Modern waterproofing. Prices for waterproofing works with examples of completed waterproofing works

The answer to the question, what is waterproofing, is quite simple. Waterproofing is a set of measures necessary to ensure the protection of structures from moisture. Waterproofing materials are materials that are used to provide waterproofing protection of buildings, structures and structures. In addition to protection against the action of water, they protect against the influence of chemically active liquids (acids, solvents, alkalis, oil products).

Modern waterproofing guarantees the watertightness of various structures and increases their service life. There are currently many developed effective means waterproofing, for example, waterproofing cord, seamless waterproofing with liquid rubber, butyl rubber waterproofing, vapor waterproofing films.

The main areas of use for waterproofing materials include:

• ensuring water tightness of underground and ground structures;
• hydro, - and wind protection of roofs and floors, foundations and cellars;
• waterproofing of industrial and construction facilities;
• ensuring water tightness of hydraulic engineering facilities;
• hydroprotection of reservoirs, dams, pools.

Now the most popular polymembrane film roll materials for waterproofing. The waterproofing membrane is highly resistant to aggressive liquids, it is characterized by elasticity, strength and durability. However, there are other waterproofing materials, each of which has its own advantages.

Requirements for materials for waterproofing

To select suitable waterproofing materials, it is necessary to take into account their performance properties. The material must provide reliable protection structures in various conditions environment.

Waterproofing materials must meet certain requirements, which include:

• Weather resistance, that is, the ability to protect the structure from the action of various atmospheric phenomena (for example, wind protection).
• Biological stability or the ability to resist the action of microorganisms: bacteria and fungi.
• Water resistance is the main parameter of waterproofing, which characterizes the ability of the material not to let water through.
• Water resistance - the ability to maintain properties even with prolonged exposure to water.
• Durability - the preservation of qualities for a certain period of time, taking into account the action of various aggressive factors. External waterproofing must be durable.
• Vapor permeability is a property that allows water vapor to pass through the waterproofing layer, which is important for walls and roofs.
• Resistant to temperature extremes. Waterproofing materials must retain their qualities at large temperature differences, which is extremely important for external waterproofing to be more reliable (as well as wind protection).
• Damage resistance. Hydroprotection should ensure the preservation of structural integrity under high mechanical loads.
• Chemical resistance. The material must retain its properties when exposed to aggressive liquids.

Due to the fact that different environmental factors act on different structural elements, the choice of waterproofing material should be carried out taking into account its properties.

Classification of materials for waterproofing

Waterproofing materials can be classified, for which a number of features are used.

According to the principle of action, such groups can be distinguished as:

• ( , );
• (one of the types -).

By appointment, the following waterproofing materials are considered:

• sealing (for example, a waterproofing cord);
• anticorrosive;
• antifiltration.

According to the type of base material, waterproofing can be:

• mineral;
• asphalt;
• metal;
• plastic.

physical condition and appearance allows you to divide waterproofing materials into:

• mastic (coated bituminous, polyurethane, acrylic waterproofing);
• powder;
• roll and sheet;
• polymembrane, film (for example, butyl rubber waterproofing).

To understand which material is suitable for waterproofing a particular structure, it is worth considering in more detail the main types of waterproofing materials.

Mastic waterproofing

Polymer waterproofing mastic is a viscoplastic mass, which is obtained by mixing substances with astringent properties with a finely dispersed base and adhesive additives. Mastic for waterproofing almost does not differ in properties from adhesives, but belongs to a separate class of materials due to its high viscosity and content of fillers.

Acrylic waterproofing mastic not only connects structural elements to each other, but also covers their surface with a thick layer, which protects them from environmental factors. Liquid mastic (acrylic waterproofing) allows you to fill cracks and holes to ensure the tightness of the joints and uniformity of the surface. Coating waterproofing of the floor is often used.

Mastic waterproofing composition is also used as coating insulation, as a means of gluing elements to a wall or floor, and for gluing rolled insulating materials. The coating waterproofing device is relatively simple. Coating waterproofing can be used to create a vapor-permeable film on the surface, which allows it to be used when processing internal structural elements.

Coating waterproofing "Novokout" is used for the purpose of waterproofing pools, bridges, garages. Polyurethane-based mastic is also suitable for anti-corrosion treatment of steel structures. Polyurethane waterproofing provides a uniform, waterproof and seamless surface. Therefore, polyurethane mastic is so popular.

Waterproofing with polyurethane foam is reliable and easy to perform. Polyurethane is the main material that self-leveling waterproofing uses. One-component transparent waterproofing is used for both waterproofing and corrosion prevention.

Two-component waterproofing also includes polyurethane. With its help, you can get an elastic coating and reliable protection against liquid penetration. Two-component waterproofing is used even at negative temperatures, as it does not lose its ability to polymerize under such conditions.

To prepare the working mixture, two components are used, which are included in the delivery. Two-component materials, when mixed, form a complex with the help of which an elastic waterproofing is realized.

Some of the products that elastic waterproofing provides include a liquid elasticizer and a powder component. Elastic waterproofing is used primarily for protection concrete structures. Elastic waterproofing also prevents mechanical damage to the surface. Also, elastic waterproofing is used to protect metal structures.

Latex waterproofing is often combined with bitumen. The bitumen-latex mixture is prepared in a mixer and applied to vertical, horizontal and inclined surfaces.

Penetrating waterproofing

A feature of penetrating waterproofing materials is considered to be their waterproofing of concrete structures and the possibility of using them to ensure the insulation of basements. The waterproofing material can penetrate into the concrete through capillary tracts and pores against the action hydrostatic pressure. This type of work is called “cut-off waterproofing”.

When the penetrating materials interact with concrete, specific crystalline structures are formed, which give the structure a greater density. Shut-off waterproofing provides water tightness, but does not create obstacles for air movement.

Thanks to the treatment of concrete structures with penetrating materials (diffusion waterproofing), they acquire the following properties:

• water resistance;
• resistance to aggressive media;
• great strength;
• frost resistance;
• resistance to mechanical damage.

Penetrating waterproofing is suitable for waterproofing structures such as concrete tanks, sewerage systems, wells, foundations, vaults, basements, car parks. Polymer-cement waterproofing also has a penetrating effect. It is used for the purpose of processing joints, seams and cavities.

Injection waterproofing is considered a relatively new type of insulation, but has already shown its effectiveness. Wall injection is carried out using cement compositions, acrylic gels, polyurethane resin.

Paint waterproofing

Paint waterproofing involves the use of various paints, emulsions, varnishes to protect the surface from moisture. Painting waterproofing is applied pneumatically and airless, as well as manually. When choosing a tool, the material of the surface to be protected is taken into account.

Powder waterproofing

Powder materials for waterproofing consist of cement components, synthetic resins, plasticizers and curing agents. They are supplied in the form of a dry mix and must be diluted with water immediately before work is carried out.

easy to apply and does not require the use of specific equipment for this purpose. One example of a quality powder waterproofing material is "Lamposilex".

This powder includes binder additives and strong cement. When they dissolve, a waterproofing solution is formed. Plaster waterproofing is used to seal leaks with high pressure.

Thanks to the use of powder, it is possible:

• stop water leaks in underground structures, tunnels, foundations;
• sealing seams and joints, holes and cracks;
• restoration of the plaster layer on the ceiling vaults and on the walls in rooms with high humidity.

This material is also called “waterproofing plaster”, because it restores the structure of walls and ceilings in various rooms.

Waterproofing plaster is used quite widely, especially where there is high humidity, and it is required not only to restore structures, but also to prevent the adverse effects of water on them. In these situations waterproofing plaster- the most correct decision.

Roll materials

Roll waterproofing is also called slab or sheet. Previously, this type of waterproofing materials was the most popular. by the most available materials, with the help of which rolled waterproofing is made, are roofing felt, roofing material and glass roofing material. They are used for waterproofing floors, roofs and foundations.

As a basis for the manufacture of this type of waterproofing, fiberglass or cardboard impregnated with bitumen is used. Also, basalt chips are added to the composition.

A more modern rolled waterproofing material is a waterproofing membrane, which has several layers and provides water resistance and thermal insulation. Membrane waterproofing is quite convenient and easy to implement. Quite often, a membrane is used to waterproof the foundation.

Rolls are stacked in several ways:

• Ordinary flooring for another building material.
• Fused waterproofing, which is produced by action on the roll gas burner. Fused waterproofing is a fire hazard, therefore, when using it, it is necessary to comply with the rules fire safety. Fused waterproofing is not produced so often. You have to be careful when melting.
• Roll gluing using mastics or adhesives.

Film materials

The advantages of film waterproofing materials are: durability, elasticity, strength, high resistance to aggressive substances. Polymeric materials are often used in impervious installations.

Polymer waterproofing provides excellent water resistance and belongs to modern roll subspecies. Polymers are used as the main materials for it: polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride.

PVC waterproofing is considered one of the most promising.

Polymer waterproofing is used for such purposes as roof insulation and creating concrete screed. With the help of PVC membranes, the best polymer waterproofing procedure is performed. The polymer film is laid either by gluing or by laying. Universal waterproofing film differs in ease of use.

Some membranes are supplied with a layer of adhesive, i.e. a self-adhesive material is created. Self-adhesive waterproofing is convenient to use. provides reliable protection of structures from moisture, so the self-adhesive tape has found wide application.

Such polymer waterproofing, as a thorn-like membrane, implements the functions of both hydroprotection and protection against mechanical damage. Spiked film is used to protect walls, floors and foundations.

Polyurea waterproofing

Polyurea waterproofing is one of the most modern methods of providing liquid protection for a wide range of structures. Polyurea can be applied in many ways, but polyurea spray waterproofing is considered the most effective. Polyurea waterproofing can be used in conditions high humidity and low temperature.

Video

Thus, the choice of waterproofing material is quite difficult. To select a waterproofing coating, it is necessary to determine the intended purpose and the required set of material properties.

Waterproofing- protection of building structures, buildings and structures from the penetration of water (anti-filtration waterproofing) or the material of structures from the harmful effects of washing or filtering water or other aggressive liquids (anti-corrosion waterproofing). Waterproofing works are called waterproofing works. Waterproofing ensures the normal operation of buildings, structures and equipment, increases their reliability and durability.

Waterproofing materials

For waterproofing, materials such as:

• metal sheets;
• roll and sheet materials (for example, geosynthetics or PVC membranes);
• materials liquid application(For example, liquid rubber, sprayed cork coating);
• mineral binders;
• materials based on bentonite clays;
• dry construction mixtures of penetrating action (penetrating waterproofing).

Types of waterproofing

Anti-filtration waterproofing it is used to protect against water penetration into underground and underwater structures (basements and buried buildings, transport tunnels, mines, descent wells and caissons), through retaining hydraulic structures (dams, their screens, downcasts, diaphragms), as well as to protect against leakage operational and technical or waste water (canals, tunnels and other water conduits, pools, settling tanks, reservoirs, etc.).

Anti-corrosion waterproofing designed to protect the material of structures from chemically aggressive liquids and waters (mineralized groundwater, sea water, wastewater industrial enterprises), from the aggressive effects of the atmosphere (above-ground metal structures, hydraulic structures in the zone of variable water level) and from electrocorrosion caused by stray currents (power line supports, pipelines and other underground metal structures). According to the type of base material, anti-corrosion waterproofing is asphalt, mineral, plastic and metal; according to the device method - painting, plastering, gluing, cast, impregnating, injection, filling, mounted; for the main purpose and design features- surface, keyway, working "on a clamp" and "on a separation", sealing seams and interfaces, complex purpose(thermal waterproofing, plastic expansion joints).

Painting shop waterproofing(hot and cold) is performed in the form of a thin (up to 2 mm) multi-layer coating, usually from bituminous and polymeric varnishes and paints, for anti-capillary and anti-corrosion protection of reinforced concrete and metal structures. The most reliable are hot bitumen-polymer and cold epoxy-rubber coatings. Increasingly, new polymer materials cold curing.

Plaster waterproofing(hot and cold) is a multilayer (up to 2 cm) coating; the most common for reinforced concrete structures: cement shotcrete, cold and hot asphalt plasters and mastics, which do not require a protective fence and allow mechanizing the process of their application. The use of polymer concrete and polymer cement coatings, colloidal cement mortar is expanding.

Okleyechnaya waterproofing is produced by sticking rolled materials in the form of a multilayer (usually 3-4 layers) coating with mandatory protection by surface screeds and walls. Despite the wide distribution, gluing waterproofing is in some cases replaced by paint and plaster waterproofing. Differs in the increased crack resistance; its improvement goes along the path of using polymer films, fiberglass.

cast waterproofing- most reliable appearance waterproofing; it is usually performed from hot asphalt mastics and mortars by pouring them on a horizontal base (in 2-3 layers with a total thickness of 20-25 mm) and pouring behind the wall or formwork on the walls (30-50 mm thick); due to complexity and high cost, it is performed in especially critical cases. Its development follows the path of using asphalt-ceramsite-concrete, bitumen-perlite, foam epoxides, and other foam plastics.

Zasypnaya waterproofing it is arranged by backfilling loose waterproofing materials into waterproof layers and cavities, for example, enclosed by formwork. It is similar in design and purpose to cast waterproofing, but has a large thickness (up to 50 cm) and a complex thermal and waterproofing purpose (hydrophobic sands and powders, asphaltoizol) with little water resistance.

Impregnation waterproofing is carried out by impregnation of building products made of porous materials ( concrete plates and blocks, asbestos-cement sheets and pipes, limestone and tuff blocks) in an organic binder (bitumen, coal tar pitch, petrolatum, polymer varnishes). Impregnation waterproofing the most reliable for prefabricated elements subjected to intense mechanical stress (piles, pipes, tubing, foundation blocks).

injection waterproofing is carried out by injecting a binder material into the seams and cracks of building structures or into the soil adjacent to them by methods similar to the installation of impervious curtains; It is used, as a rule, in the repair of waterproofing. For its device, new polymers (carbamide, furan resins) are increasingly being used.

mounted waterproofing It is made from specially made elements (metal and plastic sheets, profile tapes) attached to the main structure with mounting ties. Used in special difficult cases. Its improvement follows the path of using ethylene-propylene rubber glued to a solid base or laid on the ground, fiberglass, rigid polyvinyl chloride, industrial production of prefabricated reinforced concrete products, factory-coated with paint or plaster waterproofing. The most common constructive view waterproofing - surface coatings in combination with sealing of expansion or structural joints and interface devices that ensure the continuity of the entire pressure front of the structure.

Surface waterproofing are designed in such a way that they are pressed against the insulated supporting structure by the pressure of water; new types of structural waterproofing have also been developed, working "on a tear". Seals play an important role in the waterproofing of structures. expansion joints; they are arranged to make the seams waterproof and protect them from clogging with soil, ice, floating bodies. In addition to watertightness, seals must also be highly deformable, flexible, so that they can freely follow the deformations of the mating elements or sections of the structure. The most common types of seals are asphalt dowels and gaskets, metal diaphragms and expansion joints, rubber and plastic diaphragms, gaskets and molding sealants. It also provides for the widespread use of bitumen-polymer sealants, fiberglass and fiberglass, allowing you to create simpler and more reliable seals. Tear-off waterproofing is carried out in the form of coatings applied to the protected structure from the side opposite to the water pressure. It is mainly used in the repair and restoration of waterproofing structures (for example, by plastering flooded basements of buildings from the inside) and for waterproofing underground structures, the supporting structures of which are concreted close to the surrounding soil or rocky base - tunnels, descent wells, underground rooms of great depth (with their anti-filtration protection). For this type of waterproofing device, waterproofing coatings, allowing anchoring behind the main structure (cast and mounted waterproofing) or having high adhesion to concrete with prolonged exposure to water (cement shotcrete, cold asphalt and epoxy paint waterproofing).

Penetrating waterproofing: dry mixes consisting of cement, quartz sand of a certain chemical and granulometric composition of chemically active additives. The ions of the chemically active additive dissolved in water penetrate the micropores into the internal structure of concrete and crystallize there, as a result chemical reactions, forming a reliable barrier in the way of water. Active chemical components that have penetrated deep into the body of concrete, dissolving in water, react with ionic complexes of aluminum calcium, various oxides and metal salts contained in concrete. During these reactions, more complex salts are formed that can interact with water and create insoluble crystalline hydrates - formations in the form of needle-shaped, randomly arranged crystals. The network of these crystals fills capillaries, microcracks and pores up to 0.5 mm wide. At the same time, the crystals are integral part concrete structure. Due to the force of the surface tension of water, the crystals become an insurmountable obstacle in the way of water. This blocks the filtration of water through the thickness of concrete, while protecting reinforcing cage from the aggressive environment of ground (technogenic) waters. The term of action of penetrating waterproofing corresponds to the service life of concrete structures, since crystalline hydrates are deep in the structure of concrete, changing its mechanical properties. Additionally, the compressive strength of concrete is increased.

sprayed waterproofing It is applied to protection against penetration of water of a roof, the bases, reservoirs, basements and underground rooms. Spray waterproofing is a two-component waterproofing system consisting of a base element and a curing catalyst. The coating is applied to the surface to be treated by cold spraying, after curing it forms a durable membrane. Sprayed waterproofing has high adhesion to any base (steel, concrete, roofing material), regardless of its relief, does not contain seams, is not flammable, has no smell, and has a long service life.

The complex of works on waterproofing installation includes: preparation of the base, installation of a waterproofing cover and protective fence, sealing expansion joints and waterproofing interfaces. When choosing the type of waterproofing, preference is given to such coatings, which, with equal reliability and cost, allow for complex mechanization waterproofing works eliminate their seasonality.

Waterproofing for the foundation is possible only taking into account several factors, such as: type of soil, level groundwater, climatic conditions, type of foundation. You can do without waterproofing in hot regions with a minimum of precipitation and low humidity, as well as with deep passage of groundwater. In other cases, waterproofing is necessary for any structure. Read more about what is foundation waterproofing, types of waterproofing, methods of application in our article.

External waterproofing of the basement

How does moisture affect the foundation

Water leads to a violation of the integrity of the foundation in at least two ways.

First of all, this is the washing out of concrete, the appearance of roughness and potholes on its surface.

No less dangerous is the icing of water that has entered the pores of concrete. When water freezes, it tends to expand in volume rather than contract. Penetrating into the foundation structure, in a frozen state, it destroys it inside, forming cracks and crevices. Therefore, during construction, the waterproofing of the foundation should be carried out during the construction process.

Destruction of the foundation due to lack of waterproofing

Why waterproofing

AT basement buildings without good waterproofing will certainly appear flooding and smudges on the floor, mold on the walls. In such a house it is unacceptable to save food or household items. It is important to choose materials for waterproofing High Quality, follow the technology of building a foundation to protect the house from the damaging effects of moisture.

Waterproofing performs important tasks:

strengthens the foundation and extends the service life;

prevents warping of the walls of the house and the formation of cracks;

prevents walls from leaking and the presence of water in basements, mold formation; protects from natural destroyers.

Types of moisture insulation

It is divided into the following types:

horizontal;

vertical;

blind area device.

In some cases, all means of protection are used at once.

Horizontal waterproofing

It is used to prevent the transfer of moisture from one level to another. Designed for all types of foundations: strip, slab, individual supports.

Horizontal insulation - more often used to protect the walls of the house

Such protection is the processing of the walls of an already finished foundation. Vertical waterproofing is designed to protect the foundation of the structure from the influence surface water. It is necessary only for tape and columnar supports of the structure.

Vertical waterproofing directly protects the sap foundation

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

This type of protection protects the foundation from the action of precipitation and melted snow in spring. In this case, the width of the structure plays an important role. With insufficient width, moisture will be discharged a short distance and will be able to reach the foundation.

For its construction, the following means are used:

asphalt concrete;

• sidewalk tile;

• waterproof membranes.

The method of constructing the blind area is selected, taking into account the architectural properties and the price of materials. Most budget option the blind area will be its construction of concrete or asphalt. This method does not add decorativeness, but protects the base of the building without significant financial costs and labor costs. The construction of a blind area made of concrete or asphalt is widespread in the large-scale construction of high-rise residential buildings and collective buildings.

The blind area prevents moisture from running off the walls under the foundation

General technical rules

There are a number technical requirements for each type of isolation.

Be sure to take into account the height of surface water.

Consider the purpose and operating conditions of the facility.

Provide for the possibility of floods or heavy precipitation.

Take into account the properties of the soil during frosts.

Best Protection Method strip foundation must combine vertical waterproofing in combination with horizontal type protection.

Insulation according to application

Vertical and horizontal insulation according to the method of application can be divided into the following types:

pasting;

plastering;

painting;

mounted;

injection.

Let's consider these methods in more detail.

Okleyechnaya

Pasting insulation against moisture is based on the use of roll products on a bituminous binder. A built-up or pasting material is used to waterproof the foundation. This method involves applying a heated layer of glue, and gluing it to the surface. To make such protection without using a layer of glue, you will need to use bituminous mastic instead of fastening.

Gluing waterproofing is most often applied in a "hot" way.

Adhesives include:

roofing material - the most popular method;

roofing, which is still used, given its cheapness, but it should not be used as protection for the main structures of structures;

glassine - thick cardboard impregnated with bituminous binder;

polymeric materials with bituminous impregnation.

Plaster

This waterproofing belongs to the type of coating.

Now there are many means of protection against moisture - these are solutions in which, in addition to asphalt or cement with sand, there are additives that give useful properties.

The most common among them: liquid glass, sodium aluminate, ceresite.

Plaster insulation is "smeared" on the foundation

Painting shop

Paint waterproofing can be hot or cold and involves the application of a complex layer 1-1 mm thick from protective equipment. The most suitable among them are hot polymer-bitumen and cold epoxy-rubber coatings. Such a foundation waterproofing device is widely used to protect against capillary moisture.

Paint insulation is more liquid than plaster

mounted

Various fiberglass, rigid polyvinyl chloride, prefabricated reinforced concrete products are used for mounted waterproofing. Disadvantage - high cost and labor intensity preparatory work. Such isolation is applied when the application conventional waterproofing impossible.

Mounted roll foundation waterproofing

injection

This method of waterproofing is based on the process of creating a membrane between a layer of wet soil and the foundation. The method consists in introducing a hydrophobic gel into the structure, which, when solidified, closes all the pores, preventing water from penetrating.

What is injection waterproofing and how it is used for restoration work, see the video:

What affects the installation of waterproofing

The foundation is the backbone of any home. The service life of the building as a whole depends on its construction. Before starting, you should outline a set of ongoing waterproofing works.

The decision can be influenced by such factors: the height of the flow ground water, forces of frost increase in soil volume, circumstances of building operation, soil heterogeneity.

Types of foundation installation

At belt type the foundation is built in the form of a tape at a certain depth. The canvas rests on foundation slabs, which allows you to evenly distribute the load over the entire surface.

Pile - the most budgetary and simple type of foundation, in which the consumption of materials is minimal. It is a separate pillar and is used in the construction of buildings that do not need a solid tape support. These are light houses, in the design of which there is a load-bearing lower beam and structures, and the walls consist of horizontal large-sized elements.

A slab foundation is the foundation of a building in the form of a flat reinforced concrete slab. For the foundation slab, there is no need to dig a deep pit, just remove upper layer soil and fill it with crushed stone or gravel to protect the foundation slab from capillary moisture.

Surface water level

Consider how to make waterproofing at a particular water level. With a height of surface water below the base of the foundation by more than 1 meter, you can get by with vertical coating protection and horizontal with the help of roofing felt. The location of surface water near the foundation, but below the height of the basement floor, requires an extended set of works. At the same time, horizontal protection is laid in 2 layers, and smeared with bituminous mastic. For vertical waterproofing, both pasting and coating methods are used. All concrete devices are treated with agents that prevent the penetration of capillary moisture.

If the location of groundwater is higher than the base of the foundation or basement floor, you should add to the above methods drainage system. The cost of these works depends on its size, quantity and type of funds used.

House foundation drainage

The presence of excess moisture in the soil is a difficult but solvable issue for land plot. At the same time, it is necessary not only to carry out waterproofing, but also to drain this area.

Experts recommend waterproofing at the beginning of the installation of the foundation. One of the most used methods is the use of waterproofing and water-repellent components for concrete mortar. After all, these components not only prevent the effects of moisture, but also speed up the solidification of the mixture, strengthen the foundation and enhance its frost resistance. At the same time, you can add components that simultaneously enhance both hydro and thermal insulation.

How waterproofing is done, see the following video:

How to protect an already poured foundation

If waterproofing was not carried out during construction, it's okay. There are methods of protection against moisture and for the finished building. In this case, gluing waterproof sheet or roll products from bitumen-polymer material. Today, this work is done using self-adhesive materials. Coating insulation - cement, bitumen and polymer solutions, mastics or emulsions - for waterproofing the foundation, these materials are used both during construction and to correct and eliminate cracks or chips that have appeared in the foundation.

Trust the experts

As practice shows, it is difficult and expensive to correct errors in waterproofing during operation, therefore, for safety, you should contact specialists at the construction stage. It is better to do waterproofing when erecting a building, because repairing the foundation in the future will be more expensive and costly. at great expense labor than building a house. Experts will analyze the surface of the building plot and advise the most suitable type of foundation. Competently and quickly calculate its installation, taking into account ventilation, sewerage and all engineering networks. Specialists of construction companies will qualitatively perform the construction of the foundation, the organization of waterproofing, as well as the insulation of the structure.

Waterproofing is called various methods protection of building structures, ground and underground communications from moisture. There are two types of waterproofing in construction; anti-filtration and anti-corrosion. The first is used in order to avoid the penetration of water into underground premises - first of all, these are basements, transport tunnels, caissons. The same type of waterproofing is also performed during the construction of structures, dams, etc.

Anti-filtration protection is extremely important for environmental safety. It prevents various discharges and technical waters from entering the natural environment. For example, at sewage treatment plants, such waterproofing is used in without fail.

Anti-corrosion waterproofing prevents the destruction of various materials. It is needed where various surfaces(primarily metal) are subject to the aggressive action of the liquid. Anti-corrosion protection mandatory for surface and underground pipelines, surface metal structures, structures on reservoirs, the water level of which often changes.

Used for waterproofing various materials, resistant to water or other . Now, to protect, for example, underground utilities are often used different kinds plastic. There are also asphalt, mineral and metal types of waterproofing.

There are many ways to install waterproofing. Paint protection is done with the help of special varnishes, which are applied to the structure in a thin but inseparable layer. Quite often, polymer varnishes are used for this purpose. The execution method can be hot and cold.

For gluing waterproofing, special roll materials are used. This way of doing it is typical for roofing works. The layer is quite thick and durable.

One of the most popular types is cast waterproofing. She is strong and reliable. Perform it with asphalt mastics. This type is also intended primarily for roofs, but it is also used to protect other building elements.

Perform waterproofing and special impregnations. This method is convenient if the building structures are made of porous materials. They are simply impregnated with astringent material. This is the most reliable way for supporting structures.

In order for the seams of the building not to let moisture through, they are filled with binders. This method of waterproofing injection. He is very prominent in panel houses- this is the most dense, rubber-like, which is located between the plates.

In the most difficult situations, mounted waterproofing is used. It is mainly used for this purpose, but there may be other types of synthetic materials.

In hydraulic structures, special types of waterproofing are used. In some cases, they work for clamping, in others, on the contrary, for separation. For this special types cement, epoxy resin etc.

This article will talk about types of waterproofing and their purpose. The modern construction market is represented by a variety of options for waterproofing materials that are designed to effectively protect the foundation, roof, walls, and ceilings of the building from the harmful effects of groundwater moisture and precipitation. Holding protective work should be carried out with high quality using the waterproofing that should be used in each individual case according to the rules of construction work. Each type of waterproofing has its own advantages and disadvantages and can be used in various construction works. Let's take a closer look at each type of modern protective materials that are used today.

Paint waterproofing is waterproof film, which is formed by applying liquid or plastic materials to the surface, such as bitumen (the most common waterproofing material), mastic or special paint and varnish, which have the appropriate properties, that is, resistance to moisture.

Bituminous mastics have different fillers- lime, asbestos, talc, which will make waterproofing of high quality and guarantee protection against capillary moisture in the wall or floor of a building structure. Modern waterproofing paints or varnishes have synthetic resins and plastics in their structure, which will also create excellent protection against humid environment. The main types of paint waterproofing material are bituminous, rubber, acrylic, polyurethane and silicone mixtures.

Application of bituminous paint waterproofing

To apply bituminous hot mastics, the mixture should be heated to 170 degrees Celsius so that it is easy to apply and penetrates well into all cracks and irregularities through which moisture can penetrate. For cold mastics, heating is not required, they immediately ready for use, but are more expensive than the first option. Cold mastics require heating at a temperature environment+ 5 degrees. They are made from furyl, epoxy, perchlorovinyl and other resins on a synthetic basis.

Before waterproofing with bituminous mastic, the surface should be treated with a composition of one part of bitumen itself and three parts of white spirit or gasoline. Then composition applied with a roller, brush or more fast way using a sprayer or spray gun. Flame spraying is also considered paint waterproofing, in which the paint is applied in at least two layers with a time interval of about 15 hours. The thickness of the bitumen should be 2 mm.

Gluing waterproofing

This type of waterproofing combines two types at once - this is paint protection, and actually pasting, therefore it is more effective, perfectly protecting brick, concrete, metal and other surfaces. Gluing waterproofing involves covering the surface rolled or sheet materials , for example, such as or extruded polystyrene foam, which are glued to bituminous mastics of cold or hot application.

The main type of gluing materials is rolled waterproofing, which is represented huge selection in modern building supermarkets designed for various waterproofing works. The most affordable roll material is ruberoid.

Installation of adhesive waterproofing

When carrying out pasting waterproofing, bituminous mastic is used, and not bitumen-rubber. It is necessary to paste the roll material in several layers, while maintaining a certain interval, allowing the layer to dry. One of the types roll materials are folgoizol, metalloizol, hydroisol, steklobit, reinforced asphalt mats, polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride films. Glass roofing material, isol, brizol are also used.

When carrying out waterproofing work with gluing materials, it is tightly rolled out and glued with bitumen or similar mastic, overlapping the edges by 10-15 centimeters. Last layer required covered with bituminous mastic hot type and, if possible, covered with a brick or other wall. Such waterproofing can be strengthened by digging with clay.

Depending on the type of material used for waterproofing the surface, hot or cold coating is used. You should know that bituminous mastics and sealants on the same basis are good insulate dry surface, but have toxicity, which should be considered. If you do not want to use toxic waterproofing, then you will have to increase the budget and purchase two-component polyurethane mixtures that are free from this disadvantage and are completely non-toxic.

Depending on the materials used, plaster waterproofing can be divided into three subspecies.

• First - cement plaster , which is applied to the surface with a layer with a thickness of 5 to 40 millimeters. Application cement-sand mortar with the addition of water repellents or mineral fillers is produced in layers. The solution is mixed in a ratio of 1 to 1 or 1 to 2. The total thickness of the plaster is a durable waterproofing layer.
• Second - asphalt plaster, which is applied with a layer of up to 4 millimeters in several layers, usually 2-3 layers, but more is possible. The coating is a protection of hot or cold mastics. After application, you need to create brick protection layer or when creating vertical waterproofing. At horizontal waterproofing 2 layers of 7-8 millimeters are created, which is protected by a screed made of.
• The third - cast asphalt waterproofing. represents solution hot mastic , which is filled into the cavity between protective wall and insulating surface. This is with vertical waterproofing. With horizontal protection against moisture, the solution should be leveled over the surface, and then covered with an additional cement screed.

Application of plaster waterproofing

Most often, plaster waterproofing is used in places where a large number of moisture. For example, very often pools are waterproofed with this particular type. moisture protection. Such waterproofing is also very effective in the bathroom or other rooms with increased level humidity. In addition, it is used as an anti-filtration and anti-corrosion protection of inclined and vertical surfaces.

They also use plaster waterproofing on concrete, metal or brick surfaces. Layers of such protection are applied from the side where it comes from hydrostatic head. If such a pressure is variable, then waterproofing should be fixed between rigid load-bearing structures, For example, brickwork.

This type of waterproofing provides good water tightness. A feature of these waterproofing materials is that they can be used both at the beginning of the construction process and at the end. In the future, penetrating waterproofing can be used for restoration of lost properties water tightness of building structures. The compositions are a structure that penetrates deeply into the surface with a porous structure.

In addition to penetrating properties into the surface and creating a barrier to moisture, this waterproofing has the ability to prevent corrosion processes in reinforcing structures. Also, penetrating agents can resist chemical attack and significantly increase the surface resistance. Significantly increases the service life of building structures that have been treated with penetrating waterproofing. This allows you to solve several problems at once when carrying out protection against moisture penetration.

Application of penetrating waterproofing

An example of waterproofing work using penetrating waterproofing is the application of a solution of Portland cement and finely ground sand, to which chemically active ingredients have been added that stimulate crack self-healing process and their avoidance. After applying this protective layer to