Beautiful chemical reactions at school. Entertaining experiments in chemistry
Evening of entertaining chemistry
When preparing a chemical evening, careful preparation of the teacher for conducting experiments is required.
The evening should be preceded by long, careful work with students, and one student should not be assigned more than two experiments.
The purpose of the chemistry evening- repeat the knowledge gained, deepen students' interest in chemistry and instill in them practical skills in developing and implementing experiments.
Description of the main stages of the evening of entertaining chemistry
I. Introductory speech of the teacher on the topic "The role of chemistry in the life of society."
II. Entertaining experiments in chemistry.
Leading (the role of the leader is performed by one of the students of the 10-11th grade):
Today we are having an evening of entertaining chemistry. Your task is to carefully follow the chemical experiments and try to explain them. And so, we begin! Experience No. 1: "Volcano".
Experience number 1. Description:
A participant in the evening pours powdered ammonium dichromate (in the form of a slide) onto an asbestos net, puts several heads of matches on the upper part of the slide and sets them on fire with a splinter.
Note: The volcano will look even more spectacular if you add a little powdered magnesium to the ammonium dichromate. Mix the components of the mixture immediately, because. magnesium burns vigorously and being in one place causes the scattering of hot particles.
The essence of the experiment is the exothermic decomposition of ammonium dichromate under local heating.
There is no smoke without fire, says an old Russian proverb. It turns out that with the help of chemistry you can get smoke without fire. And so, attention!
Experience number 2. Description:
The participant of the evening takes two glass rods, on which a little cotton wool is wound, and wets them: one in concentrated nitric (or hydrochloric) acid, the other in an aqueous 25% ammonia solution. Sticks should be brought to each other. White smoke rises from the sticks.
The essence of the experience is the formation of nitrate (chloride) ammonium.
And now we present to your attention the following experience - “Shooting Paper”.
Experience number 3. Description:
The participant of the evening takes out pieces of paper on a sheet of plywood, touches them with a glass rod. When you touch each leaf, a shot is heard.
Note: narrow strips of filter paper are cut in advance and moistened in a solution of iodine in ammonia. After that, the strips are laid out on a sheet of plywood and left to dry until the evening. The shot is the stronger, the better the paper is impregnated with the solution and the more concentrated the solution of nitrogen iodide was.
The essence of the experiment is the exothermic decomposition of the fragile compound NI3*NH3.
I have an egg. Which one of you guys will peel it without breaking the shells?
Experience number 4. Description:
The participant of the evening places the egg in a crystallizer with a solution of hydrochloric (or acetic) acid. After a while, it pulls out an egg covered only with a shell membrane.
The essence of the experience is that the composition of the shell mainly includes calcium carbonate. In hydrochloric (acetic) acid, it turns into soluble calcium chloride (calcium acetate).
Guys, I have a figure of a man made of zinc in my hands. Let's dress him up.
Experience number 5. Description:
The participant of the evening lowers the figurine into a 10% lead acetate solution. The figurine is covered with a fluffy layer of lead crystals, reminiscent of fur clothing.
The essence of the experiment is that a more active metal displaces a less active metal from salt solutions.
Guys, is it possible to burn sugar without the help of fire? Let's check!
Experience number 6. Description:
The participant of the evening pours icing sugar (30 g) into a glass placed on a saucer, pours 26 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid into the same place and stirs the mixture with a glass rod. After 1-1.5 minutes, the mixture in the glass darkens, swells and rises above the edges of the glass in the form of a loose mass.
The essence of the experiment is that sulfuric acid removes water from sugar molecules, oxidizes carbon into carbon dioxide, and at the same time sulfur dioxide is formed. The released gases push the mass out of the glass.
What methods of making fire do you know?
Examples are given from the audience.
Let's try to do without these funds.
Experience number 7. Description:
A participant in the evening pours potassium permanganate (6 g) ground into powder on a piece of tin (or a tile) and drops glycerin on it from a pipette. After a while, a fire appears.
The essence of the experiment is that as a result of the reaction, atomic oxygen is released and glycerol ignites.
Other participant of the evening:
I will also get fire without matches, only in a different way.
Experience number 8. Description:
A participant in the evening sprinkles a small amount of potassium permanganate crystals on a brick and drips concentrated sulfuric acid on it. Around this mixture, he folds thin chips in the form of a fire, but so that they do not touch the mixture. Then he wets a small piece of cotton wool with alcohol and, holding his hand over the fire, squeezes a few drops of alcohol out of the cotton so that they fall on the mixture. The fire instantly lights up.
The essence of the experience is the vigorous oxidation of alcohol by oxygen, which is released during the interaction of sulfuric acid with potassium permanganate. The heat released during this reaction ignites the fire.
And now amazing lights!
Experience number 9. Description:
The participant of the evening puts cotton swabs moistened with ethyl alcohol into porcelain cups. On the surface of the tampons, he pours the following salts: sodium chloride, strontium nitrate (or lithium nitrate), potassium chloride, barium nitrate (or boric acid). On a piece of glass, the participant prepares a mixture (slurry) of potassium permanganate and concentrated sulfuric acid. He takes some of this mass with a glass rod and touches the surface of the tampons. Tampons flash and burn in different colors: yellow, red, purple, green.
The essence of the experience is that alkali and alkaline earth metal ions color the flame in different colors.
Dear children, I am so tired and hungry that I ask you to allow me to eat a little.
Experience number 10. Description:
The host addresses the participant of the evening:
Give me some tea and biscuits, please.
The participant of the evening gives the host a glass of tea and a white cracker.
The host moistens the cracker in tea - the cracker turns blue.
Leading :
Disgrace, you almost poisoned me!
Participant of the evening:
Excuse me, I must have mixed up the glasses.
The essence of the experiment - in the glass was a solution of iodine. The starch in the bread turned blue.
Guys, I received a letter, but there was a blank sheet of paper in the envelope. Who can help me find out what's wrong?
Experience number 11. Description:
A student from the audience (prepared in advance) touches a smoldering splinter to a pencil mark on a sheet of paper. The paper along the line of the drawing slowly burns out and the light, moving along the contour of the image, outlines it (the drawing can be arbitrary).
The essence of the experience is that the paper burns due to the oxygen of the saltpeter crystallized in its thickness.
Note: a drawing is preliminarily applied to a sheet of paper with a strong solution of potassium nitrate. It must be applied in one continuous line without intersections. From the outline of the drawing with the same solution, draw a line to the edge of the paper, marking its end with a pencil. When the paper dries, the pattern will become invisible.
Well, now, guys, let's move on to the second part of our evening. Chemical games!
III. Team games.
Participants of the evening are invited to break into groups. Each group takes part in the proposed game.
Game number 1. Chemical lotto.
The formulas of chemicals are written on the cards, laid out as in a regular loto, and the names of these substances are written on cardboard squares. The group members are given cards, and one of them pulls out the squares and names the substances. The winner is the member of the group who first closes all the fields of the card.
Game number 2. Chemical quiz.
A rope is stretched between the backs of two chairs. Sweets are tied to it on strings, to which pieces of paper with questions are attached. Group members take turns cutting candy with scissors. The player becomes the owner of the candy after answering the question attached to it.
The group members form a circle. They have chemical symbols and numbers in their hands. Two of the players are in the middle of the circle. On command, they make up the chemical formula of substances from the signs and numbers held by the other players. The participant who completes the formula the fastest wins.
The group members are divided into two teams. They are given cards with chemical formulas and numbers. They must write a chemical equation. The team that completes the equation first wins.
The evening ends with the presentation of prizes to the most active participants.
Equipment and reagents: chemical beakers, conical flask, metal stand, porcelain cup, crystallizer, knife, metal tray, test tube stands, test tubes, matches, tweezers, pipettes, handkerchief; water, dry fuel, 3 tablets of calcium gluconate, potassium carbonate, ammonia 25%, hydrochloric acid (conc.), phenolphthalein, sodium metal, alcohol, stationery glue, ammonium bichromate, potassium dichromate, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, ferric chloride solutions ( III), KCNS, sodium fluoride.
Event progress
Chemistry is an interesting fascinating science. With the help of chemistry, our life becomes more interesting and diverse.
Without chemistry, the whole world would become dim.
With chemistry we drive, live and fly,
We live in different parts of the Earth,
We clean, we wash, we remove stains,
We eat, we sleep, and we walk with hairstyles.
We treat with chemistry, glue and sew
We live side by side with chemistry!
Although there are no miracles in the world.
Chemistry provides the answer.
“There are miracles in the world.
And, of course, they can not be counted!
Don't break teachers' advice:
And even if you're not a coward,
Do not taste the substances!
And don't think about sniffing them.
Understand that these are not flowers!
Take nothing with your hands
You'll get burned, blisters!
Tea and delicious sandwich
Very much asking in your mouth.
Do not lie to yourself -
We can't eat or drink!
This, friend, is a chemical cabinet,
There are no provisions for food.
In the flask - like marmalade,
Do not taste the substances!
Even poison smells sweet.
In the chemistry classroom
Lots of stuff:
cones, test tubes,
Funnel and tripod.
And you don't have to pull.
In vain pens
And then you spill it by accident
Valuable reagent!
"Pharaoh Serpents"
Experience: put a tablet of dry fuel on a stand, put 3 tablets of calcium gluconate on it and set it on fire. A light gray mass is formed in the form resembling snakes.
"Smoke Without Fire"
Experiment: (The experiment must be carried out in a well-ventilated room or in a fume hood) pour potassium carbonate into a large flask (300-500 ml) so that it covers its bottom with an even layer, and carefully pour 25% ammonia solution to wet it . Then slowly (be careful!) pour a little concentrated hydrochloric acid into the flask (white "smoke" appears). What do we see? There is smoke, there is no fire. You see, in life there is no smoke without fire, but in chemistry it happens.
"Flame on the Water"
Experience: add phenolphthalein to a cup of water. Cut off a piece of metallic sodium or lithium and carefully place it in water. The metal floats on the surface, the hydrogen ignites, and the resulting alkali causes the water to turn crimson.
"Volcano"
Mighty nature is full of miracles,
And on Earth they are subject to her alone
Shining stars, sunsets and sunrises,
Gusts of wind and sea surf ...
But we, now you will see for yourself
Sometimes we also have miracles.
Experience: pour ammonium bichromate on a tray, drop alcohol, set fire to it.
"Fireproof Scarf"
children's answers).
Our flying carpet has flown away
We also don't have a samobranka,
There is a handkerchief, it will now burn,
But, believe me, it will not be able to burn.
Experience: moisten a handkerchief in a mixture of glue and water (silicate glue + water = 1: 1.5), dry slightly, then moisten with alcohol and set on fire.
"Orange, lemon, apple"
Experiment: first, a glass of potassium dichromate solution, which is orange in color, is shown to the audience. Then, alkali is added, the “orange juice” turns into “lemon juice”. Then the opposite is done: from “lemon juice” - “orange”, for this a little sulfuric acid is added, then a little hydrogen peroxide solution is added and the “juice” becomes “apple”.
"Wound Healing"
There are three vials on the table: “iodine” (FeCl3 solution), “alcohol” (KCNS), “living water” (NaF).
Here's another fun for you.
Who gives a hand to cut off?
It's a pity the hand is cut off,
Then you need a patient for treatment!
We operate without pain.
True, there will be a lot of blood.
Every operation requires sterilization.
Help assistant
Give me alcohol.
One moment! (gives alcohol- KCNS)
We will smear with alcohol plentifully.
Don't turn around, patient
Give me the scalpel, assistant!
("scalpel" - a stick dipped in FeCl3)
Look, straight in a trickle
Blood flows, not water.
But now I'll dry my hand -
Not a trace of a cut!
"iodine" - FeCl3 solution, "alcohol" - KCNS, "living water" - NaF.
"We are wizards"
"Colored milk".
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"Entertaining experiments in chemistry"
ENTERTAINING EXPERIENCES
in chemistry for children
Target: show interesting experiments in chemistry
Tasks:
to interest students in the study of chemistry;
to give students the first skills in handling chemical equipment and substances.
Equipment and reagents: chemical beakers, conical flask, metal stand, porcelain cup, crystallizer, knife, metal tray, test tube stands, test tubes, matches, tweezers, pipettes, handkerchief; water, dry fuel, 3 tablets of calcium gluconate, potassium carbonate, ammonia 25%, hydrochloric acid (conc.), phenolphthalein, sodium metal, alcohol, stationery glue, ammonium bichromate, potassium dichromate, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, ferric chloride solutions ( III), KCNS, sodium fluoride.
Event progress
Chemistry is an interesting fascinating science. With the help of chemistry, our life becomes more interesting and diverse.
Without the chemistry of life, believe me, no
Without chemistry, the whole world would become dim.
With chemistry we drive, live and fly,
We live in different parts of the Earth,
We clean, we wash, we remove stains,
We eat, we sleep, and we walk with hairstyles.
We treat with chemistry, glue and sew
We live side by side with chemistry!
Although there are no miracles in the world.
Chemistry provides the answer.
“There are miracles in the world.
And, of course, they can not be counted!
But before proceeding to the practical part of the event, listen to comic safety rules.
Entering our chemical office,
Don't break teachers' advice:
And even if you're not a coward,
Do not taste the substances!
And don't think about sniffing them.
Understand that these are not flowers!
Take nothing with your hands
You'll get burned, blisters!
Tea and delicious sandwich
Very much asking in your mouth.
Do not lie to yourself -
We can't eat or drink!
This, friend, is a chemical cabinet,
There are no provisions for food.
Let the roach smell in the test tube,
In the flask - like marmalade,
Do not taste the substances!
Even poison smells sweet.
In the chemistry classroom
Lots of stuff:
cones, test tubes,
Funnel and tripod.
And you don't have to pull.
In vain pens
And then you spill it by accident
Valuable reagent!
"Pharaoh Serpents"
In India, in Egypt, you can watch snakes dancing to the tune of spellcasters. Let's try to make the "serpents" dance, only we will have fire as a caster.
An experience: put a tablet of dry fuel on the stand, put 3 tablets of calcium gluconate on it and set it on fire. A light gray mass is formed in the form resembling snakes.
"Smoke Without Fire"
The old saying goes "There is no smoke without fire", let's check it out.
An experience: (The experiment must be carried out in a well-ventilated room or in a fume hood) pour potassium carbonate into a large flask (300-500 ml) so that it covers its bottom with an even layer, and carefully pour 25% ammonia solution to wet it. Then slowly (be careful!) pour a little concentrated hydrochloric acid into the flask (white "smoke" appears). What do we see? There is smoke, there is no fire. You see, in life there is no smoke without fire, but in chemistry it happens.
"Flame on the Water"
Can you cut metal with a knife? Can he swim? Can water burn?
An experience: add phenolphthalein to a cup of water. Cut off a piece of metallic sodium or lithium and carefully place it in water. The metal floats on the surface, the hydrogen ignites, and the resulting alkali causes the water to turn crimson.
"Volcano"
Mighty nature is full of miracles,
And on Earth they are subject to her alone
Shining stars, sunsets and sunrises,
Gusts of wind and sea surf ...
But we, now you will see for yourself
Sometimes we also have miracles.
An experience: pour ammonium bichromate on a tray, add alcohol, set fire to it.
"Fireproof Scarf"
Remember magic items from fairy tales ( children's answers).
Our flying carpet has flown away
We also don't have a samobranka,
There is a handkerchief, it will now burn,
But, believe me, it will not be able to burn.
An experience: soak a handkerchief in a mixture of glue and water (silicate glue + water = 1: 1.5), dry slightly, then moisten with alcohol and set on fire.
"Orange, lemon, apple"
And now the next magic, from one juice we get another.
An experience: first, a glass with a solution of potassium dichromate, which is orange in color, is shown to the audience. Then, alkali is added, the “orange juice” turns into “lemon juice”. Then the opposite is done: from “lemon juice” - “orange”, for this a little sulfuric acid is added, then a little hydrogen peroxide solution is added and the “juice” becomes “apple”.
"Wound Healing"
There are three vials on the table: "iodine" (FeCl solution 3 ), "alcohol" (KCNS), "living water" (NaF).
Here's another fun for you.
Who gives a hand to cut off?
It's a pity the hand is cut off,
Then you need a patient for treatment! (the bravest boy is invited)
We operate without pain.
True, there will be a lot of blood.
Every operation requires sterilization.
Help assistant
Give me alcohol.
One moment! (gives alcohol- KCNS) We will smear with alcohol plentifully.
Don't turn around, patient
Give me the scalpel, assistant!
("scalpel" - a stick dipped in FeCl 3
)
Look, straight in a trickle
Blood flows, not water.
But now I'll dry my hand
Not a trace of a cut!
"iodine" - FeCl solution 3
, "alcohol" - KCNS, "living water" - NaF.
"We are wizards"
And now you yourself will become wizards. We will now conduct an experiment.
"Colored milk". I suggest you get blue milk. Does this happen in nature? No, but you and I will succeed, only you can’t drink it. We merge copper sulfate and barium chloride together.
Dear Guys! So our miracles and entertaining experiments ended. We hope you liked them! If you know chemistry, it will not be difficult for you to unravel the secrets of "miracles". Grow up and come to us to study this very interesting science - chemistry. See you soon!
Helpful Hints
Children are always trying to find out something new every day and they always have a lot of questions.
They can explain some phenomena, or you can show how this or that thing, this or that phenomenon works.
In these experiments, children not only learn something new, but also learn create differentcrafts with which they can play further.
1. Experiments for children: lemon volcano
You will need:
2 lemons (for 1 volcano)
Baking soda
Food coloring or watercolors
Dishwashing liquid
Wooden stick or spoon (optional)
1. Cut off the bottom of the lemon so it can be placed on a flat surface.
2. On the reverse side, cut a piece of lemon as shown in the image.
* You can cut half a lemon and make an open volcano.
3. Take the second lemon, cut it in half and squeeze the juice out of it into a cup. This will be the backup lemon juice.
4. Place the first lemon (with the part cut out) on the tray and spoon "remember" the lemon inside to squeeze out some of the juice. It is important that the juice is inside the lemon.
5. Add food coloring or watercolor to the inside of the lemon, but do not stir.
6. Pour dishwashing liquid inside the lemon.
7. Add a full tablespoon of baking soda to the lemon. The reaction will start. With a stick or spoon, you can stir everything inside the lemon - the volcano will begin to foam.
8. To make the reaction last longer, you can gradually add more soda, dyes, soap and reserve lemon juice.
2. Home experiments for children: electric eels from chewing worms
You will need:
2 glasses
small capacity
4-6 chewable worms
3 tablespoons of baking soda
1/2 spoon of vinegar
1 cup water
Scissors, kitchen or clerical knife.
1. With scissors or a knife, cut lengthwise (just lengthwise - this will not be easy, but be patient) of each worm into 4 (or more) parts.
* The smaller the piece, the better.
* If scissors don't want to cut properly, try washing them with soap and water.
2. Mix water and baking soda in a glass.
3. Add pieces of worms to the solution of water and soda and stir.
4. Leave the worms in the solution for 10-15 minutes.
5. Using a fork, transfer the worm pieces to a small plate.
6. Pour half a spoon of vinegar into an empty glass and start putting worms in it one by one.
* The experiment can be repeated if the worms are washed with plain water. After a few attempts, your worms will begin to dissolve, and then you will have to cut a new batch.
3. Experiments and experiments: a rainbow on paper or how light is reflected on a flat surface
You will need:
bowl of water
Clear nail polish
Small pieces of black paper.
1. Add 1-2 drops of clear nail polish to a bowl of water. See how the varnish disperses through the water.
2. Quickly (after 10 seconds) dip a piece of black paper into the bowl. Take it out and let it dry on a paper towel.
3. After the paper has dried (it happens quickly) start turning the paper and look at the rainbow that is displayed on it.
* To better see the rainbow on paper, look at it under the sun's rays.
4. Experiments at home: a rain cloud in a jar
When small drops of water accumulate in a cloud, they become heavier and heavier. As a result, they will reach such a weight that they can no longer remain in the air and will begin to fall to the ground - this is how rain appears.
This phenomenon can be shown to children with simple materials.
You will need:
Shaving foam
Food coloring.
1. Fill the jar with water.
2. Apply shaving foam on top - it will be a cloud.
3. Let the child begin to drip food coloring onto the "cloud" until it starts to "rain" - drops of food coloring begin to fall to the bottom of the jar.
During the experiment, explain this phenomenon to the child.
You will need:
warm water
Sunflower oil
4 food coloring
1. Fill the jar 3/4 full with warm water.
2. Take a bowl and mix 3-4 tablespoons of oil and a few drops of food coloring in it. In this example, 1 drop of each of 4 dyes was used - red, yellow, blue and green.
3. Stir the dyes and oil with a fork.
4. Carefully pour the mixture into a jar of warm water.
5. Watch what happens - the food coloring will begin to slowly sink through the oil into the water, after which each drop will begin to disperse and mix with other drops.
* Food coloring dissolves in water, but not in oil, because. The density of oil is less than water (which is why it "floats" on water). A drop of dye is heavier than oil, so it will begin to sink until it reaches the water, where it begins to disperse and look like a small firework.
6. Interesting experiences: ina bowl in which colors merge
You will need:
- a printout of the wheel (or you can cut out your own wheel and draw all the colors of the rainbow on it)
Elastic band or thick thread
Glue stick
Scissors
A skewer or screwdriver (to make holes in the paper wheel).
1. Choose and print the two templates you want to use.
2. Take a piece of cardboard and use a glue stick to glue one template to the cardboard.
3. Cut out the glued circle from the cardboard.
4. Glue the second template to the back of the cardboard circle.
5. Use a skewer or screwdriver to make two holes in the circle.
6. Pass the thread through the holes and tie the ends into a knot.
Now you can spin your spinning top and watch how the colors merge on the circles.
7. Experiments for children at home: jellyfish in a jar
You will need:
Small transparent plastic bag
Transparent plastic bottle
Food coloring
Scissors.
1. Lay the plastic bag on a flat surface and smooth it out.
2. Cut off the bottom and handles of the bag.
3. Cut the bag lengthwise on the right and left so that you have two sheets of polyethylene. You will need one sheet.
4. Find the center of the plastic sheet and fold it like a ball to make a jellyfish head. Tie the thread around the "neck" of the jellyfish, but not too tight - you need to leave a small hole through which to pour water into the head of the jellyfish.
5. There is a head, now let's move on to the tentacles. Make cuts in the sheet - from the bottom to the head. You need about 8-10 tentacles.
6. Cut each tentacle into 3-4 smaller pieces.
7. Pour some water into the jellyfish's head, leaving room for air so the jellyfish can "float" in the bottle.
8. Fill the bottle with water and put your jellyfish in it.
9. Drop a couple of drops of blue or green food coloring.
* Close the lid tightly so that water does not spill out.
* Have the children turn the bottle over and watch the jellyfish swim in it.
8. Chemical experiments: magic crystals in a glass
You will need:
Glass cup or bowl
plastic bowl
1 cup Epsom salt (magnesium sulfate) - used in bath salts
1 cup hot water
Food coloring.
1. Pour Epsom salt into a bowl and add hot water. You can add a couple of drops of food coloring to the bowl.
2. Stir the contents of the bowl for 1-2 minutes. Most of the salt granules should dissolve.
3. Pour the solution into a glass or glass and place it in the freezer for 10-15 minutes. Don't worry, the solution isn't hot enough to crack the glass.
4. After freezing, move the solution to the main compartment of the refrigerator, preferably on the top shelf and leave overnight.
The growth of crystals will be noticeable only after a few hours, but it is better to wait out the night.
This is what the crystals look like the next day. Remember that crystals are very fragile. If you touch them, they are most likely to break or crumble immediately.
9. Experiments for children (video): soap cube
10. Chemical experiments for children (video): how to make a lava lamp with your own hands
Who loved chemistry labs at school? It is interesting, after all, it was to mix something with something and get a new substance. True, it didn’t always work out the way it was described in the textbook, but no one suffered about this, did they? The main thing is that something happens, and we saw it right in front of us.
If in real life you are not a chemist and do not face much more complex experiments every day at work, then these experiments that you can do at home will definitely amuse you, at least.
lava lamp
For experience you need:
– Transparent bottle or vase
— Water
- Sunflower oil
- Food coloring
- Several effervescent tablets "Suprastin"
Mix water with food coloring, pour sunflower oil. You don't need to mix, and you won't be able to. When a clear line between water and oil is visible, we throw a couple of Suprastin tablets into the container. Watching lava flows.
Since the density of oil is lower than that of water, it remains on the surface, with an effervescent tablet creating bubbles that carry water to the surface.
Elephant Toothpaste
For experience you need:
- Bottle
- small cup
— Water
- Dish detergent or liquid soap
- Hydrogen peroxide
- Fast acting nutritional yeast
- Food coloring
Mix liquid soap, hydrogen peroxide and food coloring in a bottle. In a separate cup, dilute the yeast with water and pour the resulting mixture into a bottle. We look at the eruption.
Yeast releases oxygen, which reacts with hydrogen and is pushed out. Due to the soap suds, a dense mass erupts from the bottle.
Hot Ice
For experience you need:
- container for heating
- Clear glass cup
- Plate
- 200 g baking soda
- 200 ml of acetic acid or 150 ml of its concentrate
- crystallized salt
We mix acetic acid and soda in a saucepan, wait until the mixture stops sizzling. We turn on the stove and evaporate excess moisture until an oily film appears on the surface. The resulting solution is poured into a clean container and cooled to room temperature. Then we add a crystal of soda and watch how the water “freezes” and the container becomes hot.
Heated and mixed vinegar and soda form sodium acetate, which, when melted, becomes an aqueous solution of sodium acetate. When salt is added to it, it begins to crystallize and release heat.
rainbow in milk
For experience you need:
- Milk
- Plate
- Liquid food coloring in several colors
- cotton swab
— Detergent
Pour milk into a plate, drip dyes in several places. Wet a cotton swab in detergent, dip it into a bowl of milk. Let's see the rainbow.
In the liquid part there is a suspension of droplets of fat, which, in contact with the detergent, split and rush from the inserted stick in all directions. A regular circle is formed due to surface tension.
Smoke without fire
For experience you need:
– Hydroperite
— Analgin
- Mortar and pestle (can be replaced with a ceramic cup and spoon)
The experiment is best done in a well-ventilated area.
We grind hydroperite tablets to a powder, we do the same with analgin. We mix the resulting powders, wait a bit, see what happens.
During the reaction, hydrogen sulfide, water and oxygen are formed. This leads to partial hydrolysis with the elimination of methylamine, which interacts with hydrogen sulfide, a suspension of its small crystals which resembles smoke.
pharaoh snake
For experience you need:
- Calcium gluconate
- Dry fuel
- Matches or lighter
We put several tablets of calcium gluconate on dry fuel, set fire to it. Let's look at the snakes.
Calcium gluconate decomposes when heated, which leads to an increase in the volume of the mixture.
non-newtonian fluid
For experience you need:
- mixing bowl
- 200 g corn starch
- 400 ml of water
Gradually add water to the starch and stir. Try to make the mixture homogeneous. Now try to roll the ball out of the resulting mass and hold it.
The so-called non-Newtonian fluid behaves like a solid body during fast interaction, and like a liquid during slow interaction.
Such a complex but interesting science as chemistry always causes an ambiguous reaction among schoolchildren. The children are interested in experiments, as a result of which substances of bright colors are obtained, gases are released or precipitation occurs. But only a few of them like to write complex equations of chemical processes.
The Importance of Entertaining Experiences
According to modern federal standards in general education schools, such a subject of the program as chemistry was also not left without attention.
As part of the study of complex transformations of substances and solving practical problems, the young chemist hones his skills in practice. It is in the course of unusual experiments that the teacher forms an interest in the subject in his pupils. But in ordinary lessons, it is difficult for a teacher to find enough free time for non-standard experiments, and there is simply no time for children to conduct them.
To remedy this, additional elective and elective courses were invented. By the way, many children who are fond of chemistry in grades 8-9 become doctors, pharmacists, scientists in the future, because in such classes a young chemist gets the opportunity to independently conduct experiments and draw conclusions from them.
What courses are associated with entertaining chemistry experiments?
In the old days, chemistry for children was available only from the 8th grade. No special courses or extracurricular activities in the field of chemistry were offered to children. In fact, there was simply no work with gifted children in chemistry, which had a negative impact on the attitude of schoolchildren to this discipline. The guys were afraid and did not understand complex chemical reactions, they made mistakes in writing ionic equations.
In connection with the reform of the modern education system, the situation has changed. Now in educational institutions are offered in the lower grades. The children are happy to do the tasks that the teacher offers them, learn to draw conclusions.
Optional courses related to chemistry help high school students gain skills in working with laboratory equipment, and those designed for younger students contain vivid, demonstrative chemical experiments. For example, children study the properties of milk, get acquainted with those substances that are obtained when it is sour.
Experiments with water
Entertaining chemistry for children is interesting when, during the experiment, they see an unusual result: gas evolution, bright color, unusual sediment. A substance such as water is considered ideal for conducting a variety of entertaining chemical experiments for schoolchildren.
For example, chemistry for children of 7 years old may begin with an acquaintance with its properties. The teacher tells the children that most of our planet is covered with water. The teacher also informs the pupils that in a watermelon it is more than 90 percent, and in a person - about 65-70%. Having told schoolchildren about how important water is for humans, we can offer them some interesting experiments. At the same time, it is worth emphasizing the “magic” of water in order to intrigue schoolchildren.
By the way, in this case, the standard set of chemistry for children does not involve any expensive equipment - it is quite possible to limit yourself to available devices and materials.
Experience "Ice Needle"
Let's give an example of such a simple and also interesting experiment with water. This is a building of ice sculpture - "needles". For the experiment you will need:
- water;
- salt;
- ice cubes.
The duration of the experiment is 2 hours, so such an experiment cannot be carried out in a regular lesson. First you need to pour water into the ice mold, put in the freezer. After 1-2 hours, after the water turns into ice, entertaining chemistry can continue. For the experience, you will need 40-50 ready-made ice cubes.
First, the children must arrange 18 cubes on the table in the form of a square, leaving an empty space in the center. Then, after sprinkling them with table salt, they are carefully applied to each other, thus gluing together.
Gradually, all the cubes are connected, and as a result, a thick and long “needle” of ice is obtained. To make it, 2 teaspoons of table salt and 50 small pieces of ice are enough.
It is possible, by tinting the water, to make the ice sculptures multi-colored. And as a result of such a simple experience, chemistry for children of 9 years old becomes an understandable and exciting science. You can experiment by gluing ice cubes in the form of a pyramid or rhombus.
Experiment "Tornado"
This experiment will not require special materials, reagents and tools. The guys will be able to make it in 10-15 minutes. For the experiment, stock up:
- a plastic transparent bottle with a cap;
- water;
- dishwashing detergent;
- sequins.
The bottle must be filled 2/3 with plain water. Then add 1-2 drops of dishwashing detergent to it. After 5-10 seconds, pour a couple of pinches of sparkles into the bottle. Tighten the cap tightly, turn the bottle upside down, holding the neck, and twist clockwise. Then we stop and look at the resulting vortex. Until the moment the "tornado" works, you will have to scroll the bottle 3-4 times.
Why does a "tornado" appear in an ordinary bottle?
When a child makes circular movements, a whirlwind similar to a tornado appears. The rotation of water around the center occurs due to the action of centrifugal force. The teacher tells the children about how terrible tornadoes are in nature.
Such an experience is absolutely safe, but after it, chemistry for children becomes a truly fabulous science. To make the experiment more vivid, you can use a coloring agent, for example, potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate).
Experiment "Soap Bubbles"
Want to teach kids what fun chemistry is? Programs for children do not allow the teacher to pay due attention to experiments in the lessons, there is simply no time for this. So, let's do this optionally.
For elementary school students, this experiment will bring a lot of positive emotions, and you can do it in a few minutes. We will need:
- liquid soap;
- jar;
- water;
- thin wire.
In a jar, mix one part liquid soap with six parts water. We bend the end of a small piece of wire in the form of a ring, lower it into the soap mixture, carefully pull it out and blow it out of the mold with a beautiful soap bubble of our own making.
Only wire that does not have a nylon layer is suitable for this experiment. Otherwise, children will not be able to blow soap bubbles.
In order to make it more interesting for the guys, you can add food coloring to the soap solution. You can arrange soap competitions between schoolchildren, then chemistry for children will become a real holiday. The teacher thus introduces the children to the concept of solutions, solubility and explains the reasons for the appearance of bubbles.
Entertaining experience "Water from plants"
To begin with, the teacher explains how important water is for cells in living organisms. It is with the help of it that the transport of nutrients occurs. The teacher notes that in case of insufficient amount of water in the body, all living things die.
For the experiment you will need:
- spirit lamp;
- test tubes;
- green leaves;
- test tube holder;
- copper sulfate (2);
- beaker.
This experiment will take 1.5-2 hours, but as a result, chemistry for children will be a manifestation of a miracle, a symbol of magic.
Green leaves are placed in a test tube, fixed in the holder. In the flame of an alcohol lamp, you need to heat the entire test tube 2-3 times, and then this is done only with the part where the green leaves are.
The glass should be placed so that the gaseous substances released in the test tube fall into it. As soon as the heating is completed, to a drop of the liquid obtained inside the glass, add grains of white anhydrous copper sulfate. Gradually, the white color disappears, and copper sulfate becomes blue or blue.
This experience leads children to complete delight, because the color of substances changes before their eyes. At the end of the experiment, the teacher tells the children about such a property as hygroscopicity. It is due to its ability to absorb water vapor (moisture) that white copper sulfate changes its color to blue.
Experiment "Magic Wand"
This experiment is suitable for an introductory lesson in an elective course in chemistry. First, you need to make a star-shaped blank from it and soak it in a solution of phenolphthalein (indicator).
During the experiment itself, the star attached to the "magic wand" is first immersed in an alkali solution (for example, in a solution of sodium hydroxide). Children see how in a matter of seconds her color changes and a bright crimson color appears. Next, the colored form is placed in an acid solution (for the experiment, the use of a hydrochloric acid solution would be optimal), and the crimson color disappears - the asterisk becomes colorless again.
If the experiment is carried out for kids, during the experiment the teacher tells a "chemical fairy tale". For example, the hero of a fairy tale can be an inquisitive mouse who wanted to know why there are so many bright colors in a magical land. For students in grades 8-9, the teacher introduces the concept of "indicator" and notes which indicators can determine the acidic environment, and which substances are needed to determine the alkaline environment of solutions.
The Genie in the Bottle Experience
This experiment is demonstrated by the teacher himself, using a special fume hood. The experience is based on the specific properties of concentrated nitric acid. Unlike many acids, concentrated nitric acid is able to enter into chemical interaction with metals located after hydrogen (with the exception of platinum, gold).
Pour it into a test tube and add a piece of copper wire there. Under the hood, the test tube is heated, and the children observe the appearance of “red gin” vapors.
For students in grades 8-9, the teacher writes the equation of a chemical reaction, highlights the signs of its course (color change, the appearance of gas). This experience is not suitable for demonstration outside the walls of the school chemistry room. According to safety regulations, it involves the use of nitric oxide vapors (“brown gas”) are dangerous for children.
Home experiments
In order to warm up the interest of schoolchildren in chemistry, you can offer a home experiment. For example, to conduct an experiment on growing salt crystals.
The child should prepare a saturated solution of table salt. Then place a thin branch in it, and, as the water evaporates from the solution, salt crystals will “grow” on the branch.
The jar of solution must not be shaken or rotated. And when after 2 weeks the crystals grow, the stick must be very carefully removed from the solution and dried. And then, if desired, you can cover the product with a colorless varnish.
Conclusion
There is no more interesting subject in the school curriculum than chemistry. But in order for children not to be afraid of this complex science, the teacher must devote sufficient time in his work to entertaining experiments and unusual experiments.
It is the practical skills that are formed in the course of such work that will help stimulate interest in the subject. And in the lower grades, entertaining experiments are considered by the Federal State Educational Standards as an independent project and research activity.