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How long does the house shrink. How long does a panel house shrink? Is it possible to demolish walls in a monolithic house

When choosing an apartment in a new building, most buyers prefer the so-called "rough finish". In practice, this usually means that new settlers receive ownership of the walls ("box") with water, gas, electricity and heating, and all other work - from leveling the floor and walls to installing plumbing, furniture and household appliances - they do on their own or attract experts. Undoubtedly, this approach allows you to transform the space of the apartment in accordance with the ideas of the owners about coziness and comfort, as well as to embody the most daring ideas in interior design. However, before embarking on a serious repair, many people think: “Is it time to start it?”

The specificity of new buildings is that the building, increasing floors, shrinks, and sometimes this process continues even after construction is completed. As a result, microcracks may appear in the walls and ceilings, distortions may occur, sometimes not noticeable to the human eye, but capable of damaging the decoration of the premises. And new settlers, frightened by stories about suddenly cracked tiles or fallen off plaster, postpone repairs in a new house until better times.

In order to understand the truth and myths about shrinkage, we turned to specialists and asked them to tell us when it is better to start repairs in a new building, as well as give recommendations on the choice of building and finishing materials.

Below are the responses received.

In your opinion, is it possible to start a full-fledged repair in a new apartment in the first year, immediately after receiving the keys?

“It is widely believed that in the first year it is better not to make repairs in the apartment, since subsequently various problems with cracks may appear, the house shrinks, it needs to “settle” (as the people say). But this is more a myth, because the time during which the house is being built is enough for constructive shrinkage. Shrinkage is more related to the movement of the soil, so a similar problem may arise much later in an old house.

Cracks that appear in a new house after some time are more often associated with general shortcomings in the design of the house, mainly with non-compliance with technologies in relation to building materials and other nuances, for example, haste with the deadlines for the delivery of a new building.

I would recommend paying more attention to the following: if there is an opportunity to take your time with repairs and settlement, wait at least the first winter after putting the house in. Then you can check how warm the wall structure turned out to be, whether there are any freezing in frosts, whether the joints are tight in the rain, and make sure that the heating is working. This advice is more suitable for the situation when the house is rented out during the warm season, heating is only being tested, and it is difficult to find out how high-quality thermal insulation is in monolithic-brick houses, whether the seams in panel houses are well sealed, etc.”

“Customers periodically ask me when to start repairs in a new apartment. I can’t give a definite answer - it simply does not exist. Everything is individual and depends on many factors. How well built is the house? Will it shrink within a year or 5 years? Have your nearest neighbors been renovated? Do you have time to wait, or do you need to move faster? What renovation are you planning? Etc…

For example, I'll tell you about the repair in my apartment. Monolith-brick, 28 floors, a long-term building stood for three years before delivery. When the keys were issued in June 2012, I immediately began to make repairs, since we had to move in before September (daughter was in first grade). Repair lasted 3 months in the literal sense of the word day and night. And, oh, miracle! September 5, we moved into the apartment. Of the tenants, I finished the repair first. I have walls for painting, plaster cornices, plasterboard ceiling.

Neighbors around were being repaired - left, right, bottom. It was noisy but tolerable. A year has passed: there was not a single crack in my apartment.

And now the neighbors from above have begun to repair! They started by dismantling the walls of the ventilation ducts. For two days I had hell at home: the work of the fender, pieces of falling walls on the ceiling and water leaking from above. As a result, the plasterboard ceiling cracked, the gypsum cornices cracked, the ceiling in the bathroom was flooded, 2 tiles cracked in the bathroom where the ventilation duct runs. All in two days. I took this philosophically: I knew what I was doing, starting repairs before anyone else, and I understood that this would be the case with time. The apartment renovation was completed a month ago. For the summer I plan to make myself cosmetics, repaint the walls, restore the plaster and the ceiling.

It seems to me that the main enemy of your repair is the neighbors from above. It is better to wait until the end of their repair. The house can shrink for a long time, or not at all, as lucky. And then the neighbors still “load” the house with a screed and walls (30-40 tons per 100 meter apartment).

“This is a fairly global issue, and much depends on the specific situation.

Regarding the start date of the repair work: it is certainly safest to do the work last. But this means that the apartment will stand, and its owner will delay the pleasure of living in it. And life, as you know, is one. In addition, according to experience, repairs subside in 7-10 years after the house is put into operation, since each house has a fairly large number of investment apartments. And this means that even if after 2-3 floors you will have repairs, the risk of cracks increases significantly.

In a panel house, the risk of cracks is much less than in monolithic-brick and brick houses. This is due to the design of the houses and the degree of their readiness.”

“Repairs can be done and even necessary. The most important thing is that technology is respected. Many argue that a new house can sink, but in reality this is not the case. Shrinkage is most often insignificant, and it does not affect the small deformations that occur in the house. If, for example, cracks appeared along the walls in a monolithic house, it means that they were made of poor quality. And it is difficult to protect yourself from such a situation, regardless of other circumstances.

Is it possible to solve the problems associated with house shrinkage by choosing materials that are more resistant to deformation or special technologies?

“When a house shrinks, a crack can also break the integrity of the tile. It is difficult to say to what extent technologies and materials can minimize the effects of shrinkage.
In part, it is possible to save repairs, but not from shrinkage itself, but from minor shortcomings made in the construction of the house.

These technologies are usually associated with false walls and ceilings, with their elastic connection to the supporting structures of the house. High-quality finishing materials, for example, finishing putties and paints, will protect against microcracks. In general, if you are counting on a quality repair that will last a long time, remember the saying "the miser pays twice." And with the shrinkage of the house - then how lucky! »

“To avoid cracks, I recommend using fabric-based wallpaper, stretch ceiling, parquet on the floor. If the walls are to be painted, then I glue the facade mesh (instead of the usual one for plastering), fiberglass (or interlining). Do not do textured plaster. If the ceiling is GKL, then for painting - interlining. The parquet should be allowed to rest in the apartment for two weeks so that it adapts to the climate. The tile can crack, no one is safe from this, but this does not mean that it is not necessary to glue the tile. The main thing is to prepare the base well. In fact, there are a lot of aspects and nuances in the repair, starting with the erection of the walls of the apartment and their mandatory reinforcement and ending with the final cleaning and renting out the apartment.”

“There are many recommendations regarding materials. It is better to build walls from a tongue-and-groove slab, the geometry of which is such that the glue layer is minimal, which means that the sediment is also minimal. When installing plasterboard walls and ceilings, it is better to do gypsum plasterboard in 2 layers, and glue fiberglass on top. In the manufacture of the screed, it is necessary not only to reinforce with a mesh, but also to install a damper tape around the perimeter. When choosing finishing materials, it should be taken into account that the wallpaper hides some of the cracks, leaving them behind their own layer.

“As for the repair, I’ll start with the specifics of laying the tiles. The main thing is to start with good preparation for tiles: plaster the walls with high quality, choose the right comb (the size of the comb teeth is determined based on the size of the tile). Be careful not to thicken the adhesive more than the manufacturer recommends. Otherwise, it is likely that the tile may crack or fall off.

If you make the walls for painting, then, perhaps, small cracks may appear on the corners and on the interior partitions. Therefore, I recommend using smooth flesilin, and then painting the walls. If microcracks form, then they will not be visible from under the interlining, and large cracks will appear as a slight displacement.

If you use drywall, it is necessary to glue the joints between surfaces and metal structures with a special sealing tape that softens vibrations and prevents cracks.

As for the main points: if you are doing a floor screed, it is necessary to observe all expansion joints along the perimeter, and the room itself must be divided along the openings so that the screeds are not connected.

Do the same with the leveler: if you use it, make sure that it does not touch the walls, and do not forget to divide it into rooms. Please note that when laying the flooring, the leveled surface must comply with the requirements of the manufacturer in terms of humidity parameters.

I would recommend that newcomers look for competent builders and find out how they work before starting repairs. Ask them what technology they use, how they prepare, what materials they recommend using at each stage. And already on the basis of this information, it will be clear to you which specialist is in front of you. After all, technology itself is immutable.”

We thank all the experts who took part in the preparation of the material.

Shrinkage in new houses. Features of finishing and renovation of a new apartment

Shrinkage of a new house, shaking and shrinkage are natural phenomena. And they must be considered when planning repairs in a new apartment. Our advice is to help homeowners in new buildings.

Why is house shrinkage inevitable?

Experts call the process of shrinking a new home natural. The piles and the foundation of the new building have to withstand the pressure of the structure, which increases as the residents move in. The degree of shrinkage of the house largely determines the type of foundation and soil features of the site where the house is located. On so-called soft soils, it is longer than when building on stable solid soils.

Responsible developer companies base the choice of foundation on data from geodetic and geological surveys. All the nuances are taken into account, including the type of soil, the level of groundwater and other factors. Usually foundation shrinkage building is calculated and included in the project in advance.

A newly built house can “sit down” in its place for quite a long time - from 2 to 6 years. On average, complete shaking, shrinkage and shrinkage occurs in 2-3 years. However, the walls of some buildings "walk" for more than 6 years.

At the same time, the heavier the structure, the more tangible the process - so the shrinkage of a new house made of heavier bricks is much more difficult than buildings made of lightweight cellular concrete.

When to start renovations in a new apartment?

It is quite understandable that the owners want to start repairing the apartment immediately after the purchase. Especially if the housing is purchased with a rough finish. Living in such conditions is, of course, uncomfortable. But do not rush to invest serious money in the renovation of a new apartment. Builders say that ideally, a house with a rough finish should stand for at least two winters. Then you can hope that the consequences of the shrinkage of the foundation will go unnoticed by you.

And the actual consequences are the minimum displacement of walls and ceilings. They cannot be determined by eye, but it is quite possible by the deformations of the finish.

The most common weak point is bathroom tiles, which have a "bad habit" of pulling away from the base and cracking in the early years. Other areas of damage depend on the material and compliance with the technology of building a new house. Basically, these are cracks in the tile joints of bathrooms and in the kitchen, backlog of wallpaper, cracking of plaster and paint on walls and ceilings, subsidence of door and window openings, "wavy" parquet or laminate and similar "troubles".

Features of shrinkage in a panel, brick and monolithic house

The process of shrinkage in houses made of different materials occurs in different ways.

Shrinkage of a panel house

Panel houses are assembled from factory reinforced concrete structures. During their production, tolerances for assembly seams are initially laid down. Shrinkage of a panel house is the longest. Cracks are most often formed along the inter-plate seams. The period of completion of the main shrinkage is 2-3 years. In practice, this stage is sometimes delayed for an indefinite period.

Shrinkage in monolithic-frame buildings

Monolithic-frame houses are a cast concrete seamless structure with brick or panel cladding. The small thickness of walls and floors reduces the total mass of a monolithic house, which reduces the time for foundation shrinkage and evenly distributes the load. With strict observance of construction technology, the period of completion of the main shrinkage is about 1 year, the most minimal.

Shrinkage of a brick house

Since a brick house is heavy, this always dictates special requirements for the foundation, which must withstand a significant load. As in a monolith, in a brick house there are no seams between the panels. If the technology is broken, cracks can appear not only at the corners and joints, but also have a diagonal direction. Shrinkage of a brick house occurs unevenly and can last up to 5-6 years.

From house shrinkage to apartment finishing

In general, for the first time it is better to limit yourself to a democratic "cosmetic" repair.

Well, if you are still starting a repair "from the needle", turning to the services of professional specialists will help reduce the risks. Experienced craftsmen-finishers know how to minimize the effects of house shrinkage. For example, they may recommend more elastic materials that can withstand minor changes in the geometry of surfaces: non-woven or liquid wallpaper, special plasters, vinyl tiles, stretch ceilings, etc. True, the cost of such a "gutta-percha" finish will cost more.

And one more "but": no matter how reliable the materials you paid for, an honest contractor, in all honesty, will still not vouch for the quality of the finish in the new building.

Given the timing and consequences of house shrinkage, the purchase of an apartment with a finish from the developer, as a rule, will also require investments in new repairs in a few years. But when the house shrinkage process is over, it will be possible to use more expensive and high-quality finishing materials without fear.

Coordinates of companies offering professional services for the repair and decoration of apartments, offices, you will find in the section of the Catalog of building products and services "Construction and repair"

Sourced from the Internet

Need to urgently get a shirt, sweater or dress down a size or two? This need may arise for various reasons. Sometimes a thing stretches during wear or is bought in a size larger than necessary, or the owner of a beautiful sweater has lost weight, but does not want to part with her favorite thing. Then the solution of the problem arises: how to make the thing sit down after home washing. After all, baggy things suit few people, especially if the figure is slender and you want to demonstrate it on the contrary.

Wool

If you need to plant a wool item, hand wash it with liquid agent.

The basic rule for wool knitwear is never soak it, things only stretch out from this.

How to wash knitwear so that they shrink

T-shirts in the process of wearing are often stretched out and lose their attractive appearance. What can be done to restore them? If they are properly tailored (and this is not always the case) - there are chances. Can help you reduce their volume washing machine.

Wash knitwear on the highest temperature and spin speed.
Another method involves dipping a T-shirt in boiling water without washing it. After lying in it for 5 minutes, the product will decrease by one size; staying for 15 minutes will reduce the thing by one and a half to two sizes.

High water temperatures can encourage shedding. If you do not want to risk color, wash the item as required by its label. And for shrinkage, use an electric dryer.

How to shrink cotton clothes

We reduce linen things in size.

Linen is a natural fiber and the shrinkage process is similar to cotton. Use 90° hot water and a gentle setting in the machine, or soak the item in a basin for a while at this temperature.
Do not use washing powder with chlorine in the composition - this substance is detrimental to linen. Rinse off the remaining product in cool water. After such a wash, your linen item will sit down one size.

How to make synthetic outfits sit down.

For synthetics to shrink, things need to be dried in a washing machine.

Not every synthetic fabric shrinks. You will not be able to plant products made of acrylic, lycra and spandex. It will be possible to solve the problem with a decrease in size only by altering things. Small size by washing can only be purchased products from polyester And nylon. To do this, wash them with your hands in cold water.
The subsequent drying in a washing machine or on a battery can further provoke the shrinkage of these fabrics.

We reduce the outfit made of silk.

Silk fiber does not tolerate too high temperatures. Wash silk items by hand in warm water. Even from this they will sit down a little. You can dry it outdoors or at room temperature.

Do not hang silk linen on the radiator for drying, it can be permanently deformed.

Additional ways to shrink things

The drying method can also affect the size of woolen items. A woolen thing can sit down if it is dried after a normal wash on a hot battery.

To shrink a piece of cotton clothing, such as a jacket, heat the iron, set the steam output to maximum and process the entire product.

Shrinkage methods for other things are based on exposure to high temperatures and a contrast washing mode.

Are there any special fabric shrinkage products?

Alas, but the means that allow things to decrease when they are used, you will not find on sale. So, one way or another, you will have to resort to various washing options. In weaving mills, the fabric is subjected to forced shrinkage on shrink machines (decathing) so that it shrinks less in the future, or it is treated with anti-shrink chemicals and resins.

The ability of a fabric to shrink refers to defects in the fabric, and not vice versa, therefore, industrial means for influencing the fabric in this direction are not produced. A shrunken piece of clothing can more often upset than please.

Well, if you have lost weight, and it’s a pity to part with your favorite things, change them. If there are a lot of such things, it is better to give them to the studio, in the hands of professional tailors. In extreme cases, put your clothes in a wardrobe for storage. Who knows, you might still need it.

The method of monolithic construction came to the economy class from a more expensive sector of the industry. Among potential home buyers there is a bike that monolithic houses are better than panel ones. To a reasonable question “Why?”, everyone just shrug their shoulders. “Everyone thinks so,” is their main argument. Let's put everything on the shelves, which houses are better, monolithic or panel.

Which house is better, monolith or panel?

First, let's figure out what a monolithic house means. This is a building constructed by pouring a concrete mixture into a prepared formwork, inside of which a reinforcing cage is located. In this case, each subsequent element is connected to the previous one without connecting seams.

There is also another concept. Brick-monolithic house - what is it? The difference between a brick-monolithic house and a simply monolithic one is that in the first type of building, the outer walls of the building are additionally lined with bricks.

Let's go through the main properties that characterize housing construction.

Price. For a potential buyer, this characteristic is the most important when choosing the type of house. And the "panel" here stands out from the best side. And even if the cost of a monolithic house does not differ much from the cost of a panel house, then at the stage of repairing and finishing an apartment, the future owner of a “monolithic” living space will have to spend a considerable amount.

Speed. Panel houses are built almost 3 times faster than monolithic ones.

The panel house, in fact, is created at the factory, and is transported in parts to the construction site. Monolithic is being built directly on the construction site. Here, the speed of construction is influenced by many external factors. Weather conditions play a significant role here. For example, at negative temperatures, concrete does not set at all, and therefore construction becomes impossible. It is necessary either to heat up the concrete mixture, which reduces its quality, or to introduce special antifreeze additives, which significantly affects the cost, or to freeze the construction during the cold period, which increases the construction time.

Appearance. Here, on this point, monolithic housing construction occupies a leading position. "Monolith" does not limit the imagination of architects both in choosing a facade solution and in planning apartments.

Panel houses are characterized by the uniformity of forms, patterned facades and standard planning solutions. Apartments in a panel building, mainly one- and two-room apartments, are small in size and have a boring layout.

Shrinkage. The question of whether a monolithic house sits down is relevant for many potential apartment owners. After all, experts often advise not to immediately make serious repairs in a new building, but to wait a year or two, because due to shrinkage of the house, freshly laid tiles can crack and fall off, drywall will also crack, and plaster will begin to crumble in pieces.

Lifetime. Due to the minimum possible number of joints and uniform distribution of the load on the foundation, the service life of monolithic houses is much longer than panel ones. The service life of a structure made of a monolith reaches 100-140 years, subject to the technological requirements during the construction of the building. The service life of the "panel" is limited to 30-40 years.

In order for you to form an objective opinion, we will determine which house is better, a monolith or a brick.

Which house is better, monolithic or brick

Construction time. Due to the greater complexity of the process, a brick house is built longer.

Appearance. Both types of houses offer freedom of design ideas.

Shrinkage. A monolithic house shrinks evenly, which is almost imperceptible to ordinary people, while a brick house shrinks quite strongly.

To summarize all of the above, we will briefly indicate what are the pros and cons of a monolithic house.

Monolithic house - pros and cons

Advantages of a monolithic house

Sufficiently high construction speed.

Small shrinkage.

Light weight. Due to improved technology, the required thickness of the outer walls is reduced.

Uniform distribution of the load on the foundation.

High strength. Achieved by minimizing the number of butt joints.

Free layout of apartments.

Increased living space by reducing wall thickness.

Long service life.

High seismic resistance.

Cons of a monolithic house

Price. Compared to a panel house, material costs are 10-15% higher.

Influence of weather conditions. Since the creation of building elements is carried out directly at the construction site, the air temperature significantly affects the quality of the structures being created and the construction time.

Importance of exact observance of correctness of technological processes. Good heat and sound insulation, high strength of the building and its durability are achieved only with the proper level of control over all operations.

The need for high-quality compaction of the poured mixture.

Reinforced concrete walls imply the need for insulation.

Soundproofing is also poor in monolithic structures.

FAQ

Is it possible to demolish walls in a monolithic house?

The owners usually receive an apartment in a monolithic house without internal partitions. In this case, the owner independently creates a layout for his living space. If there is a need to demolish the wall, it is worth remembering some rules.

There are 2 types of layouts: simple and complex. Simple redevelopments imply intervention only in non-load-bearing walls and structures, while complex ones, respectively, are characterized by a change in load-bearing walls.

Simple redevelopment can be done without prior approval. However, it should be noted that it is impossible to expand the bathroom and transfer plumbing outside the boundaries of the "wet zone".

If you want to expand the bathroom or move plumbing outside it, you need to create a project. Any design organization will help develop it. After all the work, it is necessary, again, to approve them.

Getting permission for complex redevelopment is not so easy. To do this, it is necessary to develop a project that necessarily includes drawings before and after changes and an explanatory note. You also need to arm yourself with the permission of the neighbors from above and below to explore their apartments.

Is it possible to ditch the ceiling in a monolithic house

Channels for engineering networks in a monolithic house are provided in advance. This is done so that by chasing or some other intervention, the structure is not weakened and the reinforcement is not exposed.

This dangerous operation can become a real threat to the life of not only your life, but the life of all residents of the house.
In this case, if it is necessary to change the location of the wiring, it is better not to ditch the ceiling, but to mask the cables with a layer of plaster.

Reviews of residents of monolithic houses

Kseniya
About a year ago we moved into a monolithic house. Before that, they lived in a panel. The main advantage is that the apartment is warm even in severe frosts. But the soundproofing is not happy. Even worse than it was in the old apartment.

Vladimir
I took an apartment in a brick-monolithic building. Appearance pleases the eye, lining and finishing - at a good level. The builders did not clamp down on high-quality insulation and sound insulation. It's strange that someone complains about the neighbors. Apparently, the whole point is how builders adhere to the norms and rules of technological processes.

Sergei
My team is in the finishing of new buildings. A year and a half ago, we rented an apartment in a turnkey monolithic house. The customer is satisfied, during this time nothing has fallen off, the ceiling is in place, etc. At the same time, a similar repair did not last even a month in a brick house. Tiles were falling in the kitchen. The owner blames us. But the house just gave such a shrinkage!

stroika-product.ru

The answer depends on which house you bought an apartment in.

Now they are building monolithic, monolithic-frame, prefabricated and brick houses.

The most reliable and resistant to shrinkage and cracking are monolithic reinforced concrete houses.

The most susceptible to deformation are brick houses.

Almost all new buildings are built on pile foundations, one of the most reliable and non-shrinking, with a large margin of safety. Foundations are calculated for maximum static and dynamic (horizontal and vertical) loads, and after that the result is multiplied by the load safety factor (GOST 27751-88), which reaches up to 1.5 under different conditions.

New buildings shrink slightly during the year - this period accounts for the maximum amount of apartment renovation.

For the most part, talk about large cracks and the laid tiles that have fallen off from the shrinkage of the house is a myth.

Now quite often in new buildings they install unified concrete sanitary cabins with separate or combined bathrooms, in the left or right version (in relation to the sewer riser). Such cabins are poured at the factory in a monolithic design, only the floor, in the form of a separate pallet, is welded from below to the walls. Such bathrooms are not subject to any deformation and shrinkage - you can safely lay tiles in them and not be afraid that it will fall off.

If your new building has just such a monolithic bathroom, no cracks will appear in it.

Almost always, such cabins are installed in prefabricated panel houses, less often in monolithic and monolithic frame houses, and in brick skyscrapers, sanitary rooms are mostly walled out of brick or plaster, slag, foam ... blocks.

You can start making repairs immediately after putting the house into operation, which, by the way, is what most residents do.

To avoid problems, you need to do the repair correctly:

do not violate the supporting structures of the house;
arrange screeds using damper tape and expansion joints;
ceilings to mount floating or stretch;
do not wrap the wallpaper in the inner corners of the rooms, but glue it end-to-end;
if the bathroom is not concrete, plastic or metal decorative corners should be used on the inner and outer corners.

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Advantages and disadvantages

The main advantage of this technology is the uniqueness of the building - a series of monolithic brick houses differ from each other, as they are made according to a special project. The buildings are expressive and individual in their architectural style. It seems that the house is completely made of brick, but it is used sparingly, due to which it significantly wins in the cost of construction (see also the article Brick-monolithic house - pros and cons from the tenant's point of view).

In the 1950s, preference was given to prefabricated construction in the USSR. Then they began to use brick, and in the 70s they began to massively build panel houses. And only in recent decades, the technology of building a monolithic brick house has become the most promising for developers.

The construction of a monolith is fundamentally different from a panel. Panel houses are folded like a constructor from cubes, and a monolith is a load-bearing frame of a house made of solid concrete.

The concrete skeleton of the building grows from floor to floor, it is poured using wooden or metal formwork. The formwork material does not affect the final strength of the structure, only the appearance of the concrete depends on it.

What is the difference between a monolithic house and a brick house?

Concrete does not give or absorb moisture, so it will be harder to breathe in such houses.
Due to the minimum of seams at the joints, heat loss and audibility are reduced in monolithic brick houses.
The price of building from a monolith is cheaper, and the durability and safety are higher.
Due to the high speed of construction, such houses are more attractive to equity holders.
Brick-monolithic construction allows, due to the frame, to increase the number of storeys of buildings several times, compared to ordinary houses.

Note! Brick-monolithic houses have one feature: the walls in them are self-supporting enclosing structures, and they should not transmit and receive the loads of other floors, except for their own weight and wind effects. The separation of concrete from internal power processes is usually performed by means of expansion joints.

Construction technology

If we talk about the technology of erecting modern multi-storey monolithic-brick houses, then a brief instruction for their construction will look like this:

A pit is dug out and the foundation is poured.
Then the reinforced concrete frame is erected, the formwork is poured. When the concrete hardens, the formwork is removed and new floors are made. Thus, floor by floor, the frame of the house is being built.
When the first 2-3 floors of the house are ready, the laying of wall partitions usually begins, for this they use red building bricks, single or double silicate brick M 150.
In parallel with the construction of new floors, all communications are carried out on ready-made ones: pipes, batteries, window blocks are installed, electricity is connected. This allows you to increase the speed of work, due to the division of labor - all builders can work simultaneously.

The video in this article will tell you how houses are built using monolithic-brick technology:

Problems of modern new buildings

Since brick walls are usually made multi-layered, with an inner layer, insulation and cladding, therefore, in order to maintain spatial rigidity and reliability of the structure, they are connected with a flexible connection using masonry mesh and reinforcement (see also the article Which house is better - monolithic, brick or panel. information for buyers).

If masons have little experience, they do not understand the importance of having technological seams and reinforcing masonry. The average builder thinks this is superfluous, and thinks that the floors should be held on to the brick walls. If you lay out the masonry without resting on a monolithic slab and seal the seams tightly with cement, the stone wall will be open, and after shrinkage of the supporting structures, the walls will begin to bend like an accordion and eventually crack.

The appearance of a large number of cracks will cause moisture from slanting rains to enter the walls, and then the bricks to bulge and the solution to be washed out. Such defects can lead to critical consequences, so it will be necessary to take comprehensive measures and bring defective structures to the design position.

Note! If the developer's warranty has not yet ended, in case of violation of the project and the requirements of SNiP, he must fix everything at his own expense. If the residents of the house do not respond in time to the appearance of such cracks by ordering an examination, then they will have to fix everything at their own expense.

In the photo you can see the result of technology violation:

Many buyers of such houses are concerned about the question of whether such a house shrinks, because the repairs made can be spoiled due to the appearance of cracks in the new building. It depends on several factors, including the developer.

Subject to the technology, shrinkage should be uniform and minimal, but the appearance of cracks is still possible in the first years after the delivery of the house.

Therefore, to prevent cracks during repairs, you can use several tricks:

For the screed, use high-quality sand concrete. For plasticity, you need to add a plasticizer, reinforcement to the solution, make expansion joints.
Even seamless tiles need to be glued indented using crosses.
For walls and ceilings you need to use fiberglass. Its use minimizes the appearance of cracks in the finish.
Parquet board can be laid on plywood instead of screed to create a floating structure.

Redevelopment of a brick-monolithic house

Due to the fact that all the walls are supported by columns, in such an apartment you can do almost any redevelopment, openings and arches in the walls.

It is only important to follow the general rules so that the layout of the apartments of a monolithic brick house is legal:

It is impossible to dismantle load-bearing supports, walls, beams, ventilation, wall up gas pipes and wiring, central heating risers into the wall.
To change the gasification and water supply systems, you must contact a special service.
You can not install a bathroom above the kitchen and living quarters of neighbors, remove fire-fighting devices. For the redevelopment of the bathroom, bathroom and kitchen, you need to get the consent of the neighbors.
Living rooms must be at least 9 m2, with a width of at least 2.25 m. A window and a radiator are required.
You cannot increase the utility area at the expense of living space, but you can increase the living area at the expense of the corridor.

Formwork types

A monolithic + brick-monolithic house can be built using two types of formwork:

Removable - reusable;
Removable - disposable.

Fixed formwork is suitable for both one-story and multi-story buildings, using scaffolding. To create it, the walls are made of wood-cement hollow slabs or expanded polystyrene.

They are attached in parallel and fixed with metal ties. Concrete is poured into the voids between the slabs, resulting in a wall of 3 layers.

Due to the monolithic construction, good sound and heat insulation properties are provided. Additionally, you can make facade insulation with polystyrene foam or min. cotton wool.

To build up such walls in height, special wire ties with an anti-corrosion coating are used. It is especially important to first lay communications, and then pour concrete.

Approximate price of 1 sq. m. walls 28 cm thick with fixed formwork made of expanded polystyrene:

Formwork = 800 rubles;
Reinforcement d8-10 mm10 kg (minimum for a low-rise building) = 200 rubles;
Concrete M200 (B15) - 0.153 m3 = 382 rubles, 5 rubles.

Total: 1382.5 rubles.

Removable formwork is most often made of steel, but wooden formwork is also suitable for small amounts of work. Reusable formwork is needed to create hollow blocks.

It is a metal box without a bottom, inside which 2 hollow boxes are inserted. Removable holders are used to fix the formwork.

A monolith made using this technology does not have the same insulating properties as with fixed formwork. To fix this, loose insulation, such as foam chips, is poured into the solution. The main advantage of this technology is the high speed of work, and the possibility of erecting blocks with your own hands right on the construction site.

Conclusion

The construction of monolithic houses has become popular due to the high speed of construction and low material costs (find out here how to cut a brick). However, in pursuit of speed, builders often hand over objects with gross violations of the project, which then causes problems for the residents.

klademkirpich.ru

Below are the responses received.

In your opinion, is it possible to start a full-fledged repair in a new apartment in the first year, immediately after receiving the keys?

Alexander Selin:

Denis Karimov:

Neighbors around were being repaired - left, right, bottom. It was noisy but tolerable. A year has passed: there was not a single crack in my apartment.

Vitaly Likhov

“This is a fairly global issue, and much depends on the specific situation.

In a panel house, the risk of cracks is much less than in monolithic-brick and brick houses. This is due to the design of the houses and the degree of their readiness.”

Konstantin Kukkoev

Is it possible to solve the problems associated with house shrinkage by choosing materials that are more resistant to deformation or special technologies?

Alexander Selin:

Denis Karimov:

Vitaly Likhov

Konstantin Kukkoev

If you use drywall, it is necessary to glue the joints between surfaces and metal structures with a special sealing tape that softens vibrations and prevents cracks.

We thank all the experts who took part in the preparation of the material.

ideas.vdolevke.ru

Hello neighbors!
I did not find a similar topic on the forum, if anything, just throw a link and slippers at me for anti-search skills. Despite the fact that we will receive the keys to the second stage ... certainly not tomorrow, we are still starting to think about repairs and other issues. There is little knowledge, and more and more questions. So I apologize in advance for the awkwardness of the story.

It is clear that rough repairs must be done immediately, efficiently and thoughtfully. And then the questions:

Fine finish:
1. Does it make sense to do high-quality repairs right away?
2. What is the probability and timing of house shrinkage?
Someone says that a year is enough, and for some the walls "crack" for 5-6 years. Someone has not even encountered shrinkage problems, while others say that only pros who can calculate% shrinkage will help out here. Is there any detailed information on the houses of our class?

If there is shrinkage, then:
1. Does it make sense to put tiles in the bath?
2. What floor to lay? Laminate, cork, or only linoleum will help for the first time?
3. Walls for painting also do not shine for us? What then? Wallpaper, panels?
4. Is the ceiling only stretch?
5. What other problems might arise?

There is an opinion that in new buildings the first repair should be budgetary, because the house shrinks after the tenants move in with belongings, furniture and other joys.

How are you planning?

Our life situation requires a speedy move and hence the new questions:

1. Assume that there will be shrinkage. Accordingly, do we make the most budgetary fine finish and save money for repeated repairs?
2. How to organize the fastest moving? So far, I see this option: rough finish in the entire apartment + fine finish in the kitchen, bathroom / toilet, corridor and 1 room. The remaining rooms are closed until better times and the accumulation of funds.
3. Quiet hours have already been discussed on the forum. Many people here are family and I want to believe that we will be able to agree on a day break.
4. Noise - you read stories about how neighbors three floors above sing songs and you get scared. Only additional noise insulation of the floor / ceiling / load-bearing walls? With our ceilings ... Really? Or is it not so scary?

I want to make a beautiful and cozy renovation for the family, but I really don’t want to repeat it in just a few years because of cracked walls, flying tiles, warped doors ...

Thanks in advance for your opinion!

forum.novie-snegiri.ru

Why is house shrinkage inevitable?

When to start renovations in a new apartment?

It is quite understandable that the owners want to start repairing the apartment immediately after the purchase. Especially if the housing is purchased with a rough finish. Living in such conditions is, of course, uncomfortable. But do not rush to invest heavily in the renovation of a new apartment. Builders say that ideally, a house with a rough finish should stand for at least two winters. Then you can hope that the consequences of the shrinkage of the foundation will go unnoticed by you.

And the actual consequences are the minimum displacement of walls and ceilings. They cannot be determined by eye, but it is quite possible by the deformations of the finish.

The most common weak point is bathroom tiles, which have a “bad habit” of pulling away from the base and cracking in the early years. Other areas of damage depend on the material and compliance with the technology of building a new house. Basically, these are cracks in the tile joints of bathrooms and in the kitchen, backlog of wallpaper, cracking of plaster and paint on walls and ceilings, subsidence of door and window openings, “wavy” parquet or laminate and similar “troubles”.