Plumbing no problem. Introduction
Plumbing, it would seem, does not give much reason to delve into the jungle of technologies, mechanisms, to engage in scrupulous calculations to build the most complex schemes. But such a vision is a superficial look at plumbing. The real plumbing industry is in no way inferior in terms of the complexity of the processes and, like many other industries, requires professional approach. In turn, professionalism is a solid store of knowledge on which plumbing is based. Let's plunge (albeit not too deeply) into the plumbing training stream in order to get one step closer to the professional status of a plumber.
The fundamental basis of modern hydraulics was formed when Blaise Pascal was able to discover that the action of fluid pressure is invariable in any direction. Action liquid pressure directed at right angles to the surface area.
If a measuring device (manometer) is placed under a layer of liquid at a certain depth and its sensitive element is directed in different directions, the pressure readings will remain unchanged in any position of the manometer.
That is, the pressure of the liquid does not depend on the change of direction. But the fluid pressure at each level depends on the depth parameter. If the pressure gauge is moved closer to the surface of the liquid, the reading will decrease.
Accordingly, when immersed, the measured readings will increase. Moreover, under conditions of doubling the depth, the pressure parameter will also double.
Pascal's law clearly demonstrates the effect of water pressure in the most familiar conditions for modern life.
Obviously, when speed becomes a factor, direction is taken into account. A force tied to speed must also have a direction. Therefore, Pascal's law, as such, does not apply to the dynamic power factors of a fluid flow.
The flow rate depends on many factors, including the layered separation of the liquid mass, as well as the resistance created by various factors. The dynamic factors of inertia and friction are linked to the static factors. Velocity head and pressure loss are related to the hydrostatic head of the liquid. However, a part of the velocity head can always be converted into static head.
The force that can be caused by pressure or head when working with liquids is necessary to start the movement of a body if it is at rest, and is present in one form or another when.
Therefore, whenever the velocity of the fluid is given, part of its initial static head is used to organize this speed, which in the future already exists as a thrust speed.
Volume and flow rate
The volume of liquid passing through a certain point at a given time is considered as the volume flow or flow rate. The flow volume is usually expressed in liters per minute (L/min) and is related to the relative pressure of the fluid. For example, 10 liters per minute at 2.7 atm.
The flow rate (fluid velocity) is defined as the average speed at which the fluid moves past a given point. Typically expressed in meters per second (m/s) or meters per minute (m/min). Flow rate is an important factor in sizing hydraulic lines.
Volume and fluid flow rate are traditionally considered "related" indicators. With the same amount of transmission, the speed may vary depending on the cross section of the passage Volume and flow rate are often considered simultaneously. Ceteris paribus (with the same input volume), the flow rate increases as the section or size of the pipe decreases, and the flow rate decreases as the section increases.
Thus, a slowdown in the flow rate is noted in the wide parts of the pipelines, and in narrow places, on the contrary, the speed increases. At the same time, the volume of water passing through each of these control points remains unchanged.
Bernoulli principle
The widely known Bernoulli principle is built on the logic that the rise (fall) in the pressure of a fluid fluid is always accompanied by a decrease (increase) in speed. Conversely, an increase (decrease) in fluid velocity leads to a decrease (increase) in pressure.
This principle is the basis of a number of familiar plumbing phenomena. As a trivial example, Bernoulli's principle is "guilty" of causing the shower curtain to "pull in" when the user turns on the water.
The difference in pressure outside and inside causes a force on the shower curtain. With this force, the curtain is pulled inward.
Other good example is a spray bottle of perfume when an area is created low pressure due to high air speed. Air carries liquid with it.
Bernoulli's principle for an aircraft wing: 1 - low pressure; 2 - high pressure; 3 - fast flow; 4 - slow flow; 5 - wing Bernoulli's principle also shows why windows in a house tend to spontaneously break in hurricanes. In such cases, the extremely high speed of the air outside the window causes the pressure outside to become much less than the pressure inside, where the air remains virtually motionless.
The significant difference in force simply pushes the windows outward, causing the glass to break. So when it comes strong hurricane Basically, you should open the windows as wide as possible to equalize the pressure inside and outside the building.
And a couple more examples when the Bernoulli principle works: the rise of an airplane with the subsequent flight due to the wings and the movement of “curved balls” in baseball.
In both cases, a difference in the speed of air passing past the object from above and below is created. For aircraft wings, the difference in speed is created by the movement of the flaps, in baseball, by the presence of a wavy edge.
home plumbing practice
How to design and make plumbing that would meet all our requirements
Dmitry BelkinPlumbing no problem. Introduction
Modern housing is hard to imagine without running water. Moreover, time goes by, progress does not stand still, and plumbing systems are being improved. Appear latest systems plumbing equipment, which not only allow you to get water "with bubbles", which is very pleasant, but also significantly save water. And saving water in modern cottage- Oh, how last thing. By saving water, we save our money on repairs pumping equipment, on electricity, on cleaning a septic tank and, most importantly, by saving water, we save our planet, and non-compliance with environmental standards is a mortal sin according to the most modern moral, ethical and religious standards.
In order for the plumbing in our house to fully meet all modern requirements, we need to achieve the following characteristics from it. Water should flow evenly, that is, there should not be strong pressure drops. It should not make noise in the pipes, should not contain air and foreign matter that can break our modern ceramic valves and other devices. Water must be in pipes under a certain pressure. The minimum of this pressure is 1.5 atmospheres. This is the minimum that allows modern washing machines and dishwashers to work. However, since this is the second version of the article, we can say that the specified minimum is conditional. At least for a large number of readers who are willing to sacrifice their comfort, washing machines work with less pressure, which I received quite a large number of reproachful letters. Question from dishwashers remains open, since in my memory none of the readers with low-pressure water pipes used dishwashers.
Do not forget about the second main technical characteristic of the water supply (the first is pressure). This is water consumption. We need to be sure that we can take a shower while the kitchen is washing dishes, and if there are 2 bathrooms in the house, then it should not turn out that only one can be used, and the second does not have enough water. Fortunately, modern pumping stations allow you to design a water supply system taking into account both the most important characteristics, i.e. pressure and water flow.
Since ancient times, water towers have been used to create aqueducts. I've always liked them. They look beautiful and powerful. They are visible from afar. I think everyone should like them, especially ladies, because they are phallic symbols, and the phallus is the personification of a bright beginning, strength and masculinity. But something I digress ... The meaning and purpose of the water tower is not at all to arouse all the best feelings in people, although this is also important, but to create sufficient pressure in the water supply. Pressure is measured in atmospheres. If we raise the water to a height of 10 meters and let it flow down, then at ground level the weight of the water column will just create a pressure equal to one atmosphere. Five storey house has a height from the ground of 15-16 meters. Thus, a five-story building high water tower will create a pressure of 1.5 atmospheres at ground level. If you connect the tower to a five-story building, then we can say that the inhabitants of the first floor will have the same specified pressure of 1.5 atmospheres. Residents of the second floor will have less pressure. If the height of the water column is 15 meters, the level of the valve on the second floor is, say, 3.5 meters from the ground, then the pressure in it will be 15-3.5 = 11.5 meters of water column, or 1.15 atmospheres. Residents of the fifth floor will not have pressure in the water supply at all! They can be congratulated on this. Let them go to wash with friends on the first and second floors.
Obviously, to get a pressure of 4 atmospheres, you need to build a water tower 40 meters high, which is approximately the height of a house of 13 floors, and it does not matter at all what capacity is on top of our super tall tower. You can even drag a 60-ton railway tank there, and the pressure will remain exactly 4 atmospheres. Needless to say, the task of building a water tower 40 meters high is very difficult and costly. It is absolutely unprofitable to build such a tower and therefore they are not built. Well, thank God, although the phallus is as high as a 13-storey building ... it's impressive.
The story about water towers is banal and therefore useless. The information is clear and known to everyone. I hope it at least amuses the readers. It is clear that modern plumbing pump much more profitable and reliable than a water tower. But we will talk about pumps in the next articles of the cycle.
water pressure
AT technical specifications pressure can be indicated not only in atmospheres, but also in meters. As follows from the above, these terms (atmospheres and meters) are easily translated into each other and can be considered the same. Note that we mean meters of water column.
Other pressure symbols can be found on various equipment. Here small review units that can be found on nameplates.
| Designation | Name | Note |
|---|---|---|
| at | technical atmosphere | 1 at equals
Note that kgf / cm 2 and the technical atmosphere are one and the same. Moreover, in the previous presentation, it was precisely the technical atmosphere that was meant, because it is precisely it that is equal to 10 meters of water column |
| atm | physical atmosphere | 1 atm is equal to
Obviously, one physical atmosphere is a little more pressure than one technical atmosphere. |
| bar | Bar | 1 bar is equal to
The bar is a non-systemic unit of pressure. I'd say she's cool. Please note - 1 bar is approximately the average value between the technical and physical atmospheres. Therefore, 1 bar can replace, if necessary, both atmospheres. |
| MPa | Megapascal | 1 MPa
Often pressure gauges are graduated in MPa. It must be borne in mind that these units are not typical for plumbing in a private house, but rather for production needs. For our water supply, a pressure gauge with a measurement limit of 0.8 MPa is suitable |
If an abstract submersible pump raises water by 30 meters, then this means that it develops water pressure at the outlet, but not on the surface of the earth, exactly 3 atmospheres. If there is a well 10 meters deep, then when using the indicated pump, the water pressure on the earth's surface will be 2 atmospheres (technical), or another 20 meters of elevation.
Water consumption
Let's deal with water consumption now. It is measured in liters per hour. In order to get liters per minute from this characteristic, you need to divide the number by 60. Example. 6,000 liters per hour is 100 liters per minute, or 60 times less. The water flow should be pressure dependent. The higher the pressure, the greater the speed of the water in the pipes and the more water passes through the pipe section per unit time. That is, more pours out on the other side. However, everything is not so simple here. The speed depends on the cross section of the pipe, and the higher the speed and the smaller the cross section, the greater the resistance of the water moving in the pipes. The speed, therefore, cannot increase indefinitely. Suppose we have made a tiny hole in our pipe. We have the right to expect that water will flow out through this tiny hole with the first cosmic velocity, but this does not happen. The speed of the water, of course, grows, but not as much as we expected. Water resistance is shown. Thus, the characteristics of the pressure and water flow developed by the pump are most closely related to the design of the pump, the power of the pump motor, the cross section of the inlet and outlet pipes, the material from which all parts of the pump and pipe are made, and so on. All this I say to the fact that the characteristics of the pump, written on its nameplate, are generally approximate. They are unlikely to be larger, but it is very easy to reduce them. The relationship between pressure and water flow is not proportional. There are many factors that affect these characteristics. In the case of our submersible pump the deeper it is immersed in the well, the less consumption water on the surface. A graph that relates these values is usually given in the instructions for the pump.
The device of a household pumping station
For plumbing in a private house, you can create a house like a small water tower, namely, place a tank in the attic. Calculate for yourself how much pressure you get with this. For ordinary house it will be a little more than half the atmosphere, and even then at best. And this pressure will not increase if a larger tank is used.
Obviously get normal plumbing thus impossible. You can not suffer and use the so-called pumping station, which consists of a water pump, a pressure switch and a membrane tank. The pumping station is different in that it turns the pump on and off automatically. How do you know when it's time to turn on the water? Well, for example, use a pressure switch that turns on the pump when the pressure drops below a certain value, and turns it off when the pressure rises to another, but quite a certain value. However, the pump turns on abruptly, as a result of which the so-called water hammer occurs, which can seriously damage the entire plumbing system, including plumbing, pipes and the pump itself. In order to avoid a blow, a membrane tank, or a water accumulator, was invented.
That's what he is.
I have numbered the following:
- Tank body. Most often blue cold water), but it can also be red, optional for hot water.
- Inner tank made of food grade rubber
- Nipple. Just like in car tire
- Fitting for connection to the water supply. depends on the capacity of the tank.
- Air space. Pressurized air
- Water that is inside the rubber tank
- Water outlet to consumers
- Water inlet from the pump
Air is between the metal walls of the tank and the membrane. In the absence of water, it is obvious that the membrane is crumpled and pressed against the flange in which the water inlet is located. Water enters the tank under pressure. The membrane expands and occupies space inside the tank. Air, which already under pressure resists the expansion of the water tank. At some point, the pressure of water in the membrane and air between the membrane and the tank is balanced and the flow of water into the tank stops. Theoretically, the water pressure in the water supply should reach the required value and the pump motor should turn off a little before the moment of balancing the air and water pressures.
To smooth out water hammer, we need a very small tank and it is completely unnecessary for it to be filled at all. However, in practice, the owners prefer to use tanks of considerable capacity. The tank capacity can be 50 or 100 liters and so on up to half a ton. The fact is that in this case the effect of water accumulation is used. In other words, the pump runs longer than we need to wash. But then the motor rests longer. It is believed that the motor deteriorates not from the time of operation, but from the number of on and off. The use of a storage tank allows the pump to turn on for much longer periods of time and not respond to short-term water flows.
The accumulation of water is very useful and not only for extending the life of the pump. There was a time when I took a shower and the electricity was turned off. The water in the tank was enough for me to wash off the soap. That is, I had enough water that accumulated in the tank.
A 60 liter membrane tank cannot contain 60 liters of water. Let's not forget about the air between the membrane and the walls of the tank. By changing the air pressure, finely tuning it, you can ensure that a certain maximum amount of water will be in the tank. In addition, nothing prevents you from connecting tanks in parallel to each other in any quantity.
The tanks are virtually maintenance free. They need to be pumped up about once a year with a regular car pump.
In addition to the pressure switch, which turns on the pump when the pressure drops to a certain value and turns it off when it rises (response to pressure), there is also the so-called pressure automation. It has a different principle and is designed for a slightly different class of water consumers. Such automation also turns on the pump when the pressure in the system drops to a certain value, but the pump is turned off not when the pressure is reached, but when the fluid flow through the automation stops, and even with a delay. In other words, the automation will turn on the motor as soon as you open the tap. Then you turn off the faucet. The pump will work for some time after that, waiting for you to change your mind and open the tap again, and then, apparently realizing that you are not going to open the tap anymore, it will turn off. What is the difference between pressure switch and automation? Obviously, turning on the pump with automation can be more frequent than with a pressure switch and storage tank. This is the most significant point. The fact is that if the pump will turn on, say, once every 2 minutes, work for 30 seconds and turn off, then it is better that it works constantly without turning off. So the motor of the goals will be, and perhaps less electricity will be spent, because the moment of switching on induction motor similar in action to short circuit. The use of automation is suitable when a low-performance pump is used or the pump is used for irrigation. In both cases, the relay will give fairly frequent on-off, which is bad.
No one forbids the use of automatic pressure in a system with a membrane tank. In addition, the cost of automation is not much more than the cost of a good pressure switch.
What is not written in books
Firstly, books do not write about the principle of operation of automatic pressure. So let's read it and enjoy.
Secondly, no one writes in books about the quality of pressure switches and expansion tanks. cheap expansion tanks very thin rubber membranes are used. I was surprised to find that these membrane tanks water hits the membrane, which, as already mentioned, is crumpled and pressed to the place where water enters from, and at the first turn on, it tears off the bottom of the membrane. Completely! Without the possibility of gluing. What to do? Hard to say. My first thought was to go and buy a tank of excellent and proven personal experience Italian firm ZILMET. But it's still scary. Such a tank costs 3 times more than a domestic one of the same volume. Risk can turn into loss big money. On the other hand, you can put a ball valve in front of the tank, but not on the tank itself, but at a distance, and open it very carefully when you turn it on for the first time in order to limit the water jet. And then, after filling the tank, open and keep open. The point is that the water from the membrane will not pour out completely and the water that remains in the membrane does not allow the aqua impact to break this membrane.
Thirdly, cheap pressure switches, as it turned out, "in a big debt." When creating my plumbing, I did not focus on the fact that I have an Italian pressure switch. It worked faithfully for 10 years and rotted. I replaced it with cheap option. Literally two weeks later it hung and the motor ran all night, but I didn’t hear it. Now I'm looking for Italian and German samples at a normal price. Found an Italian relay FSG-2. Let's see how it will serve.
Time has passed (about a year), and I am adding the result. The relay turned out to be good, just wonderful. It worked for a year and the switching pressure began to float away into sky-high distances. Began to regulate - does not help. The problem is the clogging of the membrane unit with rust from the pipes. About how the pressure switch is arranged and about how separate good and useful stories are written.
That's the whole article. By the way, this is the second edition and very seriously revised. Also corrected. Who read to the end - to that sincere respect and respect.
Daily questions about why pumps cannot suck liquid from a depth of more than 9 meters prompted me to write an article about this.
To start, a little history:
In 1640, in Italy, the Duke of Tuscany decided to arrange a fountain on the terrace of his palace. To supply water from the lake, a pipeline and a pump of great length were built, which had not yet been built before. But it turned out that the system did not work - the water in it rose only up to 10.3 m above the level of the reservoir.
No one could explain what was the matter, until the student of Galileo - E. Toricelli suggested that the water in the system rises under the influence of the gravity of the atmosphere, which presses on the surface of the lake. A column of water 10.3 m high exactly balances this pressure, and therefore the water does not rise higher. Toricelli took a glass tube with one end sealed and the other open and filled it with mercury. Then he closed the hole with his finger and, turning the tube over, lowered its open end into a vessel filled with mercury. The mercury did not spill out of the tube, but only sank a little.
The column of mercury in the tube was set at a height of 760 mm above the surface of the mercury in the vessel. The weight of a mercury column with a cross section of 1 cm2 is 1.033 kg, i.e., exactly equal to the weight of a water column of the same cross section 10.3 m high. It is with this force that the atmosphere presses on every square centimeter of any surface, including the surface of our body.
In the same way, if in the experiment with mercury instead of it water is poured into the tube, then the water column will be 10.3 meters high. That is why they do not make water barometers, because. they would be too bulky.
The pressure of the liquid column (P) is equal to the product of the acceleration of gravity (g), the density of the liquid (ρ) and the height of the liquid column:
Atmospheric pressure at sea level (P) is assumed to be 1 kg/cm2 (100 kPa).
Note: The actual pressure is 1.033 kg/cm2.
The density of water at 20°C is 1000 kg/m3.
The free fall acceleration is 9.8 m/s2.
From this formula it can be seen that the lower the atmospheric pressure (P), the lower the liquid can rise (i.e., the higher above sea level, for example, in the mountains, the lower the pump can suck in).
Also from this formula it can be seen that the lower the density of the liquid, the more depth it can be pumped out, and vice versa, with a higher density, the suction depth will decrease.
For example, the same mercury ideal conditions, can be lifted from a height of no more than 760 mm.
I foresee the question: why did the calculations turn out to be a liquid column 10.3 m high, and the pumps suck in only from 9 meters?
The answer is quite simple:
- firstly, the calculation is performed under ideal conditions,
- secondly, any theory does not give absolutely exact values, because empirical formulas.
- and thirdly, there are always losses: in the suction line, in the pump, in the connections.
Those. it is not possible in ordinary water pumps to create a vacuum sufficient for the water to rise higher.
So, what conclusions can be drawn from all this:
1. The pump does not suck in liquid, but only creates a vacuum at its inlet (that is, it reduces atmospheric pressure in the suction line). Water is forced into the pump by atmospheric pressure.
2. Than more density liquid (for example, with a high content of sand in it), the lower the suction lift.
3. You can calculate the suction height (h) knowing what vacuum the pump creates and the density of the liquid using the formula:
h \u003d P / (ρ * g) - x,
where P is atmospheric pressure, is the density of the liquid. g is the free fall acceleration, x is the loss value (m).
Note: The formula can be used to calculate suction lift under normal conditions and temperatures up to +30°C.
I would also like to add that the suction lift (in the general case) depends on the viscosity of the liquid, the length and diameter of the pipeline and the temperature of the liquid.
For example, when the temperature of the liquid rises to +60°C, the suction lift is almost halved.
This is because the vapor pressure of the liquid increases.
Air bubbles are always present in any liquid.
I think everyone saw how, when boiling, small bubbles first appear, which then increase, and boiling occurs. Those. When boiling, the pressure in the air bubbles becomes greater than atmospheric pressure.
Saturated vapor pressure is the pressure in the bubbles.
Increasing the vapor pressure causes the liquid to boil at a lower pressure. And the pump just creates a reduced atmospheric pressure in the line.
Those. when absorbing liquid high temperature, there is a possibility of its boiling in the pipeline. And no pumps can suck up boiling liquid.
Here, in general, and all.
And the most interesting thing is that we all went through all this in a physics lesson while studying the topic “atmospheric pressure”.
But since you are reading this article, and learned something new, then you just "passed through" ;-)
No one thinks about the water pressure in the water supply until it reminds of itself: water flows from the tap, and it seems to flow well, but after a couple of minutes the flow already resembles a thin thread. Then the anxious tenants of high-rise buildings begin to find out from each other what happened to the water pressure and what it should be like under normal conditions.
How to measure the water pressure in the system
The question disappears if you have already installed manometer at the login. If not, then you need 5 minutes of time and the following useful things:
Manometer for water.
The union with a carving 1/2 inch.
Hose of suitable diameter.
Worm clamps.
Sanitary tape.
hose We put one end on the pressure gauge, the other on the fitting. Fixing clamps. We go to the bathroom. We unscrew the shower head and in its place we determine union. Repeatedly switch water between shower-faucet modes to expel an airlock. If the joints are leaking, then we wrap the connection sanitary tape. Ready. Take a look at the gauge and find out the pressure in the water supply.
Hose option universal. However, instead of a hose with clamps, you can use adapters with access to 1/2 inches. The required inlet adapter thread depends on the thread of the particular pressure gauge ( metric, 3/8 , 1/4 ).
Pressure units: conversion table of physical quantities
There are such physical quantities, directly or indirectly related to fluid pressure:
The size of the water column. Off-system unit of pressure measurement. Equal to the hydrostatic pressure of a water column 1 mm, rendered on flat base at water temperature 4 °C at normal density values. Used for hydraulic calculations.
Bar. Approximately equal to 1 -th atmosphere or 10 meters of water column. For example, for the smooth operation of the dishwasher and washing machines the water pressure needs to be 2 bar, and for the functioning of the jacuzzi - already 4 bar.
technical atmosphere. The zero point is taken as the value of atmospheric pressure at the level of the World Ocean. One atmosphere is equal to the pressure that occurs when a force is applied to 1 kg per area 1 cm².
Typically, pressure is measured in atmospheres or bars. These units differ in their meanings, but may well be equated to each other.
But there is also other units:
Pascal. Unit of measurement from the international system of units physical quantities (SI) pressure, familiar to many from the school physics course. 1 Pascal is the power 1 newton square in 1 m².
PSI. Pound per square inch. Actively used overseas, but in last years comes into use in our country. 1 PSI = 6894.75729 Pa(see table below). On automobile pressure gauges, the division scale is often marked in PSI.
Table unit conversion looks like that:
| Pascal(Pa, Pa) | Bar (bar, bar) | Technical atmosphere (at, at) | Millimeter of mercury (mm Hg, mm Hg, Torr, Torr) | Water column meter (m water column, m H 2 O) | Pound-force per sq. inch (psi) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Pa | 1 N/m 2 | 10 −5 | 10.197×10 −6 | 7.5006×10 −3 | 1.0197×10 −4 | 145.04×10 −6 |
| 1 bar | 10 5 | 1 × 10 6 dynes / cm 2 | 1,0197 | 750,06 | 10,197 | 14,504 |
| 1 atm | 98066,5 | 0,980665 | 1 kgf / cm 2 | 735,56 | 10 | 14,223 |
| 1 atm | 101325 | 1,01325 | 1,033 | 760 | 10,33 | 14,696 |
| 1 mmHg Art. | 133,322 | 1.3332×10 −3 | 1.3595×10 −3 | 1 mmHg Art. | 13.595×10 −3 | 19.337×10 −3 |
| 1 m water Art. | 9806,65 | 9.80665×10 −2 | 0,1 | 73,556 | 1 m water Art. | 1,4223 |
| 1psi | 6894,76 | 68.948×10 −3 | 70.307×10 −3 | 51,715 | 0,70307 | 1lbf/in2 |
According to SNiP and Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On the procedure for providing utilities citizens", admissible upper the pressure value in the water supply system must not exceed 6 atmosphere bottom- at least 0,2 atmosphere. More pressure can break old pipes, and less pressure will not work and the faucet will not work.
Optimal The water pressure in the plumbing must be such that each apartment regardless of the height. Acceptable conditions are when you can simultaneously use several water intake points. For example, take a shower and wash vegetables in the kitchen.
water pressure when entering the internal network each apartment should be from 0,3 before 4,5 atmosphere, or bar, for hot water, and from 0,3 before 6,0 atmospheres for cold.
Low water pressure in the plumbing causes inconvenience when using many household appliances and does not allow you to make water procedures using the shower.
low pressure, or weak pressure water, in the vernacular, may arise in the plumbing system in the following cases:
Increased water intake on the line. This is observed to a greater extent in summer and autumn, when the time begins horticultural work and stockpiling for the winter, since some townspeople, especially in the provinces, can have land allotments directly in the yards apartment buildings.
Pump failure. At the distribution station, the pump may fail, as a result, the rate of water supply will decrease many times over.
Lack of electricity at the pumping station. Surely residents of apartment buildings have noticed that when the electricity is turned off, water also stops being supplied.
blockage water pipes . It is possible that scale and other debris got into the system, clogging the internal section.
Water leak. Due to a pipeline rupture, the pressure in the system drops sharply and is not restored until the accident is eliminated.
Multiple problems at the same time. Misfortune never comes alone. Reasons can intersect at the most inopportune moment.
summer residents can solve the problem of low pressure in the water supply pretty simple: using various pumping stations or use of autonomous water supply.
Residents multi-storey houses will have to work hard. For this it is necessary drafting a collective letter to the managing organization with the requirement to provide services in the proper form in accordance with the contract, and the requirement to recalculate payment for a poor-quality service.
For paperwork, you need to officially record water pressure in this line.
Increase the water pressure in a single apartment maybe so:
Contact the ZhEK or DEZ or HOA and the managing organization. As practice shows, it is still worth doing collectively. This will increase the chances of a timely resolution of the issue. In the absence of assistance from government agencies you should try to increase the water pressure in the apartment yourself
Install self-priming pump. However, he will take all the water from the riser, thereby depriving the residents of the lower and upper floors.
Install the pump. The device is able to increase the pressure in the system.
Install storage capacity . It can be connected to Appliances as the pressure rises. Though not much.
Last option especially suitable for residents of high-rise buildings in areas with water shutdowns according to a set clear schedule. This equipment works in automatic mode.
Before on one's own increase the water pressure in the plumbing special devices, we recommend trying to solve this problem "peacefully". As a rule, this gives a result.
