Boilers on gas for apartment buildings. The apartment building is heated by its own gas boiler

An important factor when choosing an apartment in a multi-storey building is the ability to save on heating and hot water supply (DHW). There is an opinion that the use of an individual boiler plant significantly reduces utility costs. In this article, we will consider why developers are building autonomous boiler houses, what this heating system is, and how profitable and safe it is for residents.

Disadvantages of a district heating system

Today in Russia, the vast majority of residential buildings, hospitals, kindergartens and office buildings use a centralized heat supply system and hot water supply from district heating plants (RTS), combined heat and power plants (CHP) or large boiler houses.

It's no secret that the state of both the CHPPs themselves and municipal boiler houses, as well as heating systems, leaves much to be desired, and in some cities it is close to catastrophic. Deterioration of heating mains, irrational use of capacities, high energy costs of obsolete equipment, frequent accidents and repairs lead to the fact that consumers are forced to pay for huge heat losses (up to 20% of consumption), depreciation of networks and labor costs for maintenance personnel.

In addition, residents of houses connected to the central heating system depend on the beginning and end of the heating season adopted by the city administration, regardless of the temperature in the room. This fact forces us to use household heaters in the fall, which leads to an increase in electricity bills, and to turn off the batteries in the spring, continuing to pay receipts with extortionate amounts for heating.

Preventive shutdown of hot water in the summer for a period of two weeks is also associated with a large number of facilities connected to one CHP or boiler house, where diagnostic or repair work is underway.

Often in apartments on the upper floors, the quality of heating and hot water is reduced due to the insufficiently high temperature of the water in the pipes.

These disadvantages have led to the fact that developers are increasingly building block (modular) boiler houses for heat supply to residential complexes and even individual apartment buildings.

The reasons prompting the developer to choose an autonomous heating system for the house:

• Insecurity of the building site with engineering infrastructure,
• The remoteness of the object from urban heating plants, but the presence of a gas pipeline nearby,
• Lack of capacity and inefficiency of the central heating system,
• Difficulty and/or high cost of coordination of technological connection to existing networks,
• The density of buildings in the central regions hinders the work on laying heating networks,
• The building area, free from heating mains, allows you to equip attractive recreation areas, parking spaces, playgrounds.

In addition, the presence of an individual boiler house is presented by developers as an additional advantage for potential customers and allows the facility to be positioned as a comfort-class housing.

What is a block boiler plant

Block boiler plants (BKU) are manufactured at the factory and delivered to the facility in an already assembled form, the so-called block modules. From the outside, it is a small one-story building, similar to a trailer made of sandwich panels, inside which the following components and systems are installed:

• hot water boiler, fuel combustion chamber, heat exchangers,
• pumps for water circulation in the system,
• equipment for water treatment and water treatment,
• flues, chimneys,
• gas equipment (when using gas),
• DHW circuit equipment (if any),
• automatic control and dispatching system, instrumentation.

By type of fuel consumed distinguish gas, solid and liquid fuel BKU. Combinations of several types of fuel are possible.
Gas boilers are most widely used due to their high efficiency (up to 95%), and they are also the most environmentally friendly. Coal, firewood, peat, pallets act as solid fuels, while liquid fuels are fuel oil, diesel fuel, waste oil.

By type of performance allocate the following modules of boiler installations:

• Freestanding are used, as a rule, for heat supply of several buildings and are located at a certain distance from them.
• Attached placed close to the end of the building.
• Rooftop located on the roof or technical floor of an apartment building.

The latter version is gaining popularity due to its technical and economic advantages, as well as the best safety and environmental performance.

Benefits of autonomous heating for residents

Savings on utilities compared to apartments of the same size, heated from the main networks, is at least 45%, and in some cases reaches 200 - 300%. This effect is the sum of several factors: no need to pay for heat losses, the cost of transporting the coolant, the cost of maintaining and repairing worn-out main networks, and the labor of workers.

The calculation of payment for heating and hot water becomes clear and understandable for the consumer. It consists of the physical volumes of resources actually consumed for heat production for the billing period, multiplied by the tariffs corresponding to each resource. The consumption of raw materials, namely gas (or other fuel), cold water and electricity, is confirmed by metering devices. The total cost is distributed among the owners in proportion to the area of ​​apartments and non-residential premises.

An additional advantage of having a home boiler house will be the independence of residents from the heating season schedule and scheduled hot water shutdowns adopted by the city authorities. The ability to independently quickly control the power of heat generation depending on the temperature outside the window allows you to use resources efficiently, saving on utility bills.

In terms of security, modern autonomous boiler plants are not inferior to centralized systems. Starting from design to commissioning, the process of creating a block boiler house is controlled by supervisory authorities. In addition, automatic security systems built into the control loop signal threats and block the operation of equipment in emergency situations. In the event of a breakdown, a backup boiler and pumps are provided.

According to the environmental parameters of emissions of exhaust gases into the atmosphere, a block boiler house is much safer than a thermal power plant, since the amount of pollution is an order of magnitude smaller, and if the roof is located, their dispersion improves.

The only drawback of an autonomous boiler room for apartment owners is the fact that it belongs to in-house engineering systems, that is, common house property. According to the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the repair and maintenance of such property is carried out at the expense of the owners of residential and non-residential premises. In practice, these needs are included in the tariff for the maintenance and repair of common property in an apartment building. But since the planned life of the equipment is designed for 25 years, the considerable cost of replacing and installing it is stretched over time and distributed over the area, ultimately remaining profitable for the apartment owner compared to a centralized heating system.

Autonomous boiler house in an apartment building - benefits for residents
Autonomous boiler house in an apartment building - benefits for residents An important factor when choosing an apartment in a multi-storey building is the ability to save on heating and hot water supply (DHW).

Advantages and disadvantages of a mini-boiler house in an apartment building

Energy resources are becoming more expensive - this is a fact, therefore, the issue of saving energy resources has become especially acute in recent times. This also applies to the heating systems of apartment buildings. The cost directly depends on the method of supplying heat to residents, of which there are currently two: centralized and autonomous.

Mini-boiler room in an apartment building and its advantages

If everything is more or less clear with centralized heating, then with autonomous heating - not quite. Of course, in addition to the advantages, mini-boiler rooms in apartment buildings have a number of disadvantages. Let's look at the issue one by one.

By her own an autonomous boiler room for a residential high-rise building is a separate room, in which equipment of such power is installed, which is enough to provide heat and hot water supply to the whole house.

Advantages

1. A shorter "path" from the generator to the consumer. Heat is less wasted along the way, because the distance itself from the mini-boiler house to the apartment building decreases.
2. The distance is shorter, which means that the consumer receives heat faster.
3. Mini-boilers are a relatively new thing: they are not as worn out as centralized heating mains, they require fewer resources for maintenance and repair.
4. The cost of such a boiler house is much lower just because of the previous three points.
5. We can say that the main and main advantage of a mini-boiler house in an apartment building is its proximity to a heated facility. In addition, turning on / off the heating can be adjusted to the actual air temperature outside the window, and not to accepted standards.
6. Another "plus" is the absence of the need to obtain numerous permits for tapping into centralized heating networks. Often the process is delayed, and tenants are not able to move into the purchased housing in a timely manner.

disadvantages

Let's talk about the disadvantages of such systems.

1. An autonomous mini-boiler room must be placed in a separate room: it is located in the immediate vicinity of the object, sometimes in the form of a stationary building, sometimes in the form of an extension.
2. Cleaning systems need to be considered. Any boiler room in one way or another pollutes the environment, which is unacceptable for the courtyards of residential buildings. Therefore, it must be equipped with cleaning systems in accordance with the rules and regulations. This increases the cost of construction.
3. The high cost associated with the low prevalence of autonomous boiler houses - they have not yet been put on stream. Therefore, not all developers can afford them.

However, modern engineering solutions can eliminate some of the shortcomings. For example, an autonomous boiler room can be installed on the roof if the building complies with the standards prescribed in SNiP. It is good if the roof boiler house is included in the project at the construction stage.

Do you need a reliable project for an autonomous mini-boiler house for an apartment building? Fill out the questionnaire in "AllianceTeplo" - we will help with the design and construction of a boiler room of any kind.

Advantages and disadvantages of a mini-boiler room in an apartment building
Check out the materials on the topic "Advantages and disadvantages of a mini-boiler house in an apartment building" provided by Alyansteplo.

January, and with it winter, has passed for half. But in our climate it is necessary to heat houses both in spring and autumn, and hot water is generally needed all year round. And I would like to receive heat and hot water at minimal cost. Desirable - reducing to zero losses on heating mains. We talked about individual boilers in the article “How to avoid problems with installing autonomous heating in an apartment?”. Now let's discuss the advantages and disadvantages of another option for the reconstruction of the heating system - rooftop boilers.

A rooftop boiler house is an autonomous source of heating designed to heat and provide hot water to residential buildings. As the name implies, it is erected on the roof of the building, in a specially equipped room. We will not consider stationary roof boilers here. They are constructed at the construction stage of the building, are linked to it in terms of design and infrastructure, so local and regional authorities do not have any questions about them. However, it can be recommended to build stationary rooftop boiler houses with a shortage of thermal power in the built-up microdistrict.

But block-modular roof boiler rooms are purchased for an already finished building. The block-modular boiler house is manufactured to the required parameters, assembled by the supplier, transported to the place of installation and commissioning in a ready-made form, provided with a company guarantee. Its connection to heating networks takes an extremely short time. Another very interesting and useful property of block-modular roof boilers: their heating point can be located not only in the boiler room itself, but also in the basement of the consumer building, on the basement or on the first floor.

The heat point consists of elements of thermal power plants that ensure the connection of these plants to the heating network, their operability, control of heat consumption modes, transformation, regulation of coolant parameters and distribution of the coolant by type of consumer. It transfers hot water to heating systems, to the hot water supply system. It also supplies heat to the ventilation system of a residential building (without which, say, the elementary pipes of garbage chutes would turn into a source of an extremely unpleasant odor, and icy winds would whistle along the risers in the bathrooms).

But why is it so important that in the case of a block-modular boiler house, it can be placed in the basement of the consumer building, as well as on the basement or on the first floor? Yes, because it makes it possible to link the block-modular roof boiler room with the heating, hot water supply and ventilation systems available in the house. Risers, wiring, heating devices - all this will remain in place. Noisy pumps will also remain in the basement or basement, driving water up. At the same time, the block-modular roof boiler house operating on gas is in fact a huge individual heating boiler, this gives us the opportunity to formulate its advantages.

First of all, it eliminates losses on the heating main, which will reduce current heating costs due to saving resources, eliminate the risks of being left without heat and hot water in the event of a communication break. If the capacity of centralized boiler houses in the microdistrict is not enough to ensure the proper parameters of the coolant in cold weather, it will provide the house with heat in any conditions. These are its advantages, common with individual heating boilers.

The second group of advantages distinguishes it for the better from individual boilers. Well, the most important thing is the ability to preserve the very wiring that was originally laid by the builders of the house. After all, having hung a heating boiler in the kitchen or in the hallway, we will be forced to lead pipes to it from batteries located throughout the apartment (previously, batteries were powered from vertical risers, and horizontal connections to them ran through attics and basements). So the house is switching to individual boilers - each apartment will inevitably undergo significant repairs, which may not be at all in the plans and financial capabilities of the residents). And in the case of a roof boiler room, these unpleasant troubles can be avoided.

The third group of virtues is associated with exploitation. Unlike a gas column that worked in a short-term mode, an individual heating boiler during the heating period, seven months in our latitudes, burns constantly. It is, of course, automated. But still, it’s good if a large family lives in the apartment and someone makes sure that the younger ones do not get to the boiler with a set of screwdrivers.

On the other hand, the flexibility of an individual heating boiler is, of course, higher than in the case of a centralized modular roof boiler. You can start it in heating mode and just on a too cool and wet summer day - in the case of a rooftop boiler, a decision by the house council or a similar body will be needed.

The answer to this question will give you economics. First of all, it must be borne in mind that the transition of the house to individual boilers, and the installation of rooftop boilers, although it increases the comfort of living, and in the long run gives savings on bills for heating and hot water supply, but is associated with the need for capital investments. If the residents of the house who want to improve the situation with heat supply do not have free funds, then it is better to forget about this option and limit yourself to standard heat saving measures.

If there is a financial opportunity, and especially if it coincided with a major overhaul by a regional operator or the accumulation of any clear funds on a special account at home, you can think about installing a roof boiler. Their prices start from 1.5 million rubles for a boiler house with a capacity of 200 kW and from 3.5 million rubles for a boiler house with a capacity of 1000 kW. Considering that an average of 100 W is needed per square meter, this makes it possible to heat houses with a total area of ​​2000 sq.m. and 10000 sq.m. respectively. As you can see, power is growing faster than price.

These are not the only costs. The roof boiler room cannot be mounted on the floor slabs under which the living space is located - that is, in the absence of a technical floor, it will have to be erected on part of the roof. Under the roof boiler house there must be waterproofing with a layer thickness of at least 100 mm, and reliable drainage systems. With a building height above 26.5 m (above the standard nine-story building), additional approvals from the fire services will be required. But the guidelines can be given something like this.

For houses with 36 apartments or less, it will most likely be cheaper to install individual heating boilers during the reconstruction. But with a hundred apartments and more, the economy will lean very strongly towards the roof boiler house (the effect of capacity growth is faster than the price!). In intermediate cases, calculations of various options are necessary - this is a responsible and qualified work of construction industry estimators, but we tried to give the most general guidelines and the most general ideas about rooftop boilers.

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What are the pros and cons of rooftop boilers?
January, and with it winter, has passed for half. But in our climate it is necessary to heat houses both in spring and autumn, and hot water is generally needed all year round. And we would like to receive heat and hot water at minimal cost, preferably reducing losses in heating mains to zero. We talked about individual boilers in the article “How to avoid problems with installing autonomous heating in an apartment?”. Now let's discuss the advantages and disadvantages of another option for the reconstruction of the heating system - the use of rooftop boilers.

Rooftop boilers were invented specifically so that their design could be done on the roofs of apartment buildings. It can also be installed on separate structures that are installed on special grounds.

Rooftop gas boilers on houses are installed in places where the design and compliance with the norms of a centralized gas pipeline is, in principle, impossible. If buildings in large cities with reconstruction and infill construction are located in the city center, then the norm for the construction of elite complexes is the design of roof boilers. And all due to the fact that the area is small and, accordingly, the price rate when buying land is very high, so it is impossible to install stationary centralized heating systems.

Roof boilers can be installed during the reconstruction of apartment buildings, and when designing new tall buildings.

Building design is possible in two versions:

• The first option is the so-called frame structure, which is located in blocks. For this option, it is necessary to erect a special building. The design of roof units in this form is suitable for multi-apartment new buildings.
• The second option for designing boiler rooms is roof gas boiler rooms with block modules. Sandwich panels are used for their design and construction.
• Rooftop boilers have 2 types of boiler applications: steam boilers and hot water equipment.

Norms, design and requirements for the operation of boiler rooms

Rooftop boilers for apartment buildings are a modern solution to the problem of designing autonomous heating without connecting to a centralized gas main. After all, modern construction of buildings sometimes requires such standards that cannot be implemented. Heat losses, thanks to this heating design for apartment buildings, are low, so installing a rooftop boiler is even the norm for an economical option.

The popularity of roof gas boilers is growing every day, since thanks to such a heating design, land allocation costs will disappear, there will be no need to design a heating main. And even the temperature can be set more accurately.

What other advantages does the design of rooftop boilers have? Are there any cons to using for apartment buildings? Are there any safety regulations that must be observed when designing boiler rooms on rooftops?

The requirements and norms regarding the design and installation of this structure are not at all significant, but still, they exist. Since security is the main thing in our world, and first of all it is necessary to take care of it.

So what are the norms, precautions and operation that need to be taken in order for the rooftop boiler to work for a long time and well?

• It is necessary to check the supply and exhaust valves, as thanks to them the boiler room is ventilated.
• It is necessary to install sensors, the design of which controls the operation of the gas device and which are triggered directly in the lightest fires. These are necessary in order to prevent a fire or explosion. It is desirable that when designing rooftop installations, a function is installed that automatically extinguishes the first signs of a fire.
• It is also necessary to install a gas barrier flange that is able to shut down the entire system at the first sign of a fire.
• On the roofs of multi-storey buildings, it is imperative to install an alarm system that displays and transmits light and sound signals in case of fire.
• The height of the chimney must be much higher than the height of the roof boiler. The minimum difference is 2 m. Each gas boiler in the house must have a separate chimney, but it is imperative that they are of the same height. What will be the distance between them - it does not matter.
• Rooftop gas units must operate on separate electricity, that is, have a separate power line. The voltage in the house can be different, so you should not take risks with electricity, because due to a power failure in the house, problems may arise in the operation of the entire heating system. A diesel generator may be suitable as an autonomous power source.
• It is impossible to install this equipment immediately above apartments in houses. The presence of a technical floor is a prerequisite for installing a rooftop boiler room. The floor on which the roof gas units will stand must be made of reinforced concrete slabs.
• Do not forget that this heating equipment emits a lot of noise, therefore, in order to be able to install rooftop boilers in multi-storey buildings, special requirements must be met in accordance with sound insulation standards in rooms.
• The boiler room should have windows and doors that lead directly to the roof. A separate elevator is mandatory as it will only be used for firefighters. It is also necessary to design a service exit. The boiler room must be illuminated in accordance with the standards (0.03 sq. m / 1 m³).
• You should also not forget about the service personnel - there should be a separate safe exit for them when designing.

After designing and installing a gas rooftop boiler, it is necessary to look after it, that is, to do service. Maintenance staff can handle it too. But also do not forget about the representatives of the gas service. They should definitely check this equipment at least once a year.

Advantages and disadvantages of this equipment for heating apartment buildings

When considering all the shortcomings and advantages of this unit, you can see that, of course, there are more advantages. Construction companies choose roof units for their installation in apartment buildings. And all because it is both economical and reasonable, and they work in accordance with all established standards. This is especially convenient when either there is no centralized gas pipeline, or it is abandoned during construction.

And so, the main advantages of this equipment:

• Roof units can do without a separate place for themselves. That is, it is not necessary for them to install an additional building. The roof is also suitable for the operation of gas equipment in a multi-storey building. The frame or water manifold may be located away from the design of the roof boiler room (attic, basement).
• Heat losses are very low during the operation of these units. There is no longer a need to install heating mains, and thanks to this, much less money will be spent on equipment maintenance.
• Expenses are also reduced for joining centralized communications. And everyone knows that for this you need to pay a tidy sum in our time.
• The design of rooftop boilers has no more requirements. Forced ventilation and arrangement of chimneys is not required. SNiP makes it possible for such huge equipment to heat buildings up to 30 m high.
• When designing these equipments in apartment buildings, all norms will be observed and, according to SNiP, the system can be fully automated. The operator will be hired not even for a whole working day, but only for a couple of hours. Thanks to SNiP, the standards for the design of rooftop boilers will allow you to install sensors on them that will monitor the temperature outside and turn on the desired level of heating themselves.
• It is also good that people will no longer have to adapt to the norms established in the country (there is no heating in summer). The unit, if necessary, can work in the summer. Who can service the rooftop boiler room? Yes, a simple staff who looks after her year-round. You don't even need to call the experts. This equipment is easy to operate.

If the equipment is designed according to SNiP, then in no case should it heat additional buildings. Since SNiP states that the power of the equipment should be exactly as much as is needed to design and heat the whole building.

The pros and cons of a roof boiler are already clear. Now it's worth talking a little about the cons. Deficiencies in SNiP and design standards are associated with the requirements that were in the design of the building itself, where the equipment will be installed.

• Introduction of new standards in the construction of lifting systems, as well as design according to SNiP and installation of a heating system.
• If the weight of the equipment in the documents is limited, then the rooftop boiler room will not be able to exceed the weight specified in the SNiP. And, accordingly, the installation will fail.
• For this equipment, it is necessary to install complex automatic systems. This is also stated in SNiP.
• It is necessary to comply with all norms after designing work with such gas equipment.
• And it will not be superfluous to install fireproof systems in roof boiler rooms, which are made in accordance with all standards and are described in SNiP.

How to calculate the power of this equipment

Even during the design, building codes and SNiP warn that the power of roof boiler houses on houses should be exactly the same that can heat one building. The Snipe also says that it is forbidden for equipment to exceed the power required for the consumption of a multi-storey building. All standards are specified during the design. The calculation and norms according to SNP should be carried out based on the maximum value of the coolant flow rate.

If it is necessary to use the heating element of the roof boiler house on the roof of the house in order to heat the adjacent ones, then only in this case it is possible not to adhere to the norms and Snip, but to slightly increase the performance of the unit. The maximum that can be is 100% of all electricity in the main building.

If suddenly in the future it is planned to design according to all heating standards for adjacent buildings, then a rooftop boiler house, which is called a block-modular one, for a multi-storey building is simply the best option for design. The block-modular system can be rebuilt for any desired needs.

Installing roof boilers on houses is a very successful business that is becoming more and more popular. The design of this equipment is quite a profitable solution. Although such units on houses appeared on the territory of the Russian Federation and other CIS countries relatively recently, they have already managed to win a good reputation. Due to the fact that the equipment is located on the roof of the house, the apartments are heated more smoothly.

What problems do tenants often face in an apartment building in the winter? First of all, this is a poor-quality heat supply. It also saddens the hopelessness while waiting for the heating systems to start turning on. A gas boiler for an apartment building will help maintain a constant temperature in each apartment and save on service charges.

Residents are forced to freeze from the cold until the start of the heating season. The need to monthly pay a round sum to pay for heating finishes off the most persistent.

Installing a gas boiler on the roof will solve heating problems once and for all. The main obstacles to solving the issue of installing a gas boiler are related to obtaining permits from the administration and acquiring suitable equipment.

Usually, an autonomous gas boiler room is equipped in apartment buildings in separate rooms. For these purposes, separate rooms on the roof are suitable.

They contain all the necessary equipment for the continuous operation of the heating system. The capacity of the installed equipment should be enough to heat the radiators and heat the water in the apartments of the whole house.

The first appearance of rooftop boiler houses in Russia in the 90s is connected with the desire of investors-developers. They wanted to install high-quality and uninterrupted heat supply in the houses under construction. Centralized systems could not meet the overestimated requirements

Such mini-boiler rooms are equipped with a variety of modern appliances and a variety of fixtures. Autonomous systems use the most modern heating technologies. This allows you to use one boiler house even for several houses, which increases the profitability for residents several times.

There are several factors that determine the benefits of installing a rooftop gas boiler in apartment buildings.

First of all, this is a significant reduction in the distance from the heat generator to radiators and pipes in apartments. Due to this, heat losses during the circulation of water in the system are reduced. Approximate calculations show that the owners pay for heating an amount 30% higher than the actual cost due to heat losses.

Residents who once installed a gas boiler in the basement or on the roof of a multi-storey building note a real reduction in utility bills. Also, they are much less likely to face the need for frequent maintenance of systems: their repair, installation and reconstruction. Modern communications are of high quality and durability.

Due to the shortening of the path that water must pass from the central energy carrier, the heating rate of the system increases. Also, on average, the temperature of the batteries and hot water increases. Although this is more regulated by the setting of the gas boiler.

Roof boilers are very popular due to the fact that there is almost always no place for the construction of a ground structure near apartment buildings. The location of the boiler rooms at the bottom of the house creates an additional hydraulic load

If we compare the central heating system with autonomous, then the second option wins in many respects. This is both efficiency and the rate of heating water in the system.

In addition, central heating is turned on only when certain temperatures are reached. However, cold weather can persist for a long time until it reaches the required minimum. And the residents are forced to endure the cold and suffer.

With an autonomous system, it becomes possible to maintain the desired level of heat all year round and not depend on utilities. Thermostats are usually installed on radiators and circuits, allowing you to change the temperature depending on the needs of users. Sometimes setting a comfortable temperature allows additional savings.

Disadvantages of modern heating systems

As with any heating system, autonomous heating has its drawbacks. Although there are much fewer of them in comparison with the centralized one. Due to the fact that gas autonomous boiler houses are not very common, it is rather problematic to get reliable equipment and all the nodes adjacent to it.

Therefore, the elements of the boiler room will cost customers a round sum. Despite the high level of comfort that the systems in question provide, not all developers are willing to pay big money for it.

In the event of an emergency, the entire heating system is completely out of order. Above the heads of people is up to five cubic meters of boiling water. If the pipes burst, the water will go down. Therefore, there are so many requirements for gas equipment

In addition, gas boilers must be placed in separate rooms or buildings. To do this, you need to allocate an area near the house, bring the roof to the required technical conditions, or install a block structure on the roof. All of these solutions require an infusion of additional resources either from the developer or from the general fund created by the residents.

Gas heating systems emit polluting decomposition products into the environment. Therefore, when installing boiler rooms, it is necessary to provide for the installation of filtration systems. Cleaning devices must perform their functions sufficiently so that the norms of SNiP are observed. This further increases the cost of purchasing equipment.

When building a new house, the developer has a choice: to make an autonomous heating system or connect to the central highway. To crash into the highway, you need to obtain a number of permits. Often the solution to the problem requires a round sum of money. In addition, it will take more than one month to wait for the papers to pass checks in all instances.

The high cost of work on connection to existing networks, the difficulties in coordinating this procedure, as well as the presence of many obstacles that prevent the fast and efficient implementation of heat networks, reduce the attractiveness of autonomous systems for the developer.

Often the installation of gas boilers on the upper building envelope entails the need to strengthen the ceiling. The total load created by the heating system can reach 15 tons. You can avoid such values ​​by installing flow equipment instead of capacitive

The installation of autonomous heating is also associated with a number of bureaucratic procedures. Both the initial implementation of systems and reconstruction with redevelopment have their own characteristics. This is mainly due to the fact that you are going to use gas as a heating resource. All work with gas is strictly regulated by law.

Modern engineering developments effectively deal with a number of shortcomings. If you need to heat just one house, an excellent option would be to place a block boiler room in the attic of the house. The attic becomes heated, and the tenants of the last floor do not experience discomfort.

Such structures are developed in detail by engineers, are lightweight and are installed on load-bearing walls. For such options, a flat roof option is required. This subtlety is usually taken into account at the design stage. Designers carry out calculations and determine in advance a place for a boiler room on the roof of the house.

The law establishes a limit on the power of equipment on the roofs of houses at 3 MW. Some regions have a limit of 5 MW. If this power is not enough to fully heat the entire house, then additional permits must be requested.

However, despite all the shortcomings, in the end, the residents of the house will significantly improve their living conditions and get rid of discomfort. In addition to all the obvious advantages, autonomous systems have an increased level of security.

The new systems are equipped with alarms for threats and accidents. A variety of tracks a variety of indicators. In the event of a breakdown, the backup boiler and additional pumps are activated.

Classification and features of rooftop boilers

If we talk about heating one particular house, then one of the best options for locating a boiler room with a decentralized system is a flat roof. The text of the SNiP describes in detail all the permitted types of boiler houses. In technical documents, special attention is paid to the requirements for heating equipment intended for floor installation.

The operation and installation of heating systems is negotiated separately for two types of structures: built-in and block-modular. Separate requirements, specifications and limitations apply to each option. Also, these two types of boiler houses have their own characteristics: advantages and disadvantages.

According to the rules, it is unacceptable to install heating equipment directly above residential premises. This means that a technical floor should be provided in an apartment building.

Speaking about the advantages of installing an autonomous boiler room on the roof, the following should be highlighted:

• There is no need to purchase a plot for a boiler room near the house;
• There are no difficulties associated with the calculation of the structure and the conduct of chimneys;
• The task is greatly facilitated;
• Rooftop boilers have no restrictions on the type of fuel, and the use of gas is one of the most profitable options.

The combination of advantages of installing the considered structure on roofs determines the high frequency of using this solution when planning autonomous heating.

Mounting a boiler room on the roof is only advisable if all the requirements and restrictions described in SNiP and PPB are taken into account. Let us further consider each of the available types of rooftop autonomous boiler room.

Block-modular boiler houses

Block or modular boiler rooms are compact in size and occupy a small area. Special blocks are brought to the site on the roof of the house, which are then combined into a finished and workable structure. Each element of the structure is completed at the factory and equipped with all the necessary equipment, which is connected to a common system.

After assembly, the thermal station is ready for operation. All necessary equipment is provided by the manufacturer and mounted in the module. It also provides for the availability of separate rooms for staff.

Modern rooftop boilers operate all year round in automatic mode and do not require constant monitoring and the presence of personnel. Therefore, the heat supply is carried out without interruptions.

All equipment is selected according to the required technical parameters and meets the standards. Blocks are usually equipped with high-quality insulation and a reliable ventilation system.

They may also have an attractive appearance and unusual design. During installation, the main task of specialists is to correctly connect all nodes and check the performance of all elements.

Designers and engineers foresee the future installation of a boiler room for gas equipment on the roofs of multi-storey buildings. They minimize the weight and dimensions of the frame of the building. Usually, professionals assemble a boiler room in a few working days.

Installation of a block-modular roof boiler consists of several stages. First of all, it is necessary to conduct an examination, which will determine the bearing capacity of the building and the necessary procedures for its increase. If it turns out that it is necessary to strengthen the structure, then these procedures are carried out first.

Then a platform is installed that will rest on the load-bearing walls of the building. This is necessary for the stability of the block. The next step is the creation of a fire-resistant coating under the gas boiler.

Usually, a layer of concrete is poured to solve this problem. You should also ensure safety by installing railings around the perimeter of the roof. Sometimes procedures are needed to improve sound insulation.

Block gas boilers have a complete factory set. Manufacturers give a guarantee of quality. The blocks are sent to the roof almost ready for launch and are assembled in a short time

Block boiler rooms are suitable for installation in buildings where there was originally centralized heating. However, for their arrangement, it is necessary to purchase equipment with acceptable technical conditions and have a project.

Built-in boiler room on the roof of the house

The layout of such boiler houses fits into the design documents in advance. Even at the design stage, each element of the built-in rooftop boiler is described in detail. Engineers calculate many different indicators and, based on the calculations, design a safe and efficient heating system.

Such indicators include the value of the load on the walls, the level of fire safety, the required boiler power, and others. It is much easier and cheaper to carry out these calculations at the design stage than to remake a centralized system into an autonomous one.

Simultaneously with the construction of the building, a number of activities are carried out. These include:

• providing sound insulation and suppression of noise emitted by heating equipment;
• protection of the boiler room from vibrations;
• providing protection against ignition, explosions and gas leaks.

Carrying out these procedures at the construction stage increases their effectiveness. Most of the houses were built for a centralized heating system, and only in the last 5-10 years the projects provide for built-in boilers.

Stationary gas boilers are built from materials similar to those from which the building is built. For these purposes, prefabricated sandwich structures or various reinforced concrete blanks are used.

Experienced engineers are engaged in the design of built-in boiler rooms. This is due to the need to comply with safety standards and legal regulations.

The advantages of such boiler houses include the absence of the need to spend money and time on capital construction. Also, the customer acquires a ready-made, proven and adjusted design, which will heat the residents of the house for many years.

Thanks to modern developments, it is possible to almost completely automate control. This allows you to have a minimum number of service personnel. The environmental friendliness of the built-in gas boilers is ensured by modern filtration systems.

Integrated or built-in boilers are usually installed within a few days, which is very beneficial for the developer.

The device of an autonomous boiler room

Residents do not always buy a ready-made block boiler house. In some cases, the assistance of specialists in the assembly of an individual system is required.

The arrangement of a gas boiler room plays a crucial role in its efficient functioning. It is necessary to allocate a separate area on the roof. There should be no flammable materials around the site.

Domestic boilers are less popular due to the fact that they offer users a low level of autonomy and automation. Experts advise purchasing equipment from European manufacturers

For safety reasons, boiler rooms do not have more than two boilers: the main and the backup. Boilers are usually installed in the center of the room. This makes it easier to approach the equipment for systematic maintenance and repair.

The walls, and with them the entrance doors, are sheathed with non-combustible materials, such as steel sheets. The floors are poured with a concrete screed, then a non-combustible non-slip coating is placed on top of it.

The principle of operation of an autonomous gas boiler is to process natural gas. Thanks to automatic installations, uninterrupted fuel supply is ensured. The boiler room protection system shuts off the gas supply if the sensors detect a leak or breakdown.

Key components of the boiler room

The operation of an autonomous boiler room is ensured by the presence of the following elements:

• Gas boilers providing heating;
• Central gas pipeline supplying gas to the system;
• Ventilation system and chimney that removes gas combustion products;
• Cold water and electricity supply system;
• Security system with a number of instruments and sensors measuring various indicators;
• Built-in automation.

For heating an apartment building, the power of a wall-mounted unit is not enough, therefore, in this situation, floor gas boilers are used. Single-circuit boilers provide only heating of the coolant for its delivery to the radiators. When choosing the right equipment, you should focus on the power of the boiler. Also pay attention to the availability of licenses and registrations. The boiler must comply with the operating conditions in your area

The boiler can be with closed and open combustion chamber. For an open type, it is necessary to carry out a smoke channel. And closed-type boilers are equipped.

Thanks to modern technologies, it has become possible to almost completely remotely control the heating system while maintaining a high level of security.

The benefits of remote control include:

• Ability to set individual temperature conditions for each apartment;
• Availability of a warning system about the values ​​of the main indicators of equipment operation;
• Innovative weather control system.

Modern smart boilers have outdoor sensors that measure the temperature outside the home. If the air temperature drops, the boiler automatically starts to increase the temperature of the water in the system and vice versa.

What needs to be considered?

Before arranging an autonomous boiler room, a number of factors must be taken into account. If a single-circuit gas boiler is purchased, then to supply hot water, you will need to install a storage type of water heater - a boiler.

For an extensive system of an apartment building, a distribution manifold will definitely be required. Thanks to this device, constant pressure and temperature will be maintained in all circuits. Together with the collector, hydraulic arrows are also installed.

When the water in the system heats up, it expands. In order to maintain a constant pressure and compensate for expansion processes, a .

The regulations require different minimum chimney heights above the highest point of the roof. When calculating this indicator, the power of the boiler and the structures located on the roof are taken into account

It is important to consider the layout of the chimney to remove the products of gas decomposition. To ensure safety, a mechanical or automatic air vent is installed. Before the heating system, it is necessary to install a make-up tap.

If automation is built into the system, then the need for human service of the system will be reduced to scheduled checks of the system's performance.

Installing an autonomous gas boiler house has a number of nuances and difficulties. However, this version of the heating system for an apartment building has a number of comparative advantages in comparison with a centralized system.

The main problems that developers and future residents will have to face are related to obtaining permits from the administration and the gas industry for the arrangement of a gas boiler house.

It takes time and requires certain resources. Residents of houses with central heating will face even greater problems. First of all, they will have to get an agreement to turn off the old systems and get specifications for the installation of new ones. It is far from always that public utilities meet halfway on such issues.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Overview of the roof boiler TDK "New City":

The installation of a gas-fired boiler house in Svetloye resulted in significant cost savings:

The acquisition of block boiler houses is one of the most profitable options for developers. Their delivery and installation takes a short period of time, and the prices for equipment are reasonable. This allows you not to spend a lot of time on this issue.

Residents who decide to install autonomous heating protect themselves in the future from the shortcomings of centralized systems, guarantee themselves continuous heating and hot water supply all year round.

Please write comments in the block below, post photos on the topic of the article, ask questions. Tell us about your experience in the construction and / or operation of an autonomous gas boiler house in a high-rise building. It is possible that your advice will be extremely useful to site visitors.

Recently, more and more often you can hear about the desire to save energy resources and increase the cost of fuel.

The amount of savings in fuel and energy resources and material resources spent on providing heat to consumers will directly depend on the method of heat supply.

How can you provide heat supply to multi-apartment residential buildings?

There are two options - to power the heat pipelines from the main heat networks or install an autonomous heat point.

Both options are good, but the presence of an individual heating point for several apartment buildings and autonomous heating using energy-saving means will please more. Why?

Because the distance between the pair "heat point - consumer" is minimized, thereby reducing heat loss along the heating network line. This type of heating is called decentralized, or autonomous.

A lower percentage of expenses for heating and hot water supply in an apartment building - and all because the costs of transporting and delivering the coolant to the end consumer are reduced.

Simply put, the source of heat supply is practically nearby, and therefore the time for supplying heat to residential buildings and the percentage of heat losses are reduced. This also leads to a reduction in the cost of maintaining, servicing and repairing heating networks.

The efficiency of heat supply systems - as a result, follows from the previous factor. Since the source of heat supply is nearby, the amount of utility bills for hot water supply and heating is somewhat lower.

Independence from the citywide heating schedule. In other words, while heating has not yet been given in the city (“because the heating season has not come on schedule”), and the temperature is already low outside, apartment heating from an autonomous heat source will come in handy.

In addition, each consumer will be able to choose the optimal temperature conditions for his apartment - turn off / turn on the heating system only for his apartment, adjusting the level of heat supply.

In this case, there are no connection problems due to "technical" and seasonal reasons.

Lower cost and higher payback of new buildings with an autonomous source of heat supply.

A separate boiler room in each house will increase the free space in the yard. Click to enlarge.

This is more likely to play into the hands of developers, because in the case of the “traditional” construction of an apartment building, you have to spend quite a lot of time getting permission to connect a new building to a centralized heating network, install a meter (which is mandatory for any new building today).

The presence of "additional free space" within the whole microdistrict. This also contributes to the implementation of housing programs, the construction of new buildings and the arrangement of microdistricts not for heating mains, but for the infrastructure of the districts.

In addition, providing apartment buildings with an autonomous source of heat supply is also possible if there is already an established gas supply system in the construction area.

disadvantages

However, along with the advantages that consumers of decentralized heating and hot water have, there are a number of disadvantages:

1. The need for additional space allocated for the construction of an autonomous boiler house.
2. Non-environmental operation of the boiler room. For a gas boiler house operating autonomously, it will be necessary to additionally equip an exhaust gas exhaust system in order to reduce smoke emissions into the atmosphere as much as possible, having obtained the MAC value (maximum permissible concentrations) required by SNiP.
3. Price. Since autonomous heating today is not yet as popular and in demand as centralized heating systems, the production of boiler equipment for it has not been put on the conveyor. Consequently, prices for decentralized heating and hot water systems are still high.

Is it possible to eliminate the above shortcomings completely, or at least minimize them? Can. An additional area for an autonomous boiler room can be "found" on the roof of a multi-storey building that will be heated.

The "salt" is that the so-called rooftop boilers require flat roofs for their installation.

An increasing number of new buildings are already equipped with a roof-top boiler house with equipment installed above and top-mounted piping.

Of course, the installation of additional equipment will cost, and the decentralized heat supply of one apartment building itself is not cheap, but it will all pay off faster than if the house were simply connected to a centralized heat supply system.

Varieties of decentralized heat supply

Another example of autonomous heating of a multi-storey residential building is a block boiler house, consisting of a separate module. Block or modular boilers can be transported as they are delivered in containers.

The use of modular boiler rooms in an apartment building. Click to enlarge.

Their execution does not require the construction of a new building specifically for boiler equipment - the entire installation is already “encased” in a container, in addition, the module is thermally insulated, and the assembly is carried out directly at the manufacturing plant.

Previously, such blocks were used as heating systems for temporary structures (change houses), but now they are offered (after a number of modifications) as an alternative to centralized heating.

But the best option for autonomous heating is an apartment heating system powered by a main gas pipeline or through a power supply network (depending on the type of boiler), the “core” of which is a wall-mounted boiler (gas or electric).

Why wall mounted? Because wall-mounted boilers have a number of advantages:

1. Easy to install, easy to hang on the wall using a set of fasteners (fasteners must be supplied with the boiler equipment)
2. They are light in weight and small in size, do not take up much space in the room
3. With their size, they have good power (10-25 kW) and are able to heat a room up to 100 m2 - and this is quite enough for one four-room apartment
4. Available in both single and double

If the owner of the apartment plans to install a wall-mounted gas boiler as heating equipment, then he should check the completeness of the equipment, namely:

1. Boiler with two circuits (working both for space heating and hot water)
2. Combustion chamber - closed type
3. The presence of a fan to provide forced draft (intake of fresh air from the street) and the removal of combustion products through the chimney
4. Pump for forced circulation of the coolant
5. Electronic ignition and full automatic – for efficient fuel use

An additional advantage in autonomous heat supply can be considered the possibility of installing a “warm floor” system - provided that the insertion of an additional pipe for taking the coolant does not affect the pressure level in the system.

In the case of an electric boiler that also works according to a two-circuit scheme (heating + providing the consumer with hot water), the difficulties will be much less: you will only have to get permission to allocate an additional power line, plus coordinate the insertion of the direct and return pipes into the general water supply system.

The only exception will be electrode boilers without heating elements that work to heat running water.

Possible Complications

If everything is so simple and easy, why are apartment owners in no hurry to re-equip their heating systems? The answer is simple: there is no permit for the conversion of heat supply.

No housing company will give the owner of the apartment permission to re-equip the heating system "just like that." And all because, as mentioned above, the cost of maintaining and repairing the heat supply system will decrease.

It follows that the owner of an apartment with refurbished heating will pay less, and this is already unprofitable for the management company.

Another question is if there will be several families in several apartments who want to re-equip the heating of the house, making it autonomous, and even better - residents in several nearby houses.

But in this case, the transition to autonomous heating can be fraught with such difficulties as obtaining permission to carry out all construction and installation work - and all this at the expense of willing owner-initiators.

Finally, I would like to note that it is advisable to entrust all work on the installation of autonomous heating in an apartment building to professionals who have the appropriate licenses to carry out work of this kind. Even if you just want to put an ordinary wall-mounted boiler at home.

Question from a reader: “Please help me understand the issue of the cost of heating and hot water supply. Our house is serviced by the Management Company, there is a rooftop boiler house on the roof of the house, but the cost of heating and hot water services is at the city level. Why and what then is the advantage of a rooftop boiler? And who, after wear and tear in a few years, will pay for the purchase of a new boiler?

So, considering this issue, we decided to highlight a few points regarding autonomous heating.

1. What are the principles for setting tariffs for heating and hot water services in the case of a rooftop boiler?

2. What are the advantages of autonomous heating (roof boiler)?

3. Maintenance and repair of equipment for autonomous heating.

1. An autonomous boiler room (in particular, a roof-top one) is a room with a heat generator or a whole complex of buildings designed to generate heat for the purpose of heating one structure. The boiler room is the main element of a decentralized heating and hot water supply system (DHW) and may be owned by residents or owned by a legal entity (for example, the Management Company).

In the event that the rooftop boiler house is the common property of the residents of an apartment building, the payment for the consumed resources is set by the owners on the basis of an agreement with a resource supply organization (RSO). RSO only serves the rooftop boiler house (homeowners and the resource supplying organization conclude a contract for the performance of work). And the decisive role in setting tariffs is assigned to the contractor of public services, which RSO is not here. The contractor of public services (the HOA can serve as such) is guided by the Government Decree of the Russian Federation No. 307, according to which “in the production of thermal energy for heating an apartment building using an autonomous heating system, which is part of the common property of the owners of premises in an apartment building (in the absence of centralized heating), the amount of the payment for heating is calculated based on the readings of metering devices and the corresponding tariffs for the fuel used to produce heat energy ... "and" when preparing hot water using the in-house engineering systems of an apartment building (in the absence of centralized preparation of hot water), the amount of payment for hot water is calculated based on the readings of metering devices and the corresponding tariffs for cold water and fuel used to prepare hot water ... ”(p. 18)

If the resource supplying organization (RSO), being a legal entity, owns a rooftop boiler house (homeowners and the resource supplying organization enter into a boiler house sale and purchase agreement), then it is a heat supply organization and utility service provider (according to the Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 190 "On Heat Supply") with state-regulated activities. Therefore, the tariffs for resource consumption are set by the state department according to the tariffs of the city (region) administration. Up-to-date information on all tariffs can be found on the official website of the department.

In order to find the answer, on what basis the cost of services for heat and hot water is calculated, one should find out how legal relations are organized in the situation under consideration. If the Management Company is the full owner of the rooftop boiler house (there is a contract for the sale of the boiler house), then billing should be carried out at citywide rates.

If it turns out that your Management Company is not a utility provider and only serves the boiler house, the tariffing does not comply with the legislation of the Russian government, and you can apply to the Court with a claim.

2. Roof boilers, which are equipped on the roof of an apartment building, have a number of advantages over the usual centralized heating and hot water systems.

a. Perhaps the main and serious argument in favor of using autonomous heating and rooftop boilers is a significant saving in energy resources. According to statistics, rooftop boilers reduce resource costs by 45% compared to centralized open systems.

b. Autonomous heating - controlled. This means that the owners of the house have the right to regulate the temperature regime during the heating season and during the day. In practice, it can be seen that such heating control allows saving up to 30% on fuel bills.

in. Rooftop boilers do not require constant maintenance, so the presence of people during the operation of the boiler is not necessary. Full control over the state and operation of the boiler house is carried out through the control room.

d. The boiler room, located on the roof of the building, eliminates a number of problems:

- no need to allocate space on the land plot for the construction of a boiler house;

- gives free access to the pipeline;

– provides excellent conditions for equipment (no pressure on pipes, units, boilers, etc.);

- convenient air supply to the boilers;

- saving material for the manufacture of a chimney.

e. The safety of operation of rooftop boilers is another big plus in the direction of autonomous heating. In the event of unauthorized entry of smoke emissions into the apartment, the risk of a serious accident is not high.

e. Roof boilers are environmentally friendly due to good dispersion and volatilization of gases.

3. Returning to Decree No. 307 “On the Procedure for Providing Public Services to Citizens”, one can see that “... the costs of maintaining and repairing in-house engineering systems used for the production of thermal energy, as well as the costs of maintaining and repairing in-house engineering systems used for cooking hot water are included in the payment for the maintenance and repair of residential premises ”(clause 18 of the RF PP No. 307).

In addition, in accordance with the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, “the owners of premises in an apartment building bear the burden of maintaining the common property in an apartment building” (Article 39).

Therefore, the installation of a boiler or other failed element of the boiler plant is carried out at the expense of the residents. In practice, the cost of monthly payments for heat and hot water can include interest for unforeseen repairs or installation of a new boiler house, which is required every 25 years.