Proportions for the introduction of pva glue into the cement mixture. Composition, properties and application of construction adhesive PVA

A variety of primers can raise a completely logical question - is it all bottled from one barrel? And suddenly no easier option how to make a primer from PVA and get a composition no worse than bought? Like it or not - we'll figure it out together!

PVA glue primer - to be or not to be ...

To begin with, let's find out - what is the well-known PVA glue, and how does this abbreviation stand for? So, PVA is polyvinyl acetate, a solid, colorless and odorless, non-toxic substance. PVA glue, in turn, is an emulsion of polyvinyl acetate. It is hardly worth delving further into the origin of this substance - we are much more interested in how it is used. There are a lot of varieties of glue - this is building PVA, and carpentry, and furniture, on the shelves you will find PVA extra, luxury and universal, and, of course, stationery. Depending on the scope of application, the cost of glue also fluctuates - from 400 rubles to 2500 with the same volume.

PVA construction adhesive from this list is the most suitable for creating a primer. It is added to concrete, as well as to increase their strength and water resistance, so what, it would seem, could prevent us from using it for soil preparation? And ours can interfere common sense- building PVA can and should be used as a component that improves the properties of other materials, but polyvinyl acetate on its own can only ruin things.

Firstly, PVA glue forms a moisture-proof film on the wall, which, precisely because of its moisture-resistant property, can begin to peel off after a while along with the plaster that is laid on top of it. Secondly, it is worth not guessing a little with the proportions of water, and such a film will peel off the walls and ceiling under its own weight. Thirdly, over time, PVA glue turns yellow and may appear as spots under the same wallpaper.

How to make a PVA primer - primer properties

What do we need from a primer? So that it improves surface properties, mainly adhesion to other materials. But besides this, a good primer is absorbed into the smallest pores of the material and holds it together without interfering natural processes steam exchange. Professional primers also contain antifungal components to eliminate the destructive activity of mold and fungus already at the stage of priming surfaces.

From this list, a home-made primer made of PVA glue can perform only one function - to improve surface adhesion, that is, its adhesion to other materials. However, this is possible only if all proportions are observed - if your primer thickens a little, you will earn headache peelable film. Of course, you can not forget about the dignity homemade solution from PVA - its extreme cheapness. However, as you yourself have already understood, such savings can eventually cost a pretty penny.

The conclusion is obvious - you can use PVA as a primer only in the most extreme cases! Or, for example, in utility rooms where you absolutely do not need expensive repairs. In other cases, you can’t save on a primer - buy special solutions.

How to dilute PVA for a primer - moonshine recipe

And yet, being able to prepare a primer from glue does not hurt. Indeed, after repairs in an apartment or house, you may have plenty of this material left, and it’s reluctant to spend money on buying an expensive primer, say, for the walls of a utility room where you store tools. Before diluting PVA for a primer, prepare the right tools and ingredients: water, a spatula for stirring, a container and the glue itself.

Dilute the glue from a ratio of 1 part glue to 2 parts water. The liquid mass obtained as a result should be easily applied to surfaces, leaving a white mark behind. To improve the qualities of a homemade primer, it is recommended to add crushed chalk to its composition. The components should be mixed in a warm room, first pour glue into the container, and then water. It is very important to mix the components as vigorously as possible so that the water quickly dilutes the adhesive without leaving a separate layer on the surface.

First, try priming on small plot- if after drying the primer did not form a visible film, then you guessed right with the proportions. If the opposite is noticeable, then you need to add more water to your solution. Before you make a PVA primer, weigh its amount - it is not recommended to prepare too much solution at once. How longer adhesive stands idle in a diluted state, the worse will be its bonding qualities. Therefore, do the work in stages. Having done the work, make sure that the primer does not exfoliate after drying. Let it dry before moving on to the next step.

Little tricks for economical repairs

You can save not only with the help of PVA glue. With the same success, you can prepare a primer for walls and ceilings with wallpaper paste, spreading it big amount water. Wallpaper glue differs from PVA in that it does not turn yellow and does not form a film, it is better absorbed into the surface and allows it to “breathe”. Wallpaper glue costs a little more than PVA, but cheaper than professional formulations. This option will be the most suitable if we need to do an inexpensive and quick repair.

If you plan to paint the walls with acrylic paints, you don’t have to prime the surface with a separate composition! The paint itself will act as a primer - mix it with water in a 1: 1 ratio in a separate container and cover the walls.

By the way, manufacturers themselves often mention this method. Indeed, purchased acrylic primer often differs from paint only in the content of acrylic. Work with a homemade mixture of acrylic paint it's also quite convenient if you use the same color as for painting - then you will save on fewer layers of paint. If you purchased special compound, a regular paint roller will help you save money! It is this tool that will provide optimal soil consumption, high speed of work and its quality. , as a rule, this is a very sticky solution, and if you apply it to the walls with a compressor, then you simply will not wash the room, even if you cover everything with a film.

Working with a brush is unprofitable from an economic point of view - the expense becomes higher. Of course, in some places, for example in the corners, it is better to work with a brush, but on large areas roller will save a lot. Buy rollers with a short or medium pile, no more than 12 mm, and even better 8-9 mm - manufacturers always write this information on the packaging. Indeed, this would be ideal for smooth walls, while for walls with a lot of dimples and other irregularities, you will have to use a brush.

Another way to save: buy concentrates. Already ready solutions often represent water with the smell of a soil mixture. Some concentrates can be diluted 3-5 or even 10 times! You will find the relevant information in the instructions. Always be clear about your goals - for wallpapering, you will suit the usual inexpensive universal primer, while you will not need a water-repellent composition. And vice versa - it is not worth saving on the ground if expensive plasters are being worked on top of it.

In terms of popularity today, the once most famous and widespread silicate glue is unlikely to argue with this glue. And the scope of its application seems to have no boundaries. PVA glue glues paper and fabric, wood and glass, leather and metal.

In addition, PVA is part of many paints and primers, putties and dry building mixes.

How are they different from each other various adhesives PVA, does it matter where what glue to use, and what the home master needs to know, so that with knowledge of the matter and with most useful use this truly versatile chemical industry product.

How PVA stands for, its composition

But, first of all, how does PVA stand for? PVA is the abbreviation for polyvinyl acetate. We won't draw chemical formulas, they are unlikely to be of great interest to you, but let's say that the composition of PVA glue includes an emulsion of this very polyvinyl acetate in water with various plasticizers and special additives that enhance certain properties of the adhesive, making it more prepared for use in a specific area. What PVA adhesives and where they are used, we will analyze in this article, and also give some advice on non-traditional use this miracle composition.

What are PVA adhesives, their application

Even a fairly sophisticated home craftsman does not always know which type of PVA glue will give him the best effect in a particular area. Let's try to figure it out together. Classification of PVA adhesives:

1. Household (wallpaper). It is for this purpose that it was created, it withstands 6 freezing cycles to a temperature of -40 °. Of course, it glues and much more, but we recommend using it for its intended purpose.

2. Stationery (PVA-K). Unlike most of its counterparts, it is not waterproof and frost-resistant. These "weaknesses" of it must be taken into account, especially when trying to use building mixtures and mortars for additional plasticization. Buy another.

3. Universal (PVA-MB). It glues everything listed at the beginning of the article, it is this composition that is most often used for the manufacture concrete mixtures, primers and putties. This adhesive already allows additional plasticization of any building compositions on water based. It is frost-resistant, maintains 6 cycles of a freezing up to a temperature - 20 °.

4. Super (PVA-M). In addition to everything that the station wagon glues, this glue is also intended for gluing ceramic tiles, felt-based linoleum, etc. It is frost-resistant, maintains 6 cycles of a freezing up to a temperature - 40 °.

5. PVA dispersion is the basis for all adhesive formulations. It is also used in industry not only as an adhesive, but also as a prescription part of multicomponent formulations. There are 2 types:

• unplasticized;
• plasticized.

More information about plasticizing methods and technical specifications PVA dispersions are unlikely to be of interest to the average reader of this article, but many builders prefer to use it to improve the composition of building mixtures. Of course, not in the size of a Euro-cube or barrel, but in smaller packaging, which is available in the assortment of many large hardware stores.

Some manufacturers of PVA-based adhesives slightly expand their classification to attract customers. This is how PVA construction glue appeared, which is positioned as a composition that exceeds universal in its properties. Sometimes the names of several types of adhesives are used simultaneously. In such cases, before using glue, you need to read what materials it is intended for gluing - here the manufacturer will be more careful and will not write that it is with this glue that ceramic tiles can be glued if it is intended for paper.

It remains to add that some types of PVA adhesives are directly made for narrow applications. This does not mean that they cannot glue the same paper or cardboard, they just have additives for the best bonding of specific materials.

PVA and dry building mixes

As a matter of fact, dry building mixes became widely possible due to the fact that the PVA dispersion was dried, and it became available in the form of a powder.

Any building mix consists of:

• filler, which is most often quartz sand, but it can also be chalk, expanded clay, etc.;
• binder, which is cement, lime, gypsum;
• chemical additives, which are often based on a dispersion powder based on PVAD.

Of course, in addition to this powder, there are other chemical additives, but their composition and quantity in different mixtures different. We mention this in general so that a prudent owner can save money in some cases, understanding the essence.

Namely. All chemicals in building mixtures account for from 2 to 5%, everything else is filler and binder. When buying a cement mortar, you often buy cement and sand for expensive. Yes, and drying the PVA dispersion adds a lot of cost, so that as a result you dilute it with water and get the same PVA. And as the rest of the chemistry for most not the most special mixtures, some kind of liquid soap or even washing powder in an amount of 2 - 3% of the amount of binder. At worst, even shavings from laundry soap will do.

PVA glue to replace building compounds

Now that the essence of obtaining fashion compositions has become clearer, we can detail some of them a little more.

And let's start with the simplest.

1. Almost any kind finishing works preceded by priming the surface. Most manufacturers recommend doing this only with their primer, the deepest penetration itself. But a 10% solution of PVA glue (preferably dispersed) will penetrate just as well and provide excellent adhesion of the material. Try it and see for yourself. And if some dye is added to this composition for water-based paints, you get a great impregnation paint for concrete, which allows you to create wonderful illusions natural stone, bricks. It will only need to be varnished.

2. Cheapest finishing putty it will turn out if the chalk is mixed with PVA until the density of sour cream, although for deep cracks it can be made thicker. It is clear that the composition in a wide range can be adjusted with a certain amount of water. There are 2 disadvantages that just need to be considered:

• long drying time;
• the complexity of machining the finished surface due to high temperatures in the processing area from friction of the working tool.

3. Gypsum putty, like an analogue of drywall glue, is obtained by mixing 1 part of gypsum, 2 parts of chalk and the same PVA glue. But with a bit of experimentation with the ratios, you can get the perfect product tailored to your style and pace of work. The same gypsum or cement mixed with PVA will be an excellent putty for a concrete floor, sometimes it will be useful to add to this composition fine sand. And, no matter what ratio you cook cement-sand mixture, depending on the brand and quality of cement, fraction and quality of sand, if you add a glass of dispersed or even universal PVA to a bucket and detergent, as described above, you will successfully replace most of the trendy mixtures.

4. PVA glue is considered by most to be the best glue for gluing wood. And although modern polyurethane adhesives have begun to push PVA out of this area in some places, their relative high cost cannot do this everywhere.

And there is nothing to say about home use - here PVA will not have competitors for a long time.

But a tree is enough soft material, which often suffers serious damage even with minor carelessness in handling. And here PVA can become indispensable assistant. When mixed with wood dust, which can be freely found on any wood production, then we get a putty called "liquid wood". By varying its consistency, you can get a composition that can cope with the deepest wounds on wooden surfaces, as well as products made of fiberboard, chipboard and MDF.

5. It remains to add that, given the presence of PVA in the form of a redispersible powder in many building compositions (which can be read on the packaging), we can successfully increase the degree of plasticization of these same compositions by introducing an additional amount of PVA into the finished mixture.

So, when applying a bark beetle mixture using a Hopper plaster gun with outdoor decoration buildings, we recommend adding dispersed PVA at the rate of 1 liter per 25 kg of the mixture. This will make the solution more plastic and subsequently even more resistant to external influences.

At the same time, you can safely add a dye there, PVA will help them combine into a great mixture.

Dear readers, if you still have questions, ask them using the form below. We will be glad to communicate with you;)

Even children who are in kindergarten or school glue sheets of paper for them. However, the scope of polyvinyl acetate is much wider: it is simply not replaceable in carpentry and even in the construction process. At the right concentration, PVA is converted into universal glue and sealant with high rates waterproof.

PVA glue in construction: cement mortar

Often PVA is added to the composition of the cement slurry. Of course, a lot here depends on the quality of the adhesive itself, so preference should be given to products from trusted companies. With the introduction of PVA, the cement mortar acquires additional waterproofing and greater adhesion. Masters recommend applying polyvinyl acetate to the surface even before applying the cement mixture, thereby further improving adhesion.

Common ingredients for creating a quality cement slurry are sand, the cement itself, and a mixture consisting of PVA and water in a 2: 1 ratio. In this case, it is not necessary to pour water into the glue, but, on the contrary, add PVA to the liquid and mix thoroughly. After drying, polyvinyl acetate becomes transparent, therefore, it will not be noticeable at all.

PVA glue in construction: carpentry and finishing

Quite often, wood is impregnated with PVA glue in order to give it additional water resistance. In addition, polyvinyl acetate can be used to fix ceramic tiles to a wooden surface. To do this, it is necessary to apply at least 3 layers of undiluted PVA glue, and each layer should be allowed to dry completely.

Polyvinyl acetate is used to treat highly absorbent surfaces prior to application. finishing materials which are characterized by a short drying time. For example, when plastering works, because the plaster can be absorbed very quickly, not giving time to obtain a smooth surface. The use of PVA makes the process of moisture absorption not so fast, allowing the craftsmen to work longer with the plaster composition.

PVA glue in construction: plasters, primers, paints

Polyvinyl acetate is used as a plasticizer in the composition plaster solutions. It makes the plaster more durable and improves adhesion to the substrate. Each master has his own proportions, however, due to the advent of more modern plasticizers, PVA glue is losing popularity in this field of application. Polyvinyl acetate should not be added to solutions that will be used in rooms with high humidity.

An accessible primer can be made from PVA glue; for this, polyvinyl acetate is diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 2. After thorough mixing, you should get a mass white color with a liquid consistency that is easily distributed over the base. PVA-based paints are used to coat wall and ceiling surfaces. Such water dispersion compositions are economical and easy to use. However, they can only be used in rooms with normal humidity levels.

Cement is perhaps the most widely used material in construction market. Without it, it is impossible to prepare plaster for finishing walls and ceilings, concrete screed floors, mortar for ceramic tiles. For whatever purpose the mixture is used, the ingredients in it are the same: cement, sand, water. The differences are only in their percentage and additives. For example, crushed stone is added to concrete, pigments are added to the composition for tiles, glass, shavings for decoration are added to plaster. A component that can be present in any solution is PVA (polyvinyl acetate).

Ready-made tile adhesive is good where the walls are absolutely even, and cement mortar is suitable for all types of surfaces. The basis is cement and sand, the ratio is 1 to 3. Other components improve the properties of the mixture.

Most often, PVA is added to the cement mortar. The main arguments in his favor:

1. In the right proportion, this additive turns an ordinary mortar into a universal adhesive and at the same time into a sealant with good waterproof properties.

2. The mixture becomes more plastic.

3. Increases adhesion to the substrate and the strength of the finish.

Tiles in the bathroom will last at least 15 years (and in the kitchen - all 20), if fresh cement is used for cooking, quarry sand(in a ratio of 1: 4) and PVA glue (1/20 of the total volume). The quality can be improved if PVA is added to the cement, having previously been mixed with water (in the ratio: 2 hours of glue to one part of water).

An important point: it is PVA that is poured into water, and not vice versa. The resulting mixture is carefully stirred. As a result, after drying, the glue is practically not noticeable, since when mixed with water, it becomes transparent.

Surface plastering

By adding glue to the plaster, you can achieve better plastering of walls or ceilings due to the slow absorption of moisture. The cement mortar will not dry as quickly, allowing finishers to finish the surfaces more thoroughly.

In addition, polyvinyl acetate:

1. Plays the role of a plasticizer. Read more about plasticizers for cement mortar.

2. Increases the strength properties of the plaster.

3. The quality of adhesion to the treated surface improves.

But, if you plan to plaster the walls in a room with high humidity, the addition of glue is not recommended even in a small proportion. It is not used in facade decoration.

Specialists who use cement-based plaster with the addition of PVA for wall decoration note high qualities:

• cement in places where chips are sealed in the blind area is more durable;
• the plaster lays down in an even layer and is securely fastened to the surface.

To prepare the plaster, glue is added to the cement-based solution in a ratio of 150 ml per 10 liters of the composition. Although just one spoon of high-quality polyvinyl acetate can not only improve the structure of the mixture, but also change its appearance.

Screed mortar

Concrete easily yields to compressive deformation, bending can lead to the destruction of the structure. Water-soluble polymers help to improve the plastic properties of concrete during screeding. Masters consider latex to be the best of them, but it is in great short supply. Therefore, the more affordable PVA glue is used as an additive. At the same time, the proportions are not very strictly observed - as a rule, from 5 to 20% in relation to the mass of the solution.

As a result, strength properties, according to experts, improve one and a half times. At least 3 times the strength of adhesion of concrete to the base. Increases wear resistance by 50%. When buying polyvinyl acetate for the preparation of a mixture for screed, you should be careful. Exist different types glue of this brand, in particular:

• PVA glue for paper based on starch;
• glue for wood with a high content of CMC.

These types are unsuitable for the manufacture of concrete. Polyvinyl acetate containing at least 50% polymer is required.

Optimal for concrete pavement sex is considered the composition in the following proportion:

• portland cement - 100 kg;
• PVA - 20 kg;
• sand - 200 kg;
• crushed stone - 250-300 kg;
• additive in the form of alkali-resistant pigments - at least 5 kg (maximum - 10);
• water to ensure the mobility of the mixture.

The introduction of glue into concrete allows not only to make a high-quality new screed, but also to repair the old one. It is believed that fresh concrete practically does not fall on the old one. But if you introduce special additives, including PVA, the problem is easily solved. Composition (in parts of the total amount):

• cement - 1;
• sand (preferably fine) - 3;
• PVA - 1/2;
• epoxy resin - 4/100;
• hardener (polyethylene polyamine) - 4/100;
• water.

Water is added until the consistency of the mixture begins to resemble batter.

Who does not know about PVA glue, which is actively used for gluing products from different kind materials: wood, ceramics, chipboard, linoleum, paper, glass, fabric and leather bases. The popularity of the glue determines the high-quality adhesion of the material and the surface to be glued, affordable cost, increased resistance to moisture, but at the same time, good solubility in water, which in itself answers the question, how to dilute PVA glue? The purpose of the glue is determined depending on its variety.

PVA glue is the most popular substance in the world. It is universal and useful both when studying at school and when carrying out repairs in a house or apartment.

What is this tool - PVA glue?

The history of the composition has more than a century, and it was invented back in 1912 of the last century in Germany. A couple of years later, the glue entered the sales market and began to be produced for commercial purposes. In 2018, the production capacity of the adhesive exceeded one million tons of the substance.

What is the substance made of

PVA stands for Polyvinyl Acetate Glue, the composition of which consists of:

• a special synthetic fiber based on polyvinyl alcohol - vinalone, which accounts for about 95% of the product;
• a variety of additives that increase plasticity, stability, adhesion strength.

The main types of PVA glue

The main types of PVA glue compositions, divided into types by purpose, include:

• clerical - for gluing paper and cardboard bases;
• wallpaper or household - for gluing paper materials to wooden and cemented surfaces;
• construction - for fiberglass, paper and vinyl compositions. Serves as an additive for primers, which improves the technological properties and adhesion applied in further materials: putties, plasters, dry building mix;
• super M - indispensable when gluing products made of vapor-proof materials, ceramic and porcelain products, fabrics, glass, leather. In addition, it is used in the installation of various floor coverings;
• Extra - used for gluing wood, plywood, construction grids, wallpaper (cork, vinyl, paper, fiberglass), sickles. Used as a strength additive;
• Universal - useful when gluing paper and paper-laminated decorative plastic on wood, glass and metal surfaces.

Is it possible to dilute the glue and with what

So, we have come to a question that interests many: how to dilute PVA glue? We hasten to answer - yes, you can. It just needs to be done right. How to cope with such a seemingly simple task and not ruin the glue, read on.

In order to cope with the task, try to follow some recommendations and dilute the glue only warm water, different kinds of solvents adversely affect technical properties and the structure of the composition, destroying it. In this case, it is necessary to mix the glue as intensively as possible.

How to dilute a highly thickened composition

Let's see if PVA glue can be diluted. When the glue dries, having thickened greatly, a crust or small dry particles resembling flakes form on its surface. These impurities, which the solution may contain, should be removed before applying the composition to the surface.

Clots of a jelly consistency can be left, as they dissolve when stirred.

How to mix dry mix

You already know how and with what to dilute PVA glue in the usual form, but sometimes you have to work with a dry mixture. Such substances are diluted according to the proportion or ratio indicated on the package. The manufacturer recommends adhering to these recommendations, otherwise the adhesive will lose its technical properties and be useless in gluing.

Exception to the rule

If 90% of types of PVA glue can be diluted with water, then 10% falls into a special category adhesive compositions present on the market and not amenable to dilution with water. They, as a rule, are presented in finished form: in a diluted state and in appropriate containers, since they are characterized by an unpleasant chemical odor, and the substance in open jars dries quickly. To prevent the glue from curing, try to buy enough containers that you can apply the glue at one time. This will save both glue and money.

There are exceptions when such glue is diluted, but only with the use of a special synthetic solvent.

How to properly apply diluted glue to the surface

So, having figured out how to dilute thick PVA glue, working with it does not involve difficulties. It's simple enough. The presence of instructions will simplify the task, since the insert contains short info about what this or that type of product is used for gluing and how to use it correctly. Since the application of wood glue and paper glue is different in some way, some people encounter a problem when gluing wooden surfaces. To unpleasant moments have not happened to you, remember a simple rule: apply glue to the side of the product that absorbs the composition more slowly, that is, with a less porous structure.

Is it possible to dilute PVA glue with water, figured it out. Remember that when working with PVA glue, regardless of type, follow some rules:

After studying the information provided in the article, you received an answer to the frequently asked question: “how to dilute PVA glue?”. Taking into account the above recommendations, the use of glue will become for you rational decision if necessary, connect any parts to each other.