Interior decoration of a wooden house: technical features. Deciding on the material for the exterior of a wooden house

Wood is a traditional building material in Russia. The beauty and environmental friendliness of this material are in fashion today more than ever. Wooden walls not only retain heat, but also perfectly cope with many other requirements for modern housing. Nevertheless, finishing the facade of a wooden house is a matter of paramount importance. In the article, we will consider the causes and modern methods of facing in more detail.

If we consider the list of reasons why a wooden house needs cladding, then we can single out both general points and those inherent only to this building material, but first it is necessary to divide all wooden houses into several types. The most common type is frame structures. Their feature is cheapness, and the disadvantage is the lack of air conditioning and moisture exchange. The walls of such houses are especially susceptible to destruction from atmospheric influences.

The second type is buildings made of logs and profiled timber. Building materials for them are manufactured in the factory. The most durable buildings made of wood are houses, cut by hand. Each house has its advantages and disadvantages, but they are all subject to destruction and need protection. We list the main reasons for the protection of external walls.

1. First of all, lining is needed for greater heat retention. Most finishing materials reduce energy costs and increase the internal temperature of the premises.
2. The design of the outer walls protects from atmospheric moisture, thereby protecting the material from destruction.
3. Modern facade decoration serves as a barrier against seasonal temperature fluctuations, which has a positive effect on their durability.
4. Noise-isolating properties of many facade materials help to improve the comfort of the premises.
5. In addition to the standard reasons for cladding, it is worth highlighting fire protection. Wood is a highly flammable material, and proper facade finishing will increase fire resistance.
6. Wood processing protective equipment reduces the processes of decay to which it is subject, and high-quality cladding will increase the life of the walls for decades.
7. The properties of wood to absorb moisture, swell and collapse during freezing are known to any builder. Facade structures protect walls and stabilize natural processes to a safe level.
8. Finishing materials reduce the risk of wood destruction by woodworms.

Types of impact on the walls

Types of decoration of wooden houses

Proposals for facing the facade of a private house on construction market- mass, and each method has its pros and cons. The homeowner will choose the type of decoration that is advantageous in terms of financial capabilities and aesthetic preferences for his home. Let's consider in detail all the options.

Painting

The easiest way to protect your home from the elements is to paint it. Previously, village houses were covered with lime to protect them from rotting and harmful insects. Today, such types of facade paints are produced that cover the surface with a thin decorative film. It creates a moisture-proof layer, does not allow the material to rot and is frost-resistant, does not lose color under the influence of ultraviolet radiation. Walls do not need to be repainted every year, and touching up does not take much time.

Acrylic, acrylate, silicate and modern oil paints are applied to the walls with a brush, roller or spray gun for 2-3 times. Usually, the compositions already contain impregnations against wood insects and mold. Polyurethane paints, which are gaining popularity, combine all the necessary properties of facade mixtures. In addition, they do not require specific drying conditions. The only condition for painting is the absence of moisture. The surface must be dry and the humidity must not exceed 17%.

Coloring has a big plus - it can and should be done immediately after construction. Sometimes experts recommend starting with painting, and only after moving on to a more expensive type of finish.

Facade paints

Wet facade

One effective and inexpensive way to protect walls is to use plaster. But plastering cannot be done on a wooden beam due to poor adhesion to the surface. For this, a crate was used at all times. Such a device system wet facade It is quite effective both for protecting wood from an aggressive environment, and for additional insulation of the house. The plaster layer is a wind and moisture protection of the surface and interior.

Today, facade plaster is a multi-component mixture that is prepared on the basis of Portland cement. Plasticizers are added to it, due to which you can easily achieve a perfectly flat surface. Acrylic plasters are not only excellent water-repellent coating, but also have excellent decorative properties. Before constructing a lattice for plaster, it is necessary to waterproof the surface. To do this, use special mixtures for wood.

Plastering a wood wall

siding

Siding is one of the most profitable options for finishing a wooden house, both in terms of finances and ease of installation. This cheap, lightweight material can be made from PVC or metal. Siding mimics any natural or man-made structure. For example, wood or stone. Metal siding under the "block house" is successfully used for cladding even light buildings, and the appearance of the house becomes capital.

Metal siding "block house"

Siding finishing is characterized by high speed of work. In one night, a dilapidated house can turn into a beautiful new mansion. Such facades are mounted directly on the wall or mounted on the crate using self-tapping screws. When buying siding, pay attention to its technical characteristics.

High-quality panels have good frost resistance, impact resistance and fire protection. Cheaper counterparts are not as durable. The maintainability of the material is good. Dismantling and replacement of a failed section of the cladding can be done alone and fairly quickly.

siding

Clapboard finish

It is quite understandable desire of any owner to decorate the house beautifully and reliably, but at the same time not expensive. A good way out in this case is to use lining. This material is simply attached and adds not only beauty to the walls, but also protection from the cold. Lining happens:

• Simple.
• Eurolining. It differs from the usual greater thickness and width. The connections are made of better quality, which improves the protective functions of the finish.
• Imitation of a bar.

The result of finishing the house with clapboard

Before buying lining, pay attention to the moisture content of the material. If this figure is more than 15%, then cracks in the finish will begin to form during drying. Do not buy knotty material and lining with fungal infections. The most common varieties are from conifers. Deciduous trees are not used, only larch is allowed. The facade is mounted directly on the wall or on a specially made grate. A heater and wind protection are laid on the base of the surface.

Block house

Relatively recently, a block house appeared on the market for facade materials. This material is actually a wooden clapboard, but looks like a rounded log. The house, finished with a block house, looks like a real log house, and with a well-made articulation of the panels, you can’t distinguish it from the real one even up close.

Block house is an environmentally friendly, breathable material that protects walls from mechanical damage, is beautiful way insulate the building and distinguish it from the many similar buildings. Installation of the cladding is simple and accessible to a non-specialist. The parts are equipped with groove-thorn fasteners and are mounted on a wooden crate. The advantage of this finish is that your house remains wooden, but becomes more protected and wear-resistant.

Fixing the block house on wooden house

Thermal panels

For wooden buildings, this practical invention is just a godsend. The thermal panel is a decorative layer and insulation made of expanded polystyrene or polyurethane foam. The outer layer can be metal, plastic or have a complex coating structure, for example, clinker bricks. The thermal material is easily attached to a flat surface with self-tapping screws and glue, and if the wall structure is not ideal, then wooden crates are installed. Installation is carried out with the help of tenon-groove devices, which are equipped with each panel.

A house finished with thermal plates does not need additional insulation, is reliably protected from atmospheric influences, has excellent sound insulation, acquires additional protection from fire, as thermoplates are made of non-combustible materials. In the end, he just has a respectable appearance. If you are the owner of a wooden building, the age of which has been deposited on its appearance, then thermal panels will be a great way to change its appearance beyond recognition, and raise the quality of the facade to the level of a new building.

The thermal panel has high vapor permeability, long service life up to 100 cycles of frost resistance. A big plus of thermal panels is easy dismantling and maintainability.

Facing the house with thermal panels

Hinged facades

Hinged or ventilated facades began to be used from the middle of the 20th century in Europe. This design was actively spread around the world in the late nineties and early 2000s. Its principle lies in the construction of an external crate from a special metal profile or from wood and mounting facade panels of various structures on it. This finish has positive aspects, which are especially important for wooden walls.

1. The ventilated space allows the wood to breathe, which enhances exploitation.
2. The dew point is taken out of the walls with the help of a heater, which is applied directly between the crate. Commonly used mineral wool. In the case of a wooden house, this insulation is most preferable, since it has a vapor permeability, unlike polystyrene.
3. Exterior finishes can be anything, as hinged façade panels imitate everything from stone to painted walls.
4. Noise isolation and frost resistance of such a facade is the highest of all types of finishes.
5. Any person who wants to do the work on fastening will master. If you use cassette or sandwich panels, installation is even more simplified.

Ventilated facade device

The disadvantage of such a finish may be the incorrectly selected weight of the entire structure. It is necessary to calculate the load on the walls and not to choose heavy facade slabs, for example, porcelain stoneware.

Facing brick

For many years, not the simplest, but very effective method wooden facade cladding - brick lining. This finish increases the strength of the building several times, insulates it and makes it impervious to adverse natural influences. Noise and wind protection of houses under a brick "shell" is very high.

Facing bricks are made using a mortar or special metal clamps from the foundation. That is why it cannot be used facing brick in case of a weak foundation, irreparable damage to the house can be caused due to significant weight.

brick cladding

Finishing the facade with tiles

Many, not without reason, believe that the installation of tiles on wooden facades is impossible. Indeed, the adhesive strength of the mortar with wood is rather low, but there is a way out in which wooden facades are tiled in the same way as stone ones. To do this, it is necessary to plaster the wall, as indicated in the previous chapters. Tiles are laid on a perfectly flat surface in the usual way.

It is important to remember that you can use tiles intended only for facade work!

Exterior cladding with MDF facade tiles

Facade tiles can have special fasteners, then they can be mounted with self-tapping screws to the wall or on a special grid in increments of the size of the tile. Tiles can be ceramic, fiber cement, concrete or PVC. The use of clinker tiles is quite possible for decorating wooden houses.

Clinker coating is a type brickwork, and is made of high quality ceramics at temperatures above 1000 degrees. Such a facade is impact-resistant and frost-resistant: clinker tiles can withstand up to 150 cycles. Installation is carried out by ordinary laying on plaster using a mortar or on a crate.

Installation of tiles on the crate

Decoration with facing stone

Facing stone will add beauty and respectability to even the most ordinary wooden building, increase the durability and strength of the facade. This finishing material does not lose its appearance for 30 years or more, has good UV protection and provides additional noise insulation to the premises.

Decoration with a stone is made on a plastered surface with a special solution based on cement and plastic additives. Everyone can lay out a stone wall alone. This work is simple but painstaking. But at the end you will find a unique appearance of the house. The cost of masonry is slightly higher than some other types of finishes.

Important! It is impossible to do facing with a stone on an unprepared tree. The wall must first be provided with a grate and plastered.

Finishing a wooden house with a stone with your own hands: video master class

Many people think that the decoration of the facade of a wooden house cannot be varied due to the peculiar properties of wood. But it's not. We tried to show how much can be done to insulate and ennoble the walls of an ordinary wooden house with our own hands.

It is obvious that interest in suburban housing in general, and in wooden houses in particular, has grown. We can say that wooden houses are experiencing a rebirth. If earlier they bought houses built many years ago, and then remodeled them for themselves, now a lot of houses are built from scratch and it is from wood. And this fact cannot but rejoice. Where, if not in Russia, one wants to see beautiful wooden houses, in which one can immediately guess the famous traditions of Russian architects, and not the senseless and ugly heap of bricks with which we were “littered” in the 90s. Where, if not in Russia, is it nice to see modern and beautiful houses made of logs - ordinary and rounded, as well as from timber, which have preserved traditions and are made using new technologies.

Observers are interested in seeing the external beauty of a wooden house, and their owners also want to see the inner beauty of their homes. And at the same time, you don’t want to give up the benefits of civilization, and why? Therefore, the decoration of a wooden house inside is a complex and multi-level process, which is designed to become a kind of bridge in time. A bridge between the centuries-old folk traditions and the modern benefits of civilizations. In this case, neither one nor the other side should be infringed. Is it possible? Practice shows that yes!

Wood is a unique natural material that will never be surpassed by any artificial one, which is trying to give the properties of what Mother Nature has created. It is not for nothing that so many floor and wall coverings are made “under the tree”. Wood-look laminate, wood-look MDF panels, wood-look ceramic tiles and many other things made for this material. Why is this being done? Is it really impossible to just apply this very tree and do nothing at all. Of course you can! A person will always build wooden houses, but one must understand that in addition to the obvious advantages, wooden houses also have weaknesses.

The fact is that not only we people love a tree. He is also loved by other inhabitants of our planet, who perceive him as food or arranging a home in him. We cannot but take into account their needs, so we have to take this into account. For this, certain barriers are made in the form of chemicals that will repel unwanted living creatures. And measures for the biological protection of a wooden house are made precisely at the stage of interior decoration.

The tree loves another of the most beautiful and powerful elements of our world - the element of Fire. And there is no escape from this either. We, as humans, cannot force Fire to stop loving a tree. We can only take measures to ensure that there are no conditions for its uncontrolled occurrence in our house. That is, we can also “agree” with Fire if we take certain measures. The first measure is to reduce the likelihood of its development, and the second is that even when it appears, you need to resist to the last, you need to prevent it from burning unhindered. Fire protection measures are also carried out at the stage of interior decoration of a wooden house.

A modern wooden house is very different from its "remote ancestors", where the only engineering systems were a stove and lamps. The power supply of housing in our time is very large. This includes electrical wiring, a heating system, a water supply system, a sewerage system, computer networks, a telephone, video surveillance, and television. All these engineering systems require a place for their placement, they must be calculated and made in such a way as to perform their functions and be safe for the house and the people living in it. And all these activities are also done at the stage of interior decoration of a wooden house.

If earlier wood was the most common and affordable building material, now it has become elite and building a wooden house is far from a cheap pleasure. For all the undoubted advantages in the form of environmental friendliness, hygiene, aesthetics, you have to pay a lot of money. And, of course, when decorating a wooden house inside, only those materials should be used that will only emphasize all its advantages.

Taking into account all of the above, you can present a set of requirements for the interior decoration of a wooden house:

• Firstly, the interior decoration of a wooden house should include measures for biosecurity and fire protection of the house. This is done with the help of special compounds, which, in addition to the protective function, can also perform a decorative one.
• Secondly, a feature of wooden houses is that it is impossible to ditch walls or make concrete screeds in them, as in stone houses. It turns out that all engineering communications have to be hidden behind the interior decoration.
• Thirdly, at the stage of finishing a wooden house, walls are also caulked and additional insulation if required.
• And finally, when decorating a wooden house, natural materials should be used inside for the most part, for obvious reasons. Very often it is justified not to cover the walls or ceiling with anything at all, but to leave them open, having previously treated them with protective and decorative compounds.

A feature of wooden houses is that they shrink, and this process can continue for several years. This cannot be ignored when interior decoration, so it is done in stages. Let's call these steps:

• Treatment with bioprotective and flame retardant compositions.
• Caulking (caulking) of walls.
• Laying of engineering communications.
• Interior wall decoration.
• Ceiling arrangement.
• Floor covering flooring.
• Staining and painting.

Treatment of a wooden house with antiseptics and flame retardants

As mentioned earlier, wood needs protection both from adverse environmental factors and from various representatives of the world of plants, fungi and animals. Of natural influences, wood least of all loves the effects of ultraviolet rays, which are present in the solar spectrum and destroy lignin, a compound that is the main one in the structure of woody wood cells. This is what determines the ability of wood to withstand static and dynamic loads. When it is destroyed, we can observe how the surface of logs or timber becomes dry, rough and loses its natural color.

The most terrible for wood is a fungal infection, and it can be wood-staining or wood-destroying. If the first only creates spots on the surface, but does not affect the physicochemical properties, then the second leads to the destruction of the structure. This process is known to us as putrefaction. And if someone claims that it is possible only at high humidity, then he will be wrong, since already at a level of 18-20%, destructive fungi can develop quite successfully. Initial moisture and lack of air exchange will only contribute to their growth, since further moisture will be obtained from decay products.

Some fungi are able to infect a tree only during its lifetime, while others, more dangerous for us, develop already in felled trees. Therefore, on good productions wood is protected immediately so that it can be protected during storage, transportation and construction. But such protection is short-lived and lasts from 2 to 6 months, which, in principle, is enough for construction. But then you should apply the composition of a longer action. What should you pay attention to when choosing an antiseptic composition.

• Firstly, you should take into account the duration of the composition, the longer it is, the better, but also more expensive.
• Secondly, each composition has its own purpose: for external or internal processing, special formulations for baths, for terraces and railings, for processing the ends of logs, etc.
• Thirdly, it is necessary to take into account the composition of the antiseptic. Preferred materials for water based.
• Fourthly, it is necessary to take into account the influence of the composition on the human and animal organisms. Some products are strictly not recommended for indoor use.
• Fifthly, some protective compounds are recommended to be used together with protective coatings: wear-resistant varnishes or paints.
• Sixth, you need to take into account the consumption of antiseptic per 1 square meter the area to be treated and the number of layers required.
• And, finally, it is advisable to get acquainted with the experience of using a specific composition, and not read it on the manufacturer's website or on a thematic forum, but personally verify the effectiveness of the example of a specific treated structure. So you can be sure of the optimal ratio of price and quality.

Let's bring short review one of the most common antiseptics in Russia produced by Senezh Preparations, which are known under the Senezh trademark. These drugs have proven themselves well in Russian conditions.

Image	Name	Description
	"Senezh Aquadecor"	Designed for long-term protection against precipitation, UV radiation, woodworms and various fungi. It has a tinting effect, made on an acrylate basis.
	"Senezh Ecobio"	Designed for indoor use. Protects against insects and all types of fungi. The term of protection is up to 25 years. Water based composition.
	"Senezh Ultra"	A versatile, water-based protective compound that can be used both indoors and outdoors. Validity - up to 30-35 years. Gives the treated wood a pistachio tint.
	"Senezh Bio"	General purpose water-based, hard-to-rinse antiseptic for heavy-duty applications. The validity period is 30-35 years. Gives the tree a greenish tint.
	"Senezh Ognebio Prof"	Designed for comprehensive protection indoors and outdoors under a canopy from insects, fungi, as well as from fire and the spread of fire. Water based composition.
	"Senezh Tor"	Designed to protect the ends of large-sized logs from uneven drying, cracking and biological damage. It can be used to protect the ends inside structures. Composition based on water-borne polymer.

The table shows only some protection products from the Senezh Preparaty range, which, in principle, show the areas of application. In addition to this manufacturer, there are other well-known world brands Tikkurila, Belinka, Pinotex and others. For each house, depending on the operating conditions, specialists select those who will fulfill their task. Water-based compounds can be used as a primer before finishing varnish or paint, which increases their protective properties and service life.

The compositions are applied to dry wood, cleaned of dirt and dust. Application methods are standard: brush, roller or spray. Autoclave processing is carried out only in industrial conditions. Usually any composition is applied in at least two layers. The consumption of a particular drug depends on its specific brand and the condition of the wood. In any case, it is necessary to use the instructions for use attached to each product.

One of better ways applying protective compounds is spraying

Video: How to choose a wood preservative - fire protection, biosecurity, bleaching agents and impregnations

Caulk of the walls of a wooden house

With all their advantages, wooden houses have a significant drawback - they shrink, and for quite a long time and still experience seasonal fluctuations in geometric dimensions. This can lead to cracking of the solid wood, and also leads to the fact that the seams between the logs or timber also change in size and there is no way to do without sealing.

Natural materials for caulking

From time immemorial, architects naturally knew about this problem and took measures to seal the seams, which they called caulking or caulking. For these activities, three main materials were used:

• Moss caulk. This method is the oldest and time-tested. The material used was cuckoo flax - moss, which grows in abundance in forests, as well as in swampy meadows. Most probably know the tufts of this moss in the form of soft bright green pillows. Another type of moss that has been and is still used is sphagnum, which grows in abundance in swamps, it is not difficult to get it in the required quantity.

• Seal the seams with tow. This material based on coarse linen is still used today, especially at the stage of building a log house. Excellent insulating properties, centuries-old traditions and a low price determine the widespread use of tow.

• Caulking with hemp is made with special ropes, which are made from jute or hemp fiber. These natural materials are widely used now and in order to give the seams an aesthetic appearance, which only emphasize the natural naturalness of the house.

Primary caulking is always done during the construction of the log house or immediately after. The secondary is done after the final after its shrinkage, that is, after 18-24 months. Although these works seem simple, they require special care, since caulking is done first from the outside, and then inside, and you need to move one crown after another from the bottom up and nothing else. In no case should seams be sealed on a single wall, since a log house can greatly change its geometry - it can skew.

For these works, a very simple tool, tested for centuries, is used. This is a set of special caulking blades and a wooden mallet. Caulkers are often made of wood so as not to damage logs or beams during insulation. Dried natural insulation is twisted into bundles and carefully hammered into interventional gaps. The technology of caulking can be seen in the video.

Natural materials for caulking, of course, have advantages precisely in the form of their naturalness. But it would be foolish in the 21st century not to consider other options for sealing interventional joints, especially since science and production technology have gone a long way since our distant ancestors had no choice but moss or hemp. The weak points of natural insulation are:

• Any natural insulation in the interventional gaps is still an alien material that reacts differently to the effects of temperature and humidity than wood. From this, gaps will inevitably appear anyway and periodically it will be necessary to make repairs.
• Humans are not the only ones who like natural fibers, so rodents and birds will want to steal some of the valuable fiber for their nests at any opportunity. For insects, this is, in general, an ideal habitat.

Filming from the crime scene. Theft of tow by birds in especially large sizes

• If the humidity in the joints reaches critical values, then it is natural materials that will contribute to the development of fungal infections of the tree. Illiterately executed caulking, on the contrary, contributes to the decay of the log house precisely at the joints.

Video: Caulking log cabin baths

Synthetic materials for caulking a wooden house

The first place among synthetic sealants for wooden houses is considered to be acrylic. And this happens for obvious reasons:

• Acrylic compositions have thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion very close to wood, which allows them to respond equally to temperature changes.
• Acrylic primers are very good adhesion to the tree, they penetrate deep into the composition of the wood, forming an almost monolithic structure, they also have good elasticity and a long service life.
• Acrylic-based compositions have excellent bactericidal and antiseptic properties. There will be no living creatures in the seams treated with acrylic sealants.
• Acrylic primers are available in a wide range of colors, which allows you to realize any design idea. In addition, they can be easily painted after drying.

• Acrylic-based sealants designed for indoor use are absolutely harmless to humans and animals.
• Acrylic sealants are very easy to apply. The main condition is a temperature above +5°C and relative dryness indoors or outdoors.

The high price of acrylic sealants is more than offset by their undeniable operational advantages.

Polyurethane-based sealants have also found use in caulking seams with synthetic compounds. Although they have good adhesion to wood, their thermal conductivity and thermal expansion differ from wood. That is why it is better to still use acrylic sealants.

On our portal, the process of choosing an interventional sealant and its correct application is described in sufficient detail in the corresponding one. We will just give a few examples of sealants on acrylic base, and also provide readers with the opportunity to calculate their approximate number depending on the width and depth of the seam.

Image	Name	Brief description of the sealant
	Acrylic sealant Energy Seal, packing - cartridges 325, 840 ml, bucket 19 l. Country of manufacture - USA.	Designed for sealing narrow and normal joints, as well as cracks up to 2.5 cm wide. Can be used both indoors and outdoors. Available in 12 colors.
	Acrylic sealant Perma-Chink, packing - cartridges 325, 840 ml, bucket 19 l. Country of manufacture - USA.	Designed for sealing wide joints - from 2.5 to 15 cm. For indoor and outdoor use. Available in 8 colors.
	Sealant acrylic Therma Chink, packing 600 ml, 7 kg, 15 kg. Country of origin - Russia.	For sealing the seams of wooden houses both outside and inside the house. Available in 5 colors.
	Sealant acrylic Eurotex, packing 600 ml, 3 kg, 6 kg, 25 kg. Country of origin - Russia.	For sealing the seams of wooden houses both outside and inside the house. Available in 4 colors.

The table intentionally lists two U.S.-made premium quality sealants and two US-made sealants. Russian production also very good quality. For comparison, we will give the order of prices for imported goods and imported goods and make sure that the domestic manufacturer should still be trusted. For example, a bucket of 19 liters of Energy Seal sealant will cost 33,000 rubles as of the summer of 2016, and 15 kilograms of the Russian Therma Chink will cost 7,500 rubles. If converted into kilograms, then 1 kg of imported sealant will cost 1089 rubles, and 1 kg of Russian - 500 rubles. Therefore, the choice is yours, our dear readers.

For an approximate calculation of the amount, we present a calculator with which you can calculate the approximate amount of sealant. It is very difficult to accurately calculate the amount, since the seam between logs or timber rarely has a strict geometry, and the consumption is very dependent on the skill of the master.

Calculator: Calculation of the amount of acrylic interventional sealant

Wooden houses are very popular among the population, because they are distinguished by beauty, environmental friendliness and a kind of grace. Inside, such a dwelling creates a warm and cozy atmosphere. If you properly finish such a house from the inside, then for many years several generations of residents will be able to live in comfort and beauty. Photos of examples of interior decoration of houses can be viewed in the presented selection.

When choosing materials for the interior decoration of a wooden house, you should pay attention to many factors. Summer-only homes and all-season buildings require different materials. If the house is built for living only in the warm months, then there is no need for any additional insulation materials. In this case, varnish, stain or special tinting is sufficient for wood processing.

A wooden house is good because it retains its unique microclimate. The materials used for interior decoration should not adversely affect temperature and humidity. The optimal finish for such a house should be suitable in composition to wood, that is, to be safe and environmentally friendly.

The coefficients of the main material of the house and decoration should also be taken into account, since the temperature difference and humidity can expand or contract the materials. Wet rooms with strong heating are undesirable to build from a coniferous array. In such a microclimate, resin actively begins to stand out. When decorating different rooms in the house, you should take into account the features of the room, but keep the overall theme.

Features of the use of drywall

Drywall as a finish is recommended to use if you need to eliminate any defects: smooth uneven walls or close communications. Interior partitions are made from drywall, and ceilings are also trimmed with them. If you want to decorate the room with high humidity, it is recommended to use moisture resistant materials, and if the temperature is elevated, then fire-resistant coatings will be required. Under the drywall, a crate of timber is usually installed. The design of a metal profile for wooden houses is not suitable.

clapboard

Although lining has been used in construction for a long time, new ones have now appeared, modern views this material. The photo shows that it looks very aesthetically pleasing and easy to install. The slats are connected to each other using special fasteners, allowing you to create a perfectly smooth beautiful surface. Clapboard lining is suitable for a bathroom, kitchen, veranda, that is, for rooms where it is always humid.

The lining has the following advantages:

• environmental friendliness;
• ease of installation;
• a wide palette of various colors and shades;
• large selection of varieties.

The disadvantages of this material include too high a price and the fact that it needs careful maintenance. Before you begin to sheathe the walls with clapboard, you need to install a crate of timber. The lamellas are thoroughly cleaned and dried beforehand. If there are stains, they are removed with ammonia or hydrogen peroxide. The final stage is coating the lining with varnish, sanding and one more varnishing.

Block house

AT recent times A new type of wall paneling, the block house, has gained great popularity all over the world. The use of this material for cladding the walls of a wooden house allows you to save the unique microclimate of the room. Block house made of wood High Quality and surpasses natural wood in its characteristics and performance. Even after a few years, the finish looks brand new.

The main advantages of the block house:

1. mechanical strength;
2. environmental friendliness;
3. aesthetic appearance;
4. light weight;
5. ease of assembly.

The texture of the material resembles natural wood and is highly decorative. From the photo you can evaluate the quality and aesthetics of the block house. For interior decoration, lamellas with a thickness of no more than 25 mm are suitable. It is undesirable to use thicker lamellas, since increased strength of the timber crate will be required. This, in turn, will lead to a decrease in free space in the room. The disadvantages of the material include too low vapor permeability and increased flammability.

When calculating the required amount of material, always add 10% to the stock. If suddenly there are not enough lamellas, then you will have to buy from another batch, which may differ slightly in color. After delivery from the warehouse, the material must lie in the room for two days in order to reach room temperature.

Stages of work when finishing a block house:

• the material is mounted on a crate made of timber, every 50 cm;
• the distance between the bars is laid out with a heater. In this way, heat and sound insulation is preserved;
• individual boards of the block house are easily connected to each other with the help of protrusions located on their surface, this can be seen in the photo;
• on top, the material is varnished, which should be updated periodically.

Clean log house

If desired, you can make the interior of the house with a clean log house. This will preserve the natural style of the room, providing a unique aroma of fresh wood. In recent years, this type of finish has become increasingly popular due to environmental friendliness, beauty and durability.

A clean log house requires regular maintenance: updating the coating, removing dust and pollution. After five years, additional grinding and varnishing of the surface will be required.

The disadvantages of this type of finish include high flammability and the possibility of decay. Also clean log house will not be able to hide the flaws of the walls, which are formed over time from moisture, temperature changes and shrinkage.

Plaster

Plaster in wooden houses is suitable only as a decorative coating for some areas. It will be correct to finish with textured types of material.

The advantages of this type of material, they can be seen in the photo:

• quickly levels surfaces;
• retains its original properties for a long time;
• very resistant to various mechanical influences;
• does not need careful care;
• dirt is not absorbed;
• large palette of colors and textures.

The price of the material in stores is quite high. Moreover, the putty finish needs to be updated every five years due to the shrinkage of the wooden house. If this does not scare, then the finish can be done with the help of plaster.

Painting

This option for finishing a private house is suitable for smooth surfaces without any flaws. First you need to carefully sand and tint the surfaces of the walls. The existing small defects in the seams are hidden with a special cord. It also serves as a heat-insulating element.

By painting the surfaces of a wooden house, you can highlight the natural beauty and style. For wall surfaces and ceilings, both colored antiseptic and water-based paint are suitable. Such processing creates aesthetics and allows the base to breathe.

What is good color antiseptic:

• protection against fungal diseases and mold;
• preservation of the structure of the tree and the natural texture of the log house;
• aesthetic appearance;
• the natural patterns on the wood stand out, creating a decorative tone.

First, the surfaces are treated with a colorless antiseptic, and then coated with a tinting solution. If desired, you can achieve any intensity of color. It depends on how many layers to apply. In modern stores, you can choose a tinting composition of a wide variety of shades. Types of coatings have a different structure - from glossy to silky matte. The choice of coloring, as shown in the photo, will help create an individual style of the room.

Panels

This is a fairly popular type of decoration that helps to emphasize the unique style of the interior. The choice of materials is very large, so that everyone can choose them according to their taste and for different styles. modern panels are made of laminated, veneered MDF, which imitates drawings not only of wood, but also of leather, bamboo, gypsum.

What are wall panels good for:

• convenient installation;
• good heat and sound insulation;
• stylish look.

Panels are selected according to the size in each case. First you need to install a fixed crate of timber. It is very easy to mount the elements; for this, a tongue and groove system is used. After finishing the work, a smooth coating without seams is obtained, which is suitable for the interior of any room.

Choosing a surface for the floor

Choosing a floor covering for a wooden house should be done with great care, because it should be distinguished by significant strength and reliability. Natural boards on the floor emphasize the style of the room, harmoniously complement it. In order to protect the boards from moisture and exposure to pathogenic microorganisms, they are varnished and antiseptic.

Finishing the floor with laminate will decorate the room, creating a unique style. This coating is laid down very quickly. The laminate looks quite natural, it has the structure of natural wood. It does not require special care and is quite durable.

Experts assure that in a private house it is necessary to use thermal insulation. Special insulating material is laid on the subfloor until the final finish. Insulation can be mineral wool, foil insulators or special bulk materials, such as shown in the photo. Thermal insulation is laid out in the gap between the beams. The insulated subfloor should not come into contact with the finish. Between them there must be a gap of at least two centimeters.

How to finish the ceiling

For home decoration, how it is processed is of great importance. ceiling surface. With the help of various materials, you can visually enlarge the room, make it more spacious and comfortable.

The coffered finish is becoming increasingly popular among buyers. Thanks to the combination of wooden beams and decorative inserts, it looks very beautiful and unusual. You can also use the painting on the ceiling. This option is more suitable for ethno style.

Ceiling in wooden building if desired, it can also be trimmed with clapboard. With its help, a flat surface is created, and, thanks to the various textures and shades of the material, the completed ceiling will stand out against the background of the wall cladding.

Those who prefer a loft or country style interior may not finish the ceiling at all. Natural wood with natural chips, cracks and patterns will look very natural in such interiors, and the original beauty of the material will be preserved.

In the presented photo you can see the Scandinavian style of housing design. It is distinguished by a stylish concise design. This style is characterized by the use of natural wooden materials, both for the construction of the building and for its decoration. Such a house will have a different personality.

When finishing the ceiling in a room where it is often humid, the choice of materials should be approached especially seriously. It is undesirable to use only wood in this case, as it can rot over time. In rooms such as kitchen, bathroom, toilet, it is best to use stretch ceilings. The PVC coating will reliably protect the tree from moisture and steam. It has a varied palette of colors and textures and ultimately looks stylish and in the spirit of the times.

The most suitable ceiling materials:

• stretch coatings;
• laminate;
• veneered panels.

How to sheathe walls

When finishing a wooden house, wall cladding is started after the installation of communications and electrical wiring is completed. First, the surfaces must be checked with a level and make sure that they are even. If there are irregularities, it is necessary to mount a frame or crate for laying. When installing a crate from a bar between the slats, it is required to leave a space of 40 to 70 centimeters. It is filled with insulating material.

Having fixed the insulation, they begin to clean it up. It can be used for a variety of modern materials. Everyone makes the choice of surface, based both on their individual preferences and on the stylistic decision of the interior of the room, as can be seen in the photo. Lining and other materials imitating timber are very popular.

When using a lining that imitates timber, the room will acquire an original style, warmth and comfort. Be sure to before laying you need to make sure that there are no defects in the material: chips, damage and knots. After laying, the surface is treated with a special putty, sanded, stained and varnished.

When choosing between a matte or glossy finish, experts advise purchasing a semi-matte finish.

The fact is that glossy compositions acquire an unpleasant unnatural sheen after a short time.

Asking the question of what kind of finishing material is the best for covering walls, we can say that this is a natural frame. Of course, first you need to sand it, tint it, and then apply an antiseptic or water-based paint to protect the tree from various external damage. Also suitable for any materials on a natural wooden base. Modern stylish materials include cork, but he has significant disadvantage- high price. If money is not an issue, then cork flooring can be a great option.

Stages of finishing a wooden house from the inside:

• caulk;
• finish the walls in a final version;
• sheathe the ceiling;
• lay flooring;
• treat with stain;
• paint.

Before carrying out finishing work, the walls must be treated with fire and bioprotective compounds. They serve to protect wooden surfaces from various external influences: moisture, fire, steam, bugs.

Having decided to build a wooden house, the owners often puzzle over how to hide communications in the walls. Since it is impossible to ditch the walls or use concrete screeds, communications are hidden precisely under the finishing coatings. You need to try to choose a finish so that it looks beautiful, stylish, modern and fits perfectly with the intended interior.

A modern wooden house is an excellent choice for a comfortable family stay. To keep it for a long time, it is necessary to choose and execute the interior decoration correctly, while maintaining environmental friendliness, naturalness, style and beauty.

Wood is chosen as a building material because of its undeniable merits. It has high strength, but relatively low density, so it is processed cutting tools. The tree keeps heat well and does not let in third-party sounds. It is glued, painted, varnished, polished. It is resistant to acids and alkalis. The beautiful texture of wooden surfaces creates comfort and coziness in the house.

However, like others, the tree has disadvantages. When drying, the dimensions of wooden elements decrease, and under the influence of moisture, on the contrary, they increase. Due to the uneven removal of moisture in the wood, there are mechanical stresses that cause cracks to appear. And, finally, the tree is afraid of fire, insects, tree beetles and fungi. These features of the tree are taken into account during the construction of buildings and subsequent decoration.

General finishing rules

Cover internal surfaces wooden walls with finishing materials is not necessary. They are used for warming rooms, or if timber or logs look unaesthetic. If you close wooden walls, keep in mind: the technology of this process is different from that for concrete and brick walls. The differences are dictated by the properties of wood.

1. in order to avoid deformations of the covering materials, the finishing begins after the end of the active shrinkage of the house;
2. before finishing the walls are caulked;
3. so that mold does not form in the house, they use finishing materials that allow air to pass through (when using sealed materials, they mount forced ventilation, but this leads to additional costs).
4. in small houses to prevent exceeding the design load on the foundation and walls, light materials are used;
5. the concrete floor is made taking into account the fact that the concrete, after drying, becomes a fixed monolith, and the tree continues to move for the entire life of the house, which can cause deformation and damage structural elements;
6. in an old house, the condition of the walls is preliminarily assessed. Pay attention to areas that differ in color, density and texture;
7. if the wood crumbles, something destroys it from the inside. For example, it is sharpened by beetles, wood ants, or it rots from dampness. In such cases, contact the specialists of a construction company engaged in the construction of wooden houses. They will determine the cause of the damage and help to eliminate it.

What is shrinkage and when does it end?

Shrinkage is the compaction of the joints of a structure, which occurs under the influence of its weight. Shrinkage reduces the gaps between logs or timber, making the house stronger.

Shrinkage occurs throughout the life of the house, but most intensively - in the first months after construction. The duration of the active period depends on the type of wood, its moisture content at the construction stage, thickness and type (rounded log, regular or glued laminated timber), the season in which the construction work was carried out.

A wooden house with a log height of 3 meters, built from an ordinary log, in the active phase settles by about 10 cm, from an undried timber - by 6 cm, from a timber dried in a special chamber - by 2.5 cm.

During the period of active shrinkage, finishing work is not performed so as not to deform or damage the materials. After its completion, the changes become insignificant and do not affect the finishing work.

On average, the terms of shrinkage of wooden houses are as follows: a house made of glued laminated timber finishes shrinking in 3-4 months, from ordinary timber and logs - at least a year later.

The end of active shrinkage is determined by measuring the height of the walls. If within 1-2 months, when measuring with a tape measure, the height does not change, the shrinkage is over.

Why caulk the walls?

The walls are caulked to eliminate gaps between logs or timber and increase the thermal protection of the house. Jute cord, felt, tow, moss, linen and other materials are used as sealing materials.

Jute is durable, insects do not damage it, it does not rot. But it is caking, which is why over time the gaps between the logs are formed again. Some craftsmen claim that jute cord is not a heat-insulating material at all. Therefore, they say it is used for interior decoration as a decor, and a “real” insulation is laid between the crowns.

Tow has a low thermal conductivity, is not susceptible to fungus, but is laborious to work with, and the seams processed by it have an unaesthetic appearance. In addition, birds pluck out tow when nests are being built. The tow is protected from birds by sheathing the walls on the outside with clapboard.

Felt keeps heat well and does not let smells through. Of the minuses - it is prone to decay and is damaged by moths.

Moss has antiseptic properties, is durable, but like tow, birds love it.

The best material for caulking is sisal, which is made from the leaves of the herbaceous agave shrub that grows in countries with a subtropical climate, and the so-called "manila rope", made from abaca fibers (plants of the banana family). But these materials are more expensive than the above.

log walls caulk twice: a couple of weeks after the construction of the log house and a year after the end of the active phase of shrinkage. Houses from profiled timber are caulked once - after the end of shrinkage.

Caulk outside and inside. Start from the bottom. To avoid warping the walls, they process the crown on one side and immediately move to the other side.

After caulking, the house becomes several centimeters higher. But over time, the material laid between the crowns will condense, and the structure will settle. It is due to this compaction that its thermal insulation properties.

To fix the end of shrinkage after caulking, the height of the walls is periodically measured. Shrinkage is considered suspended if the height does not change within two months. So, you can start finishing.

What materials are used for interior decoration?

The most common are lining, wall panels, drywall. They allow air to pass through, preventing the formation of mold and the appearance of fungus.

Regardless of the choice, wood is preliminarily protected from fungus and mold with antiseptic compounds, and fire resistance is increased by flame retardant impregnations.

How are finishing materials attached?

Attach materials to the surface of the walls or to the frame. The second option allows you to put insulating material, hide the wiring and create a space between the wall and the finish for air circulation and drying the walls.

A gap of 2-4 cm wide is left between the walls and the ceiling in case of deformations and seasonal movements of the structure. The gap is closed with a ceiling plinth.

If a frame is used, in the space between finishing plate and the wall can get rodents and insects.

Against mice, a layer of ecowool is placed under the finish, which these “roommates” do not like. To protect electrical wiring from their sharp teeth, the wires are placed in metal pipes.

To protect the house from carpenter beetles, the walls are treated with antiseptic compounds that contain biocides. These impregnations penetrate deep into the structure of the tree, creating a protective layer through which pests do not penetrate.

Ants do not respond to antiseptics. The house is protected from them at the construction stage, packing the first crown of the log house into a fine mesh.

Clapboard lining

Lining - these are thin sheathing boards connected to each other according to the "thorn-groove" principle, that is, the protrusion (thorn) of one board is inserted into the recess (groove) of the other. About a hundred years ago, the inner walls of passenger cars were sheathed with such planks, from which the name came.

According to the profile, the lining is divided into ordinary and euro lining. The wooden lining is equipped with longitudinal ventilation strips to remove condensate. In addition, it has a deeper groove so that when it dries, there are no gaps between the boards.

Wooden lining, if it is dried by natural drying, it shrinks, which is why cracks appear. The lining, dried in a special chamber-oven, will not have visually significant shrinkage. Conclusion: buy chamber drying boards.

Fasten the lining with nails, self-tapping screws or on the kleamers.

Fasten perpendicular to the frame-crate. Horizontal cladding visually expands the room, vertical cladding makes the ceilings higher.

With horizontal cladding, work starts from the ceiling, directing the grooves of the boards down so that dust does not accumulate there.

Vertical trim lead from the corner. The first board is fixed with nails, subsequently closing the attachment points with a decorative strip.

The last board is also nailed, closing with a decorative strip. Such planks, decorative corners and skirting boards cover all external and internal corners and joints.

The lining is coated with a primer, then paint or varnish.

Wall paneling

Wall panels used in the decoration of large rooms. They are easy to install and allow you to quickly cover large areas. Designers love them for the variety of colors and textures that allow you to create different accents in the interior of the premises.

By size, rack, tile and sheet panels are distinguished. According to the material of manufacture - wooden, bamboo, panels from fine fractions of wood (MDF), particle boards(chipboard), glass, plastic, leather.

In a wooden house natural ventilation use breathable panels: wood, MDF, chipboard. These materials prevent the formation of mold.

Glass is a heavy material, it is not used on thin partitions. In addition, glass does not allow air to pass through.

Plastic panels are breathable, not afraid of dampness, temperature changes. They produce options "under the tree", which look appropriate in a wooden house.

Leather panels also "breathe". They give the room a special chic and luxury, so not every wooden house looks organic. In addition, they are expensive.

Fasten the panels to the frame or to the surface of the walls, if it is even. Mounting methods depend on the material. Light panels are glued or put on staples, heavy ones are nailed and screwed with self-tapping screws.

Features of the use of drywall

Sheathe the walls with drywall, observing the following rules:

1. Mounted on a floating (sliding) frame. It does not change height during shrinkage, so drywall sheets are not deformed or damaged. This method is also used when finishing at the end of the active phase of shrinkage, since a wooden house is subject to seasonal shifts.
2. The sliding frame is done like this. The vertical slats of the frame are not placed close to the floor and ceiling, but with a gap of 4-5 cm above and below. Vertical grooves 5 cm long are sawn in the profile, into which the fastening screws on the washers are screwed, but not “tightly”. If the wall goes down, then the screw screwed into it will slide up along the groove, and the frame with drywall sheets attached to it will remain in place.
3. Between the sheets of drywall, gaps of 2 mm are left - again, as insurance for the possible movement of various sections of the walls. The gaps are covered with putty.
4. Plasterboard sheets paint or paste over with wallpaper, having previously puttied the joints.

How is a concrete floor made in a wooden house?

Concrete flooring has advantages over wood flooring. The latter creaks, rots, and on frosty days it smells cold. Concrete is devoid of these shortcomings, and any coating can be laid on it.

The concrete floor in a wooden house is poured:

1. on an earthen base, if the logs are rotten;
2. over the lag, if the lags are strong;
3. over a wooden floor, that is, they make a screed.

Even after the end of the active period of shrinkage, it is subject to seasonal movements, so the concrete floor is made without a rigid connection with the base, leaving gaps between the concrete and the walls.

Floor on the ground

Before pouring the floor onto the ground, the logs are removed, the soil is covered with gravel or crushed stone. Sand is sprinkled on top. Then a waterproofing material is laid, for example, polyethylene for greenhouses, with an overlap on the walls above the future floor.

Laths are laid on the waterproofing, dividing the surface into strips 1 m wide. The strips are poured with concrete, leaving gaps along the walls in case of deformations, then a screed is made - also with gaps, or dry.

Floor on joists

Before laying the floor on top of the log, the space between them is filled with sand or gravel, tamped and poured with concrete. Then they make a screed, as in the previous case.

Screed on a wooden floor

A screed on a wooden floor is made after its thorough preparation. Skirting boards are dismantled, loose boards are attached to the logs with self-tapping screws, the cracks are sealed with acrylic putty. Then the floor is covered with a waterproofing material with an overlap on the walls, the waterproofing is poured with a leveling screed with a thickness of at least 5 cm with gaps between the walls.

Laid on a screed top coat: linoleum, laminate, parquet, boards.

Ceiling finish

For use drywall, plastic panels, MDF panels, wood lining.

Ceilings are mounted from two layers of sheathing material. Insulation, vapor and waterproofing are laid between the layers. The main types of structures are hemmed, floor and panel ceilings.

The hemmed ceiling is attached to the floor beams with the help of beams or lathing. At the same time, small irregularities are eliminated by placing wooden wedges under the crate. The electrical wiring is hidden under the skin.

The floor ceiling is mounted on the crown of the log house, and not on the floor beams. Used in the arrangement of ceilings of a small area. They are made from boards with a thickness of 1.0 cm or more. A hydro- and heat insulator is laid on the boards.

The panel ceiling is made up of panels. Collect them on the floor. Then installed on bearing beams, fixing again with each other. The result is a complete structure.

So, now you know that the interior decoration of the premises in a wooden house has its own peculiarities. They are due to the properties of wood as a building material. If you take them into account, a wooden house will serve you for a long time without repairs and alterations, and it will be comfortable and cozy in it at any time of the year.

The editors would like to thank the Repair Express company for their help in preparing the material.