What does eco-design mean in the modern world. Modern eco-design in the interior: general rules and examples of implementation

Sustainable design is the main theme of exhibitions, congresses and forums. Greenery is the main trend for architects, designers and decorators. We get acquainted with the main terms of eco-design.

ECO DESIGN

Items made from recycled or natural materials. Solar powered gadgets. Anything that can be easily turned into new items or recycled later.

1. Australian designer Brodie Neill invented Gyro table from ocean debris that is thrown onto the beaches of Cornwall, Hawaii and Tasmania, for London Design Biennale 2016. So that visitors to the exhibition can be convinced that garbage can be beautifully reused.
2. Swedish company Traullit came up with sound-absorbing wall panels in the form of honeycombs made from recycled wood.

In the lane from English. "recycling".

Designers are seriously working on collections of furniture, accessories, clothes and shoes made from recycled plastic. Even companies of the level Adidas They produce sneakers from the garbage that washed up on the shores of the Maldives. Other responsible manufacturers are thinking about how to dispose of surpluses of their own goods: giant H&M, for example, constantly collects old clothes for recycling.

1. swedish studio From Us With Love created for Ikea recycled plastic kitchen The filling of the facades is recycled wood, the top coating is plastic. One piece equals 25 bottles. The service life of the kitchen is 25 years.
2. cosmetic brand store Aesop in downtown Los Angeles is completely lined with cardboard sleeves from a textile factory. Usually rolls of fabric are wound around them and thrown away as unnecessary, and the California bureau Brooks + Scarpa used them as wall panels.

- translated from English. "sustainability".

"Sustainable Project" means that the object causes a minimum of harm to the environment. A building to which dirty water is recycled and used to irrigate lawns around, a solar-powered house, waste sorting in production, reuse of office paper, savings are all examples of sustainability. Ideally, the object should compensate nature for everything that it took - water, energy, useful substances, or minimize its presence. Fully autonomous houses were invented in the 1970s by the Swedish architect Bengt Warne. His idea to cover an ordinary house with a greenhouse-dome was picked up and developed by a young studio tailor made. Such a house does not require a connection to the sewer and reuses water from the bathroom and kitchen to water the plants.

Eco-friendly paints, fabrics and wallpapers use less water and energy and do not use chemicals. When used, they do not emit harmful fumes, they can be recycled or disposed of without harm - i.e. they are environmentally friendly. Such eco-friendly paints are in the collections Farrow & Ball, Benjamin Moore and other companies.

Large furniture firms, for example, make sure that the wood that goes into the production of sofas and tables is renewable. A good tone for any brand is to know: how much the supplier cut down, so much he planted. In addition, Visionnaire uses vegetable fillers instead of feathers and down: hemp, cotton, cotton tree fiber, millet and flaxseed. And instead of chrome-tanned leather, she introduced natural dyes. In general, he tries not to harm the environment and people who will use brand items every day.

Text: Ekaterina Polyakova

Modern eco design in the interior (Greek eikos - house, habitat) - "ecological" style ", made of natural materials, giving a feeling of freshness and unity with nature. Today it is one of the most sought-after modern styles.

What is eco-design

Eco design is an attempt to recreate the natural environment in human habitats. The meaning of eco-design lies in the name itself - the interior, made in this vein, is in optimal harmony with the environment. It is in an "environmentally friendly" room that a person can feel all the benefits of natural materials and really take a break from the stuffy city.

Eco-design or naturel is expressed only through its idea, natural beginning, naturalness of materials, colors, correctness of forms.

The main elements of the Eco-design style:

• basic materials: wood, stone, clay, glass, fabrics made from natural materials;
• main colors: beige, brown, white (in contrast with black or dark wood), delicate pastel colors. More often natural colors are used: pale green, pale blue, colors of grass, water, stone, wood, soil;
• closeness to nature or a feeling of closeness, in such an interior it is easy to breathe, there is a lot of light.

History of Eco-Design

This style does not have a turbulent history of development, as well as famous architectural monuments. The style can hardly be called unique, due to the borrowing of forms and methods from other styles.

The appeal to "eco" somehow happens, but this is only a mixture of eco-design with others. For example, the architect Alvar Aalto, the “father of modernism,” designed houses with trees growing through the roofs and vines wrapping around them.

They started talking about eco-design at the end of the 20th century, when people got tired of environmental problems and decided to create their own "clean" world in an apartment or house. This design is interesting because it is dictated by nature itself. A person, as a part of the world and nature, is in no hurry to give it up, seeks to preserve it, reproduce it in a suburban area or apartment, as in eco-design.

Of course, an appeal to nature has been encountered before in other styles. It was expressed in painting, murals, textures, architectural elements and sculptures. The most vividly natural themes were reflected in Art Nouveau. But if modern is based on elements of classical styles, then eco-design is based on modern ones, not disdaining the presence of technology and electronics, which is by no means natural.

Also partly country is eco-design, apart from its departure from modernity. The "progenitors" of eco-design are considered Scandinavian designers, who provided the basis for combining the naturalness of the material and innovative form, as well as Japanese traditionalists.

Due to its positive energy, promoting relaxation, paying attention to health and correctness of life, eco-design in the interior quickly found its fans and continues to be popular in modern houses and apartments.

Today, it is very common to find a mixture of other styles with eco-design, in other words, eco-stylization of the interior.

Eco Design Features

The creation of eco-design in the interior cannot be subject to any axioms, of course, except for the rule that says that only harmless and natural materials can be used. Your character, passions, habits, age and even status can be reflected in the created interior, while its belonging to eco-design will be undeniable.
Eco-design in the interior is very popular and widely used. Suitable for arrangement, both an apartment, a cottage, and a chill-out in the office (a place to relax) and even a meeting room. The main principle of eco-design is naturalness in everything. Therefore, no chipboard, plastic and chrome-plated metal in furniture and decor items.

One of the most significant advantages of eco-design is the great opportunities for the realization of your fantasies, you can use any colors and any natural materials in decoration and furnishing. Natural materials such as reed or other hardwood wallpapers, river stones, which can be used as wall cladding, are perfect.

In ecological style, the content determines the form: everything is made of natural materials. This style invites us to appreciate the virgin beauty of wood, stone, vines, cotton, linen, wool, baked clay. It is not necessary to overload these natural textures with various patterns, reliefs, bright colors and original designs. Let everything be simple and natural.

Style elements

Eco-design walls: wooden panels, cork, simple paper wallpaper with a subtle floral pattern, or better without a pattern at all, or wallpaper made from natural plant materials, you can add ceramic tiles (plain or also with a floral pattern), finishing stone, use white plaster.

Eco-design ceiling: wooden panels, or a combination of wooden beams with a light ceiling (stretch or whitewashed) is an excellent solution for an eco-design interior.
Floor eco design: in eco style laid out from stone or terracotta tiles of a natural shade. Eco-style wooden parquet is no less in demand, both from European species and exotics, bamboo or cork. An additional technique may be the combination of a tree of dark and light species.

Eco-design furniture: made of natural wood, better than solid wood. Tables and stools made of saw cuts and a solid tree trunk and countertops made of natural stone or marble. There should not be a lot of carving, yet the interior is modern, which means that the shape is straightforward, the figures are simple. Facilitate the array, rattan furniture. It is worth mentioning that eco-design furniture is not cheap. In addition to the fact that natural wood furniture is much more expensive than its artificial counterparts, even in eco-style furniture made of solid wood (solid wood without joints) is more preferred. You will only have to put up with this, unless you find “private carpenters” to replace salons with similar furniture, which is extremely difficult. A cheaper alternative would be Scandinavian-style furniture.

For doorways, lightweight solid wood doors or wood veneer doors are desirable. You can add glass interior doors in a wooden frame, curtains made of "beads" made from natural materials (shells, bamboo sticks).

Eco-design fabrics have never been classified as “rich”, traditionally they symbolized the simple rural life. Today, curtains made of matting and matting are considered the height of sophistication. Adherents of ecological style assure that natural undyed fabrics even have a different energy. Choose for curtains and fabric trim things from linen, chintz, canvas, matting, coarse wool. In art salons, gray unbleached canvas is sold at a very affordable price. This is a very effective fabric for decorating an ecological interior. From it you can make curtains, tablecloths, upholstery for furniture. In addition, it makes sense to look after woven blinds-mats: they are suitable both for window decoration and simply as wall mats or dividing screens.

Decor items in eco-design: vases made of glass (usually green) or clay, natural flowers, wicker baskets, chests, tree branches, simple linen or cotton textiles, decorative fountains, wooden or straw fruit bowls and salt shakers. In an eco-design kitchen, bunches of dried herbs and bunches of onions give a special coziness. Every object in an eco-design interior should maintain a sense of natural touch, whether it be a painting or a composition of dried flowers.

Cookware in eco-design should be simple and solid in soft colors. Complicated patterns are not allowed, the pattern in ethnic style is best. The best material would be ceramic or colored glass. Wooden utensils will be good, as well as cotton napkins.

Getting closer to nature, and hence eco-design, will help you to have not just a few flowers in pots, but a created winter garden or its mini-version, when only one zone is decorated with flowers. You can even decorate with stones, lying separately or in the form of a rock garden in a small area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room. An aquarium, a terrarium or a cage with birds will also decorate the interior.

A room made in eco-design should be well lit, it is not just light in it, it has its own weather, gloomy or sunny - it all depends on your mood. To achieve such a high result, fluorescent lamps are used as light sources, which, in addition to performing the main function (lighting), will also save energy.

To decorate a house in the style of naturel, it is not at all necessary to upholster the entire apartment with wood. It is enough to make one thing out of wood - the floor, walls, doors or windows. You can also buy raw, and therefore cheaper wood and bring it to perfection yourself. This, of course, will take more time, but working with natural wood is also, to some extent, communication with nature and a kind of tribute to the chosen ecological style.

The main mistake is the presentation of eco-design in the form of country music, with its large number of decorative elements, carvings, lace, paintings, etc. Do not forget eco-design reflects the modern interior, its minimalism, simplicity and functionality, do not clutter it up and turn it into a house in the countryside.

Eco-design - the embodiment of nature and healing peace

Eco design in the interior is perfect for individuals who feel responsible for the environment in which they live: eco-design is not just a stylish and beautiful interior, but also an expression of a certain position of protest against the boundless consumer instinct and pollution of nature.

A.O. Glazacheva, O.E. Perfilova

Environmental Design:

design tools and criteria

global sociocultural space

An original point of view on the process of globalization is presented, which can become a catalyst for the integration of mankind in the development of a strategy for designing a social and environmentally safe planetary interaction. The article is based on understanding the phenomenon of design as a technology for designing an objective, material, spiritual and holistic environment of human existence based on the principles of "biosphere compatibility". This approach to the socio-cultural assessment of projects for the technical development of nature is considered as a real design alternative to the current environmental crisis.

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Key words: globalization, socio-natural systems, social responsibility, technical systems, eco-design, environmental education, axiological guidelines, environmental culture, environmental competence.

The increasingly complex complex of modern processes of cross-border interactions at various levels, including the intensification of contacts between cultures and social formations in modern conditions, is commonly referred to as "globalization". In the context of large-scale socio-natural changes, this phenomenon is a kind of catalyst for the process of human integration in the development of a strategy for designing a socio-ecologically safe planetary interaction. It became clear that the Cartesian model of cognition of the world, a fragmentary, partial view of the world, obtaining information without understanding the meaning is the cause of a systemic socio-ecological crisis. A civilizational “macroshift” is possible only on the basis of a change in consciousness, the correction of modern culture, the formation of ecological culture, the formation of ecological consciousness, new rationalism, and an expanded view of the world. The ultimate correspondence to the ontos (being) in all types of activities in nature, society, culture, spiritual production, education - this is the “philosophy of the common cause”, which is in demand by the modern socio-cultural and spiritual and moral development of civilization. The time has come to reunite the logic of thinking and the morality of feelings as a condition for human self-preservation by preserving the environment of life. On the basis of a deep transformation of pedagogical science and educational practice, the ideas about the natural conformity of education and upbringing of a person for the realization of his essential forces and abilities are understood in a completely different way.

With regard to the system of environmental education, most researchers today consider the definition of strategic guidelines, goals, objectives, content of environmental education and upbringing in the framework of the "UNECE Strategy for Education for Sustainable Development", which was developed by the Committee on Environmental Policy of the European Economic Commission and adopted at a high-level meeting of representatives of the Ministries of Environment and Education. As a leading approach to learning, the strategy considers a competency-based approach, which is designed to empower people to live in harmony with nature and take care of social values ​​and cultural diversity. In this way,

the modern stage of social development makes ever new, higher demands on a person as a professional and a citizen, as a person. According to some scientists, the XXI century. is called to become a century of human qualities (A. Peccei), a humanitarian century (Levi-Strauss K.), the beginning of an ecological era in the development of mankind (Girusov E.V., Liseev I.K.).

Approving a new algorithm for cognition, comprehension and transformation of the world - “consciousness determines being”, we come to the need for an ontological, essential understanding, reflection of the world, realizing that the essence of a person is not his bodily biological form and social organization, but the possession of a spiritualized mind. The ultimate correspondence to the ontos (existing) in nature, the world and society and man is the methodological basis on which it is possible to understand, comprehend and correct modern culture. Moral philosophy, incorporation into nature, its cycles, conformity to nature, biospheros-compatibility - those new axiological guidelines that can help humanity adequately respond to the global challenges of our time.

The aggravation of the ecological crisis caused a critical analysis of technical forms and structures from the point of view of their impact on the environment according to the criteria of not causing harm to natural ecosystems, "inscribed" in natural ecosystems. In ecological philosophy, the concept of “biosphere compatibility” mentioned above is justified as an approach to the socio-cultural assessment of projects for the technical development of nature. Increasing attention to the system "nature - man - society" has led to the emergence of a number of "boundary" areas of identification and activity: social ecology, anthropoecology, geoecology, ecological consciousness, ecological culture, ecological design.

In cultural studies, the concept of "ecological culture" is actively asserting itself. We share the opinion of Anisimov O.S., Kozlova O.N. and a number of other authors that ecological culture is a culture of a new quality, in which the essential forces of a person are realized, his spiritualized mind, harmonizing the relationship of the spirit, consciousness and being of a person. Researchers are unanimous that ecological culture is a way of self-realization of a person within a certain - ecological - framework, that it is an internal determinant of any human activity, including design.

One of the most important tasks of environmental education is the formation of future specialists, regardless of their professional orientation, skills, attitudes, values, motivation

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Ecological culture in the context of sustainable development

to personal participation in solving environmental problems to improve the quality of the living environment. Purposeful scientific analysis of objective and subjective factors, conditions and means of building the educational process in higher educational institutions is also due to the socio-cultural need to develop the abilities of students, to educate them in environmentally oriented life values ​​and humanistic attitudes. A special role in this sense belongs to the modern phenomenon of design and directly to the specialist designer. When the phenomenon of design is understood as the design of an objective, material, spiritual and holistic environment of human existence, its importance in designing the quality of human life extraordinarily increases. Thus, the training of designers, their professional development and environmental competence are moving to the forefront of pedagogical science and educational practice. In this regard, and against the background of the growing environmental crisis, ecologists, psychologists, teachers, sociologists are jointly searching for methodological, theoretical, technological and methodological foundations for the environmental education system of future specialist designers, which should inspire hope for the real practical implementation of fundamental developments in the field of innovative educational technologies.

One of the leading contradictions in design education is related to the insufficient theoretical development of the essence of design as a cultural phenomenon, the opposition of science and design. Design methodologist K. Jones, arguing that design should not be confused with either art or science, emphasizes that in searching for the optimal solution within an ideal model, an abstract image, the designer sometimes has to reformulate the problem itself. In fact, the designer implements hermeneutic methods in understanding the problem, strives to understand the meaning of the problem, and not just the embodiment of knowledge, information about the subject in the project. Summarizing, we can say: science explores what exists, design projects due, which will agree with the aphoristic statement "science is analytical, design is constructive." Design gives impetus to the creation of new forms. Therefore, it is unlikely that the opposition of design and science is productive. With all the specifics of creativity, knowledge in art, design, science, one should not forget that all this is just different languages ​​of culture, different ways of reflecting nature. Design creativity is distinguished from science by the embodiment of an idea, a plan. But science, which generates ideas, implements them, implements them in the practical sphere. Sometimes the ideas of science feed design projects: advances in the philosophy of knowledge,

epistemology influenced the development of design. At the same time, artistic creativity, figurative, personal, subjective perception of phenomena, objects, contributed to the emergence of the need for science and education, not only analysis, but also synthesis, figurative, and not just a "knowledge" approach. It can be confidently asserted, based on the studies of the design classics K. Kantor, K.I. Christmas- |

Skysky, V. L. Glazychev and others that design cannot develop successfully and

outside the culture of its time, a culture that is becoming more and more ecological. At the same time, design enriches contemporary culture. Figurative, metaphorical understanding of a phenomenon, object, thing, including not yet existing, as a preliminary to their detailed understanding, align the ratio of analysis and synthesis in the knowledge of the world.

So ecology and design are closely connected, intertwined, but at the same time a certain hierarchy is preserved, the top of which is ecological culture, understood as corresponding in its limit to ontos (existing). Non-harm to nature, living things, society, oneself, culture is a criterion of environmental friendliness. The usual "measure" of an act from the point of view of ecological culture is the dilemma: threat - compliance. The absence of a threat in the actions of an individual, a society is defined as eco-friendly (culturally compatible). From these positions, ecological culture is a universal measure of any activity - in philosophy, the principle of biosphere compatibility is substantiated as an axiological landmark of development.

So, it can be seen that the metaphorical nature of understanding is characteristic of both design art and ecological culture. However, the problem of measurement inevitably arises both when assessing a design product and the level of formation of environmental culture as the basis of environmental competence. In design, this is an assessment of experts, a customer, a consumer. To assess the formation of environmental competence, a matrix of structural levels of environmental competence of a specialist has been developed. At the same time, by “environmental competence” we mean a personal phenomenon, the essence of which is the ability and readiness of a person to subjectively perceive the surrounding reality in the unity of natural and sociocultural components, while realizing responsibility for professional activity. So far, environmental competence criteria are not included in the process of training designers, as well as the ideas of cultural relevance, environmental compliance do not act as one of the components of the assessment of design activity. The “greening of design” does not happen “straight through”, through standard regulations.

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Ecological culture in the context of sustainable development

Ecological culture affects design indirectly: through the formation of aesthetic preferences and tastes, through the ecological consciousness of consumers and experts. A special role in this process belongs to higher professional education in the field of design, designed to ensure the formation of environmental competence of a specialist.

The presented problems are still far from being solved and fully understood. However, they demonstrate the fruitful nature of the metaphorical nature of ecological culture for the study of the complex dynamic contradictory realities of the modern era of change. The verdict "competent - incompetent" can be made according to the criterion "threat - compliance" with life, biological, social, cultural life. Thus, ecological competence acquires a basic meaning in the concept of a person: it has a supra-economic, supra-ethnic, supra-subject character. This is a universal human characteristic.

So, in modern conditions of the ecologization of science, technology, culture and education, all spheres of society, it can be added with good reason - the successful work of a designer is impossible outside the ecological culture of his time. A modern design product must meet not only aesthetic and technical, but also environmental requirements. We have made an attempt to consider design in the mirror of ecology in relation to the conditions of globalization.

The English word "design" is most often translated as design, modeling (other design concepts are also used - project, model, idea, drawing, drawing). In Russia, design as an activity is most often understood in a narrow sense - as artistic design. However, in recent decades, an increasing number of specialists in the world call design (projecting) a third culture, organically uniting humanitarian, artistic and scientific and technical cultures. The third culture - design - is figuratively called "Design with a capital letter", characterizing it as the total experience of material culture and the total array of experience, skills and understanding, embodied in the art of planning, invention, creation and execution.

The sociocultural role of design is manifested in the goal-setting function, which reflects the connection between humanitarian and technical culture in shaping the image of the subject and spiritual environment. From this point of view, the boundaries of research in the field of design should be expanded from highly specialized to fundamental - socio-philosophical and cultural studies. Note that aesthetic and environmental ideals have historically

changeable, dynamic. The industrial landscape with smoking chimneys and powerful reinforced concrete buildings of plants and factories fit perfectly into the aesthetics of "conquest of nature". It did not cause ecological fears either - it was believed that the resources of nature were unlimited, the restorative forces were enormous. Everything was subordinated to the goal of achieving social well-being at the expense of industrial power. |

Today, such or a similar landscape causes a huge ecological and

concern and aesthetic rejection, rejection. In design, along with the principle of goal setting (according to K. Marx - a conscious goal), the principle of value orientations is increasingly involved. The axiological component gradually becomes the center of design activity, determines aesthetic preferences and guidelines, and participates in the formation of artistic taste. Design as one of the ways of spiritual and objective reflection and exploration of the world is forced to take into account environmental values.

With the discovery of the theory of relativity, the laws of thermodynamics, there is a rethinking of ideas about the picture of the world. The role of the cognizing subject in the cognition and reflection of reality is fundamentally changing.

In the words of J. Updike, "The world is as we imagine it to be." Let's take the liberty of asserting that in the era of globalization, design is an expression of the basic values ​​and norms of a certain culture, the core of culture, since, according to K. Kantor, each culture occupies its own special place in the "cultural field of the Earth". Fundamentally new requirements have arisen in relation to the working environment (ergonomics) and the human environment. Natural conformity as a requirement to take into account "human qualities" in the design of technical systems is supplemented by the requirement of cultural conformity - compliance with environmental criteria for incorporation into the surrounding world based on a holistic view of it. The embodiment in design of the ideas of art, moral philosophy, ecological culture and, on this basis, the transformation of the spiritual and objective environment of the world, the design of a new holistic picture of the modern world is the high purpose of design.

Philosophers argue that a humanitarian transition is taking place from the pre-ecological era to the ecological era, humanity is taking the test for spiritualized rationality, and modern technogenic civilization - for biosphere compatibility. Thus, the ideas of a holistic perception of the world, natural conformity, cultural conformity penetrate into the real process of higher professional education, the training of specialists. Let us show this on the example of the study of environmental

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Ecological culture in the context of sustainable development

preparation of future designers for professional activities. With all the variety of definitions of design, the core is the design activity, which organically unites humanitarian, artistic and scientific and technical cultures. This is an activity to transform the subject and spiritual environment surrounding a person. Design education is designed to ensure the readiness of a university graduate to work on such a transformation-design of the environment that does not create a threat or minimizes the consequences of the impact of a design project on socio-natural systems. In other words, he must have environmental competence. The scale of the tasks to be solved in connection with the environmental requirements for professionalism in any field make it possible to define environmental competence as a key one. It can be formed at the global level - as a worldview, at the general educational level - as an obligatory component of education, and at the professional level - as an integral part of any activity. The idea of ​​a holistic subject environment is rightly considered in Russia and around the world as a real design alternative to the modern environmental crisis. From these positions, ecodesign becomes the core, the core of the designer's nature-friendly activities, a measure of the ecological culture of design projects.

The analysis allows us to conclude that modern eco-design takes into account the theoretical and methodological principle of greening all project activities, understanding the integrity of the subject and spiritual environment, natural and cultural conformity, and the idea of ​​designing an integral subject environment. A holistic view of the world, an ecological culture, a holistic worldview, an ecological consciousness of an individual - the mastery of these categories by a specialist in the process of design education is a new task of higher education pedagogy that is in demand by the time.

The axiological meaning of ecodesign education is to form value ecological attitudes, which are based on a holistic perception of the world, recognition of the universal value of nature as the basis of life, and a responsible attitude to all manifestations of life. Hence the definition follows: the environmental competence of a designer is the ability and willingness to implement environmental values ​​and guidelines in professional activities, to design a holistic subject environment.

Of course, that the pluralism of opinions regarding the definition of the deep essence of the ecological approach to design has the right to exist - this is one of the angles of view. We, in turn, seem to

that the true origins of ecological design should be sought in the works of domestic philosophers, culturologists, researchers of nature and man - psychologists and educators. Based on the analysis of the relevant theoretical sources, we can say that the modern understanding of design should include the harmonization

human and nature, design, environmental optimization, |

reducing the contradictions between the uniqueness of man, human communities and the standard of the artificial world.

Today, there are many branches of artistic design (design): technical design (aesthetic and ergonomic design of industrial spaces), art design (one of the lines of development of modern design, in which there are no differences between functional design, which forms the basis of professional design, and pure, high art) and environmental design, which includes various areas of artistic and design activities related to the development of the subject environment of a person, systems of visual communication and information, the organization of human life and activity on a functional and rational basis (interior design, furniture design, graphic design and etc.). The main focus of the designer's activity is the production of a beautiful, convenient and understandable to the consumer product, "second nature", based on artistic and figurative models, functional analysis, stylization and layout, the study of mass psychology, as well as modern knowledge about culture, the environment and its protection. . Thus, the modern understanding of design includes a wide range of design disciplines covering all areas of human life, its cultural, moral and social aspects. But above all, design is the harmonization of the environment, the path to a holistic worldview, perception of the world and awareness of one's place in it (Fig. 1).

In the process of expert assessment of the current state in the field of environmental education and upbringing of future designers, it was noted that the environmental competence of a specialist in the current conditions of global environmental problems is one of the most important competencies, which is interprofessional and supraprofessional in nature, that the implementation of professional activities of a specialist of any professional orientation today should take into account the environmental aspect, for which the specialist must have such personality traits that will contribute to the implementation

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Ecological culture in the context of sustainable development

professional activity from the standpoint of its environmental feasibility.

The rating of environmentally oriented values ​​showed that in the first place among future specialists are environmental and aesthetic values ​​that do not require significant volitional expenditures: enjoyment of the beauty of nature. This may be due to the fact that students are rarely involved in practical environmentally oriented activities, and is explained by other, in particular, organizational and pedagogical reasons. The results of the rating of socially productive environmentally oriented activities as a value confirmed this position: the highest indicator refers to gaming and leisure activities. A high indicator is typical for a number of universal human environmentally oriented values ​​against the background of a rather low indicator, reflecting the attitude towards environmentally oriented sciences; as well as for the ecological and humanistic value "man as an integral part of nature" and personal values ​​that characterize the environmental friendliness of a life position.

reflection of the connection between humanitarian and technical culture in shaping the image of the subject and spiritual environment

Design

Environmental optimization

harmonization of man and nature

Formation of a holistic worldview of a person

Problem field:

Uniqueness of human society Contradictions Standardity of the artificial world

Fig.1. Ecosociocultural Phenomenon of Design

Thus, for a fundamental change in the current situation, a breakthrough is needed, which is possible only on the basis of a scientific analysis of social reality and the training of new-minded people through social and humanitarian education.

Bibliographic list

1. Glazacheva A. O. Cultural origins and development of environmental design >3 // Social and humanitarian knowledge. 2008. No. 12. S. 156-162.

2. Glazacheva A.O. Axiological guidelines for the formation of environmental competence of the future designer // Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Education. 2009. No. 3. S. 126-129.

3. Glazacheva A.O. Ecological design: in search of meaning // Social and Humanitarian Knowledge. 2009. No. 4. S. 327-333.

4. Glazacheva A.O. Axiological aspect of ecodesign // Ecological problems of the global world: Proceedings of the international conference, Moscow, October 26-27, 2009. M., 2009. P. 134-136.

5. Glazachev S.N., Perfilova O.E. Ecological competence: formation, problems, prospects: Proc. allowance. M., 2008.

6. Laszlo E. Macroshift. To the sustainability of the world the course of change. M., 2004.

7. Moiseev N.N. modern rationalism. M., 1995.

8. Perfilova O.E. Security of eco-social interaction in the context of globalization // Bulletin of the International Academy of Sciences (Russian section). 2009. Special issue. pp. 206-209.

9. Fedorov N.F. Philosophy of the common cause. M., 1982.

10. Glazacheva A. Ecodesign: Projection of the Environment // Ecology and Forests for Public Health: Proceedings of the International conference. Oslo, Norway, September 18-20, 2009. Oslo, 2009. P. 22.

11. Kofler W. Sustainability and some arguments for an additional approach for science for survival // International Conference on "Environment: Survival and Sustainability": Abstracts. Nicosia-Northern Cyprus, 2007. P. 773-774.

12. Tellness G. How can Nature and Culture promote Health? // Scandinavian Journal for Public Health. 2009. No. 37. P. 559-561.

Eco-style in the modern interior of a house or apartment will help create a cozy and comfortable environment. An important plus of eco-style design is the ability to find a solution for every taste, in a variety of price categories.

Features of interior design in eco-style

Color solution

The ecological orientation of the style sets, first of all, the colors used in the decoration. As a rule, these are the shades that we find in nature: sand, earth, herbal, coniferous, terracotta, blue, white.

Only “acidic” shades and sharp color combinations are excluded. They are out of place in such a design - after all, an eco-style interior is conducive to rest, relaxation, everything should contribute to this.

materials

An eco-style room is finished, if possible, with natural materials, as an exception, with their imitation. First of all, it is wood, stone, cork, terracotta, ceramics, glass, paper, wicker or rattan panels, mats.

• The walls can be finished with paper wallpaper with images of floral motifs, or laid out with cork panels - both support the eco-style of the room, but the first option is much more budgetary. Plaster, painted or whitewashed, is also quite an environmentally friendly wall covering.
• Ceilings are either covered with whitewash, or covered with wallpaper for painting, or trimmed with wood.
• Floors are most often made of wood or finished with stone tiles or ceramic tiles.

Furniture

For an eco-style apartment, wood furniture is suitable, simple in shape, rather massive, and the shape should be as natural as possible - either straight and even rough, or, on the contrary, smooth, imitating the natural curves found in nature. In the first case, the texture of the tree should be as simple as possible, its processing should be minimal. In the second, careful processing and polishing of wood is acceptable. Another suitable type of furniture is wicker items made of wicker, rattan, bamboo.

Lighting

As much natural light as possible is a mandatory requirement for an ecological interior. If it is not enough, it is necessary to add artificial lighting. Lamps in the design can be "invisible" - built-in, creating a luminous flux that complements the light from the windows, as well as decorative - with lampshades made of textiles, rice paper or vines, with elements in the form of tree branches or animal horns.

Eco-style: decor and interior design

Eco-style does not like piling up of objects, in this sense it is close to minimalism - after all, in nature there is nothing superfluous. Therefore, decor items "part-time" usually perform utilitarian functions. For example, wicker baskets and chests in the interior become convenient storage places. Simple homespun rugs add exclusivity and insulate stone floors, while a bright pumpkin becomes a colorful design accent and also serves as a lampshade for a lamp.

Unusual “paintings” made of stone and wood, beautiful pebbles stacked in a glass vase, mirror frames with a shell design, river pebbles laid out in the bathroom in the form of a rug - it’s hard to even list all the possible decorative elements available in eco-style.

An excellent addition to the interior is a fireplace - both "live" and "bio", or even its imitation - logs stacked in a suitable niche.

Living greenery is another designer's "tool" with which you can enliven the simplest interior or turn an ordinary room into a corner of the rainforest.

Textile design in eco-style is also distinguished by the naturalness of materials and colors. The material for furniture upholstery, sofa cushions, as a rule, is chosen rough, textured - linen, jute. Curtains on windows are often replaced with roller blinds or bamboo roller blinds.

The main rule is the observance of a sense of proportion. You can not oversaturate the interior with decor, no matter how “correct” and suitable for the occasion it may seem. Otherwise, you can get the result opposite to the expected one.

When decorating a living room in an eco-style, it is advisable to use only natural materials, if this is not possible, it is worth replacing them with imitation. Ordinary "plastic" windows do not fit into the style at all, so it is better to make the frames wooden. Budget replacement - wood-like plastic.

You can not stand the whole design in one style, from furniture to small things. To create a style, sometimes a few expressive details are enough - the main thing is that everything else does not contradict the main idea.

The most intimate room in the house belongs only to you, and its design should be such that you can relax and unwind in peace. Nothing distracting, causing tension or irritating the nervous system.

For the design of an eco-style bedroom, a few style-forming elements are quite enough, as well as natural finishing materials or natural motifs in the decoration of walls and textiles. A wooden bed, a wool rug underfoot, warm beige tones of the walls, light cotton curtains - the image of an eco-style bedroom is ready.

And again - natural materials in decoration, simple shapes, textile elements ... But everything is the same - the characteristic features of country style. What is the main difference? The country style allows saturation with small elements in the design - a variety of "folk" items: painted dishes, clay figurines, curtains with frills, decorative pillows, chair covers. In eco-style, such excesses are unacceptable.

In the kitchen, as in no other room at home, it is important to follow the principles of minimalism - nothing more! Do you want to emphasize the closeness to nature and make the interior truly unusual? Pick up an accent lamp, and at the same time use it as an element that separates the functional areas of the kitchen. The easiest way is to add eco-elements to the decoration, for example, by decorating plain walls with large floral ornaments or wooden saw cuts.

Kitchen furniture is preferable to simple forms, not only wood, but also, for example, transparent plastic can be used as a material - it will not “interfere” with perceiving a stylistic “image”, “dissolving” in space. Such "disappearing" furniture can be supplemented with several "heavy" items - this will balance the interior.

Minimalism, natural colors, spaciousness and lots of light – this is how an eco-style bathroom design should look like. Sometimes it is enough to choose only the right facing material and add a color accent with bright towels - and an unforgettable look is ready.

Wood finishes in the bathroom and simple forms of sanitary ware add up to a natural eco-style. Eco-style in bathroom design allows the use of imitating materials. For example, “wood-like” porcelain stoneware tiles in “wet” areas will look good, besides, it is much more practical than wood, even treated with special compounds. The use of ceramic tiles is also welcome, and outside the wet areas - plaster, followed by painting with moisture-resistant paints.

The bathroom is the place where one single detail can make a difference. For example, it can be a unique stone sink or a tub in the form of a pelvis. There are also more budgetary design options - for example, a piece of floor lined with sea pebbles, which at the same time serves as a massage rug. Well, if at the same time in the bathroom - "warm" floor.

The “eco” style has long stepped over the thresholds of apartments and got out. The exterior of the house, reflecting the desire of the owner to get as close to nature as possible, is a trend of the times. And if earlier designers were content with making walls from timber or logs, or laying out their lower parts with “wild” stone, now the task is broader: they try to “fit” the house as much as possible into the surrounding landscape, which sometimes leads to very eccentric design solutions. For example, some houses literally burrow into the ground, or “hang from the branches” in an attempt to merge with nature.

Modern eco-style is not only environmental materials, it is also the possibility of their disposal, and the application of minimal harm to nature during construction and operation, and the creation of the most comfortable living environment for a person.

Eco-style interior photo

The photos below show eco-style in various variations for houses and premises for various purposes.

Photo 1. The combination of wood, soft natural shades of gray and white, and the inclusion of window space in the interior are the characteristic features of the eco-style of this bedroom.

Photo 2. Warm "creamy" shade of walls and floors, wooden furniture, simple forms of lamps, minimalist approach to space equipment - these eco-style features make the atmosphere memorable and at the same time calm.

Photo 3. Eco-style in the interior of the children's room is emphasized by a wicker chair and wallpaper with natural patterns.

Photo 4. The complex "natural" forms of wood in the interior emphasize the ecological orientation of the project.

Photo 5. In the design of the living room of a country house, several eco-style decorative elements were used at once. This is an accent stone wall by the fireplace, firewood stacked in special niches, and a window view included in the interior with the help of huge window openings.

Photo 6. Wooden wall paneling near the headboard, wooden bedside tables, simple natural fabrics are the basis of eco-style in the design of a small bedroom.

Photo 7

Photo 8. In this interior, only one element "makes" the style. Wooden bars forming a "coffee table" with a bouquet of flowers make an expressive ecological composition.

Photo 9. A chandelier made of birch branches can be the only bright decorative element in eco-style interior design.

Photo 10. A simple rectangular sofa in a neutral upholstery against the background of green walls and wooden floors could stand in a room of any style. An ecological orientation is given to the interior by saw cuts made of wood near the dining area and an original rack with flowers.

Modern eco design in the interior (Greek eikos - house, habitat) - "ecological" style ", made of natural materials, giving a feeling of freshness and unity with nature. Today it is one of the most sought-after modern styles.
Eco design is an attempt to recreate the natural environment in human habitats. The meaning of eco-design lies in the name itself - the interior, made in this vein, is in optimal harmony with the environment. It is in an "environmentally friendly" room that a person can feel all the benefits of natural materials and really take a break from the stuffy city.
Eco-design or naturel is expressed only due to its natural origin, the naturalness of materials, colors, and the correctness of forms.

The main elements of Eco-Design:
basic materials: wood, stone, clay, glass, fabrics made from natural materials;
main colors: beige, brown, white (in contrast with black or dark wood), delicate pastel colors. More often natural colors are used: pale green, pale blue, colors of grass, water, stone, wood, soil;
closeness to nature or a feeling of closeness, in such an interior it is easy to breathe, there is a lot of light.

History of Eco-Design
This style does not have a turbulent history of development, as well as famous architectural monuments. The style can hardly be called unique, due to the borrowing of forms and methods from other styles.
The appeal to "eco" somehow happens, but this is only a mixture of eco-design with others. For example, the architect Alvar Aalto, the “father of modernism,” designed houses with trees growing through the roofs and vines wrapping around them.
They started talking about eco-design at the end of the 20th century, when people got tired of environmental problems and decided to create their own "clean" world in an apartment or house. This design is interesting because it is dictated by nature itself. A person, as a part of the world and nature, is in no hurry to give it up, seeks to preserve it, reproduce it in a suburban area or apartment, as in eco-design.
Of course, an appeal to nature has been encountered before in other styles. It was expressed in painting, murals, textures, architectural elements and sculptures. The most vividly natural themes were reflected in Art Nouveau. But if modern is based on elements of classical styles, then eco-design is based on modern ones, not disdaining the presence of technology and electronics, which is by no means natural.
Also partly country is eco-design, apart from its departure from modernity. The "progenitors" of eco-design are considered Scandinavian designers, who provided the basis for combining the naturalness of the material and innovative form, as well as Japanese traditionalists.
Due to its positive energy, promoting relaxation, paying attention to health and correctness of life, eco-design in the interior quickly found its fans and continues to be popular in modern houses and apartments.
Today, it is very common to find a mixture of other styles with eco-design, in other words, eco-stylization of the interior.

Eco Design Features
The creation of eco-design in the interior cannot be subject to any axioms, of course, except for the rule that says that only harmless and natural materials can be used. Your character, passions, habits, age and even status can be reflected in the created interior, while its belonging to eco-design will be undeniable.
Eco-design in the interior is very popular and widely used. For arrangement, both a cottage and a chill-out in the office (a place to relax) and even a meeting room are suitable. The main principle of eco-design is naturalness in everything. Therefore, no chipboard, plastic and chrome-plated metal in furniture and decor items.
One of the most significant advantages of eco-design is the great opportunities for the realization of your fantasies, you can use any colors and any natural materials in decoration and furnishing. Natural materials such as reed or other hardwood wallpapers, river stones, which can be used as wall cladding, are perfect.
In ecological style, the content determines the form: all decoration consists of natural materials. This style invites us to appreciate the virgin beauty of wood, stone, vines, cotton, linen, wool, baked clay. It is not necessary to overload these natural textures with various patterns, reliefs, bright colors and original designs. Let everything be simple and natural.

Eco-design walls: wooden panels, cork, simple paper wallpaper with a subtle floral pattern, or better without a pattern at all, or wallpaper made from natural plant materials, you can add ceramic tiles (plain or also with a floral pattern), finishing stone, use white plaster.
Eco-design ceiling: wooden panels, or a combination of wooden beams with a light ceiling (stretch or whitewashed) is an excellent solution for an eco-design interior.
Eco-design floor: in eco-style, they are laid out from stone or terracotta tiles in a natural shade. Eco-style wooden parquet is no less in demand, both from European species and exotics, bamboo or cork. An additional technique may be the combination of a tree of dark and light species.
Eco-design furniture: made of natural wood, better than solid wood. Tables and stools made of saw cuts and a solid tree trunk and countertops made of natural stone or marble. There should not be a lot of carving, yet the interior is modern, which means that the shape is straightforward, the figures are simple. Facilitate the array, rattan furniture. It is worth mentioning that eco-design furniture is not cheap. In addition to the fact that natural wood furniture is much more expensive than its artificial counterparts, even in eco-style furniture made of solid wood (solid wood without joints) is more preferred. You will only have to put up with this, unless you find “private carpenters” to replace salons with similar furniture, which is extremely difficult. A cheaper alternative would be Scandinavian-style furniture.

For doorways, lightweight solid wood doors or wood veneer doors are desirable. You can add glass interior doors in a wooden frame, curtains made of "beads" made from natural materials (shells, bamboo sticks).
Eco-design fabrics have never been classified as “rich”, traditionally they symbolized the simple rural life. Today, curtains made of matting and matting are considered the height of sophistication. Adherents of ecological style assure that natural undyed fabrics even have a different energy. Choose for curtains and fabric trim things from linen, chintz, canvas, matting, coarse wool. In art salons, gray unbleached canvas is sold at a very affordable price. This is a very effective fabric for decorating an ecological interior. From it you can make curtains, tablecloths, upholstery for furniture. In addition, it makes sense to look after woven blinds-mats: they are suitable both for window decoration and simply as wall mats or dividing screens.
Decor items in eco-design: vases made of glass (usually green) or clay, natural flowers, wicker baskets, chests, tree branches, simple linen or cotton textiles, decorative fountains, wooden or straw fruit bowls and salt shakers. In an eco-design kitchen, bunches of dried herbs and bunches of onions give a special coziness. Every object in an eco-design interior should maintain a sense of natural touch, whether it be a painting or a composition of dried flowers.
Cookware in eco-design should be simple and solid in soft colors. Complicated patterns are not allowed, the pattern in ethnic style is best. The best material would be ceramic or colored glass. Wooden utensils will be good, as well as cotton napkins.

Getting closer to nature, and hence eco-design, will help you to have not just a few flowers in pots, but a created winter garden or its mini-version, when only one zone is decorated with flowers. You can even decorate with stones, lying separately or in the form of a rock garden in a small area. An aquarium, a terrarium or a cage with birds will also decorate the interior.
A room made in eco-design should be well lit, it is not just light in it, it has its own weather, gloomy or sunny - it all depends on your mood. To achieve such a high result, fluorescent lamps are used as light sources, which, in addition to performing the main function (lighting), will also save energy.
To decorate a house in the style of naturel, it is not at all necessary to upholster the entire apartment with wood. It is enough to make one thing out of wood - the floor, walls, doors or windows. You can also buy raw, and therefore cheaper wood and bring it to perfection yourself. This, of course, will take more time, but working with natural wood is also, to some extent, communication with nature and a kind of tribute to the chosen ecological style.
The main mistake is the presentation of eco-design in the form of country music, with its large number of decorative elements, carvings, lace, paintings, etc. Do not forget eco-design reflects the modern interior, its minimalism, simplicity and functionality, do not clutter it up and turn it into a house in the countryside.