How to make forced ventilation in the cellar. Do-it-yourself ventilation in the cellar: scheme, installation and recommendations

Basements in a private house can be used for a wide variety of needs. As a rule, workshops, gyms, saunas are arranged in them. And in some cases, the basement is used as a cellar. Regardless of what purpose it has, good air circulation should be ensured in it. Ventilation of the basement of a private house can be done independently or by the hands of professionals.

Everything will depend on the complexity of the design and the size of the room, as well as the results that the owner of the house wants to achieve.

Without constant air circulation and elimination of excess moisture, fungus and mold will form on the walls of the basement. To avoid this, it is necessary to organize effective ventilation in a private house.

Types of air exchange systems

Basement ventilation can be forced or natural. If the ventilation in the basement or cellar is natural, then the air will independently enter the basement through pipes, and then be removed in accordance with the laws of physics. In other words, natural circulation will be carried out without the use of any special devices. In a wooden private house of small size, such ventilation seems to be the most acceptable. Extraction in this case will be sufficient.

Exhaust air ducts under the ceiling.

Forced ventilation speaks for itself - the air will circulate in the room with the help of special fans. They will force fresh air into the basement, as well as remove stagnant air after a while. Such ventilation will be the ideal solution for organizing air exchange in any cellar.

Of course, here you can also consider modern ventilation systems, which will not only be responsible for the inflow and outflow of air, but also for its heating and cooling if necessary, as well as for the level of humidity and temperature. Such ventilation systems are very complex, because they must use filters, split systems and other devices that are rarely found in a wooden private house.

Simple natural or forced ventilation can be mounted by hand. The hood in this case will be quite sufficient and inexpensive.

Do-it-yourself ventilation

The simplest approach to organizing air exchange in a room is to punch special holes in the basement through which the basement will be saturated with oxygen. In the cellar of a private house, completely buried in the ground, it is difficult to make such holes, so this solution is relevant only for semi-buried basements. Holes should be located at opposite ends of the room. Their size must be sufficient to ensure effective ventilation. Openings are recommended to be protected with nets from insects and rodents.

Ventilation windows (closed with bars).

Without a doubt, such simple ventilation is much better than none at all. But its effectiveness is low. A more efficient solution is to install a two-pipe ventilation system.

What is required to create such ventilation in a private house?

• 2 pipes, the diameter of which can vary from 8 to 15 cm.
• Metal protective grilles and visors.
• Thermal insulation material.

Natural ventilation device

The supply pipe in our system will be responsible for supplying clean air to the basement. The lower end of the supply pipe must be installed at a height of 20-40 cm from the basement floor, and the upper part should be brought out through the basement to the street and placed at a level of 40-60 cm from the ground. In most cases, the street end of the pipe is closed with a grate. If desired, the protruding pipe can be made inconspicuous.

The principle of natural air exchange in the room.

The lower part of the exhaust pipe should be located under the very ceiling of the basement. If food is stored in the basement or cellar of a private house, then it is best to install the pipe directly above their location. The upper part of the exhaust pipe must be brought out through all the constructed floors to the street. Its end must be placed at a distance of 30-60 cm from the roof, which will not allow water or snow to get inside the pipe.

It must be borne in mind that condensation will necessarily form in the pipes, and so that moisture cannot get on the basement floor, a special container can be installed in the cellar that will collect all the water.

Pipes for the ventilation device can be made of any material. In most cases, PVC pipes or asbestos cement pipes are used, which are the most effective and durable.

Natural supply and exhaust ventilation does not imply any additional devices. Air will enter the basement of a private house through the supply pipe, and then exit through the exhaust pipe. It is important to install pipes at opposite ends of the basement so that there is no such thing when fresh air, after entering, will immediately go outside.

A system of this type will be relevant for basements, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich does not exceed 30-40 sq.m. If the basement has a large area, then the efficiency of natural supply and exhaust ventilation is significantly reduced. For premises such as the basement of an apartment building or a large private cottage, it is best to consider the option with a forced ventilation device.

Forced ventilation device

The design of the forced air exchange system is similar to that described in the section on natural ventilation. The only difference is that duct fans are installed inside the supply and exhaust pipes.

The fan, located in the supply pipe, will supply air to the basement. A fan located in the exhaust pipe, on the contrary, stagnant air will be brought out. It is important that the fans run simultaneously and not alternately.

Regarding the power of the fans, it is best to consult with specialists. Before buying, it is recommended to calculate the area of ​​​​your basement, as well as its approximate volume, so that the sales assistant can choose the most suitable device for creating effective forced ventilation.

The fan is installed inside the pipe and securely fixed there. That is why you also need to know the diameter of the ventilation pipes in order to choose the size of the fan without any problems.

Installing a fan is not difficult. Modern manufacturers have simplified the installation of their devices as much as possible: fans are produced in special casings, have reliable fasteners, and brackets and all necessary parts are included in the kit.

There are a wide variety of fans on the market. And all options vary in price. Some fans are equipped with a timer, so the user can set a specific time when they will turn on and off, which is very convenient if you do not live in a private house permanently.

The comfort of being in the room located above largely depends on how well the ventilation system of the cellar under the house is made.

Complex ventilation systems

If you have a large private house in which you have made a modern insulated basement, then it is recommended that you do not rely on your own strength for the installation of the ventilation system, but resort to the help of professionals. The issue becomes especially relevant if residential premises are located on the basement floor. The ventilation system in this case should have air conditioners that will heat or cool the supply air. In addition, it is recommended to install special filters that purify the incoming air. Humidification systems are also very popular.

The installation of complex air conditioning and ventilation systems is best left to professionals.

Such a ventilation system has many advantages, and there are only two drawbacks: high cost and complexity of installation. Before installing the ventilation system, you need to carefully calculate everything and decide whether it is really needed, or you can completely get by with simpler solutions. It is worth noting that the installation of a ventilation system for a large basement should be provided for even at the stage of building a house, because it will be much more difficult to do this in an already erected building.

Particular attention is also recommended to be given to the waterproofing of the basement. No, even an extremely efficient and powerful ventilation system, will cope with its tasks if it is constantly damp in the basement of a private or apartment building.

The cellar should have racks and shelves for storing food, preparations, fresh vegetables and fruits, and be equipped with a ventilation system. Uniform temperature conditions indoors will ensure the safety of products until the next harvest. Proper ventilation of the cellar allows you to maintain the optimal mode for storing vegetables in it.

This will save him from the dampness of the room and high humidity,. Using the basic rules for installing ventilation systems, it will be possible to dry without resorting to the help of specialists.

There are several options for how to properly ventilate the cellar: you can use ready-made air conditioning devices and simply install them, or you can make an air duct with your own hands.

The second option is suitable for domestic use of the cellar, the first - for arranging large industrial storage facilities.

Before you make ventilation in the cellar, you should choose the most suitable system option. They are natural and forced.

ventilation - scheme 1

The main differences between the systems:

• the forced method involves the installation of a mechanism - a stationary fan. Such a simple, at first glance, method, suitable for large volumes. The fan for the cellar is placed on the exhaust duct;
• for natural ventilation, a fan is also used, but not permanently, but temporarily - the device is installed for several days to quickly dry the storage.

Features of ventilation arrangement:

• the supply pipe is laid through part of the foundation;
• the supply pipe must be straight;
• part of the exhaust pipe must be insulated to prevent condensation.

When choosing a particular type of ventilation system, the frequency of use and the temperature maintenance mode should be taken into account.

Important! For effective ventilation of any other room, air ducts must have a high throughput. In order to avoid a lack of air mass, it is very important to choose the right pipe diameter for the cellar ventilation device.

Natural air exchange system

Ventilation of an underground room with two supply and exhaust pipes is the easiest and most effective way to create a natural air exchange system.

Asbestos or PVC pipes are suitable material for ducting equipment. For pipes made of galvanized steel, a correctly selected diameter works - 25 cm2 is required per 1 m2, calculated from the total size.

Opposite corners are usually used to place pipes. This reduces the likelihood of stagnant moist air.

The structure of the exhaust system

Exhaust pipe - used to purify the air masses inside the room. Suitable mounting location - in one of the corners of the cellar. It is important to consider that the lower part of the duct must be installed at the very top of the room. In the room, the ventilation passage must be vertical. There should be a protrusion above the ridge part by about 50 cm or more at the points of withdrawal.

To reduce the condensate masses that will form inside the pipe, it is necessary to insulate the duct. The warming procedure does not take much time and does not require special skills. For work, you will need one pipe of a slightly larger diameter and mineral wool or other insulation. One pipe is placed inside the second, and the hollow space is filled with insulation.

Installation methods:

1. A simple cellar ventilation scheme is through the through method: the pipe passes through the floor, rises along the corner of the wall and exits through the ceiling and roof;
2. More difficult - through the wall, when the lower part of the exhaust pipe is horizontal and rises already on the surface. This scheme is also suitable for.

The supply pipe provides the cellar room with fresh air. Typically, the pipe is installed in a corner opposite the exhaust type duct. The height of the open end of the pipe from the floor level is 40-50 cm. Then it passes through the floor sections and also rises 25-30 centimeters from the floor.

cellar ventilation scheme 3

The supply air duct should be installed in such a way that its lower cut does not reach the floor level by about 45-50 cm. Approximately the same distance should be between the upper cut and ground level.

It is important to note that the upper cut must be covered with a protective grill. This will help protect food supplies from rodents, mice, rats and other intruders. You can use a metal mesh.

Air moves through the ventilation ducts due to the difference in the specific gravity of warm and cold air masses.
If the temperature difference is too dramatic, drafts will form inside the room.

Otherwise, on the contrary, the air will stagnate. Valves are used to regulate the movement of air masses. They are installed on both pipes - both exhaust and supply.

Benefits of natural ventilation:

• low cost - do-it-yourself cellar ventilation does not require significant financial costs;
• saving electricity;
• the possibility of self-assembly;
• there is no need for constant monitoring, usually only required in winter with a sharp cold snap;
• compatibility with other ventilation systems or air conditioning systems that can be installed in the house, if necessary, you can additionally install forced ventilation for the cellar.

At the end of the installation, it is very important to check the performance of the system. To check the correct operation of the ventilation system, a regular paper sheet is suitable, which should be attached to the ventilation hole.

It is checked very simply: if the sheet fluctuates under the air currents, then the ventilation in the cellar is installed correctly with your own hands. In the same way, the operability of the air duct system in the cellar with one pipe is checked.

Forced air exchange system

Forced ventilation implies the installation of a stationary, permanent fan - the best solution for arranging a large cellar. It can also be used for natural ventilation of the cellar, but not permanently, but temporarily. The fan is installed on the exhaust pipe.

The ventilation of the cellar, located in a residential building, has some features - an air duct for the influx of air masses is laid only through the above-ground part of the foundation. If there is already a basement, then the supply air duct passes through it. The pipe should be flat, with a minimum number of bends and corners. You should also pay attention to the length, it should not be very long. The outer section of the exhaust system needs to be insulated.

The exhaust ventilation of the cellar is usually located inside the load-bearing wall of the cottage or house. If the ventilation of the cellar under the house is installed after construction, then special recesses are made in the wall or a passage along the wall.

If the cellar is small, then the temperature and humidity conditions can be provided by ventilation even with one supply and exhaust pipe. Forced ventilation of the cellar in winter, when negative temperatures are set, can be turned off, since there is no urgent need for additional ventilation of the room.

Ventilation system diagram

If the cellar is already blocked, holes are punched in the walls at opposite corners for mounting air ducts in increments of 26 cm2 per 1 m2 of area.

The exhaust duct is lowered inward through the hole so that the lower end is under the ceiling itself, the distance of the indentation is not more than 10-15 cm. The upper part of the hood is brought out into the air through the hole through the roof to a height of 15-25 cm.

The supply air duct is already in another hole. There should be a distance of at least 20-25 cm from the floor. All cracks are carefully sealed with cement mortar.

The calculation of cellar ventilation is done as follows: the amount of air passed in 1 hour, you need to multiply the volume of the room by the recommended air exchange rate.

Formula for calculating the cross-sectional area of ​​ducts: F = air flow: (air velocity x 3600)

Cellar ventilation in a private house or country house performs 2 important functions at once:

• provides suitable conditions for storing products for a long time;
• helps maintain a comfortable temperature in the house above the cellar.

Improper ventilation of the cellar in the house negatively affects comfort and coziness. In this case, dampness and musty air easily penetrate into the living quarters. Sanitary standards are violated, which leads to the risk of developing various diseases among residents of the premises.

Important! Remember that even a tightly closed lid, door or cellar damper will not replace the ventilation system, without which no living space can do.

Preparing the cellar for food storage

In the warm season, as well as in those periods when the laying of food for storage is being prepared, everything should be opened, doors, windows, and do not forget about the dampers on the pipes. This is done to additionally dry the cellar and establish the same temperature inside.

If the room is heavily saturated with moisture, in order to dry the air faster, all the wood is removed from it, which are dried separately under the sun. If necessary, the cellar can be ventilated with fans for 3-5 days before harvesting food.

A simple tip: moisture is removed if you put a bucket of quicklime in the cellar. A popular way to improve traction is with a candle; it should be placed in front of the exhaust pipe.

An effective way is also the use of electric heaters. Suitable and fans that are installed in the middle of the cellar. After drying with a fan is completed, the walls and ceiling will need to be applied in layers. As a result, a waterproof surface should be formed.

In cases where the hood is working normally, the ventilation scheme in the cellar provides for the usual ventilation not only inside the cellar, but the entire living space as a whole.

At the word "basement" many people probably have associations with a dark, damp and cold room in which food or something not very necessary is stored. It is this microclimate that is often maintained in cellars. And it is he who greatly harms both the building itself and what will be stored there.

To ensure a favorable microclimate in the basement, it is necessary to organize a properly functioning ventilation system in it. How to do this - consider below.

We will consider the arrangement of ventilation in the basement of small buildings: in a private house, a barn, a garage.

Do you need ventilation in the cellar, and why? (+video)

Yes, it is necessary, and it is necessary. Any room (not only residential, but also basement) needs air exchange.

In the basement, the ventilation system maintains normal humidity. In the basement, it rises very quickly, especially if:

there are no or poorly executed external waterproofing and basement insulation;

there are heavy rains;

there are cracks in the walls of the cellar (through which moisture can penetrate inside);

due to a strong temperature difference, condensation forms on the walls inside.

What happens if there is no ventilation system in the cellar, or does it work poorly?

If the ventilation system in the cellar does not work at all, or does not work well enough, the cottage owner will face such problems:

the air in the basement will be humid, stale - it will be both unpleasant and harmful for a person to be in such conditions;

due to humidity, the interior decoration of the basement (if any) and the floor covering on the floor of the first floor will quickly deteriorate;

the walls of the basement, the ceiling between the basement and the first floor will collapse faster;

the floor on the ground floor may be wet (if the ceiling is thin and there is no insulation and waterproofing);

if food is stored in the cellar (for example, potatoes, apples, carrots, and other crops), or products made of wood, fabric, metal, they will deteriorate faster due to moisture;

in rooms on the ground floor may develop an unpleasant smell due to rotting food in the cellar).

Basement ventilation standards

SNiP regulates only the installation of ventilation systems for apartment buildings. In SNiP 31-01-2003 "Residential multi-apartment buildings" there is such information:

In the outer walls of basements that do not have exhaust ventilation, ventilation should be provided with a total area of ​​at least 1/400 of the basement area. Air vents should be evenly spaced around the perimeter of the outer walls. The area of ​​1 vent must be at least 0.05 m².

The air exchange rate should be 1.5. That is, if the basement area is 100 m², then in 1 hour the ventilation system must drive at least 150 m².

The same norms can be relied upon in the construction of basements in low-rise buildings.

How to make cellar ventilation with your own hands: types of schemes

Any ventilation system consists of 2 components: the inflow of fresh air from the street and the removal of moist air from the room.

The very process of air passage from the street to the basement and then its removal from there can be induced in 2 ways:

Natural. Air exchange occurs due to the difference in pressure. The difference is created due to the different heights of the pipes. The exhaust pipe must be carried out above the roof ridge. The method is not very successful - such ventilation will work unstably, and largely depend on the weather.

Forced. The best scheme of any ventilation system is precisely the mechanical design: when air exchange is created by a fan. For the basement, 1 fan standing on the hood is enough.

Below we consider in more detail how to build a ventilation system of both types.

Natural

For natural ventilation, 2 pipes are supplied to the room (one for supply, the second for exhaust). Their openings should be located at different heights: supply - low, exhaust - as high as possible (but always above the roof peak).

Its huge drawback is that performance (the amount of air passing through the basement) is highly dependent on weather conditions. If it is cold and windy outside, the air exchange will be good. If there is no heat and wind - bad.

How to organize natural ventilation yourself:

For inflow, vents are drilled around the perimeter of the basement. If the room is completely buried in the ground, and does not protrude above the surface, you will have to make a pipe leading from the surface.

For the hood, a second pipe is installed on the opposite side of the room. It is displayed above the ridge of the roof so that nothing obscures it from the wind.

It is advisable to install a deflector on top of the exhaust pipe - to improve traction. The supply pipe - is covered with an umbrella (and if it is air - with a ventilation grill).

P forced (+ video with an example)

A more stable and efficient option for ventilating a damp room.

The organization looks like this:

An inflow is made: through the vents (if the basement "protrudes" above the surface) or through the pipe (if the cellar ceiling is below the surface level).

For exhaust - a pipe is removed on the side opposite to the inflow. One end of it should be under the ceiling of the basement, the other - to go outside. It is not necessary to bring it above the roof, but it is possible.

A fan is installed in the exhaust pipe, which will drive air from the room to the street.

If you remove the pipe as in the first case (above the level of the visor), then the ventilation will work according to the natural principle, even if the fan is turned off. If the hood is not brought out above the roof, it will only work when the fan is on.

Where should the intake and exhaust openings be located?

The location rules are:

The inlet must be located opposite the hood.

If the inflow is organized through a pipe, ideally it should go up to a level of about 0.3 m above the basement floor. If air enters the upper part of the room (as happens during the installation of air vents) - in the lower part, air exchange may be weak, or even absent.

If the inflow is organized through the vents, they should be located along the perimeter of the room so that there are as few “deaf” areas as possible (near which there are no inflow points).

The exhaust duct opening should be located immediately under the ceiling - so that air does not stagnate in the upper part. Ideally it should be a corner. If it is not possible to make a ventilation duct in the corner, then it is desirable to place inflow points in the corners (so that there is also air movement there).

The nuances of arranging a ventilation system depending on the size of the basement

Usually in private houses (both in cottages and in dachas) basements are not very large in area and volume, and consist of 1 room (that is, they do not have rooms). In this case, you can use all the data and rules that are provided in this article.

But if you have a large basement, or if it is divided into several rooms, or if it consists of several "floors", then the ventilation system should be more thought out.

Key points in a nutshell:

If your cellar is divided into rooms (even if there are 2 of them), each of them should have its own inflow point and a “way” for air removal (at least 1 each). Both the inflow and the exhaust can be organized either through the ventilation duct (lead 1 pipe across the street to the inflow and exhaust, and inside - to spread them through the basement), or make air vents in each room.

If your cellar has more than 1 floor, the ventilation system must be installed in each of them. In this case, it is recommended to use only mechanical ventilation (and it is desirable to put the fan on the inflow).

If the basement consists of 1 room, and is large in area (conditionally - from 20-25 "squares"), then it is advisable to use at least 2 inflow points. If you don’t want to make several holes in an existing building, you can make 1 hole, lead a pipe through it from the street inside, and run it along the wall. In the pipe - make several holes at a distance from each other (so that air is supplied through them to different parts of the basement).

An example of a ventilation system for a basement at a depth of 3.5 meters (video)

Service Questions

Listed below are a few of the main issues related to improving and maintaining the system.

How to automate the system?

The microclimate (humidity level and temperature) in the basement can vary over a wide range - since no one constantly controls it, heaters and other climatic equipment are usually not installed in the basement.

Therefore, for more efficient and economical operation of the ventilation system, it should be automated.

Automatic ventilation is organized using sensors:

Temperature sensor. Useful in winter, so as not to manually plug the ventilation in cold weather. The temperature sensor can control the motorized damper to close it, or the exhaust fan speed to reduce or turn off the appliance completely.

Humidity sensor. It is useful at any time of the year (in winter, moisture can penetrate the soil, in the warm season - due to rain). The humidity sensor can control the exhaust fan by increasing or decreasing its speed. If the humidity rises, the fan will spin harder, removing more air. And vice versa: if the humidity is normal, the fan slows down or stops altogether so as not to consume electricity.

Is it worth it to close the ventilation of the cellar for the winter? (+video)

In winter, basement owners are faced with the question: should the ventilation ducts be closed during frosts, or should they be left open?

The bottom line is this: at low temperatures, the air pressure difference in the street and in the room rises. Because of this, air exchange is accelerated (more air passes through the ventilation system). And since the air is frosty, and there are usually no heaters in the basement, the room quickly gets cold. This happens at temperatures from -5-10º and below, especially if the house is in an open area.

It turns out that with open ventilation ducts in severe frost, the owners face the following problems:

products that are stored in the basement can freeze;

with the onset of cold weather, rodents and insects seek a warmer shelter, and through vents they can enter the cellar;

it is difficult to be in the basement without warm clothes (due to the low temperature);

the exhaust pipe can become clogged with frost (since the air in the basement is warmer and more humid, when rising through the pipe, moisture from it can condense on the walls, and the walls from the inside will gradually grow frost);

cold can be transmitted through the ceiling to the rooms on the first floor.

To prevent this, you must either install a heat source (heater) in the basement or cover the ventilation ducts. There is no specific temperature at which it is necessary to close the ventilation of the cellar (but if the temperature is consistently below zero during the day and drops below -5º at night, then you should already pay attention to the ventilation holes). But there is a serious nuance: you need to look not at the thermometer, but at the microclimate in the basement.

Depending on the microclimate, the following measures should be taken:

If the weather is rainy and it is damp or there is condensation inside(a common problem in autumn especially in November)- then ventilation should be left open. If you close it, the humidity in the basement will rise even more, and this will lead to mold.

If there is no condensation, and the humidity is normal, but frost has appeared around the ventilation holes, they need to be covered.Since fine adjustment cannot be achieved, you can first cover the holes by 50%, and after 1-2 days see again if there is frost on them. If there is, then it is necessary to cover the ventilation even more, leaving a small gap.

What exactly needs to be blocked - air flow in the first place(ventilators or supply ventilation ducts). Ideally, the air inlets should be adjustable: damper or adjustable shutters. If this is not the case, the owner will have to close the holes with improvised means. The easiest option is to use a sheet of metal that is attached to the ventilation grill with wire.

How to check cellar ventilation?

If you bought a house and do not know the condition of the ventilation system, or have not been in it for a long time, or simply have not been interested in the operation of ventilation before, it is recommended to check it.

How to improve air exchange?

If the basement ventilation system is not working well enough, you can fix the situation in the following ways:

Clean the exhaust duct and vents (or supply pipes). Over time, the ventilation ducts can become clogged with: leaves, poplar fluff and other small debris. This can either worsen or even stop air exchange. Therefore, if there are problems with ventilation, it must first be examined.

Install the fan in the exhaust duct. The most effective way: forced exhaust is always more effective than natural.

Extend the chimney if possible. The higher the exhaust pipe, the greater the pressure drop, and the better the air exchange will be. The method is not very convenient and simple. It can help if there is some kind of “obstacle” next to your building: taller buildings, or tall trees, or the house itself is in a lowland.

Install a deflector on the exhaust pipe. This is easier to do than building a pipe.

The best way to increase draft is to first check the condition of the ventilation pipes, clean them if necessary, and then install a fan in the chimney.

Which pipes to choose for the ventilation system of the cellar?

Selection rules:

Material. D For ventilation ducts, you can use either plastic pipes or galvanized. Galvanized at a cost slightly more expensive than plastic.Since there is not much difference for small rooms, you can take what you like.

Section shape (round or rectangular). Rectangular ones can be mounted back to back along the walls - which is convenient if the cellar is very small.

How to calculate the ventilation system for the cellar?

The calculation must be carried out to determine 2 indicators:

The total air flow in cubic meters that must pass through the basement in 1 hour. Based on this value, it is necessary to choose the fan power if the exhaust ventilation is mechanical.

Cross-sectional area of ​​air ducts. Based on this value, it will be possible to determine the diameter of the exhaust pipe.

Calculation of air flow (+ determination of fan power)

Most private houses are equipped with cellars, which provide storage of agricultural products and home conservation. In the cellars, home workshops, gyms, storage rooms or playrooms are organized. Regardless of the functional purpose of a room located below the zero mark, it is important to ensure the supply of fresh air to the basement with the help of ventilation. This will create favorable humidity and temperature conditions of the room, prevent the appearance of dampness, which reduces the shelf life of household supplies and gradually destroys the foundation of the building. Let us dwell in detail on the issues of creating reliable ventilation of the basement, the calculation method and the features of the installation.

Why is a basement ventilation system necessary?

Many, unfortunately, mistakenly underestimate the need to ventilate the basement, which is not only a room used for storing food, but also the base of the building, which perceives increased loads.

In a basement with good ventilation, there are no problems with food storage.

The neglect of ventilation and the lack of normal air exchange create unfavorable conditions for the storage of agricultural products, reduce the strength of building structures. Under conditions of high humidity, the basement develops mold and fungus.

The result of lack of ventilation is the formation of mold

Equipping the basement with a ventilation system will provide a comfortable microclimate and favorable living conditions in a private house. The design of ventilation communications is carried out at the design stage. Many paid attention to the supply lines and vents, equipped in the foundation of the building.

Air enters the basement through inlet pipes and vents closed with grates.

Outside air enters through these channels in the basement. However, if there are problems with ventilation, it is possible to ensure the movement of air flows by properly installing ventilation devices in the existing room.

Basement ventilation will save homeowners from increased moisture concentration, prevent mold growth, ensure the safety of supplies, and also extend the life of the building, which will remain attractive and warm for many years.

The ventilation system is a complex of air communications that provide air circulation, comfortable temperature conditions and normal humidity.

Calculation and device

The device of ventilation communications is carried out on the basis of the project and preliminary calculations. To ensure air circulation, it is necessary to responsibly approach the calculations.

When choosing the diameter of the air lines intended for the supply and removal of air masses, be guided by the following rule: 25 sq. cm of the air line are able to provide air exchange in the cellar on an area of ​​1 sq. meter.

For example, for ventilation of a basement with an area of ​​12 sq. meters, it is necessary to use an air line with a diameter of 300 square meters. see Knowing the formula for determining the area of ​​a circle S = πR², it is easy to calculate the radius of the ventilation duct. For the case under consideration, the value is 9.8 cm. Rounding the value, we get the diameter of the line, equal to 20 cm. In the case of using pipes with a rectangular cross section, be guided by the area value obtained by calculation. The proposed calculation method allows you to roughly determine the size of the air ducts without taking into account the intensity of circulation.

For effective ventilation of the basement, the air in the room at least 2 times per hour must be replaced by fresh air masses. The selection of the performance of the forced ventilation system is carried out by multiplying the volume of the basement by the multiplicity factor for updating the air in the room.

Let's determine the volume of renewed air for a basement with an area of ​​​​50 square meters. meters and 2 meters high. Multiplying the basement area by the height, we get the volume. Its value will be 100 cubic meters. meters. If it is necessary to replace the air twice during an hour, multiply the volume of the room by the multiplicity factor. We get: 100x2 \u003d 200 cubic meters. meters per hour. The value obtained corresponds to the required capacity of the forced air supply.

Ventilation networks, depending on the type of air exchange system, may consist of metal or plastic pipes, as well as fans.

The use of standard plastic elements avoids corrosion and reduces ventilation costs

To ensure the flow of air to the basement of the building, the following types of ventilation are used:

On your own, at low cost, it is easy to mount an elementary natural circulation system, as well as a forced air exchange system.

Features of natural air circulation

The natural flow of air into the basement occurs due to the difference between the internal and external temperatures, causing the movement of air through the pipes. Thanks to this simple property, fresh air from the street enters the basement through the supply line and displaces the musty and humid air from the room through the exhaust duct.

To ensure traction, it is necessary to ensure the maximum difference between the highways

The positive aspects of the natural circulation system are the low installation costs and the simplicity of the design.

The main elements of the natural circulation system are:

Despite the simplicity of the system, the main disadvantages are the poor efficiency of air mass circulation and the dependence of thrust on natural factors (air pressure and wind speed) that affect the efficiency of air exchange.

The classic version of creating a natural circulation circuit is provided at the design stage. Based on the results of the calculations, the throughput of the highways is determined, taking into account the volume of the basement. The organization of supply and exhaust ventilation does not require special engineering knowledge. The main thing is to ensure the opposite location of the highways, to correctly mark the corresponding diameter.

The exhaust duct should be located in the ceiling of the room with a line elevation of at least 0.6 meters relative to the top of the building. The supply line entering the basement is introduced from the opposite zone of the room at a distance of 0.2–0.4 m from the base. Optimal conditions for natural air exchange are provided by the use of lines with a diameter of 12–15 cm.

The device of the forced air exchange system

The operation of a forced ventilation system is based on the movement of air masses using fans. The forced feed device can be equipped with filter elements, heating and temperature control devices, depending on the degree of equipment of the system and customer requirements.

The main elements of the forced ventilation system:

1. Air lines through which the movement of air flows is carried out.
2. An injection unit that ensures the intensity of the exchange of air masses.
3. A comfort temperature device for air conditioning a basement.
4. Ventilation channels that carry out the process of air exchange.
5. Air intakes necessary to ensure air circulation.
6. Diffusers that combine air lines of various sections.
7. Tees used when it is necessary to combine air flows.

The forced ventilation system has the following advantages:

• the possibility of autonomous operation, regardless of natural factors;
• the presence of automation that regulates air flow and temperature conditions;
• the possibility of installation in rooms with an increased area.

The increased costs associated with the acquisition of equipment and installation, as well as the complexity of the installation operations, make it difficult to widely use the forced air device.

Install forced ventilation equipment according to a previously developed scheme. Be sure to perform a calculation that determines the intensity of air exchange and the cyclical operation of the system.

When equipping a basement room with a forced ventilation device, consider a set of factors related to the features of operation, the degree of automation, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room and the layout of the equipment.

A fan mounted on the chimney increases the intensity of air exchange

Having studied the literature, based on the recommendations of experts, it is easy to independently develop a layout diagram and perform calculations. This will ensure the saving of financial resources and independently, in more detail, study the design features of forced ventilation.

Do-it-yourself ventilation installation

Independent performance of work on the installation of air circulation equipment in the basement requires a detailed acquaintance with the features of the equipment and the principles of ventilation.

Depending on the size of the basement, install a specific air circulation system:

1. Install natural ventilation when the basement area is less than 50 square meters.
2. Installation of forced ventilation is carried out with an increased area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe basement.

Installation of ventilation equipment in the constructed building can be done on your own. You will need a puncher, a grinder and a drill to make holes and form channels in the base of the building, walls, basement and ceiling. Let us dwell in detail on the stages of the implementation of measures for the installation of ventilation communications.

Installation steps

With a small basement area, to ensure air exchange, make small channels (air vents) located on opposite walls in the basement of buildings.

Ventilation of small basements is carried out through channels in the base of the building

Install gratings to prevent rodents from entering the basement.

Installing a grate will reliably protect the basement from rats and mice

Mount dampers inside the basement on the holes designed to adjust the volume of incoming air.

The natural air exchange system does not require the use of special devices. Air masses enter the basement of a private house through the supply line and exit through the tension channel. An important condition is the location of the air ducts in opposite zones of the basement.

Air ducts do not always provide the desired air exchange efficiency. In this case, we recommend installing ventilation of the supply and exhaust type.

Supply and exhaust ventilation consists of two air lines

Proceed as follows:

1. Prepare metal or plastic pipes for the supply line and exhaust duct with a diameter of 10–15 cm.

   

   Using standard elements will speed up installation

2. Mark the opposite sections of the basement in which it is necessary to make holes for the supply of air ducts.
3. Drill holes in the basement and ceiling of the basement, corresponding to the dimensions of the air lines.

   

   Using a special tool makes the job easier

4. Install the supply pipe, ensuring that the outer part is located at a distance of 1 meter from the zero mark, and the inner part is at a level of 0.2–0.5 m from the floor.

   

   The supply channel provides air supply

5. Insert an exhaust pipe into the ceiling hole, which should exit through the hole in the roof of the building.
6. Fix the exhaust line, providing a distance above the ridge of the building of more than 50 cm, necessary to ensure traction.
7. Insulate surfaces of the exhaust pipe extending outside the building and located in the attic.

   

8. Install protective grilles on the supply channels.

Installing a small axial fan in the outlet line, designed to operate in exhaust mode, will increase the intensity of air circulation, providing forced ventilation.

Use clamps to fasten pipes, securely fasten system elements during installation.

The effective operation of the supply and exhaust system is guaranteed with a basement area of ​​​​20-40 square meters. m. For enlarged rooms, installation of a forced air exchange unit will be required. We recommend entrusting the installation of complex ventilation systems equipped with air conditioning and temperature control devices to professionals.

Equipment installation video

The presented video will provide additional information on the installation of elements of the ventilation system.

Checking the operation of ventilation

Checking the efficiency of the ventilation system does not require special training.

Flame deflection indicates normal draft

To determine the quality of air exchange, light a match or lighter and bring it to the exhaust line. If the combustion stops, then the concentration of carbon dioxide in the basement is increased.

The problem is solved by increasing the cross-sectional area of ​​the supply line. The reduced diameter of the inlet channel makes it difficult for air masses to enter. To control the intensity of air exchange, equip the pipes with a slide valve that allows you to adjust the air supply rate.

After making sure that the ventilation is working, adjust the cross-section of the channels with the help of dampers, ensuring optimal air exchange.

Video: how to make do-it-yourself basement ventilation

The video shows a simple do-it-yourself version of the natural ventilation of the cellar.

It is easy to ensure effective ventilation of the basement on your own. It is important to carefully consider the technical features of the ventilation system and, having little building skills, to reliably install the elements. Self-installation of the air exchange device will ensure comfortable air humidity in the basement, as well as save financial resources. Having developed a clear action plan, proceed to equip the basement of a private house with a ventilation device.

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However, in order for the products to stay in it for a long time, it is necessary to ensure effective ventilation. In the article we will tell you how to properly make a hood in the cellar.

How it works?

Natural ventilation must necessarily have 2 pipes: supply and exhaust. It is best to use a galvanized or asbestos pipe when constructing a structure. It is also important to correctly calculate the diameter: 1 sq.m of the basement should be provided with 26 sq.m. see duct area.

Necessary for fresh air to enter the cellar. For greater efficiency, it must be installed in the corner, which is located on the opposite side from the installation site of the hood.

Important! Choose a place for installing the supply air duct so that it does not get clogged with snow in winter.

The supply air duct should be placed in such a way that its open end is at a distance of 40-60 cm from the floor. It should completely penetrate the floors and rise above the roof by about 80 cm.

Thanks to it, there will be an outflow of stale air from the cellar. It is recommended to install it along the corner so that the lower end is under the ceiling.
It should pass in a vertical position through the entire cellar, roof and go beyond it by 50 cm.

In order to collect less condensate or frost in the duct, it is insulated - another one is inserted into it, and the distance between them is filled with insulation.

Ventilation in a cellar with two pipes is carried out due to the different specific gravity of warm air inside and cold outside.

If there is a large temperature difference, there is a risk of a draft, which will lead to freezing of the cellar.
To prevent this, during construction, gate valves are used on the air ducts, which allow you to adjust the air circulation.

Types of systems

Today, two types of ventilation systems are installed: natural and forced. The choice of one or another option is influenced by the volume and layout of the basement.

Forced

The design of the forced system includes pipes, but in order to ensure forced air movement, fans are built into them.

Did you know? The need and benefits of ventilation have been known for centuries. However, then there were no special structures - just airing was carried out.

Typically, the installation site of the fan is the exhaust duct. With its help, it is possible to achieve an artificial vacuum in the cellar, thanks to which fresh air can enter the room through the inlet.

Depending on the volume of the cellar, fans of different capacities are selected. If the basement has complex configurations, fans are installed on both channels.
When constructing a forced exhaust, you cannot do without the help of a specialist who will help you correctly calculate the intake and output of air flows, the diameters of the required air ducts and the power of the fans.

Natural

The main idea of ​​creating a natural hood is to take into account the difference in pressure and temperature in the cellar and beyond. It is very important to correctly determine where the pipes will be located.
It is better to place the air inlet at a height of 25-30 cm from the floor, while the exhaust should not be lower than 10-20 cm from the ceiling. If you place it lower, dampness and mold will soon appear on the ceiling.

How to make calculations?

If you decide to make a hood in the cellar with your own hands, you should pay close attention to the calculations related to the diameters of the pipes.

When constructing professional ventilation, complex calculations and formulas are used that are inappropriate for a home-made design. We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the methodology that will be suitable for the construction of home-made ventilation.

Important! Be sure to cover the opening of the suction pipe with a metal mesh, as without it, rodents and insects can enter the cellar.

S=3x2=6 sq.m.

Given the ratio that we took as a basis, the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipe channel will be:

T=6x26=156 sq.cm.

The radius of the ventilation duct is calculated by the formula:

R=√(T/π)=√(156/3.14)≈7.05cm

D≈14cm=140mm.

If there is only supply ventilation (the exhaust is represented by a hatch), the cross section of the inlet pipe can be slightly increased - an air duct with a diameter of 15 cm is quite suitable.

To ensure efficient air exchange, it is recommended to install an exhaust pipe, the diameter of which is 10-15% larger than that of the inlet pipe.

For the exhaust duct, an air duct with the following diameter is suitable:

Dv \u003d Dp + 15% \u003d 140 + 21≈160 mm.

Installation of ventilation pipes

In this section, we will tell you how to properly ventilate the cellar and what you should pay special attention to.

Where to locate

The supply air duct is brought out from the surface of the earth. Its lower end should be located almost near the cellar floor, at a distance 20-30 cm.

To install the exhaust pipe, choose the opposite corner of the basement, draw it close to the ceiling. One of its ends is led through the ceilings to the roof.

To improve the efficiency of the ventilation design, use the following tip: place a deflector on the pipe above the roof surface.

By covering the pipe with a cap, you can create negative pressure, which will increase the efficiency of the ventilation system.

Did you know? In ancient Egypt, ventilation was first actively used. Pyramide Cheops has a huge number of air ducts.

Material selection

For the construction of the hood, the following materials are usually used:

Asbestos cement pipes are very similar to slate pipes, which is why they got the same name. Both materials are quite durable, have high reliability and strength. Installation of polyethylene pipes is easy to carry out independently.

Installation

When installing a ventilation system, pay attention to things like this:

• When installing the system in an already finished cellar, you will need to make a special hole in the ceiling.
• Through this hole it is necessary to lower the pipe into the basement - it will draw air. Fix it at the top, next to the ceiling.
• The part of the pipe that is outside the room must be raised by at least 1500 mm above the ground or above the roof.
• In the opposite corner of the basement, it is necessary to make a hole in the roof and install a supply pipe through it. It must end at a distance 20-50 cm from the floor.
• The supply air duct must not protrude too much from the roof. It will be enough to raise it to 25 cm.
• When installing the supply pipe in the wall, a deflector must be put on its outer end.
• If the house has a fireplace or stove, the outlet pipe should be installed near the chimney.

Important! Improper ventilation or lack of it will lead to the formation of stale air, which is sure to seep into the house and can adversely affect people's health. To prevent this, regularly check the presence of traction.

There is nothing complicated in installing a ventilation system, the main thing is to follow all the rules and recommendations.

In order to maintain the cellar in good condition and store food in it for a long time, it is necessary to take care of the microclimate.
It is very important to maintain low humidity in the basement. To do this, it is necessary to periodically ventilate the room. In summer, it is recommended to keep the doors and shutters open. Gusts of warm wind will quickly dry the cellar.