We make warm plaster with our own hands. Warm plaster: factory and home-made solutions How to make warm plaster yourself

Warmth in the house is one of the most important factors that you should pay attention to when building a room. Heat loss can be minimized in various ways. Today, more and more often, special warm plasters are used for this. They are applied only from the inside, which allows you to further align the walls for further finishing.

Peculiarities

Warm plaster is a mixture based on cement, the main task of which is to keep the heat inside the room. Classic sand-based solutions are characterized by high heat loss. To increase thermal insulation, various fillers are added to the composition of plasters that can create a porous structure.

Today, in production, these products are made from such substances:

• expanded clay;
• perlite;
• sawdust;
• expanded polystyrene.

Plasters of this type have several positive features:

• Ease of application. The wall covering technology practically does not differ from the classic plastering with cement mixtures.
• Versatility. With the help of plaster, not only heat loss is reduced, but also the walls are leveled for decorative finishing.
• Vapor permeability. Substances pass moisture well, which allows you to create an optimal microclimate inside the house.
• No cold bridges.

• Good adhesion to various types of surfaces. This allows you to finish almost all walls with minimal cost and effort. On some substrates, plasters can be applied even without prior priming.
• Good soundproofing. The compositions absorb sound waves of various ranges well. But if they are affected by vibration, then they are not able to hide such noise.
• Plasters are not damaged by rodents, and mold and other harmful microorganisms do not develop in them.

Warm compounds do not differ in versatility, as they have several significant drawbacks:

• High price. It is quite expensive to purchase such compositions in large volumes, which makes people look for alternative insulation options.
• Low coefficient of thermal conductivity. This indicator for plasters is much inferior to the value for such heaters as mineral wool, polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam.
• The maximum thickness of the plaster cannot exceed 5 cm. If this value is increased, then the composition will peel off very quickly after hardening.
• Relatively high density. Although the composition includes relatively light materials, after application to the walls, they can still create a significant load on the surface.
• Almost all types of plaster mixtures after application should be covered with additional protective solutions. In most cases, puttying with various compounds (based on gypsum or cement) is used for this.

Kinds

Modern manufacturers present many types of warm plasters. Depending on the composition and presence of the main component, the following types of mixtures can be distinguished:

• Expanded breeds. The most common type of heat-saving plasters. They are obtained in the process of high-temperature processing of various types of mineral fillers. Today, expanded clay chips, vermiculite and perlite are increasingly used for this. These products can be used both inside and outside buildings. But the latter option requires additional processing (reinforcement, finishing), since water will penetrate into the rooms through the pores, violating the structure of the finishing materials.

• Polystyrene compositions. Plasters on a similar basis also receive unique protective properties. But experts recommend using them only for external walls. This is due to the fact that the material is not environmentally friendly, so it is undesirable inside residential premises.
• Foam glass plaster. The filler is obtained from waste glass or directly from quartz sand. All these components melt and are amenable to sequential foaming, which allows achieving unique technical parameters. Stucco mixtures based on foam glass are distinguished by their low weight and good heat retention performance.

This material is environmentally friendly and safe, since it does not emit any harmful substances at all (even when heated). Therefore, such a substance is one of the leaders in the manufacture of heat-saving plasters.

• Wood sawdust. The material is quite often used in industrial production. It is also used by many craftsmen for the preparation of warm plasters. Compositions based on sawdust have unique heat-saving characteristics, and are also completely safe for human health. But with strong heating, sawdust can begin to smolder.

It should be noted that warm plasters are not a universal insulation, as they are not able to replace classic materials. But if you need to improve the thermal insulation properties of wall surfaces, then it will be the best solution.

Application area

Warm plasters are the name of a class of mixtures that can increase the thermal insulation of a surface. This has led to such a wide distribution of this product in the modern market.

Use similar compositions to solve several problems:

• Alignment and insulation of facades. Theoretically, various heat-insulating plasters can be applied outside the building. But some of them can withstand changes in temperature and humidity, while others should be additionally covered with a protective layer. Therefore, the use of such materials outside is limited to only a few varieties.
• Alignment and thermal insulation of internal walls. Almost all types of plasters are suitable for such purposes. Some of them are able to change not only the heat-insulating properties, but also give a decorative effect.

• Insulation of structures that were built according to the principle of "well masonry". Insulating plaster is used here to fill the voids that have formed in the wall structure.
• Protection of sewerage or water supply from exposure to low temperatures. In most cases, they are used in places where pipes adjoin the house. Works of this type require preliminary planning and the creation of protective frames.
• Insulation of door or window slopes. Insulating plaster prevents the occurrence of cold bridges. This avoids condensation.
• Thermal insulation of ceiling or floor surfaces. But such use of them is relatively rare, as users prefer classic heaters and approaches.

Application technology

Warm plasters are practically no different from classic mixtures.

The plastering process can be divided into several successive steps:

• Surface preparation. This type of plaster should only be applied to clean and even walls. It is desirable that they do not have cracks or other physical damage. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to eliminate the gaps with cement mortars.
• Padding. This operation is optional for many mixtures. It is advisable to clarify this fact before using solutions. But experts recommend almost always covering the walls with deep penetration primers. They will not only strengthen the wall, but also remove dust from its surface.
• Solution preparation. All components should be mixed only in exact proportions. Experts recommend kneading the entire package at once, as the components in it may be distributed unevenly.

The mixing of the masonry mortar is carried out with a construction mixer. Please note that this should not be done at high speeds. It is advisable to add dry mixture to water, and not vice versa. Thus, you can get a uniform and high-quality plaster. To check if the mixture is ready, it must be typed on a spatula and turned over. In this position, it should not fall.

• Installation of beacons. These elements are located around the perimeter of the walls. They allow you to achieve a perfectly flat surface.
• Plastering. The composition is applied with a wide spatula between the beacons. Experts recommend starting work from the bottom and moving up. The solution is distributed in an even layer. When the area between adjacent beacons is full, you can start leveling. To do this, the mixture is shifted by a long rule, while leaning on the supports.
• When the plaster hardens a little, you need to remove the beacons and fill these places with a liquid composition. At the very end, the final alignment is carried out.

Manufacturers

Warm plasters differ in composition, which affects their physical properties. Today, many manufacturers of cement mortars produce various products. Among all this diversity, there are several popular brands of warm plasters:

• Knauf Grunband- one of the most famous types of plasters. It is made on the basis of polystyrene foam filler. The fraction of balls does not exceed the size of 1.5 mm. The manufacturer also adds various types of plasticizers and water-repellent additives. After hardening, the top layer of plaster forms a unique decorative surface. Subsequently, it can be painted with special paints that will protect the surface from climatic influences. It is not recommended for indoor use. To obtain optimal thermal insulation performance, the solution should be applied in a layer with a thickness of at least 1 cm, but not more than 3 cm.

• UMKA UB-21 ТМ. Universal heat-insulating plasters that perfectly withstand significant temperature changes. The applied layer of substance is able to endure up to 35 winter cycles. It is made on the basis of a cement-lime mixture with the addition of foam glass. The product can be applied to almost any mineral substrate. Great for any kind of work. The materials also repel water quite well, which allows you to protect the main surface from its effects. Another advantage can be considered the quality indicators of sound insulation. But if you use it for interior walls, then the surface after hardening will need to be additionally covered with special putties.

• "Bear"- Another good variety of solutions of domestic production. According to customer reviews, it tolerates frosty winters well. The advantages of products include low thermal conductivity. It is universal, as it can be used in various temperature conditions.
• HAGAst AuBenputzPerlit FS-402. The main constituent elements here are cement and perlite sand. Compositions are intended for processing cellular concrete and gas silicate blocks. But they are also suitable for brick and wood concrete. The only drawback can be considered the inability of the plaster to withstand external influences. Therefore, it should be additionally putty with protective solutions.

Warm plaster for interior work is a very unusual and new building and finishing material for many, which has appeared relatively recently on the domestic market. Accordingly, it is quite natural to consider the question of what kind of building mixtures - warm plasters - and how to use them.

Composition of warm plaster

Warm plaster for interior work is a dry mix based on ordinary cement. The difference from the classic solution is the absence of sand in the composition. It can be replaced by any other components:

• Perlite sand.
• Expanded clay crumb.
• Powder derived from pumice.
• Styrofoam granules and other materials.

Varieties of warm plaster

There are several varieties of warm plaster. Building mixtures differ in composition, scope, application method and technical and operational characteristics.

The following three are among the most popular.

Warm plaster with expanded vermiculite

Expanded vermiculite is a light mineral aggregate obtained by heat treatment of vermiculite rock. Warm plaster with the addition of such a component is used mainly for outdoor work. Despite this, it can also be used for interior decoration - it is a universal building material. Among the advantages of vermiculite warm plaster are excellent antiseptic properties.

sawdust plaster

Warm plaster for interior work, which is especially popular and not intended for exterior decoration - the so-called sawdust mixture. It consists of sawdust, particles of cement, clay and often paper. Actually, it is for this reason that it is not used for outdoor work.

This mixture is ideal for application to wood and brick surfaces. The applied layers of plaster should dry out only if the room is well ventilated. Complete drying takes about two weeks. In a closed room, fungus and mold can develop on the surface of the plaster.

Styrofoam granules plaster

Another good type of plaster is a mixture with the addition. Its composition, in addition, includes cement, lime, various additives and aggregates. It is mainly used for exterior finishing work, but it can also be used for interior.

Styrofoam granular plaster is the most common, unlike the other two types.

Scope of warm plaster

To date, dry mixes of this type are used in the following areas:

• Building decoration and thermal insulation.
• Additional insulation and sound insulation of external and internal walls of buildings.
• When using well masonry - wall insulation.
• Insulation of sewer drains, risers of hot and cold water supply.
• Insulation of window blocks and slopes in places where they fit to the walls.
• As a heat-insulating and sound-proofing material for interior finishing work.
• Experts advise using warm plaster as a material for insulating floors and ceilings.

Benefits of warm plaster

• Quick application of plaster - in a day of work, you can cover a surface of 110-170 square meters. m.
• Does not require the use of reinforcing mesh.
• There is no need to level the walls if warm plaster is used for interior work.
• The mixture has excellent adhesion to all types of surfaces.
• There is no risk of occurrence because there are no metallic bonds.

disadvantages

• The mixture does not belong to the category of finishing coatings and requires the application of not only a primer, but also a layer of decorative plaster.
• Unlike wool or polystyrene, the thickness of insulation with a warm composition is several times greater.
• Plaster is not quite economically consumed - the price for it, by the way, is not so low.

Where should you use warm plaster?

Based on all the pros and cons of this dry mix, it is best to use it in the following works:

• Sealing of joints and cracks in ceilings and walls of buildings.
• For internal work in case of additional insulation, for example, when it is impossible to carry out insulation procedures outside the building, a cladding is installed, which will deteriorate during disassembly.
• Window trim.
• Basement insulation.

Technology for applying warm plaster

The base before applying this type of dry mix is ​​prepared in the same way as before applying conventional cement-based plaster. Remains of other materials, dust and dirt are carefully removed. If necessary, the surface can be treated with special compounds or a primer in order to strengthen and improve adhesion.

An important requirement is that before starting work on applying plaster, the base must be thoroughly moistened with water.

Sequencing:

1. The dry mixture is poured into a container prepared in advance with a volume of at least 50 liters.
2. Clean water is added in the amount indicated on the plaster package.
3. With the help of a construction mixer, the mass is mixed.
4. The life of the finished mixture is 120 minutes.

It is very simple to check the consistency of the resulting mixture - a small amount of the solution is collected on a trowel, after which the tool is turned over. A well-mixed mixture should not fall off it. Finished plaster can be applied both manually and by machine.

• Warm plaster is applied to the base surface with special construction tools in several layers, and the layer thickness should not exceed 2 cm.
• Each subsequent layer is applied 4 hours after the previous one.
• The drying time of each layer may vary depending on the level of humidity in the air.
• Warm plaster is applied with movements from the bottom up.
• Checking the applied layer is carried out three to four weeks after all work has been completed.
• The full curing of the plaster occurs within one to two months.

Mistakes when applying warm plaster

During interior finishing work using warm plaster, certain mistakes can often be made, especially if they are not handled by specialists. As a result of this, delaminations, cracks may appear or the geometry of the entire room may change due to an applied layer that is too thick.

The quality is checked quite simply: for this, a rule-rake is applied to the surface. In the presence of gaps between the tool and the wall, there are violations of the geometry.

When applying plaster, the most important thing is to avoid deviations from the vertical or horizontal by more than 3 mm.

Dry mix consumption

Plaster is consumed (the price for it varies between 200-900 rubles per package), depending on the thickness of the layer: about 10-15 kilograms are spent per square meter of the base.

If the work is done by specialists, you will have to pay about $ 15 for their services, not counting the cost of the materials and tools themselves.

Plaster layer thickness

Depending on the thickness of the walls, the material from which they are made, and the climatic zone in which the building is located, the size of the layer of the finishing composition also varies. According to standard calculations, 51 cm can be insulated by applying a layer of plaster of 8-10 cm on it. Of course, such a consumption of the mixture is simply huge and irrational, so it is best to use it as an additional material. Unlike classic bricks, aerated concrete or ceramic blocks require a much smaller layer of plaster.

The standard material thickness recommended by manufacturers is from 2 to 5 cm. Calculating the required amount of the mixture is quite simple, in addition, it is supplied in separate packages weighing 7-10 kilograms. The standard amount of plaster is usually enough to apply a layer of 2-2.5 cm per square meter of surface.

Plaster "Knauf"

Dry mix "Knauf" is a very expensive finishing material with good heat-insulating and water-repellent properties. Safe insulation, easy to apply on the prepared base. Its advantages include vapor permeability, weather resistance, absolute environmental friendliness and additional surface insulation.

Plaster "Knauf" - the best option for interior finishing work.

Recently, among the thermal insulation products in the construction industry, a new material has appeared, which has received the unofficial name of warm plaster. In addition to the functions of protecting the walls of the building from environmental influences, the composition acts as a heat-insulating material, keeping energy inside the building.

Speaking of plastering walls, the question of the laboriousness of the work, the need to attract specialists with experience and qualifications comes to mind, but with the classic application of a sand-cement mixture on walls, the problem of wall insulation is not solved. With heat-insulating or “warm” plaster, one problem during construction will become less.

When warming, warm plaster is used for the facade and interior work. It is highly energy efficient, but remains an inexpensive building material.

Material composition

Traditional stucco formulations use cement, sand, water, and optionally mineral additives to add strength or frost resistance to the final product.

Heat-insulating plaster has the properties of both a heater and a cement mixture.

This effect is achieved by applying a special recipe to the production of the material. The most common substances with which the material is diluted to improve its energy-efficient properties of steel are:

• expanded vermiculite;
• sawdust;
• granulated expanded clay crumbs;
• crushed pumice;
• granulated polystyrene foam.

Manufacturers and prices

The material production technology appeared not so long ago, but there is already competition among manufacturers. Now the most famous heat-insulating plaster of three brands: "Mishka" or "Varmiks", "Umka" and "Knauf". Below is a description of each of them.

• Heat-insulating mix "Umka". In recent years, a popular material. It has gained fame as a product suitable for interior decoration work. The basis of "Umka" is granular silicon balls. It has vapor barrier properties, does not absorb moisture, absorbs sound waves, and is an excellent thermal insulator. Silicon balls are odorless, they are harmless to human health. In addition to increased thermal insulation properties due to granulated ceramic balls, the plaster composition acquires increased strength with a lighter specific gravity. The application of such a mixture on the surface of the walls does not require additional treatment with soil compositions or the installation of a reinforcing mesh. In the construction markets, "Umka" is sold at a price of 100 rubles per 1 kg.

• Warm plaster "Mishka" or "Varmiks". Someone confuses these two materials, but they have one manufacturer who rebranded the brand. Like the previous insulation, "Bear" in its raw form is a dry mixture, which is diluted with water in the required proportions before being applied to the surface. The finished composition has high adhesion properties to any surfaces, so there is no need to treat the walls with primers. It is an excellent sound and vapor barrier material. "Mishka" has the positive properties of a competitor and is used as a heat-insulating plaster for outdoor work. The price in the store for a kilogram of "Mishka" starts from 120 rubles per kilogram.

• Thermal insulating composition "Knauf". Manufacturers have taken care of the versatility of the final product. "Knauf" can be applied to any type of surface. Even floor slabs are insulated and plastered with the mixture. Due to the fact that the plaster composition is applied both manually and using machine mechanisms, a person in the production of work has the opportunity to save time.

In the construction market, the manufacturer presents the mixture in a wide range of products, each of which is designed for specific tasks. By adding additives during production, the tasks of endowing the final product with frost resistance, moisture resistance, or other properties are solved.

The impact of negative temperatures during the operation of the building does not adversely affect its chemical or physical properties. Initially, the material is provided with high strength parameters, which gives the capital structures of the building additional protection.

Types of warm plaster

Technically, the material has the properties it needs due to the addition of insulating materials to the base. There are three types of mixtures according to composition.

• Plaster based on vermiculite. This additive is produced by heat treatment of vermiculite rock. Expanded vermiculite has antiseptic properties, protecting wall coverings from the formation of harmful fungal formations. This light mineral filler is added to ready-mixed dry mixes, making it suitable for facade work and interior decoration.
• Stucco mixture containing expanded polystyrene granules. The content of expanded polystyrene makes the plaster an excellent thermal insulation. In addition to this insulating material, the composition includes cement, lime, special additives and fillers. It is suitable for use as a warm plaster for exterior and interior building work.
• Another type of this heat-insulating mixture is called "sawdust" , since in addition to cement, sawdust, clay, paper are added to it. Due to the content of additional components, heat-insulating plaster for interior work is used for thermal insulation. Such warm plaster in the production of outdoor work on the outside of the wall is not resistant to constant moisture. However, it is also suitable for interior work. When insulating walls with such a composition, keep in mind that during the period of solidification of the solution, it is necessary to ensure constant ventilation of the room. "Sawdust" solution is applied to brick and wooden walls. Curing time is about two weeks. If you do not ventilate the room at the same time, then as a result the surface of the finish will be covered with mold or fungus.

Cement heat-insulating plaster Knauf Grunband

The warm plaster Knauf Grunband deserves special attention. The Knauf product line itself is well known, but among them there are the most popular ones. Fractional components are not more than 1.5 mm in diameter. Application is carried out in two ways: manually and with the help of electrical equipment.

This mixture is also used in addition to performing the main functionality. It also helps to solve other problems, such as:

1. Application of a waterproofing coating on the walls of facades, basements, sanitary rooms and other rooms with high humidity.
2. Strengthening the surface of the facades. The high characteristics of the Knauf Grunband mixture in the field of resistance to physical stress make it possible to protect the walls from the effects of external conditions associated with the natural shrinkage processes of soils under the building. As a result, cracks do not form on the surface.
3. decorative tasks. The structure makes it possible, through simple manipulations, to turn the plaster layer into a finishing decorative element of wall decoration. As a result, no additional painting work is required, except for the final painting of the surface.

Knauf Grünband is sold at retail outlets in containers of 25 kilograms. One bag when applied to a wall with a thickness of 1.5 cm is enough to treat a surface of 1-1.4 square meters. m.

Work progress

Insulating plaster is applied on the surface of the walls according to traditional technology. Before starting work, the surface is cleaned of dust and flaky elements. Some types of warm plasters do not require primer treatment, but for higher adhesion, applying a primer will not be superfluous.

Mixing of the solution is carried out in building containers with a volume of at least 50 liters.

The packaging says how much liquid technology will need to be added to the mixture. Some plaster compositions harden in a short time, so you should carefully study the instructions from the manufacturer to avoid rejecting the material.

In order to save time, the execution of work is entrusted to experienced teams that have already made more than one object using this technology.

Plaster, suitable as insulation for the facade, is applied in the same way as that used indoors. When working with it, it is important to pay attention to the frost resistance properties of the material, its adhesion at sub-zero temperatures. In the process of plastering the facade with warm plaster with your own hands in the winter, there is a risk that the solution will not grab the frozen wall surface. In the future, the layer will move away from the wall, and the material will have to be thrown away.

The material is applied to the walls in several layers. At the same time, each layer is not made thicker than 20 mm, and it can be applied no earlier than 4 hours after the previous one. For the production of work, experienced specialists use construction spatulas of two sizes: wide and small. The quality of work is checked using two-meter rules with a level. This should be done 3 weeks after the end of the work. The deviation of the plane from the level, as a rule, should not exceed 1-3 mm.

Preparatory stage

Applying plaster for facade insulation will require more preparation before starting work than indoors. Work at height requires strict adherence to safety measures, the use of only certified equipment and building structures to ensure the safety of work. Before starting work, elements protruding from the body of the capital structure are removed from the surface of the outer walls. After completion of general construction work, masons do not remove pieces of dressing reinforcement. They are cut off to avoid injury in the future.

Reinforcement works

When the planning and preparation phase is over, the time comes when the warm facade plaster is applied. In modern realities, this stage often begins with disappointment, as it turns out that the differences on the walls being processed are too large. Although the solutions have high strength characteristics, sometimes this is not enough to do without the use of a reinforcing mesh as a supporting base.

The reinforcing layer is technologically designed to withstand loads from its own weight. Manufacturers provide data that their products do not require the provision of reinforcing mesh. In this matter, it is worth additionally monitoring the problem with obtaining expert advice, and then making the final decision whether to reinforce the base under the plaster layer.

Advantages and disadvantages of warm plasters

Warm plaster for interior construction work is not ideal. Like any product, it has its pros and cons. Below is a description of the positive and negative features for the general group of heat-insulating plaster mixes.

Positive traits:

• no deformation changes over time, wear resistance;
• high strength;
• the absence of components harmful to health in raw materials;
• resistance to low temperatures;
• high adhesion properties;
• the possibility of applying to any type of surface;
• in most cases does not require a reinforcing layer.

The negative properties of the material include two points.

The thermal insulation properties of the material are lower than those of classical heaters. To ensure similar properties, it will be necessary to create a solution layer 1.5-2 times thicker than with conventional thermal insulation.

Thermal insulation compound is rarely used as a top coat. After drying, it requires final processing with more suitable materials for this.

Mixture consumption

Plastering walls with the help of hired personnel may be accompanied by unjustified material costs. The control of the production of the mixture by the builders is provided by calculations based on the data of the manufacturers of the heat-insulating material.

Consumption is from 10 to 18 kg per sq. meter. The consumption of warm plaster for outdoor use will reach up to 25 kg per square meter. meter, so a thicker layer must be applied to the outer walls.

Different manufacturers may differ in numbers, but not to a large extent. The consumption will become higher if the wall surface has too many irregularities, and also because of the overspending of builders on marriage. These points are worth paying attention to.

How to make warm plaster with your own hands

When it is not possible to purchase a ready-made mixture, then it is worth trying to make it yourself. Do-it-yourself warm plaster is made in a simple way. It is important to note that for its manufacture it is not enough just to add granules of insulating raw materials to the cement-sand mixture. A special plasticizer is used.

For the manufacture of the composition, you will need ordinary water, cement, heat-insulating filler (vermiculite) and a plasticizer. PVA glue is used as a plasticizer. The ingredients are mixed in proportion: four parts of the filler for one part of cement. PVA glue is enough 50 grams per bucket of cement. Add water to desired consistency.

Plastering the surface of the walls with a do-it-yourself composition takes place in three stages:

1. The plasticizer is diluted in water.
2. Filler is added to the cement. The finished mixture is mixed until a homogeneous mass.
3. The dry composition is diluted with liquid, and the resulting solution is allowed to stand for 15 minutes.

After completion of the preparatory work, the product is ready for use.

A good owner, when planning the construction or renovation of his house, must think through everything to the smallest detail. In a series of issues to be resolved, insulation is always one of the most important - comfortable conditions for people should be created in the house, and decoration - everyone wants to live in an aesthetic environment. Practice shows that very often these problems intersect, and a number of technological operations are aimed at simultaneously solving both sides of the issue.

One of the materials that meet such a complex concept of “insulation + finishing” is warm plaster for interior work. By applying it to the walls, the master levels them and, with the correct thermal engineering calculation, at the same time gives them the required degree of thermal insulation.

This publication will be structured as follows:

• Anyone who has experience in building and finishing works can immediately calculate the required thickness of the application of warm plaster to ensure effective thermal insulation, and then the amount of material that will be required for these purposes. To do this, at the beginning of the article there are two convenient calculators.
• For beginners, it is recommended that you first familiarize yourself with the theory: the purpose and composition of warm plasters of various types, with the principles for carrying out the necessary calculations, with a brief overview of popular brands. After that, it will be easy to return to calculators, and already competently make calculations.

Calculators for calculating warm plaster

Calculator for calculating the required thickness of a warm plaster layer

The meaning of the calculation is that the enclosing structure (including, in fact, the main wall itself and layers of insulation) must have a total heat transfer resistance not lower than that established by regulatory documents (SNiP) for a given region in accordance with its climatic features.

warm plaster

• The value of the normalized value of heat transfer resistance (R) can be taken from the diagram below:

• Main wall options. To be finished with warm plaster, include the material of its manufacture and thickness in millimeters.
• Warm plaster is extremely rarely used as the main insulation, and more often becomes an addition to the main layer. It is necessary to enter the parameters of this layer: the thickness and type of insulation material.

Until recently, the concept of "warm plaster" caused bewilderment on the faces of people who select finishing materials for the renovation of their apartment or the exterior walls of the house.

Today, with the use of a warm plaster mixture, the external and internal decoration of residential and office buildings is successfully performed.

Warm plaster for interior work is produced in two main directions: to create a preparatory and finishing layer. In both cases, the finishing material has high strength and thermal insulation performance.

COMPONENTS OF WARM PLASTER

Warm plaster refers to multicomponent mixtures.

It consists of:

• fillers- substances that allow the plaster layer to provide vapor permeability;
• plasticizers- they endow the finishing material with high elastic properties;
• water repellents- These components provide resistance to moisture.

As a binder, white Portland cement or ordinary lime with the addition of gypsum is used.

Schematic of a wall with warm plaster

Warm plaster is distinguished by fillers, which give the material thermal insulation characteristics.

At the moment, two types of warm finishes have become widespread: with organic and mineral components.

Expanded polystyrene can act as an organic additive. It is used in the form of granules, foamed during production.

Since this type of organic filler is characterized by low strength, the plasters in which it is included are covered with a protective finish.

Mineral components are divided into types. Substances of one group are natural materials with a porous structure of volcanic origin (expanded perlite, vermiculite).

Other elements are fractional hollow grains of the foam glass type. They give the plastered surface a high level of mechanical strength.

ADVANTAGE OF USING WARM PLASTER

Warm plaster, due to the universal properties obtained during production, can be used for finishing the internal and external walls of buildings.

In addition to high thermal insulation performance, the finishing material is endowed with:

• Light weight - unlike standard plaster, after setting the screed, its specific gravity can be from 240 to 360 kg / m3;
• Monolithic layer - it eliminates the appearance of temperature bridges, peeling and shedding of the finish surface;
• Good adhesion - due to the high level of adhesion, warm plaster is suitable for almost all surface bases. If it is necessary to apply a layer with a thickness of about 5 cm, it becomes necessary to use a primer and reinforcing fiberglass;
• Possibility of restoration - the plaster layer is easily restored as a result of any mechanical damage;
• Ease of use - no need for specialized equipment. When performing work, a standard set of tools is sufficient: a spatula, grater and trowel;
• Safety - warm plaster refers to environmentally friendly finishing materials, due to which it is used not only for plastering facade surfaces (warm facade plaster), but also for the internal walls of a dwelling. This fact applies to certified mixtures;
• Finishing layer - plaster perfectly acts as a decorative finishing coating for both external and internal surfaces of the building. Due to the additional use of a coloring vapor-permeable substance, the mixtures acquire the necessary color.

HOW TO MAKE WARM PLASTER WITH YOUR HANDS

Do-it-yourself warm plaster is made simply, since all the necessary materials are on the construction market.

As mentioned above, the components of a warm plaster mixture are porous materials, a plasticizer and ordinary cement.

Applying warm plaster

Due to the porous components, warm plaster performs insulating functions and is endowed with vapor-permeable properties, which means it can breathe.

Mold and fungus do not settle on vapor-permeable materials, since there is no source of their occurrence - dampness.

Thanks to the use of plasticizers, the composition based on cement binder receives good plasticity and setting with the carrier base.

That is why heat-insulating plasters have characteristics that allow them to be applied to a wooden, concrete, brick and even ceramic plane.

Warm plaster is made using the following technology:

• one part of cement M500;
• four parts grains of perlite or vermiculite;
• water (add until the consistency of thick sour cream is obtained);
• plasticizer (replace PVA glue, take with the expectation of 50 grams per bucket of cement).

Step-by-step instructions for making a solution:

• plasticizer or PVA glue is diluted in water;
• thoroughly mix cement with granules;
• water is poured into the dry mixture, kneaded until plasticity is obtained.

After 15 minutes, when the composition settles, the turn of work begins on applying warm plaster to the prepared surface.

Homemade plaster is much cheaper. This is especially noticeable when compared with mixtures of well-known companies, for example, Knauf.

It is also worth noting here that heat-insulating plaster cannot be used as the main insulation material, but nevertheless, it can retain some of the heat in the room.

KNAUF PLASTER FOR BUILDING FACADES

Using warm Grunband plaster from Knauf for finishing the facades of buildings, you can save on insulation materials, but you will have to spend money on surface decorative finishes.

As a decor, various finishing putties, polyurethane panels or vapor-permeable paints are used.

Scheme of the plaster facade system

Preparation of the solution does not take much time, but requires the use of a construction mixer.

This is a necessity, because it is quite difficult to manually mix 30 kg of dry mix with water until the desired consistency is obtained.

The set includes:

• building level and rule;
• trowel, metal spatula and grater.

Facade plaster "Knauf" is applied only on the prepared surface, due to which it is laid in an even layer.

In the process of preparatory work, the old exfoliated finish, dirt and dust are removed from the base.

Detected small chips and cracks can not be puttied, as all defects will be hidden by the finishing material.

Then, the outer walls are primed, which will act as an additional protection for the facade finish from moisture penetration. The primer is applied to a dry surface.

If, in the plans, another type of insulation is laid under the plaster layer, for example, polyurethane foam, then you should not worry about how the plaster will lie down and whether the plaster will adhere firmly to it.

Due to the special fiberglass reinforced mesh, which is overlapped on the insulated outer walls of the building, the plaster mixture can be applied in the same way as on a concrete or brick base.

Here it is worth mentioning some features of the work carried out using the Knauf plaster mixture:

• The thickness of the applied layer of heat-insulating facade plaster can be about 20 mm, but no more, as the mixture will begin to slide off the work surface. It is distributed by the rule along the plane of the wall. If it is necessary to plaster the walls with a thicker layer, for example, 30 mm, the process of the work being done is divided into several stages. At the first stage, one layer of the Knauf solution is applied; on the second - on the first layer, reinforcing with a mesh is carried out; at the final stage - a second layer of plaster is laid, but only after the first has dried;
• After the plaster mixture has begun to set, its surface is slightly moistened with water and rubbed with a grater.

To create an outwardly attractive appearance, the facade treated with warm plaster is lined with any decorative material you like.

The main thing is that it meets the requirements that allow the facade to maintain an unchanged appearance.