Building sand bulk density kg m3. Quarry sand density

Sand is a loose material. It is difficult to measure its true density - it is almost impossible to remove gaps between grains of sand. For this reason, the concept of sand bulk density is more applicable to sand. This is the average weight of the material per unit volume.

Concept and meanings

Behind the definition of the bulk density of sand lies the value of the dry mass of the material per unit volume, measured in cubic meters or cubic centimeters.

There are many types of sand by origin, fraction. Small grains of sand fit more densely into the volume than large ones, therefore their mass is much larger. And vice versa.

So, the sand extracted from the river, usually smooth and polished, has a dense structure. Its weight per cube averages 1500-1600 kg / m 3 according to GOST 8736-93. Sand grains from a quarry are often porous with sharp corners and edges; these weigh much less - about 1300 kg / m 3.

Density factors

The bulk density of sand depends on several factors:

• The fraction and shape of the grains of sand determines the density of the bulk material to a greater extent. The larger the fragments, the greater the distance between them remains and vice versa. Rounded and square grains of sand take up more space than flat ones.
• Breed of origin. The denser the mineral from which the sand was formed, the greater the mass.
• Remains of soil and organic impurities also affect the bulk mass of sand. The technology for the preparation of mortars involves the use of purified fine aggregate, so this parameter can be adjusted by washing or sieving the embankment.
• Humidity after washing or sanding. Water penetrates into the pores of the grains of sand and increases their weight. The bulk density of dry sand is up to 30% less than that of wet sand. As it dries, the mass decreases and the volume increases.
• Sand compacted during laying has a much higher density per unit volume than that normally filled.

The value of mass per cubic meter can be clearly seen in the table of bulk density of natural sand:

Calculation of change in volume and mass

Sand is delivered to the construction site in different forms: dry or wet, river or quarry. It may not be used immediately: the material is applied as needed. If the mound is stored outdoors, the grains of sand constantly change humidity depending on weather conditions. These factors have to be taken into account by technologists before preparing working solutions and backfilling pits.

Since the bulk density of fine and coarse sand is constantly changing, compaction factors are used to determine the actual mass of the volume without weighing. Some of them are shown in the table:

The average density of the material is multiplied by the coefficient, the desired result is obtained. The table shows the most popular values ​​of k y.

The bulk sand compaction coefficient does not guarantee an accurate result - the error can be 5 percent or more. The only reliable way to determine the mass of a unit volume of a material is weighing, which is not always possible and convenient. Specialists can use any of the available methods to determine the density in the field.

Today, sand often becomes part of the construction process, so its acquisition should be treated consciously. The specific gravity of sand or its mass is a value that is in a volume unit. In many cases, for sand, measurements of volumes per cubic meter are used.

According to statistics, the volumetric weight of quartz or any other is measured in gr. per cubic centimeter, kg. per cubic meter or tons per cubic meter.

Bulk weight of quartz dry sand according to GOST

Volumetric weight of sand in 1 m3 is somewhere among the indicators of 1500 to 2800 kilograms.

At the stage of use for work purposes, specialists should be interested in:

• specific gravity and volumetric weight of building sand kg m3;
• particle strength;
• characteristics of its surface;
• granularity or particle shape;
• possible resistance of the material, the mineral composition is also taken into account;
• the expansion coefficient of the volumetric, as well as linear type;
• strength;
• how worn the particles are;
• coefficient ;
• coefficient .

When designing the composition of the building mixture, it is worth knowing:

• specific gravity of sand and volumetric bulk parameters of sand;
• the presence of voids and the ability to accumulate moisture.

The specific gravity of sand kg m3 or specific mass indicators is an indicator that can be placed on a volumetric scale.

It is determined by the ratio of the material mass in dry form and the volumes that are involved in it.

In almost all calculations for sand, only volumes of 1 cubic meter are used.

What is the specific gravity of fine sand?

Based on this indicator factors:

• graininess;
• grain size;
• component of minerals;
• dimensions of all solid elements that are included in the composition. They are most commonly referred to as impurities;
• density percentage;
• how wet the material is.

For sand with different indicators, it is allowed to use such bulk density (tonnes per m3):

• for dry extracted from the river - 1.4−1.65;
• for wet - 1.7−1.8;
• for compacted river - 1.6;
• for material of fine-grained type extracted from - 1.7−1.8;
• for dry, mineral-based, one of the crystalline varieties of silica - 1.5;
• for ground, made on the basis of a mineral, one of the crystalline varieties of silica - 1.4;
• for a compacted, mineral-based, one of the crystalline varieties of silica-1.6−1.7;
• for material mined by mining grade 500−1000 - 0.05−1;
• for material made from blast-furnace, waste and granulated solid residue after smelting metal from ore - 0.06−2.2;
• for molding material of normal humidity according to GOST standards - 1.7;
• for material with dust impurities – 1.6–1.7;
• for the material that was mined high in the mountains - 1.5−1.6;
• for material, normal humidity according to GOST standards - 1.5−1.7.

According to the degree of saturation of sand with certain valuable minerals, several types of placers are distinguished.

According to the specific gravity, this material can be made on the basis of a heavy mineral (weight indicators greater than 2.9) and from a light mineral (weight indicators less than 2.9).

For more information about determining density, see the video:

Size index - large, medium and small

The size index indicates the grain material component. By sifting through professional instruments, it is possible to determine how much gravel, or rather its fractions, is contained in the material. Depending on the modulus of volume, it is divided into:

• large, with particle sizes over 0.0025m. It can be mined from quarries or a river;

• middle, with a particle size of 2 to 2.5 mm;

• small, with particle size from 1 to 0.0025m.

Particle size affects the consumption of building materials and its ability to store moisture.

By massiveness, it is divided into several groups:

• class 1, it can include materials with particle sizes from 1.5 mm;
• Class 2, does not depend on dimensions and sizes.

The degree of density and ability to accumulate moisture

The specific mass is based on the method of its laying. There are several stages of crimping:

• classical occurrence;
• compacted by workers and specially compacted;
• bulk.

The specific gravity of 1 m3 of sand will be significantly higher if the material was wet.

The percentage of moisture affects the volume indicators, but they are not so significant. Material that was stored at sub-zero temperatures and with an increased moisture content will be 15% more in weight.

Varieties of natural sand

Natural and artificial sand is increasingly found on store shelves today.

The one that is mined from the river bottom. He stands out for its purity. It may have a yellowish or grayish tint.

Particle dimensions reach 0.3 to 0.5 mm. It is used at the stage of mixing mixtures for construction, as well as during the installation of drainage. It is considered the most used and popular type.

Career (dusty)

Dusty is mined in the classical way. Its color is brownish or yellowish. The composition of the material includes dust-like impurities and small pebbles.

In terms of particle size, they can be from 0.6 to 3.2 mm. This material is used for deep trenches and as a paving base.

In a purified and classic form, sand is used for a thick lime mortar and a complex of construction works related to the exterior and interior decoration of buildings, cement is created on its basis.

Extracted from the seabed and characterized by improved quality.

Often it is used in many areas, but it is used exclusively for the construction of expensive facilities. The reason for this is the high cost of the material.

Artificial is made from mountain material.

Its rock must be hard or dense, it is obtained by dividing and grinding it.

As a result, it is possible to obtain a homogeneous material, which does not contain chemical elements that have passed into the composition of the alloy during their production, but the particles have an acute-angled shape.

It is used to create cement-sand with increased density. The most common types are:

• based on quartz. It is mined as a result of crushing and sifting a snow-white mineral. Sand is used for a complex of construction works related to exterior and interior decoration;

• based on expanded clay. It is mined by crushing expanded clay clastic rock in the form of small pebbles and inorganic materials. Burning of medium-sized residual clay impurities is also possible. It is used at the stage of kneading, for filling the pit to level the surface;

• slag based. The crushing of this material into small particles is carried out by their instantaneous cooling with H2O. This material is characterized by a grain size of various sizes: from 0.6 to 10 mm. Used during mixing mortar for construction.

The specific gravity of building sand: how to calculate the parameters

m \u003d O * n;

• m - thawed mass in kg.
• O - volumes, in cubic meters.
• n is the density of the material in the uncompacted state, in kilograms per cubic meter.

For a cubic meter, weights are equivalent to material density. The parameters of the density of the material in an uncompacted state must be told by the manager from the sale of the goods.

On average, the moisture accumulation rate reaches 6-7%.

If the material is more humid, the indicator increases by 15-20 percent. It is important to add this difference to the resulting weight.

Sand extracted from a quarry is a very popular material today. As it is already clear, its extraction takes place by an open method in quarries. For this, special equipment is used, but despite this, the cost of quarry sand is low.

In addition, the popularity of this material is affected by widespread use. The presented product is used in the manufacture of concrete solutions, which are used in the arrangement of the foundation or plastering surfaces.

Characteristics

Quarry sand is a material that is of natural origin. This is due to the fact that it is mined directly from the quarry. In most cases, the deposit of material is not located at a great depth under the soil layer.

Where and how to use quarry building sand, you can learn from this

Taking into account the size of the space between the granules, the specific gravity can differ many times for different fractions of the same type of material. For example, the considered parameter for quarry sand with fine granules will reach 1700-1800 kg/m3. For sand with medium and large grains, the specific gravity will be 1500-1600 kg / m3.

What is the cost of river sand, indicated in this

The next parameter is the density of the material in question. This value is equal to the specific gravity. In the field of construction for bulk products, the concept of bulk density has been established. In this case, we are talking about the density of the product in unpacked form.

The presented parameter can change its values ​​under the influence of various factors. For example, the level of humidity and mechanical influence to a large extent influence the parameter in question. The reason is that each particle is enveloped in a water film, as a result of which the distance between the grains increases. When applying pressure, it turns out to increase the density, reducing the space between the grains.

The density of the product is directly dependent on the quality of the composition. If clay components are present in its composition in large quantities, then the density of sand will be greater. In addition, the characteristic under consideration is influenced by the size of the grains, as well as its belonging to the fractions. The larger the fraction, the lower the density indicators.

If we consider the radioactivity of sand, then it depends on the deposit of the material. Since it is extracted from mining, such a product is characterized by an increased radioactive background. When building residential buildings and agricultural structures, it is necessary to use sand with the first class of environmental friendliness. In the construction of road surfaces, it is necessary to use sand of 2 and 3 classes.

In the photo - quarry sand:

The humidity level depends on the mass of the material. The higher this parameter, the greater the weight. For sand extracted from a quarry, the moisture level should not exceed 5-7%.
The amount of clay components and organic substances in the presented product should not be more than 3%, sulfites and sulfur - up to 1%.

About what is the specific gravity of crushed stone 20 40, indicated

Varieties

In the field of construction, quarry sand is divided according to the size of the grains of sand and the method of processing. Given the grain size, the material under consideration takes the following forms:

• small
• average
• large grains of sand

For material with fine grains, their size cannot be more than 2 mm. Medium-grained sand is characterized by dimensions of 2-2.8 mm. Granules of a large product can reach 5 mm. In addition, the material is classified according to the processing method into seeded and alluvial.

To obtain seeded quarry sand, the sifting method is used using a system of special sieves. As a result, stones and other large inclusions are removed from it. Alluvial is obtained by the alluvial method. In this case, hydromechanical equipment is used. As a result of this treatment, clay and soil impurities are removed from the composition of quarry sand, which improve the chemical composition.

According to the grain composition, they are divided into the following types:

• quartz;
• mica-quartz;
• feldspar;
• limestone;
• dolomitic.

What crushed limestone fraction 40 70 looks like is indicated

In the field of construction, quarry is in great demand, which arose during the destruction of mountain quartz.

Price

The main advantage of quarry sand is its low price. If you purchase the material in question in a volume of 1 m3, then its price will be 500 rubles. The presented product can be sold in its pure form or already processed. Of course, when buying the second option, you will need to spend a little more, because such a product is characterized by high quality indicators.

Quarry sand is considered the most demanded material in the field of construction. The reason for this demand is that it is not expensive and can be used everywhere. But it can not be used in its pure form in all cases, since it contains impurities that negatively affect the quality characteristics.

The average density of sand is an important indicator that directly affects the performance properties of the substance and the future parameters of the concrete building mixture, the strength and stability of buildings, as well as the possible consumption of raw materials. It shows how much sand is contained in one unit of volume, which is taken as a cubic meter (1 m3).

The amount of a substance that fits in 1 m3 strongly depends on the type of sand - for example, fine building sand is more dense than medium-sized sand, since in the first case the gaps between the individual particles of the building material are much smaller, and a large mass fits into one cubic meter.

This parameter is closely related to such material indicators as voidness and moisture, the degree of compaction and porosity. The features and correctness of the measurement of parameters can also introduce a certain error into the final result. Between these factors there is the following relationship: the greater the void between the particles and the moisture content of the substance, the smaller the bulk characteristic and the less pure sand fits in a cubic meter. This rule is identical for humidity, but with the opposite sign - due to the adhesion of fractions, the wet building material is compacted.

Also, the density depends on the structure of the grains, with a decrease in the size of which this characteristic grows, and also on the content of clay and other impurities. For the above reasons, the density of river sand is usually higher (average coefficient 1.5) than that of purified sand (for construction, the ratio is 1.4).

What varieties are found?

Density in kg / m3 is an ambiguous characteristic that has two main varieties that differ in definition, some features and methods of measurement:

• True. It is the ratio of body weight (in this case dry sand) to its volume and is measured in kg/m3. This does not take into account free voids between individual particles, that is, we are talking about the density of the material in a compressed state. True density (like any other substance) is a constant value.
• Bulk density. An indicator that takes into account not only the volume of the substance itself, as in the previous case, but also all the existing gaps between the particles. Bulk is always less than the true and average density, measured in kg / m3.

There is also an average value, which has already been mentioned above.

Parameters of various types of material

As mentioned earlier, the density varies greatly depending on the properties of the raw material. The following table is intended to help track this fact:

Thus, one cubic meter of dry sand will have a mass of 1200 to 1700 kilograms, and a cube of wet sand will have a mass of 1920.

The table does not reflect all types - a more extended list with the coefficients necessary to calculate the density of raw materials can be found in reference sources.

In order to measure the density, the following methods are used on site:

• Apply conversion factors that differ for each type of material. This method is not entirely accurate, since the measurement error can reach 5%. With large quantities of raw materials, the losses amount to more than one cubic meter!
• Weighing bulk raw materials (for example, river) together with a vessel completely filled with it, after which the calculation is made by dividing the mass of sand by the volume of the vessel.

The determination of bulk density plays an important role in construction, since the number of cubes of raw materials required for the work largely depends on its value. This is especially important in cases where every cubic meter counts.

Sand is used in almost all areas of production, but especially a lot of it is required for construction work. Without sand, it is impossible to prepare concrete, build a foundation or pour a blind area. The preparation of concrete and other building mixtures is based on the use of various materials in a certain proportion. Therefore, it is very important to be able to correctly determine the specific gravity of building sand.

The specific gravity of sand and methods for its determination

Specific gravity or specific gravity is the weight of sand contained in a certain volume. Usually, this value is indicated by the weight of sand, measured in kilograms, contained in a volume equal to one cubic meter. However, in the technical literature there is another designation for the specific gravity of sand - tons / cubic meter and grams / cubic centimeter. The specific gravity of building sand in kg / m3 is calculated by the formula:

m=V*p, where the weight of the sand is m; its volume is V and its density is p.

Knowing the weight of the sand and the degree of its density, which is reported by the supplier, it is possible to determine the specific gravity. It is not necessary to do calculations, as you can use the reference data or perform the calculation on the online calculator.

Factors Influencing the Specific Gravity of Sand

The weight in 1 m3 depends on its density. And the density value is influenced by many factors, of which the following are considered the main ones:

1. the amount of impurities contained in the sand;
2. composition of minerals;
3. the size of individual grains of sand (fractions);
4. compaction percentage;
5. humidity level;
6. storage method.

In the regulatory literature (for example, in GOST 8736 of 1993), the average value of the specific gravity of construction sand is 1500 kg / m3. For the same type of sand with other moisture and density indicators, the following standard data are used:

• dry sand - 1440 kg/m3;
• sand dry and compacted (compacted) - 1680 kg/m3;
• wet sand - 1920 kg/m3;
• wet and compacted sand (compacted) - 2545 kg/m3.

Volumetric weight of construction sand in kg/m3

In some cases, when it is not possible to weigh the sand, its volumetric weight is determined - how many kilograms of sand are in a predetermined volume. The value of the volumetric weight is variable, since the following parameters influence its value:

• humidity;
• specific gravity;
• density.

Therefore, the volumetric weight of sand in 1 m3 is most often determined from tables in reference books or using an online calculator. An incorrectly determined weight of m3 of sand can lead to a deterioration in the quality of concrete and cement-sand mortar, to a decrease in their strength, and even to premature destruction of manufactured structures.

Buy sand in our company

According to its technical characteristics, all of them meet the requirements of GOST 8736 of 2014 and, when sold, are accompanied by a certificate of conformity, which must indicate the specific gravity of the sand. Call and or self-delivery of high-quality building sand.