Vine baskets for beginners. Prepare material for further work on the product

Bast weaving has been known since very ancient times, even when our ancestors made bast shoes. Over time, people began to weave various kinds and purpose of containers and household items (boxes, baskets, cradles, etc.). Now basket weaving allows you to create unique and unusual decorative elements, and household items simply diversified their arsenal and style.

Christmas wreath

Necessary materials:

• grapevine (you can use any grape plant, both wild and cultivated), you will need about 10 sticks vine 0.5 cm in diameter and about 2 meters in length (the number of vine sticks depends on the desired thickness of the future wreath);
• glue gun;
• natural materials for decor (cones, Christmas tree branches, acorns, berries);
• decorative materials (burlap, balls, bows, beads, money, boxes).

Weaving is best done from freshly cut vines. If the vine is dry, you can moisten it and it will regain the necessary moisture and elasticity.

The order of weaving a Christmas wreath:

We take one stick of grapevine and turn it into a ring, as shown in the picture.

With the second stick, you need to braid around the previously obtained ring.

At the beginning and at the end of the action, the edges of the working vine must be fixed between the rods of the first row of weaving.

In the process of weaving, the vine tends to break; in this case, at the point of breaking, you need to cut off the twig, and fill the end between the previously woven rows.

For the accuracy of the finished product, you need to ensure that all the rods in the weaving process lie in the same direction.

The finished ring from the vine can be left without decor, as a talisman, or you can decorate it.

Using a glue gun, you need to glue all the previously prepared decor elements to the vine ring.

You can fill the wreath with twigs and cones using your own imagination.

You can add various kinds of bows and even artificial snow to the wreath.

Weaving a decorative braid

This example will follow the contour of a plywood board with rounded corners.

Necessary materials:

• plywood board with rounded corners;
• nail;
• a hammer;
• pencil;
• drill and drill, depending on the thickness of the rods of the vine;
• wire cutters or secateurs;
• vine.

First you need to take plywood board and on the sides it is necessary to mark with a pencil the future holes for inserting the rods of the vine, about 3 centimeters should be left between the marks.

Use a nail and hammer to make small indentations on the marks. With a drill, drill holes about 2 centimeters.

The rods are best used wet, as they are more flexible, so insert the rods into the holes as needed during the weaving process.

Insert rods about 30 centimeters long into the holes.

Weaving a braid must begin from left to right from the place where three paired holes are drilled one after the other. From three places we will have four rods of the vine.

For convenience, we will call these structures of rods “strands”.

Take a separate stick and bend the middle strand through it, using the tips from the picture.

Take the first strand of rods and wind it behind the third, over the second.

We bend the third strand over the first strand wound behind it

We take the second strand of four rods and wind it up behind a strand of two rods over the third strand, which still consists of four.

We bend a pair of strands of rods.

We attach four rods from the first to the already bent pair strand. We have formed six rods in one plane. Further, the upper waves of the braid will consist of four rods, and the lower waves of six.

Start the third strand of four rods behind the next paired strand.

Bend a pair of strands of rods.

Attach four rods from the second strand to the already bent pair strand.

In the fourth strand, we have already formed six rods. We take only four of them and start the next pair of strands for four rods.

We bend a pair of rods by attaching four rods to it. So a wave of six rods is formed.

Repeat the step in which you need to take four rods out of six.

Continue weaving in a circle until the end and the beginning of weaving converge.

Take four of the six rods in the top wave and wind them behind the first strand.

The last time you need to start the next four rods out of six, for the strand from which the weaving of the pigtail began (the strand, which was first bent through an auxiliary stick).

Weave the lower wave with the rods that are left and add four rods in order to each woven section, two more. And cut off the two unused rods at the end of the entire weaving.

Also, at the end, you need to cut off all the protruding rods only carefully so as not to spoil the leading ones.

basket weaving

For weaving, you will need a willow vine, however, not all vines are equally good for this business, some types may break when working with it. To check if the vine is suitable for the job, bend it 90 degrees, if it does not break, then it will do. The vine must be dried before you start working with it.

However, before the process, the dry vine needs to be moistened to make it easier to work with. The duration of the soaking of the vine depends on its length, the longer the vine, the longer it needs to be soaked.

In addition to the vine itself, you will need:

• scissors;
• secateurs;
• long nail or sharp stick.

The initial stage is the creation of a base for the basket. Make eight sections from a fairly thick vine. For a basket of this size, as in the master class, lengths of about 30 centimeters are enough.

Take four pieces and in the center of each of them make a cut about 5 centimeters long.

Insert the uncut pieces into the cut ones in the middle to form a cross.

Now examine the lengths of the rods and select the thinnest of them, as well as the longest. Of these, it is best to start weaving. Take two pieces and insert the thin ends into the cuts, as shown in the picture.

To start making the basket, we will use the "Twist" weave. It's actually quite a simple technique, but it might not work for you the first time if you've never tried it before. It consists in the following: you need to hold two twigs, and then twist them one above the other so that they change places. Each twist is always done in the same direction. To better understand the technique, look at the pictures.

Wrap four pieces each time, make two rows. This will help secure the base of the basket. Try to pull the twigs as tight as possible and place them as close to each other as possible.

After you finish two rows using the same twisting technique, you need to wrap each piece with rods separately.

Separate the segments from each other by tilting them. Make the distance between the segments as uniform as possible. After you complete this row, your twigs should be distributed like the spokes of a bicycle wheel. Make a few more rows.

Soon your weaving sections will become too short, and you will need to lengthen them in order to continue working. It is best not to add two vines at the same time, as this can make the weave weak. See the picture for how to do this.

The end of the new segment must be inserted between the last two rows, and then bent. After that, cut off the old vine and continue to weave the basket. When adding new twigs, connect the thick end to the thick one, and the thin end to the thin end.

Once you've made the base for the basket, insert another vine in addition to the 16 you have in the base (simply sharpen the end of the vine and insert it into the last two rows). You will have to apply some effort, if necessary, you can expand the distance between the braided rows so that the segment is easier to insert.

Cut off those twigs with which you wove earlier, and continue to weave with only one inserted (above the twig, under the twig, and so on). You can add new twigs by simply tying the new one to the old one. Continue weaving until the base reaches the diameter you need. In this case, the base is 20 centimeters.

Now take sections of the vine of medium thickness. You need to create the sides of the basket. Sharpen the thick end of each of them. Insert these segments next to each of the "knitting needles". Cut off the ends of the old knitting needles at warp level.

One of the new twigs, bend it to the left under the two adjacent ones, and then bend it up, as shown in the picture. Repeat in the same way with the rest of the twigs. After that, take all the twigs in a bundle and tie.

Now insert three twigs to the left of the three twigs at the base of the sides. Take the leftmost one, bend it to the right behind the two adjacent ones and in front of the third, then turning it outward. Continue in the same way and make two rows, then untie the twigs.

Count the number of twigs, take the same amount. Insert a twig to the right of each knitting needle at the base, tilting it to the left and leading it behind the adjacent knitting needle and in front of the third, and then bring the twig out again.

When you paste required amount, you can start weaving. Weave until the segments are short.

It remains to make a bezel. To create it, take one of the twigs and bend it to the right.

Get it behind two adjacent twigs, in front of the third and fourth, then behind the fifth and bring it out.

Repeat in the same way with each of the twigs. At the end, cut off the excess length of the segments.

Increasingly, people are trying not to purchase household items in stores, but to make them on their own. For example, they are interested in how to weave a basket with their own hands so that it can fulfill its immediate functions and look great in the interior of the room where it will stand.

It is quite possible to make a basket in which you can put:

• linen;
• Products;
• All kinds of items;
• Trash.

Moreover, the manufacturing process, for sure, everyone will like, because it involves the participation of imagination, and wonderfully develops the imagination.

Basic materials

To get started, choose suitable material for the basket. willow twigs considered the best option.

Before weaving, it is advisable to soak the willow branches using a saline solution. This will make them more flexible. You should immediately prepare for the fact that the soaking process will be long.

Another material that can be used is straw from barley or wheat. A straw bundle is also suitable. In general, straws are considered sufficient comfortable material for work because of its great flexibility. Baskets from it:

• are obtained almost airy;
• look beautiful;
• have golden color pleasing to the eye.

Sometimes baskets are made from birch bark. The workflow is also not considered too complicated. It is only necessary to prepare raw materials and dry them properly. Items woven from birch bark delight not only with beautiful appearance(because they have unique patterns), but also a long service life.

paper basket

Finally, ordinary paper can serve as the simplest starting material. For example, old newspapers. The basis of the basket in this case will be tubes made from newspapers. The paper sheet should be cut vertically in two, and using a knitting needle, twist the tubes already mentioned above.

One tip must be held while twisting the paper diagonally. The other corner is covered with glue. Is being done a large number of similar preparations. The length of the tubes is provided by their connection to each other. For beginners, at first, the tubes come out unsightly, but it’s worth “filling your hand” and everything will start to turn out at the highest level.

When the required number of blanks is made, they can be painted water stain or water-based paint. It is recommended to paint each of the tubes separately. Although if it is inconvenient or impossible, you can paint the product completely.

In fact, even a child can cope with the manufacture of such crafts. Moreover, children are so interesting and useful work surely you will like it. It is useful, first of all, in that it develops the imagination and improves the motor skills of the fingers.

Fundamental rules

First of all, before weaving a basket, you need to determine what sizes are needed and what shape it will have. Experienced craftsmen Needlework is advised to choose the shape of a rectangle and the average size.

The bottom is made first. The basis can be, for example, shoe box. You just need to cut out its bottom, which will serve as the bottom of the future container.

The ends of the tubes are glued to the cut out cardboard, after which weaving begins. Each of the rods goes up, and only one side remains. The tubes are fastened with a clothesline or clothespins.

The tubing that is left should be used to braid the vertical tubes. The connection and build-up occurs with the help of glue. Of course, it will not be possible to achieve the desired result in ten minutes, but you will not have to spend too much time either.

Coating the finished product with varnish is an option for additional decorative effect and providing long term cart services. Lacquer, however, will only need acrylic.

Universal material

By the way, a basket made of paper, twigs or straws can not only be used for its intended purpose in own house, but also to give to someone from friends and even relatives. Surely, they will be happy with such a gift, because today shopping baskets are not cheap, and such an item will save on purchases.

The same newspaper tubes are, in general, multifunctional and versatile material no matter how simple it may seem on the outside. For example, it is known that unusual bottles and other items can be made from papers that can become an interior decoration and perform certain functions in the household. Finally, even the simplest hearts and stars cut out of paper can become high-class decor.

That is why more and more people are interested in how to weave a basket with their own hands, using paper or any other materials. And they manage to achieve what they want without much effort.

This one is pretty ancient view creativity does not lose its attractiveness even today. From the vine, you can weave not only baskets, but also various trays, caskets, decorative elements for decorating the interior, and even. One has only to get carried away with this process, and you will not be able to stop. And you will be rewarded with beautiful handmade products.

Harvesting vines for basket weaving

Naturally, everything starts with . The vine is usually cut during the period of juice movement ( in early spring or autumn) and winter. The vine cut during this period is of good quality. In addition, you need to make sure that it is from fully matured wood.

Processing the vine involves boiling it in boiling water for 20 minutes. And you need to fill it not with cold, but already boiling water.

To make sure good quality vines, you can conduct a simple experiment: bend the cut branch in the thickest place by 180 degrees - if at the same time it does not burst, it can be safely used in weaving. Otherwise, discard this vine - it will constantly break.

Weaving an oval basket from a vine

Weaving baskets from a vine always begins with weaving its bottom. The oval basket is no exception. Therefore, for him we prepare 3 twigs of 25 cm each, 5 rods of 13 cm each and 1 short rod 6 cm long.

In principle, you can use different lengths of twigs to get a larger or smaller basket. You just need to stick to this ratio in size. The number of rods should always be odd, and in our case their number is 9. We split 3 long rods in the middle, push the middle rod through the splits and braid them crosswise with a thin twig.

After that, at a distance of 3-4 cm from each other, we stretch and braid all the other twigs, and attach a short rod to one of the sides of the cross. As a result, we have a cross with 17 ends.

Now we need to braid this cross. As a result, we will get an oval bottom, the size of which is still 25x15 cm. It needs to be leveled by cutting off the protruding ribs. And to complete the bottom, we add additional ribs.

We use thick rods with a diameter of about 5 mm as side ribs - they play the role of a frame for the future basket. These edges must be an odd number. For example, as in our case, there can be 33 of them. Make sure that the distance between the edges is exactly the same. The finished bottom is 40 cm long and 30 cm wide.

We braid the edge of the bottom with a pigtail, bend the ribs. We collect the tips of the side ribs in a bundle above the center of the bottom. Inside them, at a height of 15 cm, we insert a spacer ring, which should be slightly larger than the bottom. In our case, a ring 50 cm long and 32 cm wide is used. We fix the ring with wire from two opposite sides.

We continue weaving, which now goes up the side ribs. We bring the ends of the rods to the outside of the basket - later we will carefully cut them.

As soon as we reach the spacer ring, remove it and continue weaving to the desired height. After that, we braid the upper edge, starting from any edge.

Weaving a basket handle from a vine

When braiding the top edge, leave two long rods parallel to each other. They will serve us as an additional reinforcement of the handles.

We make a handle, insert it into the side holes where our left ribs come out. We braid the handle with thin long rods, inserting 5-6 rods from one edge. We wrap them around the entire length of the handle a couple of times. We do the same on the other side.

To make the handle tight, we drag it along the entire length with twine. It can be removed when the basket dries well and takes the desired shape. We braid the protruding ends of the rods on both sides.

How to weave a basket

By the time of harvest, you need to think about how to prepare a light and convenient container for apples, pears, plums, potatoes ... Baskets woven from willow vines are best suited for this. They are lightweight, durable and breathable.

Modern masters used, as in the old days, as a raw material for weaving baskets annual shoots almost all types of willows growing on the territory of our country. Shoots are chosen straight and long, with healthy wood, without knots and growths, with a small core.

The thickness at the root of each rod should not exceed 10-12 mm. Practically harvest willow vine possible throughout the year, but best material usually obtained in spring or late autumn. Most baskets, with the exception of potato baskets, use peeled rods for weaving. If the collection takes place in spring or early summer, then the bark is easily removed without any additional processing.

One of the ways to harvest willow twigs.

The old basket makers carefully treat each tree. So for work they grow up cultivated willow.
Here's how it's done. In the spring, immediately after the snow melts, willow cuttings are planted in a damp, low-lying place. To do this, annual shoots 25 cm long are cut from the local willow.

They are stuck into the ground for 2/3 of the length at an angle of approximately 46 °. The distance between cuttings in a row is 60-70 cm. The same distance is between rows. The earth does not need to be heavily fertilized, otherwise the rods will be too thick.

It is enough to add a little manure and superphosphate. On such soil, the rods are long, even and reach a height of 2-2.6 m in the third year. This plantation lives 10-15 years.
The rods for the basket are cut either in May, before the willow blooms, or in August, when new shoots grow long enough.

Up to 20 shoots are formed on one bush during the summer. For further growth of the bush, it is enough to leave 6-8 shoots on it.

The bark is immediately removed from the cut rods. If you did not have time to do this and the rods are dry, they will have to be moistened with water.
The cleaned rods must be kept for at least 5 days in the shade in the open air so that they dry out.

Rods harvested in autumn must first be soaked for 3-4 hours, then steamed for 20-30 minutes. After steaming, they are cooled in cold water and remove the bark. They do it with a pinch - convenient makeshift device: a half-meter stake is driven into the ground and a through hole is drilled in it at a third of its height. Then the stake is split from the top to the hole. It turns out a springy clamp, into which the butt of the rod is inserted and, holding the pinch with the left hand, the rod is pulled towards itself with the right hand. According to the same principle, metal pincers work.

The simplest pinch is made of two metal rods. Saw off the caps of two large nails and drive the resulting rods into a thick ridge or deck, wrap thick wire at the base and spread the ends like a slingshot.

For weaving, so-called ribbons are often used - willow twigs, split into two, three and four parts. Of course, with some skill, the rod can be split with an ordinary knife, but in this case the work is slow. Faster action with special columns. They are cut from solid wood: birch, pear, apple, lilac - or from metal, bone, plastic. And although wooden columns are less reliable, if necessary, they can always be cut from improvised material. To split the rod, for example, into four parts, two mutually perpendicular cuts are made at its end. Wedge-shaped protrusions of the column are inserted into the incisions.

When advancing the columner along the core of the rod, it splits under the action of the wedge into equal parts. And you can make them different sizes- bigger and smaller, depending on what you are going to store in them. Such baskets are always useful for picking mushrooms and berries.

The core of each of the segments is cut off and ribbons for thin weaving are obtained. If the prepared material is not going to be immediately put into action, then it is dried and stored in bundles in a dry room, and soaked before weaving. As soon as the rods and ribbons regain their elasticity, they are wrapped in a damp cloth, and removed during the weaving process as needed. In this case, it must be borne in mind that the soaked rods in a wet state can be no more than a day, then mold appears on them and the wood turns black.

TOOLS AND DEVICES: 1 - pinches for removing bark and a bed with a pinch attached to it; 2 - columns and the sequence of splitting the rod; 3 - awl and mallet.

Round bottom basket weaving

Baskets with a round bottom are mainly intended for collecting fruits and vegetables, in addition, flowers are placed in them, mushrooms and berries are walked with them. Weaving such baskets starts from the bottom. Pick up eight rods of medium thickness. In the middle of the four rods, cut slots with a knife and. insert four other rods from them. Start braiding the resulting cross with two thin rods (one cannot be used - with an even number of rays, weaving will not work). After making one or two turns, separate the rods so that each beam now consists of only one rod. You will get 16 rays.

It is not very convenient to braid them with two rods. Therefore, substitute another rod - you will get 17 rays, and you can continue weaving with one rod. Having finished weaving the bottom, lay two new rods in place of 16 rays, and one at the 17th.

You will get an odd number again - 33 rays. To get the correct shape of the basket, install a template on the bottom. Make it out of wood or use old pots, buckets, cisterns of suitable size. Press the rack rods to the template and tie their tops into a bundle. The first rows of braiding racks are reinforcing. The rods in them are intertwined with a double or triple rope. How the triple rope is performed is clear from the figure. A double rope is performed in the same sequence, only not three, but two rods are involved in weaving. Picture 1.

Next, braid the basket racks with simple weaving. At the same time, remember that you need to weave each new rod only in a certain order, removing the ends inside the basket, as shown in the figure. In order for the weaving to be strong, it is necessary to press the rows of rods as tightly as possible to each other. This can be done with a special mallet. It should be narrow, pass freely between two adjacent weaving racks, but at the same time massive and quite heavy.

A solid mallet can be cut from oak, birch, maple or from a dried lilac trunk. Having finished weaving the sides, proceed to seal them. There are several ways to seal the boards.

The simplest is that one rack is started for the next two. They do the same with the second, third, and so on until the entire board is completely sealed. Finish off by attaching a handle.

To do this, a rod slightly thicker than a pencil is sharpened at both ends and inserted into the sides of the basket. Bunches of thin rods are inserted nearby. Each of the bundles is wrapped around the bow, and at the opposite side the ends are tied with a knot in the sequence shown in Figure 2.

SEQUENCE OF WEAVING A BASKET WITH A ROUND BOTTOM 1 - making a cross; 2 - laying the first rod; 3 - laying the second rod; 4 - plexus of cross bars; 5 - breeding rods of the cross and continuation of the plexus; 6 - installation of a cylindrical or conical template and the laying of side racks; 7 - bending the racks according to the template and tying * their ends into a bundle; 8 - laying of rods for weaving a reinforcing rope; 9 - the sequence of weaving a triple rope; 10 - simple weaving on the sides of the basket; 11 - sealing the sides of the basket; 12 - handle weaving sequence

Spherical Basket

Such baskets are good for harvesting in the garden, in the field, at the school site. With large baskets woven from willow twigs, they go for mushrooms, with small ones woven from flexible roots of pine, spruce, larch - for berries.

Making a spherical basket: 1 - a frame of two hoops; 2 - the beginning of the frame plexus; 3 - fixing the braid; 4 - laying of the side rails of the frame; 5 - continuation of drunkenness in a spiral; 6 - finished basket.

The basis of the basket is a frame of two round hoops. The hoops are bent from steamed thick rods on some cylindrical object. After drying, they retain their acquired shape. One of the hoops in the frame is placed horizontally, and the other vertically. On both make wedge-shaped sections. The horizontal hoop is connected to the mustache and tied with a thin willow ribbon. At two opposite points, it is split with the tip of a knife, and a vertical hoop is inserted into the gaps formed at a right angle. It is also connected to the mustache and tied at the junction.

The frame is braided with ribbons-rods, split in half. Start at the intersection of the hoops. Having laid four or five turns, the end of the tape is fixed, and six rods-ribs are laid between the hoops and braided with simple weaving in a spiral. As soon as the tape reaches the hoop, make one and a half turns around it and continue weaving in reverse side. On the opposite side of the hoop, do the same. As you move away from the place of attachment of the handle, the distance between the ribs increases. When it becomes very large, new ribs are laid. It is necessary to braid the ribs of the basket evenly, then from one end of the handle, then from the other.

decorative dishes

Such dishes can not only decorate the walls of the kitchen or dining room, they can be served with bread or fruit. The shape is chosen at will - round, oval, rectangular. A bottom of the desired shape is cut out of the board, and an odd number of holes are drilled around the perimeter. Beam racks are inserted into the holes and braided like a regular basket. The sides are also sealed in a known manner. A decorative carving is made on the bottom of the dish with a cutter and a chisel.

firewood basket

It is almost impossible to bring a bunch of firewood into the house without getting your clothes dirty. It happens that a knot or sharp wood chips sticking out in a log tear clothes. These troubles can be avoided if we weave a special firewood basket, in which it is not only convenient to carry firewood, but also to keep it by the stove during the fire.

1- Wicker dishes with solid wood bottoms; 2- making a firewood basket.

The length of the basket should correspond to the length of the firewood harvested in the woodpile. Take two strips of the same length and drill into them at an equal distance from each other through holes. The four extreme holes should have diameters about one and a half times larger than all the others. Insert two rods into the small holes of the rails, with the tops in opposite directions. Braid the bottom with a simple weave. Then braid the two side walls and bend them at obtuse angles to the bottom. Insert a rod bent in an arc into the sides of the walls, wrap it around it with thin rods and tie knots on the sides on both sides, expanding the gaps between the rows of weaving with a wooden awl.

Weaving from birch bark. blank. Methodology. Examples.

The birch forest gave folk craftsmen a wonderful material - birch bark - light, durable, affordable. Birch bark consists of many thin but dense layers. Every year a new layer grows on it and it becomes thicker. The outer layers are usually dyed White color, and the inner one can be yellow, ocher, brown, yellow-green ... This side is called the front side by the masters. Therefore, all products are woven in such a way that the front side is visible, and the white layer is inside the lash.

Weaving is one of the most ancient ways of processing birch bark. From its narrow strips, just like from bast, in the Russian North they made shoes, pesteri - shoulder pouches for picking mushrooms, baskets for berries, toys, dishes, utensils. Many things that the peasants wove in the past have not lost their practical value and now. They remove birch bark from dead birch trees: fallen or dead.

Among the fallen, you need to choose those in which the wood is still strong, and the cambium layer, located between the trunk and the birch bark, has already collapsed, which means that the bark will easily separate from the trunk. Make an incision on a fallen or dead tree. Under the birch bark you will find a dark brown loose layer of cambium.

Pry the birch bark with a knife, and it will easily separate from the trunk. Birch bark taken from dead birch trees has its own special decorative qualities. The inner layer its color is red-brown with various shades. If the birch bark is steamed in hot water and rubbed with a stiff brush, it acquires a pinkish or greenish-yellow color.

To remove a long tape from the trunk, draw a line around it in a spiral with an awl. The distance between the turns must be equal to the width of the strip being harvested (fig. 1, pos. 1). Usually a tape with a width of 1 to 3 cm is used.

Small souvenir items are made from a narrower ribbon - from 0.5 to 0.7 cm wide. It is difficult to keep a constant distance between the turns, and hence the parallelism of the lines, by eye. Therefore, it is desirable to make a special scriber.

It is folded in half steel wire, the ends of which are sharpened to a cone, rounded and polished so that they easily slide along the birch bark, leaving shallow, but clearly visible dents on it. Cut the birch bark along the drawn lines with a cutter and wind the finished tape into a ball. It is even more convenient to cut a birch bark tape of a given width with a special cutter with a limiter.

The cutter blade cuts through the birch bark, and the stopper hook simultaneously separates the tape from the trunk. The main tool used in birch bark weaving is a flat awl with a hook-shaped bend (Fig. 1, pos. 2).

In various regions of Russia, it was called differently: a cat-chik, a kostyg, a pile, a kodochig, a kochedyk, or simply a bastard awl. But still, a flat awl is better known as a kochedyk. In addition to the kochedyk, under the hands of the weaver was always sharp knife, with which he cut the ribbons and sharpened their ends. In addition to these two tools, we will also need a shoe awl with square section, straight with a rounded and polished tip, joint knife or shoe knife. Useful in work and scissors.

With a shoe awl, we will pierce holes for stitching birch bark, we use a straight line instead of a pencil. Sliding along the birch bark, the polished tip should leave a well-marked mark. The birch bark is cut into separate ribbons with a cutter. For temporary fixing of the lash during the weaving process, simple home-made clamps are used. They are made from a birch rod with a thickness of a pencil and a length of 7—. 10 cm each.

A hole is drilled in the middle of the workpiece, and then it is split from one end along the core to this hole. Instead of homemade clamps you can use clothespins, and when working on small things - paper clips.

The ribbon whip is a rhythmic alternation of squares. Their sides, formed by the interlacing of birch bark ribbons, can be parallel to the base or at an angle of 45 °. In the first case, weaving is called straight, and in the second - oblique. According to the execution technique, direct weaving is simpler than oblique. Therefore, it is necessary to master the techniques of tape weaving from it. Before starting work, practice on paper tapes.

Road salt shaker.

Any product is woven using a template (Fig. 2, pos. 1). To weave a salt shaker that is convenient to take on a hike, you need to choose a template. It can be a box, a bar with a square base.

Birch bark ribbons are taken equal in width to one third of the side of the base. Lay three ribbons face up on the table and interlace them with the other three. Trim the ends of the tapes into a wedge shape for ease of use. Then bend the ribbons along the edges of the base, press against the edges of the template and tie with thin twine.

Starting from the base (bottom), successively braid the vertical ribbons of the lash with three rows of horizontal ribbons. Remove the template. It won't be needed anymore. Weave the vertical ribbons together so that the top edge of the salt shaker is formed. Close all ends in a whip, leaving only two ribbons at the edge of the square hole. With them you will fasten the neck to the body.

Insert the ends of these two ribbons under the ribbons on the top of the cube. You will get two loops. Pass a specially prepared tape into them several times to form a multilayer ring. Pull on the ends of the ribbons and the loops will tighten the ring, pressing it firmly against the top of the salt shaker. Close the remaining ends in a whip.

For strength, put a birch bark ring with a special lock on the neck. How the lock is cut out can be seen from the figure (Fig. 2, pos. 2). Lower the ring connected by the lock for a few minutes in hot water. Steamed, it will easily be put on the neck of the salt shaker, and when dry, it will squeeze it tightly.

No matter how hard you try to fit the tapes tightly to each other, there will still be at least small gaps between them. This means that salt from such a salt shaker will spill out. To prevent this from happening, the whip must be compacted by weaving a second layer of ribbons into it. They are slipped under the first kochedyk. Remember, before you start weaving, you placed the ribbons right side up.

Now the front side is inside the salt shaker, and the wrong side is outside. This was done in order to inner surface the salt shaker was clean. The same surface should be on the outside. Therefore, the tapes of the sealing layer are woven with the right side out.

They complete the work on the salt shaker by making a wooden cork. The cork is cut out in such a way that it fits snugly into the neck, and its protruding part has a beautiful and convenient shape. Then the salt shaker is wiped with a cloth dampened vegetable oil to remove a bluish coating from the birch bark, and rub it with a dry cloth until a barely noticeable gloss appears.

Super cover for the book.

Straight weave can be used in the manufacture of a dust jacket for a book (fig. 3, pos. 2). A template for weaving is cut out of thick cardboard in the form of a rectangle in the format of a book. Thin birch bark ribbons are laid face up, intertwined, a template is placed on them and braided on both sides.

Then they are braided with the help of a kochedyk with a second layer so that the ribbons are woven with the right side out. Separately, from two narrow ribbons bent in half, weave a bookmark and attach it to top edge superfragments.

Birch bark ribbons can be used for weaving glass and metal utensils: bottles, cans, flasks (Fig. 3, pos. 1). Birchbark plexus not only decorates a nondescript glassware, but also reliably protects it upon impact

X. In addition, in a flask braided with birch bark, the water remains cool for a long time in the summer. In the old days, thin birch bark ribbons were wrapped around cracked pottery. Birch bark securely fastened individual shards. Thanks to her, clay pots served for many years.

Lukoshko.

A basket for storing food or picking berries can be square or rectangular. The number and width of the tapes used depend on its size. If you decide to make the bottom square, then take an even number of ribbons.

The figure shows the sequence of weaving a small basket with a square bottom of eight ribbons. To prevent the whip from falling apart, temporarily fasten it with four clamps in the places where the extreme ribbons are intertwined. In the middle, set the template so that its edges are at an angle of 45 ° to the woven tapes. Lifting part of the whip, remove the clamp and press the whip against one of the edges of the template. Press the other part of the whip to the adjacent edge.

By weaving the ribbons pressed to the edges in a checkerboard pattern, you will get one of the corners of the basket. Fasten the woven corner with a clamp and weave the rest of the corners in the same sequence. Then continue to weave the side of the basket. For rigidity, weave a birch or wicker hoop into it. Make the perimeter of the hoop equal to the perimeter of the bottom. Cut the ends of the rod into a mustache and tie with strong threads. Put the finished hoop on the body, and bend the ends of the ribbons through the hoop, sequentially slipping them under the ribbons of the first layer of weaving from the outside.

As soon as the ribbons run out, slip in new ones and continue working until you have braided the entire basket. The second spoy not only strengthens and tightens the whip, but also decorates the product. Folk craftsmen even developed special techniques for decorative weaving.

Figure 4 (pos. 7) shows the execution sequence decorative elements, the so-called "envelopes". Other methods of patterned plexus are also known: “in a checkerboard pattern”, “steps”, “belt”. It remains to tie a handle to a braided basket. On opposite sides of the board, cut two narrow holes, different in width, to the tape prepared for the handle. Pass the tape through the slots several times.

Wrap five or six layers of tape folded together with the remaining end, tightly pressing the coil to the coil. In order for the turns to hold firmly on the handle and not to move after the next turn, the end of the tape must be slipped under the top tape of the handle.

Case for bar.

Using the oblique weaving method, you can make cases for tools "or for a whetstone (Fig. 5, pos. 1). Such a bar is usually taken for mowing. The case is woven on a template cut from the board. Six birch bark ribbons are prepared for weaving. First, two ribbons are intertwined , bending them in half, and then sequentially weave the rest in. The whip is put on the template and braided, tightly fitting one tape to the other. Having closed the sides, the case is braided with a second sealing layer. back wall a strap is attached, for which the case is hung from a belt or on a wall.

Coasters.

For weaving a cup holder, you need to take narrow ribbons. The narrower they are, the denser they will lie on a cylindrical shape. For the template is taken wooden cylinder, hewn by hand or turned on lathe. Before starting work, the tape can be held a little in warm water. Steamed birch bark becomes more elastic and easily bends around the shape. However, the birch bark ribbons should not be pulled too tight, otherwise the cup holder will be difficult to remove from the template when the ribbons dry. The side of the cup holder can be made not straight, but “teeth” (Fig. 5, pos. 2).

Tueski.

Folk craftsmen often decorate tueski with wicker "shirts". Figure 6 (pos. 1) shows the device of a box designed for storing dry products.

Pester

This is the name of a shoulder bag for picking mushrooms like a knapsack. It fits well on the back and doesn't pull the arms like a basket.

The motley is also woven according to a pattern - a box that is suitable in shape and size, just like a basket.

The side of the front wall is made lower than the rear, and the side walls have a bevel at an angle of 45 ° (Fig. 6, pos. 2). Having closed the front and side walls, they continue to weave the back. Its protruding part serves as a pestle cover.

Having closed the edges of the cover, braid the pestle a second time and attach the straps. They are made in the same way as the basket handle.

For strength, place a canvas strip between the tapes.

Attach two fasteners in the form of flat boards with cutouts equal to the width of the birch bark ribbons on the low wall of the pestle.

Slip the planks at the corners under the lash ribbons. Make loops of twine or rawhide and tie them at the corners of the lid.

Basket weaving is growing in popularity. Now it has become fashionable to put furniture and other items in a house or apartment. handmade. It is especially nice when they are made with your own hands, and not purchased ready-made in stores. Don't start with complex products, it is better to choose something simple. For example, weave a basket.

Basket weaving material options

Can be used to weave a basket different materials, up to newspaper tubes and plastic bottles. But most often, willow twigs are used. They are pre-harvested and soaked in water or saline solution which gives them elasticity. Willow rods are used to create various products: lampshades, furniture and more.

Wheat or barley straw can also be used. It is quite flexible, so it is convenient to work with it. Products made from such material are airy, have a beautiful golden color.

Birch bark is also suitable for weaving baskets. For children's creativity suitable for this material. Thanks to the unique birch bark pattern, the products are unique.

But it is from the vine that the most durable baskets are obtained, which can be used for various purposes.

The secrets of the master and tools for weaving baskets

Before you start weaving from a vine, you need to prepare the following tools:

• knives - it is recommended to use a tool middle length and width with a moderate sharpness of the blade;
  

  Advice! The knife should be sharp enough to freely cut a thin and medium rod at an angle, but not damage the wood when peeling the bark.

• pliers - it is impossible to work with wire without this tool, although it is rarely used;
• Phillips screwdriver - self-tapping screws are used to attach the handle to the hoop;
• marking pencil - some elements in the weaving process require preliminary marking;
  

  On a note! It is not necessary to use special marking pencils that are designed for construction works, you can buy ordinary stationery.

• ropes - necessary for tying bunches of vines and fixing some elements;
• base board - the whole process of work takes place on it;
  

  Advice! It is desirable that the board was made of solid wood.

• tape measure - required for marking the hoop;
  

  On a note! It is allowed to use a construction tape measure or an ordinary soft centimeter. You can even use a simple rope for these purposes, which is wrapped around the hoop, and then measured with a ruler.

• sandpaper - designed for processing parts in order to roughen them;
• brushes and varnish - it is desirable to varnish the finished product;
• wire - used to temporarily secure certain elements;
  

  Advice! It is desirable to prepare a soft wire made of aluminum or copper having a diameter of about 2 mm.

• self-tapping screws - are intended for fastening of the handle.
  

  On a note! If a fabric handle is provided, there is no need for self-tapping screws.

The diagram below shows the main ways of weaving

Step by step weave a basket of vines

A master class for beginners on weaving an openwork basket from a vine is presented below. The following actions are performed step by step:

The wicker basket is ready.

Video with lessons on weaving an openwork basket

The Kovalenko brothers became famous in this craft. With their participation, many videos have been created. Below are some of them.

Video: how to weave the bottom of a basket.

Video: how to weave a basket handle.

The lessons of basket weaving are detailed in the book by N. V. Sidorenko, which is called “Basket Weaving”. The author suggests practical guide with step by step description. Here are the basics for a novice master: preparation, collection of material, weaving process, visual diagrams.

The book can be downloaded electronically.

Photo of baskets made of vines, made by hand

Wicker baskets look attractive and are valued for being handmade.

Ribbons can be used as decoration.

Such baskets, as in the photo, are suitable for laundry.

And these are suitable for storing or transporting onions or garlic.

A variety of options allows you to use baskets for different purposes.

Weaving is an interesting activity. It is possible to weave miscellaneous products, up to packaging, lampshade or furniture. It is worth noting that they are not the lowest cost. Weaving from a vine requires patience and time, which should be appreciated.