How to feed the grapes for growth and a good feeding crop in spring, summer and autumn into winter. General information about the need to fertilize grapes

In August, bunches of grapes begin to sing, so it is important to take care of the grapes in a timely manner in the summer and take care of pruning and removing rotten berries. Before the start of the harvest season, it is important to clean everything well, which is also important to do after all the berries have been harvested. If before the ripening of the grapes it is important to treat the grapes from diseases and you need to cut off all the rotten, unnecessary branches that interfere and hang, then after harvesting it is important to treat them with various means.

How to process grapes in July and August from diseases

Grape bushes are important to process well before the onset of cold weather, because this plant needs proper care. Therefore, at the very beginning, it is necessary to treat the branches with pesticides, especially insects, as well as using appropriate remedies for possible grape diseases. In this case, first check for damaged leaves and branches. Damaged vine branches powdery mildew and false dew must be removed. After all the pruning has been done, you need to treat the branches with Mikal or Strobe preparations. If the branches of the grapes are really sick with powdery mildew, then be sure to treat them with sulfur-containing preparations. For powdery mildew treatment, Topaz, colloidal sulfur and more can be used.

The use of protection against powdery mildew and downy mildew allows you to simultaneously protect the grapes from other problems. Preparations for the treatment of grapes are prepared and sprayed with shrubs, in the same way as in the case of a leaflet. Against such a lesion, chamomile, a drug called Rovikunt, or ordinary tobacco are used. In the case of the appearance of mites on plants, it will be necessary to remove the green upper part branches. This will allow you to get rid of such pests by 90%. Also, as a preventive measure, the bush is treated with insecticidal agents. However, if the branches are severely damaged different kind pests or diseases, they must be cut and burned.

How to process grapes as a preventive measure

As preventive measures grapes that have fallen from the leaves are treated with vitriol of iron or copper. If there is gray rot on the branches, then using such preparations for processing grapes as Horus or Euparen, you can get rid of it. They also prevent the development of such a disease in the future.

After the leaves have completely fallen off and the grapes are harvested, excess branches are cut off, as well as damaged and old ones. Mostly only 5 to 7 eyes remain. It is also important to cut the shoots in the middle, you can leave two, and also leave up to eight eyes. It is important to shape the shrub so that it has a shape, and the excess would not interfere. Branches that bear fruit also need to be cut off and replaced with new young shoots every 4-5 years.

After all the proper treatments, summer grape care includes top dressing. vine and, if necessary, preparation for sheltering grapes for a period winter frosts. There are true varieties that can withstand the cold, but in severe frosts, it is important to cover all the grapes. Behind winter period the vines must fully mature and woody, so for this it must also be properly fed. After the grapes are harvested, they are fertilized with a potassium supplement, which will allow the grapes to be sweeter and increase resistance to cold. Later in the autumn, the vineyard is fertilized with salt, sulfates, chloride and potassium sulphate. This must be done correctly and according to the instructions. It is important to do these operations correctly and in sequence. Also, before pruning and top dressing, some time should pass, on average half a month.

Tell:

Scientists have found that grapes are unpretentious in the choice of soil, any one is suitable for it, except for salt marshes and swamps. For its own growth, it does not particularly need fertile land, it feels great both on rocky and sandy soil. But if we want to grow a vine that gives high yield, you will have to feed it the entire growing season.

Menu for grapes

Grapes - woody perennial liana grape families. Grape shoots - vines - can reach a length of several meters. They are excellent climbers: grabbing branches, partitions, ledges with their tenacious antennae, they easily climb tree crowns, roofs of arbors, arches and other buildings. Fruits - juicy berries with a pleasant sweet and sour taste - are collected in an appetizing bunch.

The history of the emergence of grapes is rooted in the past for many millennia, and it does not matter who and when was the first to discover this wonderful creation of nature, it is important that it has come down to us, multiplied many times excellent varieties and pleases with the splendor of choice and taste.

Clusters of grapes, cherished by the sun and caring hands, delight with great taste

“There is no greater pleasure in the world than to feel the fragrance of a flowering vineyard…”

Pliny the Elder

Collection of quotes

Top dressing of grapes begins "from the cradle." landing pit filled with soil mixture, well-fertilized organic matter and minerals in such a way that young bush enough food for the next year or two. Entered:

• 1-2 buckets of humus or rotted manure;
• 200 g of superphosphate and 150 g of potassium sulfate (or 1 liter of ash).

Then you can start root and foliar top dressing. For proper nutrition of grape bushes, inorganic and organic fertilizers are used.

Mineral fertilizers

Inorganic, or mineral, fertilizers are:

Some of the mineral fertilizers are especially important for grapes.

Potassium

No matter how tasty we “feed” our grapes, if there is no potassium on the menu, the vine will demand it, because potassium:

Azofoska is complex fertilizer, which includes elements of primary importance in needed by the plant proportions necessary for grapes to obtain good harvest and life support of the bush:

Fertilizer is used in two ways:

• direct application of dry matter into the soil;
• by pouring the solution to the roots along drainage pipes or trenches.

Urea (carbamide) is one of the main nitrogenous mineral fertilizers necessary for grapes, it contributes to:

Bor

Boron deficiency has Negative influence on the formation of grape pollen, which impairs the fertilization of the ovaries. Even simple outside root dressing boron grapes before flowering can increase the yield by 20–25%. Boron and boron-containing substances:

• help the synthesis of nitrogenous compounds;
• increase the content of chlorophyll in the leaf;
• improve metabolic processes.

Important! An excess of boron is even more harmful than a deficiency, which means that when preparing a solution, it is necessary to carefully calculate the doses according to the instructions.

The lack of boron leads to a deterioration in the formation of grape ovaries

organic fertilizers

During the entire growing season, in addition to organic fertilizers you can and should feed the grapes with organic matter. Inorganic and organic fertilizers have their fans and opponents, therefore, dear reader, it is up to you and only you to decide what to give preference to. Or maybe find a middle ground - use organics as "snacks" between the main feedings? Moreover, we have a wide choice.

Manure

This is a product of the vital activity of livestock, containing a lot of useful substances:

• nitrogen,
• potassium,
• phosphorus,
• calcium.

It is considered the best horse dung, then comes cow, or mullein. Before using this organic fertilizer, you need to let it rot (it goes to fertilize the land around the bush) or prepare an infusion (for watering around the roots) in this way:

Grapes are fed with mullein infusion through drainage pipes or trenches once every two weeks, combined with watering.

Bird droppings are a waste product of birds, no less valuable organic fertilizer. It can be put into compost or used as an infusion. The procedure for preparing the infusion:

An infusion of bird droppings is poured through drainage pipes or into trenches between the main top dressings, combined with watering once every two weeks.

For fertilizing with infusions of manure and bird droppings, we choose one thing or alternate so as not to overfeed the plant.

wood ash

Wood ash is an ideal top dressing for grapes, it includes:

• approximately 10% magnesium and phosphorus;
• about 20% potassium;
• up to 40% calcium;
• sodium, magnesium, silicon.

In dry form, it significantly improves both the mechanical and chemical composition of the soil, alkalizing it. On heavy soils, ash is added for digging in autumn and spring, and on light sandy soils - only in spring. Application rate - 100–200 g per 1 sq. m.

It should be noted that ash is not used simultaneously with nitrogen fertilizers, since it contributes to the "volatilization" of nitrogen, so for grapes we will use foliar top dressing with ash infusion. It is done like this:

1. Wood ash is poured with water in a ratio of 1: 2.
2. Insist for several days, stirring regularly.
3. Then it is filtered and 2 liters of water are added for each liter of mother infusion.

Ash infusion is sprayed with plants between the main dressings.

For grapes, foliar top dressing with ash infusion is used.

Eggshell

Eggshells also belong to organic fertilizers. It is almost entirely (94%) composed of calcium carbonate. Fertilizer is prepared from it as follows:

Apply crushed eggshell to deoxidize the soil around the grapes as needed at the rate of 0.5 kg of powder per 1 sq. m.

A wonderful organic fertilizer is herbal infusion. To prepare it, you need a large container. Make the infusion in this way:

The rest of the grass is laid in compost heap, after rotting, herbal compost will be obtained from it, and the infusion is used for root and foliar dressings at the rate of 1 liter of infusion per 10 liters of water. Root dressing is combined with watering, foliar dressing is carried out between the main spraying on the leaf.

Yeast infusion

Yeast infusion will be a good addition to the grape menu. This fertilizer is completely safe for humans and plants. Yeast contains:

• saccharomyces fungus,
• b vitamins,
• proteins,
• carbohydrates,
• trace elements.

To prepare yeast infusion you need:

1. Pour breadcrumbs into a bucket - about a quarter of the volume.
2. Add 2-3 tablespoons of sugar and 50 g of raw baker's yeast.
3. Pour in water, leaving room for fermentation.
4. Infuse in a warm place until bread kvass is obtained.

The working solution is made at the rate of 1 liter of infusion per 10 water. Top dressing is combined with watering.

Video: do-it-yourself organic fertilizer for grapes

Fertilizing grapes by timing

During the growing season, 7 grape dressings are carried out, of which two are foliar. Doses and timing of fertilizer application are shown in the table below.

Spring root dressing

As soon as the buds begin to swell on the vine, spring root dressing is carried out with a complex of mineral fertilizers, which includes:

• ammonium nitrate or urea,
• superphosphate,
• potassium salt.

Fertilizer is necessary for grapes to replenish the supply of nutrients after a dormant period. All solutions of mineral fertilizers are made in accordance with the attached instructions. Feeding is carried out in this way:

Top dressing before flowering

The second time we feed the grapes in the third decade of May before flowering under the root, using the same composition as for the first top dressing, but with a lower dosage of fertilizers and leaf. This will improve pollination, will contribute to the enlargement of the bunch.

Top dressing to improve the ripening of berries

The third time we apply fertilizer under the root, consisting of superphosphate and potassium salt, before the ripening of the berries, which will increase their sugar content and accelerate ripening. We do not add nitrogen to this top dressing so that the vine has time to ripen well and become woody. For small berries, we carry out foliar spraying with a complex mineral fertilizer.

Superphosphate is used during the ripening of grapes

Fertilizer after harvest

After harvesting, the bushes must be fed with potassium sulfate and superphosphate to replenish the supply of nutrients and increase the winter hardiness of the plant. In addition, once every 3 years late autumn bring into the hole for digging (at the rate of 1-2 buckets per square meter) humus or compost based bird droppings, manure, plant residues. This improves the chemical and mechanical composition of the soil.

Once every 3 years in late autumn, 1-2 buckets of humus are brought into the hole for digging

Foliar top dressing

In addition to root top dressing, we carry out two foliar top dressings, one 2-3 days before flowering, the other - on small ovaries. Foliar top dressing is carried out in dry, calm weather at sunset so that the solution stays wet longer on the leaf. You can process the plants during the day if it is overcast.

Not all growers consider foliar top dressing very effective, but they are in no hurry to refuse them, using them as an additional feed in tank mixtures when treating a vineyard from various diseases.

What gives foliar top dressing? I believe that when spraying a plant nutrients are absorbed by the leaf in a few minutes, which means that the grapes will receive nutrition several times faster. This method is good in case of emergency assistance to a weakened bush.

Table: feeding scheme and approximate amount of fertilizer per 1 grape bush

Video: how and with what to fertilize grapes

Top dressing of grapes - important element in the development of the bush and the key to good fruiting. Observe the terms of processing, apply fertilizers correctly, and the vine will surely thank you with a generous harvest.

Pasynkovanie fruit-bearing grapes

When the grapes have almost faded, you can continue pinching. Do not delete large stepchildren: they are necessary to create good conditions wintering fruit buds. Only small shoots are removed. If the winter was harsh and the bushes had a hard time enduring it, it is better to refuse pinching, since a weakened plant most likely has few young shoots.

garter grape

Young shoots are tied to a support with a soft wire. The loop should not be tight so as not to damage the plant. It is best to tie the grapes themselves with tendrils - this will greatly facilitate the removal of the vine in the fall.

Pruning a young vineyard

On young bushes, they continue to form lashes, removing unnecessary shoots:

• if several shoots come out from one node, the strongest one is left, and the rest are removed;
• stepchildren grow in the axils of the leaves, which are completely removed or pinched, leaving 2-4 leaves;
• on fruit-bearing bushes, pruning of old, broken and damaged lashes should be completed.

Forming a load of fruit-bearing grapes

When forming a crop load on the bushes, it should be borne in mind that the clusters of the third and fourth order will be weak. Therefore, they must be removed. The ovary near the ground itself is also subject to removal. On one lash, 1-2 largest and well-formed clusters are left.

In early July, you may encounter such a phenomenon as shedding berries - this is a natural self-regulation of the load. It's not worth fighting him. The bush continues to grow actively, and with it the remaining ovary.

The full development and maturation of the brush depends on the number of leaves on the shoot, since it is in them that the fermentation of nutrients necessary to saturate the berries takes place. It is believed that for a full-fledged nutrition of a bunch weighing up to 2 kg, at least 50 leaves must be present on the lash. If there is no such amount of green mass, one non-fruitful shoot is left nearby, which will increase the feeding area of ​​\u200b\u200bthis brush.

In the case when a grape variety produces clusters weighing 1-1.5 kg, one fruitless shoot is left on 2 fruit-bearing shoots. For varieties with small clusters: for 3 fruiting lashes there is 1 non-fruiting. In the first harvest year, up to 10 clusters are left on one bush, up to 20 on the second, and then accordingly.

Protection against diseases and pests

Most often, the bushes are affected by the spider mite (lat. Tetranychus urticae). In the fight against it, the drug Fufanon is used according to the instructions. In hot summers, preparations containing sulfur have a good effect in pest control: colloidal sulfur, Thiovit.

With a disease such as grape oidium (lat. Uncinula necator), the leaves are covered with grayish pollen, become curly and lag behind in development. For treatment, plants are treated with soda ash (30 g per 4 liters of liquid) or a weak solution of potassium permanganate. The preparations Vector and Topaz are highly effective.

If you find an uncharacteristic coating on the underside of the leaf, this indicates a disease such as mildew (lat. Peronospora viticola de bary). When the first symptoms are detected, it is necessary to treat the bushes with Ridomil Gold.

If July turned out to be rainy, it is recommended to treat grape plantings with such preparations as Topaz, Thiovit Jet or Horus after each rainfall. Such a preventive measure will protect plants from mildew and oidium. But it is worth remembering that it is impossible to treat with pesticides after the appearance of a bluish wax coating on the berries.

Soil care and watering

The soil under the bush should be loose, moist and weeded, the growth rate and the full development of the vine depend on this. Well developed whips should be 70-90 mm in diameter. Watering should only be done warm water under the root, not falling on the leaves. A culture like grapes is better underfilled than overfilled. For the normal development of the plant, watering is carried out a couple of times a month, but in dry weather and with a sharp stop in growth, it will be necessary to increase the number of irrigations up to 1 time per week.

Immediately after flowering, the bushes must be well moistened: you will need 50-70 liters of liquid per 1 plant. Water is introduced gradually in small portions. This is done so that the moisture does not spread, but goes into the soil as deep as possible to nourish the roots.

Fertilizing grapes in July

This culture needs a rich nutrient medium. If the necessary substances are not enough, good fruiting is out of the question.

After flowering, it is necessary to carry out foliar spraying with Plantafol-ovary, which stimulates the growth of berries. In July, top dressing is combined with watering. To do this, use a solution of fermented grass: 2 liters per 10 liters of water. 5 g of complex mineral fertilizers and 2 g of potassium sulfate are added to it. The resulting mixture is used for 3 m² of planting. Such top dressing is equally useful for both young bushes and adults. In dry summers, it is recommended to repeat this procedure every week.

At the end of the month, when the berry reaches the size of a pea, it is recommended to feed with liquid organic matter: a bucket chicken manure pour 3 buckets of water, and insist a week. 1 liter of solution is diluted in 10 liters of liquid and 1 bush is fed.

Mulching grapes

You can improve the quality of the grape harvest by mulching the soil under the bushes. To do this, use the fallen needles. This procedure protects plants from fungal diseases, and the percentage of sugar in the berries increases significantly.

Burn protection in July

In particular hot weather young plants are likely to burn the delicate bark and dry out the still unformed root system. Planting grapes must be well shaded, and regularly moisten the soil.

Growing grapes is not the most simple task especially for northern regions. Even in middle lane berries do not always have time to ripen due to improper care or insufficient nutrition in the ground.

Famous vineyards are located in the southern regions, where the air in early spring quickly warms up to 15 - 18 degrees. This temperature is considered optimal for the start of intensive growth of shoots and fruit formation. For the grapes to ripen temperature should be 28 - 30 degrees.

If the air warms up more, the power processes are suspended. To get a good harvest, in June the temperature should be above 20 degrees - this required condition because the vineyards contain and for the production of wine. At the same time, the sugar level for dry wines must be at least 18%. For sweets - 22%.

Short-term frosts are considered the most dangerous phenomenon for grapes. In the spring, buds that have begun to grow at a temperature of minus 3 - 4 degrees die. A vineyard can lose up to 70% of its buds. AT autumn period early frosts can damage vegetative buds that will sprout and harvest next year. The plant does not have time to get used to the cold, so already at a temperature of minus 5 - 7 degrees they all freeze out.

Fertilizing grapes in spring and summer, as well as fertilizing the soil with nutrients in autumn, are of great importance. Depending on the type of soil, nutrition is applied most of the year - from spring to autumn. It helps to support the root system and vegetative organs of the plant. The root system, by the way, is very weak in grapes, located near the surface, therefore this species sensitive to lack of moisture in soil and air.

You can not feed the grapes during the fruiting period alone mineral fertilizers. This depletes the soil and leads to lower yields. Good result gives the alternation of mineral and organic substances, as well as the use of microfertilizers for feeding grapes. Trace elements protect the vegetative organs from fungal infection, enhancing immunity, especially under adverse weather conditions during flowering and berry pouring.

Organic and mineral fertilizers for grapes

Every spring the grapes grow a large number of green mass, which requires nitrogen nutrition. Fertilizing grapes with mineral and organic substances increases the plant's resistance to external conditions and allows the berries to ripen.

From minerals for fertilizing grapes use:

• ammonium nitrate;

• superphosphate;

• urea;

• potassium salt or potassium sulfate.

Ammonium nitrate and urea are mono-fertilizers, the active ingredient of which is nitrogen. It promotes the formation of young shoots and leaves, preparing the plant for fruiting. Nutrients are introduced into the groove dug around the root, in liquid or dry form. Dry granules after scattering should be watered abundantly - so the food will be absorbed faster, and it will be easier for soil bacteria to process substances.

Superphosphate is one of the most important fertilizers, what grapes are fed during the ripening of berries, in autumn or spring. Fertilizer supports the root system and affects metabolism. Introduced in liquid form: superphosphate granules are poured hot water and mix until completely dissolved, then pour under the root.

Video: Fertilizing grapes in the summer for an excellent harvest

Potassium is responsible for the quality and size of the berries. With its lack, the leaves dry, and the grapes do not gain sugar. Full maturation does not occur, especially in the northern regions, where they interfere weather.Potassium is introduced together with phosphorus, since these substances work more efficiently in pairs. Phosphorus-potassium fertilizers for grapes usually contain nitrogen, so they are applied in spring or summer. When feeding grapes in August, such mixtures are not used so as not to stimulate the growth of new shoots.

Proper feeding of grapes carried out in several stages:

• two main integrated nutrition;

• additional- throughout the growing season.

Of great importance is the foliar feeding of grapes, because in this way you can quickly compensate for the loss of nutrients. For example, nitrogen starvation is eliminated in 2-3 days by spraying with urea or mullein infusion, diluted 1/10. This saves the plant from the beginning spread of the fungus on the leaves and increases the defenses.

Of the organic fertilizers, how to feed the grapes during the pouring of berries or in August, the most effective substance is wood ash and cattle or horse manure.

Manure is used rotted or in the form of compost. In the spring, an aqueous solution of mullein is used to quickly deliver nutrition to the roots. The ash is also poured with hot water and insisted, then poured into the recesses near the roots. These fertilizers are completely enough for the entire fruiting season, as they decompose longer in the soil and release nutrients in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe root system of the grapes.

The main condition for obtaining nutrition for a plant is soil moisture, since soil microorganisms are involved in the process of decomposition of organic matter. With dry soil, their activity weakens, which affects appearance plants with a lack of substances.

Spring grape care

Spring grooming activities include:

• sanitary pruning of the vine;

• top dressing of grapes in the spring is carried out with a full complex mineral fertilizer or a mixture of organics and minerals;

• garter vines on a support;

• soil loosening and mulching.

In the spring, one main top dressing of grapes is carried out. You can choose at will or according to the presence of fertilizers:

• Complex mineral fertilizer containing nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. It can be: nitofoska, azofoska, azophos + potash fertilizer for grapes. It is not necessary to calculate dosages - they are in the instructions. If mono-fertilizers are used, then the amount of each substance can also be found in the description.

• Mullein infusion and superphosphate. Fresh or rotted manure is poured with water in a ratio of ¼ and infused for a week, stirring occasionally to reduce the concentration of ammonia. Superphosphate is sprinkled with granules or an extract is made by pouring the powder with water. Both substances are mixed and poured into the recesses under the root, then sprinkled with earth.

• Ash extraction - 300 g per bucket of water. nitrogen fertilizer they are applied foliarly so as not to mix the ash with nitrogen, which neutralizes it.

Fertilizers are applied after pruning, and the sanitary cleaning itself and the formation of the bush are carried out 2 to 3 weeks before bud break. Cropped cuttings that have stocked up on nutrients since autumn can be successfully rooted by immersing them in a solution with organic matter or rooting stimulants. By autumn they will be ready to land.

Fertilizing grapes in summer

In the first half of summer, grapes are fed with complex mineral fertilizers containing nitrogen. But nitrogen is no longer required as much as in spring, so it’s worth buying another composition, where it is less in relation to potassium-phosphorus elements.

How to feed grapes in summer during maturation:

• superphosphate- contains, in addition to phosphorus, calcium and 8% nitrogen, potassium sulfate can be added;

• ash- potassium and phosphorus, trace elements- sulfur, magnesium, boron, zinc, calcium;

• manure extract- foliar top dressing or under the root plus superphosphate in granules;

• green manure- watering under the root.

Top dressing of grapes in June stimulates the formation of dense brushes with large quantity berries. The lack of potassium at this stage reduces the potential size of the berries and their number.

Foliar top dressing of grapes in July blue vitriol in a diluted concentration will help preserve the crop. At the time of berry ripening, grapes consume a large amount of nutrients from the soil and weaken, as a result of which fungal diseases, which grapes resist weakly.

In summer, you can feed young grapes for growth. The seedlings must form a powerful root system; for this, fertilizers are applied 20–30 cm deeper. If this is not done, the roots develop superficially and will die during a frosty winter.

Fertilizing grapes in August is a stimulation late varieties that are ripe at this time. Potassium-phosphorus mixtures without nitrogen - the best choice, as they give energy to the plant to accumulate sugar in the berries.

It is this nuance that stops summer residents of the northern regions from cultivating vineyards on their plots - the lack of light, heat and potassium, as well as night temperature drops, at which root system becomes vulnerable and poorly supplies nutrition to plant tissues.

Autumn activities to prepare grapes for winter

Top dressing of grapes of late varieties falls on autumn months– September and October. Accordingly, the timing of pruning is shifted, which is carried out 2 to 3 weeks after the foliage is dropped. The main working substances for the full ripening of berries are potassium and phosphorus, as well as trace elements.

In autumn, the plant gives all the nutrients to the hands, the vegetative organs weaken and begin to hurt. Feeding grapes in August-September reduces the risk of damage to the crop by downy mildew or other fungal infections.

In order to quickly deliver nutrition to grape brushes, fertilizers are applied in liquid form - ash solutions, extract of superphosphate, potash top dressing.

Long-term fertilizers, such as phosphate rock and bone meal, are applied in the fall. For their decomposition, time and a slightly acidic environment in the soil are needed, since in their own way chemical composition contain alkaline elements - phosphorus and calcium. If the soil is neutral, such fertilizers will not bring benefits.

Features of autumn pruning of the vine

It is necessary to start pruning in the fall when the sap flow through the tissues stops so that the plant does not lose minerals.

Among winegrowers there is a concept of "weeping vine". This phenomenon occurs when it is too early to cut the shoots. The procedure is harmful to the plant, since a focus of infection can form at the site of the cuts.

Important! The pruning procedure is carried out after dropping foliage after 2 weeks

Bushes are formed in different ways - by the standard method, leaving two strong shoots on the so-called "sleeves" or cut closer to the ground - for covering varieties.

Construction of shelter for the vineyard for the winter

After making the obligatory portion of fertilizer for grapes in August or September (even later in the southern regions) in the form of a complex mixture or organic matter, you can begin preparing covering varieties for wintering.

Before shelter, you need to water the soil under the grapes abundantly to moisten the soil to the depth of the roots. This is about 200 l for each adult plant. This is necessary to warm the soil in winter - the water rises in the form of evaporation and thus warms the roots.

To do this, a small mound of earth is built near the root neck, on which boards, slate and special material are laid on top. You can use the material from which sugar bags are sewn - it breathes well and does not accumulate moisture.

The aerial part is also wrapped and the fabric is pressed to the ground with stones. When covering with a layer of soil, it is necessary to organize a layer of air between the shoots and the covering layer so that the plant does not stumble and lose growth buds. Before closing, some gardeners practice whitewashing the vines with lime to prevent mold from forming.

Not only lovers of these fruits dream of their own vineyard, but also connoisseurs of wine drinks. However, it is one thing to plant grapes in July and forget about it, and it is quite another to figure out in more detail how to care for grapes in the summer, what techniques to use, and whether it can be sprayed. Master the basics, and your vineyard will grow actively, and caring for home grapes in spring and summer will be a joy.

A beginner should definitely learn how to properly care for grapes during the summer months. Figure out what to do with the grapes in June, and soon you will be able to wait for the first fruits. Usually, summer care for grapes - both in the first year and in subsequent ones, includes several basic procedures. This includes pruning, fertilizing the substrate, and spraying from pests. But in order for all these components to be performed correctly, care for young grapes must be carried out step by step.

All green operations

Proper care of grapes in the summer will contribute to the active development of shrubs and the early ripening of fruits. To get an idea of ​​where to start specifically, consider the following June plant care requirements:

• it is necessary to control the intensity and direction of growth of foliage and the bush as a whole;
• a separate stage for the care of grapes - protection from pests and diseases;
• it is very important to create favorable conditions for shrub growth;
• it is also recommended to remove weeds in a timely manner and pinch stepchildren.

In order for grapes to be cared for in June according to the rules, they should be considered in more detail.

Tying up

Growing and competent care of grapes begins with the timely tying of shrubs. To do this, after planting the vines, the plants must be tied to the trellis. Thus, the direction of growth will be set correctly. When it is worth resorting to this procedure depends largely on the climatic features of the region. For example, in regions where, as a rule, there are no frosts in April, grapes can be tied at this time. But in most of the central and northern regions of the country, it is better to start tying up in June.

wreckage

In order for the grapes to bear fruit in August, it is necessary Special attention give to the fragment of old, weak or too dense shoots. Firstly, you will free the shrub from weak shoots, on which bunches of grapes are unlikely to properly form and ripen. Secondly, you will be able to "adjust" the load on the branches of the bush. Remember: you can break off the shoots if they have not yet reached a length of 15–20 cm, otherwise you will only harm the plant.

Topping

Grape care in August often includes grafting the plant. For this, the cuttings must be prepared in advance. They are used in woody form. The essence of pinching is that the old cuttings are introduced into the bush. Thus, you can significantly rejuvenate a grape bush that no longer bears fruit the way it used to. It is desirable that each branch has at least two eyes.

pasynkovanie

Breeding home vineyards is a responsible occupation, so you need to learn how to pay attention to various little things. For example, greenery is often formed on a shrub, which does not affect the intensity of fruiting in any way. Stepchildren, which you can find in the axils of the leaves, as well as mustaches, are recommended to be removed. Thus, all the energy of the bush will be directed to the ripening of grapes.

Chasing

Grape care in July and early August also includes a procedure called chasing. It is recommended to cut the tops of the shoots to the first full leaf (after about the 15th). This procedure is necessary, because after it is carried out, the growth rate of the branches decreases, while more energy is spent on the bush to ensure that the fruits ripen sooner.

Vine growers caring for young shrubs should also take into account the fact that from time to time extra inflorescences and leaves need to be removed from the plant.

Let's say there are no more than three weeks left before the harvest. This means that it's time to start breaking off some leaves. Break first sheet plates, overgrown in the lower part of the shrub. Then remove from it those leaves that shade the bunches of grapes.

Feeding and watering

The grapes grown on the site must also be fertilized on time and competently. The intensity of fruiting depends on this. Spraying grapes with liquid nutrient formulations is not the best way out. As a rule, at a distance of 50–80 cm from the rhizome of a shrub, a small hole or trench is dug out, where top dressing will be poured. It is better to divide this whole process into three key stages:

• in early spring, it is worth adding nitrogen mixtures and superphosphate to the soil. In order for top dressing to be effective, fertilizers are recommended to be diluted in water;
• before the beginning of the flowering phase, superphosphate, potassium and nitrogen mixtures are added to the substrate;
• when berries ripen on a bush in July-August, phosphorus and potassium top dressing is introduced into the soil.

Remember that it is necessary to water the shrubs in the process of the appearance of ovaries. When the flowering phase begins or the harvest approaches, the irrigation of the vineyard should be stopped.

Disease and pest control

What needs to be done with grapes so that various diseases and pest invasions are not afraid of him? To do this, you should figure out how to spray the grapes. As a rule, most often the shrub suffers from fungal diseases. The use of store-bought drugs will help you prevent their appearance. Which compositions to purchase depends on your preferences and cost. The main thing is that the drugs contain colloidal sulfur and copper.

As a preventive measure, try to regularly inspect the bunches of grapes. If the berries turn black in places, crack or start to rot, it is recommended to remove the clusters from the bush, as they can cause serious diseases. Grow grapes in Chuvashia, as well as Rostov region or in Ukraine it can be very effective if you follow the basic recommendations for caring for it.

Video "Planting and caring for grapes"

From this video you will learn how to plant and care for grapes.