Cultivation of horse manure. How to use horse manure as a fertilizer? Horse manure in granules

To provide cultivated plants with good nutrition, it is customary to use fertilizers of chemical and organic origin. Experienced gardeners advise not to pass by horse manure. It is good for both dressing beds and mulching, and is many times superior to other types of litter.

Can it be used?

Horse manure is ¾ water. The rest is occupied by minerals (phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium) and organic components. Thanks to such feeding, the soil improves its structure, absorbs the optimal amount of water, oxygen and heat.

The benefits of horse manure:

• Stimulates the production of carbon dioxide. Especially love her cucumbers.
• The earth becomes loose, air exchange improves.
• It gives off a lot of heat, which saves plants from freezing in winter. This property is also used for natural heating of greenhouses.
• Not able to acidify the soil.
• Increases resistance of plants to diseases.
• Accelerates seed germination, stimulates the development of young shoots, enhances fruiting.
• Provides soil with nutrients for a couple of years ahead.
• Fresh manure decomposes fairly quickly.
• Lighter than other types of manure.

Horse manure is great for clay soils, as it loosens it very effectively. If the soil is sandy, such a fertilizer will retain nutrients, preventing them from being washed out quickly.

Dried or processed horse manure (dung) is able to rid the site of many pests, including the bear.

Harm of horse manure:

• Cheap raw materials bought in the store may be of poor quality. There is no benefit in it. Rather, on the contrary: plants from such fertilizer begin to hurt and bend.
• Failure to comply with the dosage of its application to the ground can adversely affect the yield.
• Applying a concentrated liquid fertilizer will burn the plant's root system.

Types, composition and properties

Horse manure is commonly used in a variety of forms.

• Fresh (freshly cleaned from a horse).

Due to the high content of nitrogen, excellent heat dissipation, it is very much in demand among gardeners. It is important to remember: it is not advisable to use fresh humus for root dressing. It is applied in autumn when preparing the soil for winter. In a few cold months, it manages to decompose well, and therefore only benefits the plants.

The freshness of manure is determined visually: young organic matter has a light brown color and a specific structure. It perfectly visible hay or straw.

In the spring, fresh manure is used in greenhouses as an excellent biofuel. Warm soil is required for the normal growth of cucumbers, squash, cabbage, zucchini. It can also be used for potatoes, as well as other crops with a long period of growth and development.

• semi-rotted

In excrement of this type, organic residues are already dark brown, with a loose texture. Flowers and most vegetable crops are fertilized with semi-rotted manure.

• rotted (ground)

It looks like a homogeneous black mixture. It is about twice as light as fresh. Such organic matter is used as an excellent substrate for spring seedlings (optimal proportions are 1 to 2). Land will be appreciated by all cultures without exception. This is the best organic fertilizer for them.

In some root crops, after the introduction of ground, accelerated growth and improvements in taste are observed. Onions, radishes even lose their inherent bitterness.

Rotted manure is indispensable for garden trees (up to 5 buckets), berries and mulching flowers.

• Liquid

You can buy it at the store or make your own. Liquid horse manure is convenient to use and transport. It is also called an ambulance for depleted plants. He works quickly and efficiently.

Before use, liquid humus should be prepared: nettle tincture is poured into the liquid, mixed, left for up to 48 hours. Before watering, the concentrate should be diluted in water (1:6). The ideal feeding time is late evening. Liquid manure is indispensable for tomatoes during a period of intensive growth.

• Litter

These are horse feces combined with straw or peat. Bedding is usually added to improve nitrogen retention.

Many gardeners apply this fertilizer under tomatoes. Nitrogen protects the vegetable crop from all common diseases, including powdery mildew, and also helps to increase yields.

Feeding with horse manure

To make the most valuable organic fertilizer work more efficiently, it is customary to stack it in layers. For spring laying in a greenhouse, 35 cm is enough, for autumn - 45. Straw (or hay) is evenly distributed on top and sprinkled with earth (up to 40 cm layer).

On arable land, it is preferable to use horse manure before winter. Especially fresh. For 1 sq. m. should account for approximately 6 kg of organic matter. Digging is carried out immediately, until the nitrogen begins to evaporate.

In the role of mulch, loose ground is usually used. A small layer is enough - 5 centimeters.

For root dressing, liquid manure is better suited. Before making it, the beds are thoroughly shed with water. This increases the percentage of fertilizer getting to the root system.

Speaking about the validity of this organic raw material, we must not forget about the climate and soil type. The colder the climate, the heavier the soil, the more efficiently, horse droppings will work faster. In warmer climates, the fertilizer aftereffect increases. Therefore, the benefits on loose lands become noticeable only in the second year after instillation.

For potatoes

Horse feces are ideal for feeding potatoes. Under it, since autumn, it is customary to bury fresh manure in the ground. However, experienced gardeners increasingly prefer it in a half-ripened form and immediately in the holes.

Due to the long vegetation period, it is permissible to apply fresh fertilizer in the spring (5 kg per sq. M. is enough). Usually, it is recommended to add ground or semi-rotted litter to the holes.

In a bucket with a volume of 10 liters, about 8 kg of manure can fit.

It is noticed that with this fertilizer, potatoes give powerful stems, a rich ovary, invariably large root crops.

For roses

The queen of the flower bed especially appreciates fresh manure. Fertilize the bushes in the autumn, while hilling them. Dosage - up to 4 kg per sq. m. In this case, in the spring it will be easier for flowers to use all the nutrients.

Re-fertilization is permissible during the period of rapid flowering. Here they already use root bait with liquid manure.

With such care, the rose gives a significant increase and for a long time pleases the owners with large, strong flowers.

For berry crops

Horse feces are also good for berries. First of all, this applies to strawberries, strawberries. Fertilizers are applied in liquid form. 1 kg of organic matter is enough for a bucket of water. Before making the mixture should be infused (at least 24 hours).

When planting berries, it is advised to use dry manure. It is enough just to sprinkle a few of his buckets on the beds.

Compost based on horse manure, hay and leaves is an excellent mulch for laying row spacing not only for strawberries, but also for raspberries. Its optimal layer is up to 10 cm.

Horse manure increases the yield of berry crops, prevents the berries from rotting during the rainy season, and improves their taste.

For mushrooms

For growing champignons, dry manure is most suitable.

The preparation process for growing mushrooms is quite lengthy. It consists in laying the substrate, applying mineral fertilizers, lime. However, the result justifies any expectations: mushrooms appear after 3 weeks. The yield is up to 4 kg per sq. m. The mycelium bears fruit for 3 months.

When is the best time to use?

Horse manure is applied both in spring and autumn. It is important to respect the proportions and not oversaturate the soil with it.

It is customary to bring in fresh manure before the autumn digging. The optimal layer is 0.5 m. Straw is applied on top (up to 30 cm) and buried. By spring, this fertilizer will be ready for use by plants.

In early spring, fresh water is only acceptable for feeding plants with a long development period (like cabbage and potatoes).

The main thing is not to overdo it with fertilizer. If fresh water is used in the spring, then it is taken from a proportion of 750 g per meter, less compost is needed - up to 250 g per square meter. m.

Top dressing is applied immediately before digging up the earth or when planting cultivated plants (immediately in the wells) to prevent nitrogen evaporation.

When organizing greenhouses, horse manure is laid up to 25 cm under the soil. The optimal dosage is 5 kg per sq. m. Previously, the soil is disinfected with potassium permanganate (the solution should be weak). Then the beds are covered with polyethylene for 48 hours. Then they start sowing.

Liquid fertilizer is prepared in a ratio of 1:10. It is better to insist it for 2 weeks (stir occasionally), adding 1 kg of sawdust to the solution. The finished fertilizer should be diluted again (1:6). Apply it for basal top dressing in the spring and summer. Nutrients quickly reach the root system and support plants during growth and flowering.

Granulated horse manure

Garden plants are traditionally fed with "Horse Orgavit". This is the most popular type of fertilizer. Sold in bags weighing up to 2 kg.

Cultures easily assimilate nutrients from this form of feeding. The product is non-toxic, prevents soil acidification.

This type of manure can even replace mineral fertilizers. It is completely natural and ecological, and therefore is not capable of harming human health. In addition, it does not contain weed seeds.

It is allowed to use orgavit only after preliminary preparation:

1. Fill with water according to package instructions. The granules must completely dissolve.
2. Leave for 5 hours, during which the nutritional components will acquire an easy-to-assimilate form for plants.
3. Before top dressing, mix well so that there is no phosphorus sediment at the bottom.

Procurement and storage

With the introduction of horse feces, gardeners practically do not have problems, but certain difficulties may arise with its storage.

So, if you bring and dump a bunch of dung on the field, but don’t remove it in the winter, there will be no sense from such fertilizer in the spring - all useful substances will be lost. Therefore, such a valuable fertilizer must be well taken care of.

There are two types of storage:

• Cold

Horse feces are stacked, tamped, and then sprinkled with a layer of soil. This way you can negate the loss of nitrogen. Since the temperature does not rise, the decomposition process proceeds in the usual way.

• Hot

Litter is laid in layers, but it is not necessary to compact it. First choose a storage area. 0.5 m is enough. A 30-centimeter layer of peat is poured (in extreme cases, fallen leaves), then manure is laid. The layer thickness is up to 20 cm. After that, they sprinkle a bunch of phosphorus flour (in the proportion of 10 kg per half ton).

Ignoring these measures will lead to the evaporation of ammonia, the loss of nitrogen, and, in general, the loss of useful components.

The less oxygen is available to horse manure, the more useful substances it will be able to retain.

Conclusion

Organic fertilizer produced by horses is able to increase the yield not only directly in the year of feeding, but also the next. The effectiveness of this procedure depends on the type of soil, the type of manure and the crops themselves. Proper use of this fertilizer contributes to a bountiful harvest, regardless of weather conditions.

The content of nutrients in manure - potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus salts is high, therefore this type of organic additive is called complete. Most of all, nitrogen and potassium, phosphorus compounds are less, so cattle excrement is sometimes combined with other fertilizers of organic or artificial origin. The presence of nutrients depends on the method of storage of the substance.

The introduction of animal waste into the soil allows you to increase the yield not only in the current season, but also in subsequent years, so this type of fertilizer can be called economical.

Benefits of organic soil fertilizer

The use of animal waste products is useful not only for plants. Thanks to plant residues and other chemicals in the excrement, microflora actively reproduces in the soil.

Soil microorganisms are involved in the process of mineralization, which begins from the second month after fertilization. First, the number of ammonifying bacteria, actinomycetes, increases. Then their number decreases, but the population of phosphobacteria increases.

For example:

• ammonifying bacteria in semi-decomposed manure contains more than 2 million in 1 gram, after 2 - 3 years their number is reduced by a third;

• phosphobacteria in fresh matter is slightly more than 2 million, in half-rotted 58 million, in rotted - 157 million in 1 gram.

When fertilizer enters the soil, the number of bacteria increases from 3 to 20 times, which prevents the loss of nutrients, as soil microorganisms begin to process them and convert them into a form that is faster and better absorbed by plants.

Video: When and what kind of manure can be brought into the garden

The process of activation of microflora is faster if nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers are applied to the soil simultaneously with manure.

The presence of humus in the soil is the main condition for the harvest. The introduction of manure into the soil in autumn increases the amount of humus - organic matter, a decomposition product of plant and animal residues and microorganisms. The composition of humus includes humic and humic acids, humin.

The substance is black, so it is believed that the blacker the soil, the higher the yield. The highest content of the substance in the chernozem soil. Microorganisms and fungi process organic matter into simpler compounds. For example, earthworm excrement is humus.

But in order for the soil to be loose, a large amount of organic matter must enter the soil - ash, green manure, cattle waste, so that microorganisms have a source of nutrition.

The number of soil bacteria can be maintained with special EO preparations, but when using mineral fertilizers alone, a constant amount of microflora cannot be achieved, since there is no plant nutrition for it.

Important! To support the activity of soil bacteria and earthworms, it is necessary to introduce plant or animal organic matter into the soil every two years - mullein, plant remains, ashes, bone waste

Types of manure depending on the conditions of livestock

In the household, cow (mullein), horse, sheep (dung), pig manure with straw bedding are used. Species differ in the number of nutrients, consistency. Depending on the conditions of keeping the animals, the fertilizer contains impurities of straw, sawdust or other substances.

• nitrogen compounds;

• phosphoric acid;

• magnesia;

• sodium salts;

• potassium salts.

In order to subsequently use the manure as fertilizer, the animals are bedded with straw. The loss of nitrogen substances, ammonia, depends on the presence or absence of the plant component of manure, which has a porous structure and absorbs chemicals. The stalks of wheat or rye have a structure in the form of a hollow tube, where slurry lingers and lasts longer.

Mullein

The barn with cows is cleaned mainly in summer. At the same time, fertilizers are harvested for use next year. Can fresh manure be applied in autumn? It is possible, then only in clean beds. Ammonia has a depressing effect on plants, so its spring use is dangerous.

You can not calculate with the dosage and burn the root system. During the winter, excess ammonia evaporates, the rest of the substance is processed by soil microorganisms, and in spring the plants receive good nutrition.

The composition of cow manure includes animal urine, which is the main supplier of nitrogen. The more bedding is used, the more fertilizer can be obtained, because plant residues decompose over time and also serve as food for plants.

Cow dung decomposes more slowly than other types, so it can be applied less often. This property has found application in sandy soils, where the nutrient content is rapidly declining. Slow mineralization of substances from mullein allows plants to receive nutrition regularly throughout the entire growing season.

Horse dung

It is considered a higher quality fertilizer, as horse feed is more expensive. Therefore, excrement contains more useful substances. After cleaning the stables, the excrement is piled in a pile, where, in the absence of special measures to preserve the nutritional components, they disappear.

Pig manure

The difference between pig waste and horse waste is that pig manure decomposes for a very long time. It depends on the chemical composition of the excrement - most of all on the enzymatic substances. To speed up the decay of residues in the soil or in the compost heap, pig manure is mixed with horse manure, if possible.

The consistency of pig waste is more liquid, so pigs are supposed to lay more straw to collect manure for fertilizer.

By nature, pigs excrete more urine than feces. To retain ammonia, a porous or tubular material is needed. In extreme cases, sawdust, which also absorbs nitrogen substances well.

Sheep

Is it possible to apply mutton manure in autumn and under what plants?

Sheep feces are not very valuable in horticulture as a fertilizer, as the animals excrete little urine, therefore, all the ammonia is in the manure. The remaining substances - potassium, phosphoric acid are present in sufficient quantities.

Faeces do not mix well with bedding material, but decompose quickly. Any type of manure is used to form humus in the soil. If necessary, feed the plants with mineral fertilizers. Suitable for any crops - vegetable, ornamental, but it is better to use in combination with minerals.

Stages of decomposition: fresh manure, semi-decomposed, humus

Manure is considered fresh if it was laid down no more than 6 months ago. During storage, it is turned over several times to ensure oxygen access. In the process of caking, manure releases a large amount of heat - it burns.

The temperature rises to 70 degrees and the plant remains are burned, turning into a homogeneous mass. Under the influence of temperature, larvae and eggs of helminths, seeds of weeds die. The fertilizer becomes safe to use.

But this happens a year later, after the manure is stacked and covered with a peat layer to reduce the loss of volatile substances. Therefore, a semi-decomposed substance is more expensive than a fresh one. It is called semi-rotted manure.

Semi-rotted manure contains about 75% water, that is, it is loose and uniform in structure. Suitable for all plants and soils. The volume of semi-decomposed substance is 50% of the original amount.

Decomposed excrement is 1.5 - 2 years old. After another six months, the substance turns into humus, the volume of which decreases three to four times, but this fraction is considered the most environmentally friendly and nutritious.

How to prepare humus - storage conditions

During storage, it is important to preserve the nutrients that the plants will consume. To do this, it is better to use the cold method, in which the loss of substances is not more than 1%. For this, special storage facilities are equipped in which manure is poured with earth or peat.

Peat is the most valuable material, as it is able to absorb water 7 times its own weight. In this way, decomposing excrement is absorbed into the peat litter and nutrients are not lost.

Video: Basics of manure-humus

It is not advisable to store manure in small piles. In winter, the moisture is weathered, and the substance freezes through. In a large pile, the preservation of organic matter is higher.

Most of the losses occur from among the nitrogen compounds. You can avoid it as follows: add phosphate rock. Nitrogen substances in a chemical reaction combine with phosphorus, which is of great value to plants.

Mullein fertilizer in autumn: rules and features

Applying manure in the fall makes it easier to fertilize the land. When it is better to apply manure to the soil - in autumn or spring - depends on what kind of fertilizer is available: rotted or fresh. The fresh substance is not dangerous when fertilizing empty beds. During the winter period, the litter is completely dissolved, and the loss of nutrients is not more than 1%, as with a cold storage method.

Fresh manure in the fall in the country stimulates the growth of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, so potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers will grow well in such a garden - plants that need nitrogen in large quantities.

How to properly apply humus to the soil autumn:

• it is better not to leave humus on the surface - it is mixed with soil or buried;

• you can prepare trenches and fill the substance there, then close it with earth.

How to properly introduce fresh excrement:

• in the form of a solution - 1 shovel per bucket of water;

• in a mixture with mineral fertilizers;

• dry, dug with soil.

Dry dosage of organic fertilizer 1 bucket per 1 square meter. It is impossible to use alkaline organic or mineral substances together with fresh manure - ash, lime. The chemical neutralization reaction can reduce the nutritional value of the nitrogen components and the plants will turn yellow.

Manure fertilization in spring

In the spring, semi-rotted, rotted manure or compost is used.

The best option is one or two years. Such fertilizer is applied immediately to the wells, without fear of harming the process of root formation. Fresh mullein must lie in the soil for at least 3 weeks. Only then can plants be planted. In 3-4 weeks, excess ammonia disappears, some of the organic matter has time to be processed by soil workers - bacteria, fungi and worms.

It must be borne in mind that after applying fresh manure, there will be a lot of work to remove weeds in the garden. 1 kg contains more than 7,000 weed seeds.

If in the spring you need to use fresh cow dung urgently, because the planting dates are violated, you can mix ordinary wood ash with the mullein - about 1 cup per bucket. This will reduce acidity and protect the roots.

How to use humus correctly

Humus gives a good effect on depleted and heavy soils: sandstone, clay, loam. It is advisable to observe the dosage, since the excess of the amount of fertilizer adversely affects the development of plants. The optimal amount is 2 - 3 tons per hundred square meters.

You can not overdo the humus. The maximum age should not exceed 3 years, since further oxidation of the substances that make up the composition occurs, the destruction of organic matter and the loss of nutrients. Fertilizers are the most useful aged 1 - 2 years.

Many articles have already been written about the benefits of organic fertilizers. The use of compost, humus, as well as various types of manure is bearing fruit - the yields of vegetables and fruits increase, the vegetative mass increases more actively in flowers in flower beds, and flowering is more abundant. Yes, and indoor plants also need top dressing with organic matter.

Many experienced gardeners and flower growers put horse manure in a special place. Moreover, it is not only used in the preparation of warm beds in the garden, but it also has a large number of advantages among other types of manure.

The benefits of this organic type of fertilizer, composition, application for fertilizing cultivated plants (and not only) will be written below.

All components of horse manure contribute to the active growth of the aerial part of cultivated plants, as well as the root system. These ingredients improve the composition of the soil, promote the development of beneficial soil microflora, and loosen the soil. Horse manure warms the ground well and quickly, which is especially valuable when preparing greenhouses for early planting seedlings or seeds (at a time when it is still not warm enough outside), and it also cools down rather slowly - and this is its main advantage over cow manure.

The main positive qualities of horse manure:

• lower moisture content;
• less weight with more volume;
• decomposes faster in the soil;
• higher content of macro and microelements in the composition;
• warms up better and faster
• well gives off heat to the environment;
• contains less seed material of weeds;
• practically does not contain pathogenic microorganisms in its composition (which is usually characteristic of other types of manure);
• due to the large number of macro and microelements, it improves the yield of vegetable plants and fruit trees and shrubs better and faster;
• improves the composition of heavy soils, quickly loosening them;
• when applied to light soil (sandy, sandy loamy) it helps to retain moisture;
• when applied to the soil does not contribute to its acidification.

No wonder horse manure is so highly valued by experts - just look at its composition, and also pay attention to its beneficial properties. It has a much higher content of well-assimilated nitrogen than in cow and pig. It is much lighter in weight, quickly raises the temperature of the soil in warm beds, and decomposes faster. And it has practically no smell inherent in all types of manure.

The percentage of the main substances that make up horse manure is as follows:

• water - up to 68 - 70%;
• organics - 18 - 20%;
• potassium - 0.3 - 0.7%;
• nitrogen 0.2 - 0.8%;
• phosphorus - 0.2 - 0.37%;
• calcium - 0.33 - 0.35%.

Horse manure can be used at different times of the year, depending on its quality indicators - they are based on the plants that make up the litter and how long this manure matures.

Horse feces seasoned with high-moor peat are considered the best variety of this organic fertilizer. And the worst - feces mixed with sawdust. But the most accessible and effective horse manure, combined with straw. This species absorbs water best, does not allow nitrogen to be quickly removed and loosens any type of soil very well.

Horse feces are used as fertilizer in the following states:

• fresh;
• half rotted;
• completely rotted;
• like manure.

It is easy to determine how fresh this organic fertilizer is visually: the fresher the fertilizer, the less the litter included in its composition has rotted, its color and structure have not changed much. And the darker the structure of the fertilizer, the more overripe this manure is.

In the autumn period, it is most preferable to use fresh horse feces for introducing into the soil - in this case, although they release more heat energy and nitrogen, they cannot burn the delicate roots of vegetable plants. It is also effective to apply fully rotted horse manure (which has matured for at least 4 years). During this time, straw, sawdust or other types of bedding rot completely, turning into a state in which plants perceive it better. And a sufficiently large number of beneficial microorganisms penetrate into the manure itself, the smell characteristic of feces disappears, it becomes more crumbly, saturated with a sufficient amount of moisture.

In order for this fertilizer to bring the greatest benefit when preparing beds in closed ground in spring, it is laid in the soil to a depth of no more than 0.4 m.

And when preparing such beds from autumn, the depth of laying this type of organic matter is 0.5 m, a layer of straw is laid on top, and then covered with soil (the thickness of this layer is at least 0.35 cm).

As the most efficient biofuel in greenhouse conditions, this type of manure can be mixed with other organic matter for early greenhouse plantings:

• horse manure is mixed with straw or food residues (it is necessary to take equal proportions of these substances);
• in any proportions - with other types of manure;
• with peat fertilizer or sawdust (in a ratio of 3:2).

To prepare spring greenhouses, such proportions should be slightly different:

• manure from under cows and horses is taken in equal parts;
• horse manure and last year's leaves - in a ratio of 7: 3.

On large fields, this type of organic matter is usually applied for autumn plowing, but in spring it can be applied only for those cultivated plants that have a long enough growing season. Its application rate is 5-6 kg per 1 m2. It is necessary to smell this organic matter immediately in order to prevent the volatilization of nitrogen, which is part of it.

Horse manure solution is used as root dressing of cultivated plants. To do this, a kilogram of sawdust and two kilograms of this fertilizer are diluted in a bucket of water, insisted for 14 days, periodically stirring this mixture. It should be applied under the roots, but the plants must first be watered.

As a mulch, you can use either well-rotted manure, or humus from this type of organic matter. The thickness of this layer must be at least 5 cm.

Currently, you can buy this type of organic fertilizer in almost any large specialized store. Moreover, its packaging can be different:

• liquid solution of horse manure;
• organic fertilizer in granules;
• packaged in bags of 49 - 450 liters of dry fertilizer (35 - 40 kg).

Since it was unprofitable for summer residents to buy horse manure in large machines, horse manure was not in great demand among them. With the advent of small packages of this organic fertilizer, consumer demand for it has increased dramatically. And most often it is purchased by summer residents or lovers of indoor flowering plants.

You can use "horse apples" as follows:

• fresh organic matter is recommended to be applied to the soil during the autumn digging of the garden. True, in this case, about 50% of all useful substances contained in manure can decompose over the winter;
• in spring, fresh “horse apples” can be introduced for vegetables with a long growing season (white cabbage or potatoes);
• per 1 sq. m, about 5 kg of this organic matter should be added. For reference: usually a bucket with a capacity of 10 liters holds about 7.5 kg of horse manure, and mixed with sawdust - about 4.5 - 5 kg.

Horse manure as organic fertilizer: video

Horse manure is used to fertilize the soil used for gourds - watermelons and melons. In this case, the yields of these gourds increase dramatically. Moreover, if you heat the beds for melons and gourds with this “biofuel” (whose “combustion” temperature is about 31-33⸰С), then you can grow watermelons even in Western Siberia or in the conditions of the Urals.

When fertilizing the garden with this organic matter, the following vegetable crops will delight with their crops:

• pumpkins;
• zucchini;
• cucumbers;
• squash;
• celery.

Moreover, the latter on manured soil will form huge bushes with fleshy “trunks” and will be able to endure frosts without shelter, only it will have to be cut under the root before the onset of frost.

You can also feed the plants with a liquid solution of this organic fertilizer during the season. The fertilizer is diluted in water in a ratio of 1:200 and infused for 2-3 days in a warm place. The fermented mixture is diluted again with water in a ratio of 1:10 and any vegetables are watered under the root.

In general, manure is very useful for vegetable crops. However, you should not get carried away by introducing horse manure, especially containing not completely rotted straw, into the beds on which root crops are grown.

Carrots, onions, beets, radishes, radishes - these crops, with the growth of the underground part, can stumble on straw and deform (bifurcate, bend). Therefore, it is better to apply liquid fertilizing with fertilizers in the process of their growth.

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Horse manure as a fertilizer - how to apply

horse manure as fertilizer

And if you wait another year, you will get pure humus, for example, horse manure will rot in two or three months if it is correctly laid near a dunghill, which is warm but not in direct sun and does not dry out. in two months, half-rotted manure is obtained, which can be used when filling the soil in the fall. cow dung rots for a couple of months longer, but is demanding on moisture, heat and the presence of microorganisms, but also becomes usable after the summer season. pig manure decomposes for 2-3 years, slowly and should not be used in the garden.

It is recommended to store manure in a pile dug in the ground. Usually the stack is 2 m wide, 1.5 m deep, the length is arbitrary. It is desirable to lay peat in a layer of 20-30 cm at the bottom of the stack. Peat will absorb slurry. Then manure is laid and well compacted - trampled down. The manure is compacted so that it does not burn out. If the manure is dry enough, it is moistened. Peat or soil is laid out on top with a thickness of 20 cm. Losses of nitrogen and phosphorus, even when stored in the soil, are inevitable. To reduce them, add superphosphate (2-3% by weight) or phosphate rock (2-5% by weight). Typically, these agents are added in layers when stacked.​

It is best to store horse manure in a cold way, because in this case it loses less nitrogen, does not overheat, and organic matter decomposes evenly. Stacks are placed in a specially designated place. The layers are laid in the following order: ordinary soil, peat or dry leaves 30 cm thick; 15 cm layer of manure; sprinkling with phosphorite flour at the rate of 20 kg of flour per 1 ton of manure; lowland weathered peat; the next layer of manure; peat; manure, etc. From above, everything is covered with plastic wrap, dry leaves or reeds.

On light soils, horse manure can be used once every 3-4 years, and on heavy soils once every 7 years.

humus semi-rotted​ ​

All of us very often use cow dung for our country affairs as a fertilizer, and very good one, for our green pets. But then I found in my archives interesting information about horse manure, which today, however, is a rarity. But it has long been used in agriculture, because it is an excellent fertilizer. In addition, at present, the use of manure is the most environmentally effective option for increasing crop yields. Horse manure is considered one of the best organic fertilizers due to its ability not only to supply nutrients to the soil, but also to improve its structure. Manure retains moisture well and activates the activity of beneficial microorganisms, which is very important for infertile soils.

- not a large amount is taken, brought into heat, spilled with warm water, covered with a film and waiting for the germination of weed seeds - if it has risen it is not good yet, if it has not risen it is good. beds. After lying down the season I lay under all the vegetables and bushes

In any case, the pile of manure in August will become usable no earlier than July (you can, of course, water Baikal-EM and shovel it every week and then it will burn out in a month). cover with soil. Thus, warm rows are obtained for zucchini and cucumbers.

The usual rate of application of horse manure and humus is 4-6 kg per 1 sq. m. You can use horse manure as a liquid fertilizer - an infusion is made at the rate of 1 liter of manure per 10 liters of water. Feeding with horse manure, we improve soil quality: optimal air, water and thermal conditions are ensured; the content of carbon dioxide increases; clay soil becomes looser; moisture is retained in sandy soil, which prevents nutrients from being washed out; the vital activity of beneficial microorganisms is activated; the physical and chemical composition of the soil improves.​

Application of horse manure

- this is already completely rotted dung. It has an earthy color, loose, uniform, and weighs only a quarter of the same volume of fresh mass.

- it dries out, and compared to fresh in the same volume, the weight will be one third less. The remains of organic matter in it are dark brown, easily losing their structure;

which may be:

When applied to the soil, it acts almost immediately. But in the first year of application, there will be no noticeable increase in yield, since there is practically no mineral nitrogen in horse manure. But the following years will please you: the organic substances contained in horse manure will decompose and increase soil fertility. Of course, for different types of soils and for different crops, horse manure is used in different ways.​

What is useful horse manure

Feeding the soil with horse manure provides plants with the necessary nutrients. In addition, horse manure is able to effectively heat the soil, which is a valuable quality when used on cold and clay soils that need the fastest and most intense heating. If manure is used in greenhouses and hotbeds as a biofuel combined with fertilizer, then the top soil layer, 30 cm thick, is first removed from the beds. Horse manure is placed on top of the beds with the removed soil and thoroughly spilled with hot water. To destroy microorganisms that can harm plants, each bed is additionally watered with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. After these procedures, a 10-centimeter layer of fertile soil is poured over the manure with the addition of wood ash, and the soil is gently mixed and leveled. The beds are covered with plastic wrap, left for 2 days, after which plant seeds are sown. As a fertilizer, horse manure is best suited for the following horticultural crops: potatoes, cabbage, cucumbers, pumpkins, zucchini. If you feed these plants with fresh, unrotted manure, then autumn is considered the best time to introduce it into the soil. Fresh manure contains a lot of undigested plants in the horse's stomach, which can subsequently germinate in the beds in the form of weeds, so in the spring it is recommended to use manure only in liquid form for fertilizer. In the spring, the introduction of fresh manure is allowed only for late varieties of potatoes and cabbage, because. these crops have a long period of development and the manure has time to overheat a little. The optimal rate of manure top dressing is 4-5 kg ​​per square meter of soil. To prepare liquid top dressing, a liter of manure is mixed with ten liters of water and this mixture is insisted for several days; if the manure is fresh, then you need to insist it for two weeks. To increase efficiency, half a bucket of wood ash can be added to the mixture. On the eve of the feeding procedure, all beds must be thoroughly watered, and then pour liquid fertilizer into the hole, right under the root of the plant. Dry horse manure is first sprinkled with straw and sawdust, covered with plastic wrap and left to rot. In the case of dry, hot weather, the manure pile is watered to increase the moisture content of each of its layers. The rotted manure is added to the soil in the amount of 5-6 kg per square meter. In addition, liquid "express dressing" is prepared from dry manure: manure is poured with water in a ratio of 1: 1, insisted for 2-3 days in an enameled or plastic container. Immediately before fertilizing the plants, the mixture is filtered and diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 1. Fertilizing the soil with horse manure will provide it with not only complex top dressing, but also the fastest heating, improving the soil structure without excessive acidification, as happens when using pig manure.​

How to store horse manure

Manure - from 3 to 5 years ripens

Already overdone .... over the winter everything was neutralized there))

This spring you can safely use

horse manure

Fresh manure is applied only in autumn for digging. In the spring, fresh manure is applied only for crops that it will not harm: cabbage, cucumbers, pumpkin, zucchini, early potatoes.

There are two ways to store horse manure:

For each type of soil, for each crop, you need to select your own fraction of horse manure. But there are general recommendations that should be taken into account, because they have been developed on the basis of many years of experience in the application of this most valuable organic fertilizer.​

dachka-ogorodik.ru

Horse dung

Application area

rotted

Storage

fresh

Fertilizer methods

​Horse manure is an excellent biofuel for greenhouse structures - it can be used fresh for this purpose. To do this, the top layer of soil is removed from the bed, the vacated volume is covered with a loose 30-centimeter layer of thawed horse manure, it is abundantly watered with a heated solution of potassium permanganate and the manure is covered with ash or fluffy lime. From above, all this is covered with a removed fertile layer of soil mixed with ash. And again, everything is spilled with a warm solution of pink potassium permanganate. ​ Hello dear readers! Unfortunately, the summer season does not give much time for writing articles, so they do not appear on my blog so often now compost -0t 2 to 4 years

udobrim.com

How many months does manure rot? When can be used on the beds and under the bushes. (laid since the end of August)

Kostenko Sergey

Manure requires moisture and heat to rot. All this has not happened since the end of August, which means that the manure has not been overripe. Moreover, it froze over the winter.
already deadline.
Apply for digging in the fall. Spring fertilization of the soil with horse manure is permissible only for vegetables such as cucumbers, cabbage, pumpkin, zucchini, and early potatoes. The application rate of horse manure is 5 kg per 1 sq.m. soil. Fresh horse manure can be used as liquid fertilizer (particularly for flowers). Manure is soaked 1:1 in an enameled or plastic bowl (not metal) for several days. The resulting infusion is filtered and diluted with water at the rate of 1:10. Such top dressing is very useful for plants in the first half of summer.

jaboronok

Horse manure heats the soil in the beds faster and acts faster, so cold and heavy soils especially need it, as they require quick warming up. But the effect of horse manure is shorter than cow manure. For other crops (excluding those listed above), it is better to apply rotted and semi-rotted horse manure. This concludes the article and briefly say goodbye to you, dear readers and subscribers!​

Viktor Petrenko

cold - laying manure in field piles, which are then compacted and covered with soil;

Kocheva Polina

So, it is better not to introduce fresh manure into the soil in the spring, because it contains a lot of weeds that have not been processed in the horse’s stomach (and pest eggs may also be present). In rotted manure, the nitrogen content is significantly reduced, which can affect the effectiveness of the fertilizer.​

olga shubina

, which is a homogeneous black mass, no longer having noticeable remnants of straw and sawdust. It is half as light as fresh manure, and therefore more expensive;

Tatyana Moiseeva (Ivanova)

- visually this is determined by the remaining straw and sawdust, which retain their structure and color when fresh;

ROM@SHKA

There are 4 degrees of decomposition of horse manure,

Alexandra Belkina

​. ​
You can safely use it in the spring.

victoria chaikovskaya

From my childhood, I remember how my father, in order to speed up the overheating of manure in early spring, at about this time, made a furrow on the top of the heap and SPILLED WITH HOT WATER. I did this 2 or 3 times, I don't remember. But after that, in the mornings, smoke curled over the heap, the manure overheated. It is best to use rotted manure, look at its condition, and not only in the holes when planting, but also for mulching.
I have been lying since autumn, I am going to use it everywhere with might and main.
Depending on the manure itself, the decomposition process can take from one year to 3-4 years. this time also depends on the conditions.​
​Recommended for use in spring beds, greenhouses and greenhouses for fertilizing and heating the soil. Usually used on cold and heavy soils that need warming up. Horse manure mixed with straw is great for growing mushrooms. There is a positive effect when fertilizing perennial flowers.

I use cow dung as organic fertilizer. I usually buy it in late August - early September. Such “happiness” does not come up to me every year, but once every 4-5 years. I use part of it to fertilize the soil in the near-trunk circles of trees, shrubs and the area where I will place potatoes next year.

What remains, I introduce selectively over the next two to three years for other vegetable crops.

I put the manure into a pile 2 m wide, 2.5 m long and 1.5 m high after it starts to warm up (approximately 4-6 days after delivery). I trample down each layer of manure in a pile 30 cm high with boots to compact the mass. This contributes to a better preservation of nitrogen in it. Then I cover the manure with straw, sprinkle it with earth on top and make a canopy from the film so that precipitation does not get in and nitrogen is not washed out.

During storage, the manure rots, becomes a homogeneous black mass and is practically suitable for all vegetables.

It is undesirable to introduce fresh manure into the soil immediately before sowing. In the year of introduction, the plants will experience nitrogen starvation, since soil nitrogen is spent in large quantities on the decomposition of its plant components (straw, sawdust, peat). The full return of the introduced fresh manure occurs in the second or third year. In addition, this manure contains a large number of weed seeds that clog the soil.

How to distinguish ready ("rotted") manure

There are four stages Decomposition of manure: slightly decomposed, semi-rotted, rotted and humus.

Weakly decomposed (fresh) manure. Its color and strength of the straw are changed slightly. When it is washed, the water turns red or greenish.

In semi-decomposed manure, the straw becomes dark brown and breaks easily. When rinsing, the water becomes dark.

The rotted manure consists of a black smearing mass. Here 1 all plant remains have completely decomposed. Humus is a loose earthy mass. With this degree of decomposition, the initial mass of manure is reduced by 3 times.

See also: How to properly update the soil in the greenhouse

Note to the gardener

Cucumbers, zucchini, pumpkin, melon, dill, swede and celery, late cabbage withstand direct application of fresh manure before sowing. Carrots, radishes, early cabbage, tomatoes, peppers, eggplants love humus. Beets are semi-rotted manure.

Balanced fertilization is one of the most important components of successful growing of vegetable crops. A lack or excess of nutrients or a violation of their ratio can greatly harm the crop.

Fertilize Properly

With an excess of nitrogen and a lack of phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, plants rapidly increase the ground mass of stems and leaves. In such plants, resistance to various infections decreases. Cucumbers and zucchini are affected by powdery mildew, potatoes and tomatoes - late blight, root crops - gray rot. Grown root crops are poorly stored in winter.

When to apply manure - in spring or autumn

Every autumn, the question arises before the summer resident - Now apply manure to the soil or wait for spring? The answer is simple: if the soil on the site is light (sandy, sandy), then it is advisable to apply manure in the spring. In the presence of heavy soil (clay), you can do this in the fall. For all other types of soil, the time of organic matter introduction does not matter.

When manure is applied in spring, organic matter decomposes faster and begins to supply plants with soluble nutrients. This is important, since in spring and early summer they are actively growing and require a lot of nutrients.

When manure is applied in autumn, the nutrients from it dissolve and are included in the composition of the soil organomineral complex, and next year the plants receive the necessary nutrition due to the gradual decomposition of this complex and the release of nutrients.

In addition to direct participation in plant nutrition, the organic matter contained in manure is a source of substances necessary for the formation of humus (soil organic matter - the basis of fertility).

If organic matter is introduced into the soil from autumn, then, due to the absence of its depletion by vegetative plants, a significant part is included in the humus and thereby contributes to the growth of the soil fertility of the site. Therefore, by applying manure to your site in the fall, you are working for the future - laying the foundation for yields for many years to come.

On light soils, the autumn application of manure is undesirable because such soils are easily washed both by rain and melt water, and this leads to the fact that the nutrients contained in the fertilizer are simply washed out into layers inaccessible to the plant, or even fall into the ground water.

If you got manure from the fall, then it’s better to compost it - put it in a neat, even pile, put it in layers of other organic matter (plant residues, foliage, chopped straw), add dolomite flour, shovel, spill it with water and cover it tightly with a film. Get a wonderful compost in the spring.

Application rules

Organic fertilizers must be immediately embedded in the soil, otherwise the nitrogen contained there will evaporate into the atmosphere. Therefore, never scatter manure over the site for the winter without embedding. This method completely deprives you of nitrogen and a significant part of potassium and phosphorus, which drain into low places along with water.

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