Processing in the garden in autumn. Spraying the garden with urea in late autumn

How and when to spray shrubs and trees in the fall?

In order for the wintering of trees to be successful, the gardener will need to protect his fruit trees from pests and diseases. Spraying trees in the fall, you will provide them with a healthy and blooming view throughout the next season.

Autumn spraying of trees is an important factor in garden care. Treatment fruit trees carried out with the help of spray guns, while observing all safety regulations, since late spraying is carried out with pesticides. In view of this, each gardener needs to have a set of clothes for this procedure: gloves, a protective gown and, of course, a respirator. The preparation for spraying fruit trees in the fall should be selected based on the existing diseases and pests, as well as whether this treatment is early or late. Since late autumn is usually rainy, it is necessary to wait for dry weather, in no case do not spray the plantings before the rain, otherwise the rain will wash away the substance and the garden will remain unprotected or will not bring sufficient effect. The weather should be dry and calm.

Spraying trees in late autumn is carried out immediately before the onset of winter. Of course, if there are plantings in the garden that are sick, the procedure is carried out outside the schedule.

With the onset of early autumn, the garden is especially in need of care and attention. In order for fruit trees to be resistant to winter and cold, during late November spraying they are also fertilized with potash and phosphorus fertilizers.

For autumn spraying of fruit trees, it is good to use a solution of urea, with the calculation: 500-700 grams of urea per 10 liters of water. Interestingly, when spraying, it is necessary to treat both the tree itself and the area under it so that the entire infection is killed. Spraying should be dusty, fine. This procedure will reduce the risk of disease in the garden next year.

However, many gardeners are in a hurry and make a serious mistake when cultivating their garden. early autumn when the trees have not yet lost all their leaves. Spraying a garden with such a solution can only achieve a burn and untimely fall of foliage. In this case, no effect will be achieved. As a result, the gardener will receive a weakened, with a lack of useful nutrients a garden that can hardly survive the winter. A solution of this concentration is much more prudent to use in late autumn - in November.

In mid-autumn, in October, the bases of the branches and stems must be whitened lime mortar, having previously cleaned them of dead bark. As for young plantations, they are covered with a solution of chalk. Apple and pear trees protect against the invasion of rodents by tying boles and bases of skeletal branches. You can tie fruit trees with matting or burlap with the help of young cherry or walnut branches. Some use stockings.

Tree spray preparations.

inkstone used for spraying plants and the soil under them before the start of the growing season or in the fall after the leaves fall, in order to combat diseases of pome and stone fruits fruit crops and berries (diseases of the trunk and branches, moniliosis, scab and other spotting), grapes (anthracnose, bacterial cancer, spotted necrosis, mildew).

Urea is an effective measure for the destruction of leafworm caterpillars, aphids, suckers and apple beetles. The effect of nitrogen spraying lasts about 2 weeks, so after a while, it is recommended to repeat the spraying procedure.

autumn processing nitrogen solution should also take place with the participation of some fungicide and include spraying not only the trees themselves, but also the soil under them. Fallen leaves should be subject to mandatory processing if they are not planned to be removed.

Carbamide you can spray your garden, both in spring and autumn. Only in autumn it is important not to rush. If we start doing this before the trees have lost all their foliage, we risk slowing down their growth, making them more likely to freeze in winter. The concentration - 700 grams of the substance per 10 liters of water - is optimal for both spring and autumn spraying. Spraying with carbamide will protect the trees from aphids.

spraying trees diesel fuel helps to achieve the complete destruction of the larvae due to the fact that the solution sprayed on the surface of the bark forms a uniform oily film on the surface of the branches and the pillar, which does not allow the larvae to breathe, as a result of which they as soon as possible after processing, suffocation occurs.

Since this oil product is not a fungicide, it can be sprayed not only in early spring and late autumn, but throughout the entire flowering period of the fruit tree. Usually, it is bred according to one of the following recipes:

To 10 parts of water add 1 part of ferrous sulfate, then 10 parts of 10% milk of lime and only then 20 parts of diesel fuel. The resulting mixture will have a 50% concentration and is recommended for use before bud formation and after leaf fall.

5 parts of clay and 5 parts of water are mixed with 20 parts of fuel. The resulting solution has the same concentration as the previous one, but does not contain a fungicide and can be used during the fruiting period.

Another option for obtaining a 50% spray solution is to mix 9 parts of water with 1 part laundry soap and 10 parts of diesel fuel.

Foreword

Winter and autumn garden processing - important work for each gardener, since processing in this case pursues two important goals. The first is to rid the garden of pests and the second is to prepare the site for spring.

Necessary tools and materials

Autumn garden processing - preparing the site for hibernation

Once you have harvested, you can start working on your garden plot. In this case, you need to stock up on pest control chemicals, enough water, lime, and you will also need gardening tools.

Stages of work:

• During fruiting, it is strictly forbidden to use a variety of chemicals to get rid of diseases and pests. Therefore, during this period, trees and shrubs collect all kinds of diseases. That is why, before the start of leaf fall, you need to completely treat the garden with a solution of urea. If during the harvest rot is found on the fruits, treatment is carried out (100 g of product per 10 liters of water).
• The next step is to clean the tree trunk from old bark and moss with a wire brush. After collecting all the peeled bark, be sure to take it out of the garden and burn it. In addition, all diseased fruits should be destroyed. Do not forget that pruning of trees should also be carried out in the fall - remove all shoots damaged by diseases. To protect trees from rodents that raid the garden in winter, tie tree trunks metal mesh and cover the reconciliation with spruce branches.
• In autumn, it is also necessary to dig up the soil on the site. But here you need to be careful not to damage root system plants. Next, we make the necessary organic and mineral fertilizers.
  
• Noticing even small cracks on tree trunks, be sure to lubricate them with garden pitch.

Garden processing in winter - what do we do during the cold season?

Many gardeners relax for the winter, they think that at this time they can relax. However, winter is not a reason to quit, because during this period it is necessary to spend enough a large number of landscaping to keep your garden ready for the new season. For convenience, we divide the work that needs to be carried out into stages:

• gardening in december. Many gardeners at this time are preparing cuttings. For this, mature branches from the crown are best suited. At the same time, the cuttings are first stored in the refrigerator, and after the snow falls - in the snow, wrapped in ordinary cling film. Before the appearance of snow cover, it is imperative to rake all the fallen leaves with a rake and place it in a compost pit.
  
• January work is aimed at thinking over the location of flower beds, creating rock gardens, if this is planned, and other purely decorative works in the garden. Check how your supplies are stored in the basement and start harvesting vegetable and fruit seeds for planting in the spring. If you want some plants to please you already in May, plant them in January, and transplant them into open ground in the spring.
• Garden processing in February is considered the most serious, because during this period you will need to prepare your garden for spring, most importantly, wait until the severe frosts go away. It is necessary to prune trees with the removal of frozen shoots, in addition, this will lead to improved penetration of air and sun to the trees. In the same month, you can start choosing annuals and perennials for landing. Remember to check the expiration date of fertilizers and mineral dressings for plants, in order to purchase new preparations if necessary. The garden is also sprayed in winter using a solution of copper or iron sulfate (70–100 g per 10-liter bucket of water).
  

It is important to know - the most common pests

In order for both winter and autumn garden processing to be successful, you need to know what diseases and pests you may encounter during the work.

First of all, these are mites, from which young shoots and leaves suffer - they begin to lose juice, stretch out and dry out. Aktofit is considered the most popular and suitable remedy.

For the treatment of a garden plot in the fall, substances such as copper or iron sulfate, as well as urea, are used. Spraying solves several problems:

• Destroys pests;
• Prevents fungal diseases;
• Heals wounds, disinfects them after trimming;
• Acts as a fertilizer.

During operation, the instruction prescribes to take protective measures At least put on a respirator and gloves. When processing large area It is convenient to use a special sprayer for the garden.

Treatment with iron sulphate

If the trees are not young, affected by moss and lichen, iron sulfate is suitable for processing. The solution is prepared with a concentration of ferrous sulfate not less than 5% and not more than 8%.

The mixture should not be kept in a metal container. Suitable for cooking glassware or a bucket made of thick plastic. For treatment - disinfection of sections and hollows for 1 liter of water, take 100 g of iron sulfate.

garden processing iron vitriol in autumn it will help in the fight against gray mold, mosses and lichens on old trees. At a concentration of 1 liter of water - 30 g of the drug, it is used for spraying currant bushes, gooseberries and raspberries.

Iron sulfate is used to prevent and treat diseases of roses, in particular, it helps to defeat black spot.

Autumn spraying of apple trees with iron sulphate destroys insect pests that have hid under the bark for wintering. Branches, trunk and near-stem circle are treated with a 5% solution. spring processing iron sulphate kills at least 50% of the eggs laid for the winter of apple sucker.

In addition to protecting the garden from pests, iron sulfate is a source of iron, which is necessary for normal plant growth and fruit development. In contrast, copper sulfate is used as a preventive and remedy(fungicide).

What is copper sulphate for?

Autumn spraying with copper sulphate has preventive goals. By the time the buds begin to bloom, the trees will already be protected from diseases.

A one percent solution of this drug is treated with the roots of seedlings before planting. They are lowered literally for 3 minutes, after which they are thoroughly rinsed in running water.

Solution blue vitriol Helps prevent fruit rot powdery mildew and scab.

For best result lime is added to it in the ratio: 100 g of copper sulfate are taken for 200 g of quicklime. The resulting mixture is called Bordeaux.

Spraying with copper sulphate is best done in the fall, as in the spring a highly concentrated solution will harm young foliage. But this can be done not earlier than November, since a chemical burn is possible when processing the leaves.

Spraying with urea

The composition with urea is used at a concentration of 5%. This treatment will help rid and protect the garden from scab. The components of urea have a positive effect on the vegetative processes, as the plants are saturated with nitrogen.

Spraying with urea is carried out a month before the first frost in order to protect the garden from negative weather conditions. It is carried out in calm weather. Another name for urea is urea.

Autumn processing: terms and procedure

In autumn, it is important to remove fallen leaves. If this is not done, insect pests and rodents will overwinter in it and continue to destroy the garden in the spring.

The main tasks of autumn work in the garden:

• Spraying the garden from pests, their larvae;
• Rodent protection;
• Shelter of trees and bushes from frost.

The sequence of work to prepare the garden for winter:

1. Collection of fruits. Healthy fallen fruits are processed or composted, and the carrion is fed to livestock. Diseased parts of the plant are burned.
2. Fallen leaves are collected. Healthy leaves cover garlic and strawberries. The rest is placed in the compost heap.
3. The old bark is scraped off. Hollows and wounds are cleaned, disinfected and treated with garden pitch.

Before these procedures, unnecessary fabric is spread under the crown - so that the pests that live in the crown do not fall to the ground. At autumn pruning shoots growing inside, top shoots, diseased, damaged and dried branches are removed.

In regions with frosty winters, pruning is carried out in the spring. Where at this time of the year a predominantly positive temperature remains, sanitary pruning is carried out - crooked, dry and diseased branches are destroyed. All waste is incinerated.

Trunk whitewashing

The procedure for applying a protective solution is carried out after all the foliage has fallen, but before the first frost. IN central regions this time falls on the end of September - the first decade of October. Processing is not carried out in rainy weather.

Whitewash will create on the trunk protective film, which will serve as a barrier against pests. Ordinary lime is ineffective.

It is better to use a special paint designed for garden trees. It lasts longer than lime mortar and contains an antiseptic.

As soon as the temperature drops to +5°C, you can start painting the trunks. This is done to protect them from freezing in winter, and from freezing in spring. sunburn. Garden paint is not applied at temperatures below +2°C.

If we are talking about young seedlings, then it is not recommended to whitewash them with lime. In extreme cases, the solution is made less concentrated, but at the same time protective properties. Therefore, it is safer for seedlings to use garden paint.

To prepare a solution of lime, you will need the following components:

• Hydrated garden lime - 2 kg;
• Water - 10 l;
• Copper sulfate - 250 g;
• Clay - 1 kg.

This is not a spray, so the mixture should not run like water. Clay gives it density. If the solution turned out to be liquid, then this is corrected by adding clay. The consistency of the mass should resemble kefir or liquid sour cream.

Rodent harness

When all garden work have been carried out, spraying of fruit trees and berry bushes has been completed, the temperature has dropped below zero, the trunk is tied. At the same time, spruce branches, raspberry branches are used, but if there are none, then a metal mesh or roofing felt will do. The strapping will protect the bark from the sun's rays, which in the spring can leave burns on the trunk.

If the rodents are already on garden plot, then set traps, traps and poisoned baits. If there is a lot of snow, it is rammed around the trunk. This technique allows you to maintain the heat balance. Strapping becomes unnecessary closer to April. To protect the bark from burns, the shelter is removed on a cloudy day.

In autumn, in addition to harvesting, summer residents have another important task - preparing the garden for winter. In order to enjoy the fruits again next year, it is important to properly treat the plants and the soil under them from diseases and pests.

Autumn processing of the garden includes spraying the crowns of bushes and trees with insecticides (Aktara, Inta-Vir) and fungicides, digging the soil, fertilizing and protecting plants from rodents. With the onset of cold weather, heat-loving crops are additionally covered with spunbond and mulched with sawdust, peat, dry leaves and other materials.

Pest Control

In early autumn, trapping belts are removed from the trees and burned along with caterpillars of the codling moth, weevils and other garden pests that have climbed there. With the onset of cold weather, insects for hibernation they burrow into the soil of tree trunks and under the bark of plants, so the first step is to clean the boles from old bark, moss and lichens, cover the wounds with garden pitch and whiten the trees with a special solution with the addition of copper sulfate.

Shortly before the onset of frost, the boles of fruit trees must be protected from rodents. To do this, the trunk is tied with spruce spruce branches, a metal mesh cut plastic bottle or ruberoid.

How to spray bushes and trees in autumn

Among gardeners, the most popular treatment of plants after harvesting is 1% Bordeaux liquid. This tool helps to destroy dangerous fungi- pathogens of scab, powdery mildew, rot and other diseases. With the help of a special cylinder under pressure or a spray bottle, all fruit trees are carefully sprayed, berry bushes(including strawberries), as well as perennial ornamental crops.

After leaf fall, but no later than the end of October, the crown of bushes and trees and the soil under them are sprayed with a solution of urea (urea). For its preparation, 500-700 g of the drug is diluted in 10 liters of water.

This is an excellent prevention of scab and spotting. But keep in mind: it is not recommended to use urea in late autumn, since this fertilizer saturates the plant with nitrogen and activates the growing process. And this is undesirable during the onset of frost, otherwise the plant may die.

An apple orchard can be additionally sprayed with 5% iron sulfate.

All spraying is carried out in dry and calm weather and do not forget about safety measures. During the processing of the garden, a person should wear a respiratory mask, rubber gloves, a protective coat and goggles to protect the eyes from chemicals.

Digging the soil in autumn

When preparing the soil for winter, the first step is to remove all the leaves from the site. They can live in garden pests and fungal spores (in particular, pathogens of clasterosporiasis and coccomycosis), so it is not recommended to leave any vegetation on the surface of the earth. After the end of leaf fall and thorough cleaning, proceed to autumn digging soil.

The earth is dug up with a sharp shovel to a depth of 15-20 cm between the rows and 10-15 cm along the projection of the crown of shrubs and trees. It is enough to loosen not too dense soil with a rake or Fokin flat cutter.

During this procedure, it is necessary to remove perennial weeds and pest larvae that have appeared on the soil surface. Then it is recommended to apply phosphate and potash fertilizers.

Under each adult apple and pear, 300 g of superphosphate and 200 g of potassium sulfate are added. Fertilizers are planted together with organic matter or poured into the near-stem circle and watered. For plums and cherries, preparations must be diluted in a proportion of 3 tbsp. superphosphate for 10 liters of water and 2 tbsp. potassium sulfate per 10 liters of water. Under each mature plant pour 4-5 buckets of the resulting solution. Thanks to these fertilizers, the winter hardiness of plants will increase.

Digging the soil in dry weather, because the damp soil will only compact, instead of becoming loose. And do not stick the shovel at an angle, it must be placed strictly vertically to the surface of the earth.

Now you know how to properly spray plants and deal with pests in the garden. But autumn processing may not be enough. So spring and summer preventive actions repeat.