Powdery mildew on plants - pathogens and causes, treatment. How to ensure high-quality control of powdery mildew Powdery mildew from what arises how to fight

Let's figure out what kind of disease it is, what harm it does and how to deal with it.

What is the harm?

powdery mildew initially manifested by a white coating on plants, which formed the fungus mycelium. At first, the raid looks like a web. Over time, it becomes like a powder. The plaque strikes the sheet on both sides.

Most often, young branches and leaves are affected: they contain many nutrients needed by the mycelium. The danger to plantings is that fungi quickly spread throughout the plant.

Description and signs of the disease

The most vulnerable plants

Powdery mildew only affects deciduous plants: , and even . Also, this disease causes great harm to such ornamental plants, like , and many others. The course and development of the disease in all plants is approximately the same. And the disease develops most often in warm cloudy weather and with high humidity.

Important! Powdery mildew develops best at 18-25 ° C and high humidity.

Causes of the disease

Once on the plant, it penetrates the inside of the leaves and begins to feed useful substances located inside the sheet. The fungus grows and forms a mycelium. Over time, the spores of the mycelium burst, and the mushroom seeds “fly” onto neighboring leaves or plants.

How to fight: folk and chemical remedies

It is possible and necessary to fight this fungal disease. It is necessary to remember a few rules that will help not only prevent the onset of the disease, but also tell you how to get rid of powdery mildew if it has just appeared:

• plant only after the soil has dried;
• plants are not allowed;
• diseased plants must be brought to light;
• it is also necessary to monitor fallen leaves: they should not lie on the ground.

Use less. It is better to replace them with phosphorus-sodium (with remission). During the period of the disease, it is not recommended to fertilize the land at all. Let's figure out which powdery mildew remedy helps for each class of plants.

On vegetables

• . In case of disease of vegetables, it is necessary to remove the damaged parts of the plant. From folk remedies suitable application of sulfur powder in a ratio of 25-30 g per 10 square meters. m. A solution of colloidal sulfur also helps: for 35 liters of water, 25-30 g of sulfur. Of the preparations for the treatment of cucumbers, and are suitable. Read the instructions before use.

• . The disease appears in two ways: either at the edges the leaves begin to dry out and over time young plant dies or appears yellow spots on the top side of the sheet. In this case, the plaque is visible only on back side vegetable leaves. Over time, it appears on the upper side of the leaves of the plant. If the tomatoes are sick, they must be sprayed with a solution. When spraying, read the instructions. Helps with this disease and "Bactofit". It is necessary to process 3 times with an interval of 1-1.5 weeks. "Planriz" will also help to cope with powdery mildew. Do not forget about the help of drugs such as Baileron and. It is advisable to add laundry soap to the solutions of these preparations.

Did you know? To create 1 ton tomato paste it is necessary to grow 5.8 tons of tomatoes.

• . The land around diseased zucchini is necessary. It is also necessary to spray this plant with a solution of or. Of the drugs you need to use "Kefalon", as well as phosphorus sodium.

• You can cope with the disease thanks to a solution of soda ash or with the help of. It is necessary to spray the plant 4-5 times with an interval of 7 days.

On fruits and berries

• Powdery mildew on currants is immediately noticeable. If you do not fight it from the very beginning, then by the beginning of autumn the shrub will die. The harm of the disease is also dangerous in that it affects all species. If one bush is damaged, all bushes may die. In the fight for currants, it must be treated with both chemical and folk remedies to combat powdery mildew. You can treat the bush with natural methods - ash solution, manure solution, and so on. Among chemicals"Nitrafen" or spraying with a solution will be effective. In summer, it is best to spray with soda ash. In the spring - copper chloride.

• . Gooseberries are treated with kefir, manure, soda, infusion of hay, ash, horsetail decoction. They will help for the recovery of the bush and "Gausin" with, as well.

• . The conditions under which the disease develops best are from 18 to 25 degrees Celsius and high humidity. At low humidity, the disease does not develop. Treat grapes (at +20 ° C or more) with a solution of sulfur in water: for 90 g of sulfur, 10 liters of water. When the temperature is below 20 ° C, colloidal sulfur is useful for treatment. During the ripening of the fetus, it is best to use a weak solution of potassium permanganate. Among the chemicals that help destroy the disease, it is better to use Quadris or Topaz.

Did you know? To get 1 kg of raisins, you need 4 kg of fresh grapes.

• . Powdery mildew is so dangerous for apple trees and garden trees that the protective function of trees to frost may decrease, which means that the apple tree may not overwinter. In addition, this disease halves the yield of apples. To protect the trees, you can treat them with soda ash along with soap, as well as copper oxychloride. "Topaz" apple trees are treated with a break of 6-12 days . Before starting treatment, remove all infected tree branches.

• . This disease manifests itself on strawberries in the form of plaque on the back of the leaves. With the progression of the disease, it passes to the mustache and plants. The fruits may smell like mold. Strawberry treatment is carried out with the help of Quadris, Switch or Bayleton preparations. After the appearance of the first berries, it can be treated with "Fundazol". Carefully process strawberry leaves on both sides and do not forget about the instructions for these preparations.

Moreover, in the fight for good harvest, "TMTD" or a 1% suspension of colloidal sulfur will help you.

On garden flowers

• also suffer from powdery mildew, which affects the stems of flowers. At first the color of the plaque is white, but then it changes to brown. Infected leaves must be removed and the flowers treated 2-3 times with a 1% suspension. Repeat the procedure after 7 days until the flower recovers.

• Roses. If you see that the roses are sick, Fitosoprin-M, colloidal soda, and Maxim will help you cure them. In spring and autumn, prepare a solution to combat this disease from 50 g of soda ash, 10 liters of water, 300 g of soap (preferably green) and 15 g of copper oxychloride. Treat roses with this solution and they will be healthy.

• . To cure a petunia, it is necessary to remove all diseased parts of the plant. Next, you need to process the flower, "Topaz" or "Fundazol". For potted petunias, after removing the infected parts of the flower, it is necessary to remove the infected layer of earth and replace it with a new one, which must be treated with Fitosporin-M. A solution of ash, whey, mustard also helps to fight powdery mildew.

• become infected with this disease during heavy watering, a large number nitrogen fertilizers or in very warm weather. Powdery mildew can be cured with Morestan, Topsin-M, soda ash with soap, or with Fundazol.

On indoor plants

White plaque on indoor plants, which appeared when the temperature drops or the stuffiness of the air in the room - this is powdery mildew. This white coating on indoor flowers is dangerous because if the plants are close to each other, a healthy plant can also get sick. As a result, due to powdery mildew, the flower rots and dies.

Indoor flowers are treated for powdery mildew with a solution of potassium permanganate or garlic tincture. Soda ash will also help.

Of the chemical drugs, Bayleton, Topaz, or will help best. Before using the drug, read its instructions.

Prevention of the appearance

It is known that any disease is easier to prevent than to treat. Let's see what are the methods of preventing plants from powdery mildew.

• Serum solution. Combine 1 liter of serum with 10 liters of water. Next, the solution is applied to the damaged stems at least 3 times with an interval of 3 days.

• Decoction from. A solution in a ratio of 1:10 (horsetail with water) is boiled for 1.5 hours. Then it is filtered, again diluted with water with the calculation of 1 liter of solution per 5 liters of water. This solution should be sprayed bushes. Store the solution in a warm place for no more than 7 days.

• Mustard. 1-2 tbsp. l dry mustard diluted with 10 liters of hot water. Cool down. Next, the solution is either watered on the ground, or the plant is sprayed.

• Copper vitriol. 5 g of copper sulfate is dissolved with 1 tbsp. water. Additionally, 50 g of soap is diluted in 5 liters of water (warm). A solution of vitriol is combined with soapy water. The plant is sprayed 2-3 times a day with a frequency of 6-7 days.

• Manure tincture. Infused 1 kg of manure per 3 liters of water. After that, the solution is diluted with 3 liters of water. Used as a means for spraying shrubs.

• Baking soda and soap. Dissolve in 4 liters of water 1 tbsp. tablespoons of soda and ½ teaspoon of soap. Spray 2-3 times a day with an interval of 6-7 days.

• A solution of ash and soap. In 10 l warm water add 1 kg of ash. During infusion, the solution is stirred. After that, it is poured into clean dishes and add liquid soap. Used as a spray. 10 liters of water are added to the remainder of the ash solution and the bush is watered.

• Potassium permanganate. 5 g of potassium permanganate is diluted with 1 liter of water. Sprayed 2-3 times with an interval of 5 days.

• Soda ash and soap. 5 g of soap and 25 g of soda are added to 5 liters of hot water. Cool down. Spray the soil and plant 2-3 times with an interval of 7 days.

I would also like to dwell on preventive measures for the treatment of individual, the most common green plants.

• Cucumbers. Prevention is proper fit and care, as well as spraying with the Quadris preparation.

• Tomatoes. To prevent powdery mildew, it is necessary to soak the tomato seeds in a solution of "Immunocytophyte" or "Epin" 42 days before planting in the ground. You can also treat tomatoes with 10% whey or ash solution.

• Zucchini. Prevention of powdery mildew on zucchini: spray with Nitrafen in spring. Folk methods sprayed every other day in dry weather.

• Grape. Use a solution of sulfur - 25-40 g per 10 liters of water.

• Apple tree. To prevent this serious disease, the tree must be treated with Topaz.

• Strawberry. Don't plant strawberries too densely. Weed it in time and replant those bushes that are too close to the "relatives".

• Phloxes. Mulching with humus or peat. In the spring, phloxes are treated three times with 1% Bordeaux liquid. Repeat the procedure after 12-14 days. It is also necessary to fertilize the flowers with mineral fertilizers.

• Roses. Weed promptly. In autumn, it is advised to collect and burn the vegetation in the garden, and dig up the soil.

• Indoor plants need potash-phosphorus fertilizers to combat powdery mildew, airing the room, proper watering and general flower hygiene.

The question of how to deal with powdery mildew arises among summer residents very often. The problem worries many, since powdery mildew is a disease that affects both vegetable, fruit, berry, and flower crops, and it is not at all easy to deal with it. However, it is necessary to fight, otherwise powdery mildew can both worsen the appearance of plants and destroy the crop.

This disease is very insidious, widespread everywhere. In many cases, non-chemical remedies help. When the situation is running, you should fight the infection with the help of special drugs.

A variety is American powdery mildew, which is otherwise called a sphere library. If you do not fight this disease, then it can completely destroy the crop of gooseberries and black (less often red and white) currants. Sick bushes seem to be sprinkled with a whitish or grayish powder, and the berries die before reaching the ripening stage; observed early leaf fall.

A slightly different nature has another fungal disease- downy mildew (downy mildew). It develops within sheet plates, which are covered with yellow and brown spots of dying tissue; a grayish coating is visible from below. Ruins such vegetable crops, as onion and cucumbers (except modern resistant varieties and hybrids). Agronomic science believes that preparations with copper are very successful against downy mildew, but they are less effective in dealing with real powdery mildew.

Plants susceptible to powdery mildew

1. Pumpkin family - cucumbers, zucchini, pumpkins, melons, watermelons, etc.
2. Nightshade crops - tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, potatoes, etc.
3. Strawberries (not to be confused with gray rot, the defeat of which is visible only on berries).
4. Berry bushes - wild rose, gooseberry, currant; less often raspberries, honeysuckle, viburnum, etc.
5. Fruit trees (apple, less often pear, as well as peaches, etc.).
6. Grapes (on it, especially in the southern regions, a special kind of disease develops, which is called oidium).
7. Variety of perennial flowers ornamental shrubs, trees: roses, clematis, honeysuckle, peonies (), hops, maples, phloxes, delphiniums, rudbeckias, autumn asters, monards, primroses, etc.
8. Annual flowers: petunias, balsams, dahlias, zinnias, salvias, drummond phloxes, calendulas, sweet pea etc.
9. Lawn grasses.

Methods of infection with powdery mildew

Spores fall on plants from the land inseminated by them and organic residues, remain on the branches of bushes (where they successfully winter), frames of greenhouses and greenhouses, garden tools, clothes. They can be carried with water, wind, on the hands, on the soles of shoes (including from other people's infected gardens), and also move from indoor flowers, purchased bouquets. The disease develops successfully in a humid and warm environment. In addition to rains, outbreaks of the disease are provoked by daytime hot weather, which is accompanied by abundant night dews. Soil drought is also harmful, it weakens the intracellular environment of plants, and it becomes difficult for them to fight infection.

Preventive measures against powdery mildew

1. Growing powdery mildew-resistant varieties and hybrids (especially roses, cucumbers and melons, gooseberries and currants, as well as grapes).
2. Landing without thickening, in sunny places; good ventilation (in greenhouses - without sudden changes in temperature), avoidance of excessive dampness.
3. Irrigation without sprinkling and sprinkling of soil; mulching.
4. Top dressing potassium phosphate fertilizers, without excess nitrogen (especially for shrubs, trees and flowers).
5. Cutting and burning diseased twigs.
6. Deep digging of the soil and disposal of plant residues.
7. Crop rotation.
8. Moving away from monoculture. Plants prone to disease (eg phlox, roses) should be placed in isolated groups rather than in a clearing.
9. Landing cultivated plants away from such "lovers" of infections as oak, maple, hops. You should not place your gooseberry and currant bushes near your neighbors.
10. Quarantine for "suspicious" purchased and donated plants. Washing hands and shoes after visiting other people's summer cottages.

Powdery mildew control

Folk ways

Gardeners and gardeners have been using affordable home remedies for powdery mildew for decades. They work well preventively and in the early stages of the introduction of the fungus. Vegetable crops, flowers, trees are treated in advance or at the first sign of infection, again after a week. According to folk remedies, all dosages (the amount goes to a bucket of water, except for paragraphs 6, 7) are given approximately, you should act carefully!

1. Wood Ash (Infusion): 2 liter cans mix the ashes, let stand for 5-7 days, after which we add grated laundry (possible) soap (a couple of tablespoons), filter.
2. Wood ash (decoction): pour a half-liter jar into a liquid and boil for half an hour, cool, drain from the sediment, filter.
3. Cow manure (or rotten hay): we fill the container with it by a quarter, add water to the top (necessarily natural, without chlorine), let it stand for 3 days. We dilute a liter of infusion with three liters of water when fungal diseases are found in plants.
4. Field horsetail: put 1 kg of juicy greenery of this plant in a bucket, let it brew for a day or two, then boil for half an hour. To spray 2 liters of this decoction, mix in 10 liters.
5. Garlic (300 gr) we insist a day or two, filter.
6. Onion peel: combine 5 liters of boiling water with 100 g and insist for a couple of days.
7. Whey or skimmed (non-fat) milk - 3 liters per bucket. Processing is done in the morning on a clear day.
8. Bread kvass (live fermentation) - kvass / water 1:10.
9. Mustard (powder): a couple of tablespoons in a hot liquid; use after cooling.
10. Baking soda: add 100 g of soap to 2 tablespoons, all in hot water, mixing, - cool.
11. Soda ash (5 tablespoons) and laundry soap (50 gr).
12. : 1 tablespoon per bucket - for a rose; For the rest of the plants, we make the solution twice as weak (half a spoonful, about 10 ml).
13. Potassium permanganate: one and a half grams.
14. Dousing bushes with boiling water early in the spring (before the buds swell).

Biologicals

The agricultural industry offers several environmentally friendly means to fight powdery mildew. Special cultural bacteria and their metabolic products inhibit the development of harmful fungi. Beneficial features store only in water without chlorine and other chemicals. Biological products are effective when applied in advance, prophylactically, several times (according to instructions).

1. Phytosporin - contains spores, which, under the influence of moisture and heat, turn into special bacteria. These microscopic living creatures reproduce, and their waste products suppress pathogenic fungi, as well as stimulate the immune response of plants. The drug has a wide spectrum of action. Safe for the environment.
2. Alirin - works in the form of a solution containing beneficial live bacteria. At a dosage of 1 - 2 tablets per liter of water, we do 3 sprays with an interval of 1-2 weeks. Prevention on flowers, currants, cucumbers is especially recommended. The fruits can be eaten immediately.
3. Bactofite is a natural antibiotic produced by special bacteria. Shows excellent results especially on roses. The substance is a potential hazard to some species beneficial insects(harmless to bees). The waiting period for a person is one day.
4. Strobe - refers to new group biologically related drugs. Contains artificial substances similar to natural toxins that are able to fight harmful fungi and their spores. Especially recommended for use at the beginning of the season, in the very early stages of diseases.

Siliplant fertilizer

Siliplant is a series of fertilizers for all horticultural crops. Contains active forms chemical elements, including silicon, which mobilizes the internal resources of plants, enhancing their ability to fight diseases on their own. There is evidence that Siliplant destroys fungal spores.

Concentrated fertilizer solutions

In early spring (strictly before the buds swell) and in autumn, after the leaves fall (at a temperature of about +5 degrees), you can carry out a special spraying of bushes and trees (as well as the soil). It can "burn" many infections. To prepare the solution, we take 700 grams of urea (

Chemicals

1. It is believed that traditional fungicides containing copper are not effective enough against powdery mildew (HOM, Oksikhom, Bordeaux mixture, copper sulfate). However, sometimes, in order to fight this disease, it is suggested to use a copper-soap mixture (copper sulfate - 1 teaspoon "with a slide" - with 150 grams of soap in a bucket of water) to spray diseased plants. The waiting period before eating is 5 days (cucumbers, melons), a week (tomatoes), two weeks (other crops).
2. antique, traditional remedy- sulfur. On its basis, the industry produces the drug Thiovit Jet. It is recommended to be used on roses and fruit crops. It is undesirable to use in hot sunny weather, as the evaporation of sulfur vapor can cause plant burns. Sometimes in the literature there is a ban on the use of sulfur for the treatment of gooseberries (again, due to the sensitivity of its foliage to burns). The waiting period is one day.
3. Topaz is a very effective modern fungicide. Shows excellent results on roses and other flowers. Successfully fights powdery mildew on currants and gooseberries (in the budding phase, on young ovaries and after harvesting). The drugs Forecast, Chistoflor, Agrolekar have a similar effect. The waiting period is about half a month.
4. Skor, Diskor, Rayok, Keeper, Chistotsvet - a group of drugs based on difenoconazole. They have a high preventive, protective and therapeutic effect. Penetrate into internal environment plants; the waiting period before harvest is at least three weeks. Most often used on flowers and apple trees.

Fungal infections able to "get used" to certain substances, therefore, in order to successfully deal with powdery mildew, different means must be alternated.

It should be noted that the preparations nitrafen and fundazol often mentioned in the literature have not been produced for use in private farms for a long time.

We sowed or planted most of the plants in the spring and it seems that in the middle of summer we can already relax. But experienced gardeners know that July is the time of planting vegetables for a late harvest and the possibility of longer storage. This also applies to potatoes. Early summer potato harvest is best used quickly, it is not suitable for long-term storage. But the second crop of potatoes is exactly what is needed for winter and spring consumption.

Astrakhan tomatoes ripen remarkably lying on the ground, but you should not repeat this experience in the Moscow region. Our tomatoes need support, support, a garter. My neighbors use all sorts of pegs, garters, loops, ready-made plant supports, and mesh fences. Each method of plant fixation in vertical position has its merits and side effects". I'll tell you how I place tomato bushes on trellises, and what comes of it.

Bulgur with pumpkin is a dish for every day, which is easy to prepare in half an hour. Bulgur is boiled separately, the cooking time depends on the size of the grains - whole and coarse grinding for about 20 minutes, fine grinding for just a few minutes, sometimes the cereal is simply poured with boiling water, like couscous. While the cereal is cooking, prepare the pumpkin in sour cream sauce and then combine the ingredients. If replace melted butter vegetable, and sour cream - soy cream, then it can be included in the lenten menu.

Flies - a sign of unsanitary conditions and carriers infectious diseases hazardous to both humans and animals. People are constantly looking for ways to get rid of nasty insects. In this article, we will talk about the Zlobny TED brand, which specializes in fly protection products and knows a lot about them. The manufacturer has developed a specialized line of drugs to get rid of flying insects anywhere quickly, safely and without extra costs.

The summer months are the time for hydrangeas to bloom. This beautiful deciduous shrub is luxuriously fragrant with flowers from June to September. Florists willingly use large inflorescences for wedding decors and bouquets. To admire the beauty flowering bush hydrangeas in your garden, you should take care of the proper conditions for it. Unfortunately, some hydrangeas do not bloom year after year, despite the care and efforts of gardeners. Why this happens, we will tell in the article.

Every summer resident knows that plants need nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for full development. These are the three main macronutrients, the deficiency of which significantly affects the appearance and yield of plants, and in advanced cases may lead to their death. But at the same time, not everyone understands the importance of other macro- and microelements for plant health. And they are important not only in themselves, but also for the effective absorption of the same nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

garden strawberry, or strawberry, as we used to call it - one of the earliest fragrant berries, which summer generously bestows on us. How we rejoice in this harvest! In order for the "berry boom" to repeat every year, we need to take care of the care of the berry bushes in the summer (after the end of fruiting). The laying of flower buds, from which ovaries will form in spring, and berries in summer, begins approximately 30 days after the end of fruiting.

Spicy pickled watermelon is a savory snack for fatty meat. Watermelons and watermelon rinds have been pickled since time immemorial, but the process is laborious and time consuming. According to my recipe, it’s easy to cook pickled watermelon in 10 minutes, and a spicy snack will be ready by the evening. The watermelon marinated with spices and chili is stored in the refrigerator for several days. Be sure to keep the jar in the refrigerator, not only for the sake of safety - chilled, this snack is just licking your fingers!

Among the variety of species and hybrids of philodendrons, there are many plants, both gigantic and compact. But not a single species competes in unpretentiousness with the main modest - blushing philodendron. True, his modesty does not concern the appearance of the plant. Reddening stems and cuttings, huge leaves, long shoots, forming, although very large, but also strikingly elegant silhouette, look very elegant. Philodendron blushing requires only one thing - at least minimal care.

Thick Chickpea Soup with Vegetables and Egg is a simple recipe for a hearty first course inspired by Oriental cuisine. Similar thick soups are prepared in India, Morocco, countries South-East Asia. The tone is set by spices and seasonings - garlic, chili, ginger and a bouquet of spicy spices, which can be assembled to your liking. It is better to fry vegetables and spices in melted butter (ghee) or mix olive oil and butter, it's certainly not the same, but similar in taste.

Plum - well, who does not know her ?! She is loved by many gardeners. And all because it has an impressive list of varieties, it surprises excellent harvests, pleases with its variety in terms of ripening and a huge selection of color, shape and taste of fruits. Yes, somewhere she feels better, somewhere worse, but almost no summer resident refuses to grow her on her plot. Today it can be found not only in the south, in middle lane, but also in the Urals, in Siberia.

Many decorative and fruit crops, except drought-resistant, suffer from scorching sun, and conifers in the winter-spring period - from the sun's rays, enhanced by reflection from the snow. In this article we will talk about a unique preparation for protecting plants from sunburn and droughts - Sunshet Agrosuccess. The problem is relevant for most regions of Russia. In February and early March, the sun's rays become more active, and the plants are not yet ready for new conditions.

“Each vegetable has its own time”, and each plant has its own optimal time for landing. Anyone who has experienced planting is well aware that the hot season for planting is spring and autumn. This is due to several factors: in spring, the plants have not yet started to grow rapidly, there is no sweltering heat, and precipitation often falls. However, no matter how hard we try, circumstances often develop in such a way that landings have to be carried out at the very height of summer.

Chile con carne translated from Spanish- chili with meat. This is a Texan and Mexican dish whose main ingredients are chili peppers and minced beef. In addition to the main products, there are onions, carrots, tomatoes, and beans. This red lentil chili recipe is delicious! The dish is fiery, burning, very satisfying and amazingly tasty! You can cook a large pot, arrange in containers and freeze - a whole week will be a delicious dinner.

Cucumber is one of the most beloved garden crops of our summer residents. However, not all and not always gardeners manage to get a really good harvest. And although growing cucumbers requires regular attention and care, there is a little secret that will significantly increase their yield. It's about pinching cucumbers. Why, how and when to pinch cucumbers, we will tell in the article. An important point The agricultural technique of cucumbers is their formation, or type of growth.

A dangerous fungal disease that can harm plants and completely destroy the crop.

How to protect plants from it?

Powdery mildew is caused by various types of microscopic powdery mildew fungi. It usually affects plants in warm, humid weather at + 18 ... + 25 degrees. The fungus actively develops at high humidity on a dry surface of tissues in dry weather, without precipitation.

At high average daily temperatures develops under conditions low humidity air.

Spores do not need liquid moisture to germinate, so rain, watering, and washing the leaves can stop the spread of the disease.

Powdery mildew affects many crops. The symptoms of the disease (as the principles of dealing with it) are the same in each case. Each of the pathogens specializes in only one or a few plant species. Therefore, you should not be afraid that powdery mildew of oak will migrate to phloxes, gooseberries and cucumbers.

What is dangerous powdery mildew

Powdery mildew always appears on young plant tissues - leaves, green shoots, petioles, green berries. Further development of the disease leads to a deterioration in decorativeness, poor winter hardiness, and in berry bushes- crop loss.

The mycelium, which looks like a thick cobweb, grows rapidly, the spores easily scatter in the form of a white powder, similar to flour. With the development of powdery mildew during flowering, normal pollination does not occur, so the berries are formed ugly, covered with bloom, acquire a mushroom taste and smell.

The concentration of spores in the air and the risk of infection of plants from spring to mid-years is constantly increasing. However, in most plants, by this time the leaves are covered with a protective wax coating - cuticola, and it becomes difficult for fungi to infiltrate living tissue. If timely measures are taken, the disease can be stopped. The infection persists in plant debris and in the root of the affected shoots.

Powdery mildew prevention

• Mixed planting of unstable crops (phlox, roses, delphinium), refusal to grow monoculture in one place.
• Creating conditions for plants for free air circulation. Be sure to break out the extra shoots, garter.
• Timely removal of shoots with signs of disease, plant debris, fallen leaves.
• Deep tillage for annual flower and horticultural crops, as well as in the aisles.
• Balanced supplements. From the second half of summer - a decrease in the dose of nitrogen fertilizers. During an outbreak of powdery mildew activity (as a rule, the end of June - the beginning of July), it is better to feed the plants with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, foliar microelements, and add wood ash.
• Regular watering, sprinkling of leaves and crowns can weaken and even stop the disease. Leaf resistance decreases in drought or due to lack of watering (for example, caragana, common barberry, maple get sick faster on sandy soil with a lack of moisture).
• Preventive autumn and early spring tillage in near-stem circles with copper-containing preparations.
• Selection of resistant varieties.
• Before flowering and immediately after harvesting, spraying plantings with a soap-copper emulsion (20 g of soap and copper sulfate per 10 liters of water).
• On the initial stage powdery mildew damage on shrubs and roses helps ash perfectly: the bush is sprayed with water, powdered with ash, after a couple of hours the plant is again thoroughly washed with water.
• ! During the ripening period of berries, do not use chemicals. Potassium permanganate (5g per 10 liters of water) - let it be for a couple of days, but stop the disease just before ripening.

Control measures

To combat powdery mildew, sulfur preparations have been very effective and have long been used. In a fine dispersed form, sulfur is absorbed by the cells of the fungus and, turning into hydrogen sulfide, acts on them as a toxin. Before the leaves open, treat the plant with Thiovit Jet or Cumulus DF. Treat bushes with sulfur-containing preparations in the morning or evening hours, as hot weather can cause burns on leaves and berries. Good for the prevention of "Talendo" and "Karatan".

The development of powdery mildew can be suppressed by spraying plants with special preparations based on triazoles (Topaz, Horus, Skor), before treatment, diseased leaves are preliminarily removed.

The easiest way to deal with powdery mildew- a weak solution of urea. You need to spray in the evening after sunset on the lower and upper sides of the leaves.

Repeated spraying with fungicides is carried out after 10-14 days. For greater effectiveness, it is recommended to alternate drugs. Pay special attention to clipped hedges and plants at risk.

Folk remedies for the fight against powdery mildew

1. 10% water solution milk or (to save) whey - spray grapes once a week and fruit bushes. Milk fat, or possibly whey protein, then serves as food for microorganisms that compete with powdery mildew for space and eat its spores.

2. Daily infusion of ash(half a bucket of ash per 7 liters of water). Before spraying, dilute with water (1:1) and add 100 g of "green soap" as an adhesive. Pour the bushes from a watering can, wetting the leaves and clusters well. Some colleagues do not insist on ashes, but boil for 20 minutes.

3. Concentrate of saprophytic microflora. In the spring, pour 1/3 of the sown humus into a 100 l barrel, fill it with warm (+20 ... + 25 degrees) water, cover with burlap and keep warm for 5-6 days, constantly stirring. After 5-6 days, the concentrate is filtered through cheesecloth and poured into a sprayer. For prevention plants are treated in the "green cone" stage on cloudy days or in the evening. The second processing - in a week, one more - before flowering.

Powdery mildew on houseplants is manifested due to different problems. If there is no culture external signs diseases, it is quite difficult to find out whether she is ill or not. To get healthy plants, you need to fully prepare the soil and seeds for planting, follow all aspects of care. Only in this case, indoor flowers and other plantings are rarely affected by infections and have strong immunity.

What is powdery mildew

All gardeners know diseases garden plantings, shrubs and house flowers. Many struggle with them annually, someone manages to defeat pests in a few weeks. Unfortunately, garden owners often encounter a plant disease - powdery mildew (other names are ash, white, flour).

She strikes garden trees, shrubs, vegetables (zucchini, squash, cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, pumpkins), as well as many flowers, even indoor ones (oidium, phlox). To protect at home from this scourge, 3 methods were invented: with the help of folk remedies, biofungicides and fungicides. How to use each method and avoid infection - read on.

Powdery mildew is a lightning-fast spreading disease that is the vital activity of various types of microscopic fungi. A white coating appears on the leaves of infected plants, resembling flour or mold (mycelium), and then droplets of liquid.

How to recognize and what provokes?

If you see a gray-white coating that can be mistaken for dust and even easily removed with a finger, but at the same time it will reappear after a few days, hitting another large area, then powdery mildew is in front of you. If you look very carefully, you may notice that ulcers have formed at the site of the lesion. Soon the stem and peduncles will turn white, they will acquire yellow tint and lose elasticity. New ones grow ugly and twisted.

What causes? White plaque, similar in appearance to flour or mold, is a mycelium that lives off the host's nutrients. Her spores are dark brown balls.

Pathogens - different kinds imperfect mushrooms such as:

• Sphaerotheca mors affects gooseberries. Bacteria attack not only leaves, but also berries. The ashtray quickly moves from one bush to another.
• Sphaerotheca fuliginea - pumpkin. The yield of this crop falls by 50 percent. The quality of pumpkins and zucchini also suffers.
• Erysiphe graminis is a threat to grain.
• Sphaerotheca pannosa - roses. shrub loses decorative look. Leaves and buds stop growing. The tormentor can lead to the death of the plant.

If you do not take measures to destroy the infection, then complete damage to the stems, up to death, is possible.

Powdery mildew appears in early summer. When the spores are released from the overwintered fungus, infection begins. Spores can live in the soil for a long time, they begin their reproduction when the weather is favorable for them.

Causes

The ashtray appears due to many factors:

• Cool weather (+15-25 degrees), excessive humidity 60-80%, rainy season. Most weather affect street and balcony seedlings.
• The soil is oversaturated with nitrogen.
• Seedlings planted too densely.
• Humidity is broken. Excessive or rare watering are the right prerequisites for reducing the immunity of the seedling, the appearance of flour.

To avoid infection of plants, the above errors in care and cultivation should be corrected.

How does powdery mildew spread?

There are 2 main modes of transmission of bacteria:

• Asexual way. Reproduction in this way occurs due to conidia. It is because of the motionless spores, which got their name from the Greek konia - dust and eidos - view, that they can be seen on the affected areas, which look like a whitish coating. They are easily separated from each other, the wind takes them to a decent distance. Thus, all new shoots are infected throughout the summer.
• Sexual reproduction by cleistothecia. This is the name of the fruiting body of the fungus, consisting of hyphae and containing millions of spores, each of which contains up to 8 ascopores. Cleistothecia calmly endure the winter on fallen plant waste, waiting for spring and suitable conditions for reproduction.

At a spring temperature of +15 degrees, only 5 days pass from the moment of infection to the formation of conidia.

The yield is reduced by 50%. Cucumbers grown in greenhouses where there are drafts and poor lighting are most susceptible to the disease. The first foci are born near the windows and doors. Not only whole lashes, but also all planted seedlings can die from the disease.

Do not overfeed seedlings with nitrogen-containing fertilizers during bud set. On the contrary, top dressing with potash and phosphorus agents will reduce the risk of damage by ash.

On gooseberries and currants, the disease is noticeable due to twisted shoots that lag behind in growth, they become ugly, then dry out. On gooseberries, berries are also affected. At first, white spots appear on them, darkening over time. The fruits stop growing, shrivel, sometimes fall off. To destroy the mycelium, the affected ends of the shoots should be cut.

Fertilizing with organic and phosphate fertilizers is effective. During flowering and after harvest, diseased plantings are treated with fungicides. It is useful to irrigate the bushes in the spring blue vitriol(10 grams per ten-liter bucket), 1% Bordeaux liquid, after flowering - soda ash (2 treatments after 10 days).

When an apple tree is damaged, leaves and young shoots suffer. They also stop growing, curl up and fall off. Most often, the disease covers old, unpruned trees. The ashtray strikes elevated organs in raspberries, strawberries and rose hips. The leaves curl, their underside is exposed, over time it becomes a bronze hue. On the berries you can notice a slight coating, they smell specifically of mushrooms.

To protect tomatoes from infection, seedlings are treated with sodium humate. It completely prevents the germination of mycelium. To protect against pest fungi, a 1% solution of Baktofit helps well. They should spray tomatoes three times with an interval of 7-10 days at the first appearance of signs of damage. Also treated with fungicides. For better adhesion of the preparations to the leaves and shoots, a little laundry soap or silicate glue is added to the sprayer.

Prevention for zucchini is advised to carry out in early spring nitrofen solution. If a white coating appears, cut off and burn the diseased parts, dig the soil around the bush. It should be treated three times in 7-10 days. Strawberries can be saved if they are not allowed to grow too densely, thinning and planting out in a timely manner. When spraying, make sure that the drug gets not only on the surface, but also on the entire bush from all sides.

flower treatment

To prevent infection of outdoor, indoor flowering crops, use preventive measures:

• regularly inspect the plantings;
• follow the recommendations when landing (choose correct distance between the bushes, a properly lit area, plant on an area protected from drafts);
• remove weeds in a timely manner;
• do not use nitrogen for fertilizers, choose organic top dressing;
• for prevention, spray with special compounds;
• in the fall, remove dried plant waste, dig deep near the trunk circles;
• choose varieties that are immune to ashtray.

For confrontation with white bloom on indoor flowers, fungicides are used. Shed any a similar drug soil, also the walls of the pot. If the flower is severely affected, you need to remove upper layer substrate contaminated with fungal mycelium and replace it with fresh, disinfected soil. Most effective method- pour the healing liquid into the basin and completely dip the greens into it, pour the earth abundantly.

How to use fungicides and biofungicides?

Timely and correct application chemical measures against ashtray effectively. Chemical preparations are sold in specialized stores and the price is quite low. For convenience, sprayers are used. When working, it is recommended to observe safety measures: carry out the procedure in a respirator and gloves.

The most commonly used fungicides are:

1. 1. Copper sulfate. Only one treatment is possible per season - in early spring. To make a mixture, 50 g of the substance is diluted in 10 liters of water. To prepare the most effective remedy 35 g of vitriol are added to 500 ml of boiling water, 150-200 g of soap chips are mixed separately in 10 liters. Then slowly and carefully pour the resulting liquid into the soap substrate, stirring constantly.
2. 2. Thiovid Jet. Acquire for the treatment of pears, apple trees, cucumbers, grapes.
3. 3. Fundazol. Unfortunately, it is not sold in small packages, it is produced in bags from 5 to 20 kg. Soil watering is recommended, especially in infected violets.
4. 4. Topaz. Produced for the prevention and treatment of flour.
5. 5. Colloidal sulfur. Suitable for processing different types crops, shrubs and trees. A special difference between this fungicide and others is that it can be sprayed 3 days before harvest. But it is not recommended to sprinkle sulfur on gooseberries. With caution - on watermelons, zucchini, melons, cucumbers and pumpkins, as these plants do not tolerate the effects of sulfur. Spray strictly at an air temperature of + 27-32 degrees, otherwise there will be no effect.
6. 6. Also popular are Zato, Forecast, Topsin-M, Tilt and Quadris.

As part of biofungicides - live bacteria that can eliminate the development of infection that accumulates on plants.

Biofungicides are environmentally friendly, so they are used even during the ripening of the crop. Their effectiveness is lower than when using chemicals - their action is not long-lasting. They should be used repeatedly. Most often, Fitosporin, Pseudobacterin-2 and Alirin-B are used.

The fight against powdery mildew folk remedies

Prepared decoctions and infusions from the ingredients that are in almost every home not only help well, but are completely non-toxic. On the initial stage manifestations of powdery mildew, it is recommended to try to cure the culture with safe methods and drugs.

How to deal with underwear on cucumbers and tomatoes

Before spraying, you need to remove diseased areas of the bush, burn plant waste. You can achieve a good result after dusting cucumbers with sulfur powder (it will take 25-30 g per 10 square meters) or colloidal sulfur (25-30 grams diluted in a bucket of water). It is also useful to water cucumbers with mullein (cow dung).

To prevent the appearance of the disease on the bushes, seeds for seedlings are soaked in a solution of Epin or Immunocytophyte for 42 hours. When planting sprouts in a greenhouse, they monitor soil moisture, do not allow drafts and sudden changes in temperature. Timely open and close windows and doors, observe the irrigation regime. Already affected tomatoes can be sprayed with 10% whey, ash solution or reverse.

Treatment of zucchini, eggplant and berry crops

Folk decoctions are used every other day. It is better to carry out the treatment in the evening, on days without precipitation, with water with the addition of soda ash or mullein, as well as an ash pan (water with ash).

Dusting with sulfur, an emulsion with soda, ash water, whey, even kefir or yogurt, a weak solution of manganese, a decoction of horsetail, tansy, an infusion of rotten hay, and onion peel is well suited for the treatment of currants. Do not forget to carry out disinfecting pruning every autumn and spring.

Saving apple and cherry trees

The most effective way is to treat trees with soda ash with laundry soap(for better adhesion of the product) or colloidal sulfur every 3-4 days (in rainy weather, more often) until complete recovery.

Folk recipes for the fight against powdery mildew:

• Soap and soda solution is a fairly common lifesaver, as every gardener has the ingredients. For cooking, take 10 liters of plain water, add and dilute 50 grams of baking soda or soda ash and 20 grams of grated soap (it’s easier to add liquid). Irrigate the plantings with the resulting mixture at least twice with an interval of seven days.
• Milk serum. It will take 10 liters of water and whey in a volume of one liter. The main substance is added to water, stirred well and treated three times a day with a three-day interval. Spraying is recommended in dry weather.
• Mix with kefir. If there is 1 liter of fermented yogurt or kefir, then consider the means to combat ashpel is almost ready. Pour in fermented milk product in a ten-liter bucket of water. The resulting mixture must be processed every 3 days.
• Decoction using field horsetail. 100 g of the plant should be filled with water in the amount of 1 liter and infused for one day. Then the broth is boiled for 2 hours over low heat. After it has cooled, it must be diluted with water in a ratio of 1 to 5. It will be enough to spray 3-4 times with a five-day interval. Undiluted decoction can be stored in a dark and cool place for no longer than a week.

Mixtures and infusions from the fungus

A mixture of mustard and water: for cooking you will need 2 tablespoons of mustard and 10 liters of moisture. The product can be both sprayed and watered.

A solution of potassium permanganate: pour 5 g of potassium permanganate into 10 liters of water. Manganese helps to stop the development of the disease and washes away the pores of fungi.

Ash pan: 1 kg wood ash diluted with water in a volume of 10 liters, stir and infuse for a week. Then it must be carefully drained and add 20 g of grated or liquid soap. In a bucket where particles of ash remain, you can add water and water.

To prepare a medicinal mixture, you will need one part of manure and three waters. All components are mixed and kept indoors for 3-5 days. Then the excess moisture is drained and another 3 parts of water are added. The feeding procedure is done until the powdery mildew disappears.

Broth with garlic: take 50 grams of chopped product, add to a deep container and pour water. Insist 2 days, filter before use. This tincture should be used undiluted.

Onion infusion: to begin with, boil 10 liters of water, pour 200 g of husks with boiling water. They insist for two days.

Iodine: 1 ml of iodine is diluted in 1 liter of water. For spraying roses, a more concentrated liquid is prepared - for 400 ml 1 ml of iodine. The remedy is effective at the first signs of the disease. For the treatment of severe lesions, it is advised to use strong drugs.

We hope that these methods will help prevent infection, timely choose an effective way to treat your plants from an unpleasant pest. But do not forget about prevention. Good yield!