When to feed fruit trees in spring. How and what is fertilizing fruit trees and shrubs in spring

Garden care includes tillage, watering and fertilizing fruit trees. Let's talk about what and how to most productively feed trees and.

Top dressing with organic fertilizers

Top dressing with organic fertilizers includes the use of chicken manure as a fertilizer, which is available in home gardening, it must be diluted with water: for 10 buckets of water, one bucket of manure and when watering, the manure must be thoroughly mixed. It is better if chicken manure, fresh slurry, is poured into tubs in summer, diluted with water and kept until fermented, and then used as fertilizer. Before applying, it is good to add superphosphate and potassium salt, 50-100 g each, but not more, per bucket of solution and mix thoroughly.

If a nitrogen, which is rich in manure and slurry, promotes vigorous tree growth, then phosphorus and potassium are needed for increased fruiting and better wood maturation. This is especially important in foothill and mountainous regions. However, if the garden is located on a powerful black soil, provided with water, then manure can not be applied, but fed only with superphosphate and potassium salt.

How to fertilize correctly

To fertilize properly and in order for this to give maximum benefit, it is necessary around the tree, within the radius of the crown, to make 6-10 holes in the ground with a crowbar 60-70 cm deep and pour 150-200 g of superphosphate into each of them. In between holes with superphosphate, the same number of holes are made and potash fertilizer, mixed in half with the ground, is introduced into them. Such top dressing of the garden can be done only with the beginning of fruiting, and then every 2-3 years. In the gardens of arid regions should be applied more manure, less superphosphate and even less potassium salt. You can generally refuse this fertilizer.

AT young age trees are less responsive to fertilizers. Therefore, they give a smaller increase in growth compared to an older garden, which is entering the time of fruiting. But to create a healthy, durable tree with a well-developed crown, it is necessary to provide it with all the conditions for good growth and development from the moment of planting and throughout life.

Dosage of fertilizers

Different types of trees relate differently to the types of fertilizers applied. and prefer manure, - mineral fertilizers. Dosage of applied fertilizers will be different for each region and even for each individual garden, depending on the soil and the stock of certain nutrients.

The Institute of Horticulture named after I. V. Michurin for the southern fruit zone recommends the fertilizer application rates shown in Table No. 1.

Manure, phosphorus and potash mineral fertilizers, as well as 1/3 of nitrogen fertilizers are applied for digging the soil. The remaining 2/3 of the nitrogen fertilizer in the form of top dressing before soil hoeing is applied:

• in young gardens - in early spring and during the period of increased growth of shoots.
• in fruit-bearing - in early spring or after flowering, as well as at the time of shedding the excess ovary.

Slurry, animal urine, and bird droppings are also used to feed trees.

Soil Fertilization Precautions

There are some soil fertilization precautions. Fertilizers should not be applied to the soil at random and when necessary. From such a "nutrition" to the plant, there will be more harm than good. When checking the soil of one of the garden plots the presence of nitrogen in the soil was found to be five times more than the norm, and phosphorus and potassium - 3 times. In this area you can get a good harvest. only after washing the soil. When analyzing the water of the stream flowing through the territory of this horticultural collective in the autumn of the same year, nutrients were found in it near the norm, and in some areas even more than the norm.

Many gardeners strive to apply as much fertilizer as possible, and even as strong as chicken manure. At the same time, they do not take into account the fact that plants can absorb fertilizers only in solutions, the suction zone of the roots, when the fertilizer concentration does not exceed 1%. At foliar top dressing, by spraying the leaves, the solution should be no more than 0.5%, i.e. 50g of active ingredient per bucket of water. At a higher concentration of the solution, gentle the suction hairs of the roots will get burned, and the plant will stop growing for at least two weeks. It is possible and necessary to use chicken manure, but before that it must be poured into a barrel (a bucket for 100 liters of water), let it ferment; and then dilute one liter of the solution in a bucket of water. Only after that proceed with the application, and then only if you know which and when to water the plant, what is the norm, and they can be different. Remember: you can not apply nitrogen fertilizers, even in the form of a solution, after July. In this case, the plants will begin to grow actively and will not have time to complete growth before frost. And here phosphorus and potassium supplements in this period will contribute to the formation of flower buds, better maturation of wood.

Top dressing with complete fertilizer

Fertilizing gives good results, especially complete fertilizer, which, as is known, is humus, or well-rotted manure, or compost with the addition of mineral fertilizers. Apply to soil complete fertilizer necessary before planting trees. After 2-3 years, depending on the provision of the site with water, it can be repeated. Compost is made from organic plant residues and food waste. They must be piled in heaps and covered with earth, not allowing to dry out. It is useful to add superphosphate to the compost. It can be used after complete overheating.

Feeding trees and shrubs in spring is one of the components high yield. It should be produced taking into account the age of the plantations, the quality of the soil and the availability of irrigation. Three whales of fertilizers for fruit bushes and trees are potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus.

Types of fertilizers

Top dressing of trees and shrubs in early spring is carried out either with mineral or organic substances.

They are divided into simple and complex. The difference between them is how many components are included in their composition. If one, then these are simple mineral fertilizers, two or more are complex. They are also divided into groups according to the main component in the composition - nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

basis organic fertilizers is rotten organic matter - manure, manure, compost and green manure.

Top dressing with nitrogen fertilizers

Top dressing and shrubs in early spring with mineral fertilizers requires a careful approach. The main thing in this type of fertilizer is the measure, otherwise you can harm not only the plant, but also the earth and people.

Nitrogen fertilizers include:

• This substance acidifies the soil and does not dissolve well in it, so it is better to apply it in the fall. To improve the properties, you can add 1.5 kg of lime to 1 kg of ammonium sulfate.
• Ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate) is an instant substance. The action is fast and effective on non-acidic soils. Plants absorb it well and react to it. If the soil itself is acidified, then it is better to dilute ammonium nitrate with limestone flour in a 1: 1 ratio. This will neutralize the acidity. This type of fertilizer can be applied both in spring and autumn at the rate of 150-200 kg per hectare, if this is the main component, and 100-150 kg per hectare in the form of top dressing.
• Another one effective top dressing trees and shrubs in the spring - urea (urea). This fertilizer is highly concentrated and very effective in increasing yields. It can be applied directly under the rhizomes of fruit bushes and trees at the time of loosening the soil or through watering, if used liquid form concentrate.

The main requirement that should be observed when using nitrogen fertilizers is compliance with the instructions for use, proper dosing and safety precautions during storage and application to the soil.

Top dressing with phosphorus and potash fertilizers

Phosphorus and potash fertilizers help plants adapt to external environment, make them frost-resistant and strong. They also affect the quantity and quality of the crop.

Phosphorus fertilizers should be applied deeper into the ground, as they are poorly absorbed, and it is recommended to do this in early spring when digging the soil for the first time. The most popular phosphorus additives are superphosphate (which is based on sulfur, gypsum) and phosphorus flour, which is used on acidic soils.

Superphosphate is in greater demand because of its rapid absorption by the roots of trees and shrubs. When planting seedlings, it is enough to add from 400 to 600 g of superphosphate to each planting hole. For adults, the feeding rate is 40-60 g per 1 m 2 of the trunk circle.

Property phosphate fertilizers- This fast growth plants and the development of a powerful root system. You can also note the qualitative changes in the taste of berries and fruits and the amount of the crop.

It is better not to use potash fertilizers in their pure form, but dilute them with zinc, iron or nitrogen substances. The most popular type of potash fertilizer is potassium sulphate, which does not contain chlorine and sodium harmful to plants.

Feeding trees and shrubs in spring with potash fertilizers ensures a good harvest. The lack of potassium in the soil affects the size of the fruits and their taste. Potassium sulphate can be applied to any type of soil at a dosage for top dressing of 20-25 g per 1 m 2. The best effect is given by a mixture of phosphate fertilizers with potash fertilizers.

Top dressing of seedlings

The quantity and quality of fertilizers depends solely on the composition of the soil, but top dressing garden trees and shrubs in the spring, especially before planting seedlings, is required.

The presence of phosphorus in the soil is especially important for seedlings, since it is he who affects their growth and rapid adaptation. Phosphorus-potassium fertilizers should be laid before the seedlings are planted.

It is best to do this in a layer deeper than the hole, under a tree or bush. It is also important that fertilizers are immediately incorporated into in large numbers, for several years. Fertilizing trees and shrubs with phosphorus in spring is important only for young trees, as it stimulates their rapid growth.

Other fertilizers for trees younger than two years old can be omitted only if the soil has not previously been completely depleted. Otherwise, it should first be carefully fertilized and restored, and only then lay the garden.

Feeding with organic matter

Organic fertilizers are natural and natural for trees and shrubs. They began to be used long before the chemical industry appeared. They enrich and improve the composition of the soil without harm to it.

Fertilizing trees and shrubs in spring with manure is the most common procedure for summer residents. It is the most accessible and cheap look top dressing with full set needed by plants components - boron, manganese, cobalt, copper and molybdenum. The best for feeding trees and shrubs is considered horse dung and bird droppings. They are the most complete with essential trace elements for plant growth and high yields. Most often, a liquid form of fertilizing fruit and berry crops is used.

To obtain a solution, any container is half filled with manure, and poured with water on top, after which they should be thoroughly mixed. After a month, the resulting mixture can be used at the rate of 1 liter per 6-8 liters of water. If the soil is dry, then the solution should be made more liquid. A thicker fertilizer composition is applied to moist soil.

If it is planned to fertilize fruit trees and shrubs in April, then, accordingly, a solution should be laid in March.

Top dressing with compost

Peat and humus are types of organic fertilizers that can be used both independently and in the form of compost. Compost is made from manure, peat or various waste - food or fallen leaves and tops. These are fermented plant residues, which were artificially prepared during the year. To do this, you need to choose a place that does not flood with water, and put all the components mixed with the ground there.

As the compost heap grows, it should be moistened so that rotting takes place more intensively. It is recommended to cover the compost with a black film, which does not allow moisture to evaporate and at the same time attracts the heat of the sun. For better decay vegetable waste and manure can be sprinkled with layers of slaked lime, and in order to have access to oxygen, layers of branches and straw are used, which allow the compost to “breathe”.

The finished composition can be used after 1-2 years. This is the purest and most useful fertilizer, which has a great effect on both the plants themselves and the ground.

Feeding stone fruit trees

For the qualitative development and growth of stone fruit trees, it is extremely important good food. Fertilizing fruit trees and shrubs in March is the key to a good harvest, as this helps plants to quickly move away from hibernation.

It is very convenient to give the first portion of fertilizer when there is still snow under the trees. As it melts useful material will enter the soil and feed the roots. If the stone tree is young, then it is better to start top dressing in the 2nd year of its growth. To do this, it is enough to use urea at the rate of 20 g / 1 m 2. It should only be applied in the spring. In autumn, phosphorus-potassium fertilizers can be added.

When stone fruit trees- cherry, plum, apricot and others - enter the fruiting season, up to 10 kg of manure or compost, 20-25 g of urea, 60 g of simple or 30 g of double superphosphate and 200 g of wood ash should be applied per square meter.

Feeding pome trees

For seed trees the best fertilizer in April there will be nitrogen substances that stimulate the growth of their shoots. If the tree gives a weak harvest, then it is additionally recommended to add urea in the ratio of 5 g / 1 m 2 of the near-stem circle. For adult trees, top dressing is carried out around the perimeter of the entire crown.

It is very useful to use the aisles in the garden for sowing cultivated grasses such as meadow fescue and others. They should be mowed as they grow and left under the trees. In this case, you can not fertilize the garden with organic matter, but add only mineral fertilizers.

Fertilizing berry bushes

For the berry-picker to give good harvests, the land should be prepared and fertilized in advance. For example, black currants need moist places, while raspberries, red currants and gooseberries need well-lit, warm areas of the garden.

Bookmarking the soil fertilizers should be done plentifully. Manure, humus or compost is applied at the rate of 500 kg per 100 m 2. From mineral fertilizers berry crops phosphorus and potassium are suitable.

If the laying of the berry was carried out correctly, then the next couple of years, you can significantly reduce the top dressing of the soil.

Harvested, warm ends summer days. It's time to start processing fruits and vegetables, storing them. It will take a maximum of a week, and then back to the garden to help fruit trees and shrubs prepare for winter.

Feeding fruit trees in autumn milestone garden work, because trees grow in one place for many years and annually take nutrients from the soil, the lack of which can affect productivity, immunity and appearance plants.

Held autumn events after fruiting after 2 weeks, when the flow of juices stops and you can at the same time carry out sanitary pruning, pest control measures, whitewashing or wrapping orchard for the winter.

What fertilizer to use

Inveterate gardeners do not waste anything, so fertilizers for fruit trees and shrubs in the fall can be found here - on the site.

This is a useful organic matter that does not allow the earth to deplete. Unused fruit rots right under the trees, feeding on soil bacteria that create humus, the main substance that affects soil fertility.

Unfortunately, such autumn fertilizers for the garden and vegetable garden are not enough. So that the trees do not get sick, they must be provided with a full range of nutrients: nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. Potassium-phosphorus autumn dressings in the garden are good, but you need to be more careful with nitrogen.

organic fertilizers

The possibility of increasing the thickness of the fertile layer gives the autumn feeding of fruit trees with organic substances. How does this happen:

• Nutrients enter the soil, where soil bacteria and earthworms begin to eat them.

• Due to rains, unprocessed residues sink to the lower layers. Accordingly, microorganisms move for food deep into the soil, where they leave the products of their vital activity.

The more organic matter in the soil, the better it holds moisture and the more nutritious it is for plants. What to use and how to fertilize fruit trees in the fall:

• wood ash;

• manure, humus;

• chicken manure;

• compost;

• green manure.

Wood ash is considered autumn fertilizer for fruit trees and bushes. It has no nitrogen, only potassium, phosphorus and calcium. This is all that fruit trees are fed in August-September. In addition to the main nutrients, plant residues contain microdoses of substances that affect the plant's immunity: boron, zinc, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese and others.

In order to stock up on a sufficient amount of ash, it is necessary to collect it after burning leaves, branches, unnecessary bark and store it in a dry place, closed from moisture.

In order to properly apply the ash fertilizer and ensure the assimilation by the trees, you must first water the soil. But autumn watering is not 2 - 3 buckets. Depending on the age of the tree and the size of its crown, it may take 200 - 250 liters of water for each. So that the water is well absorbed and does not spill over the site, the soil around the trunk is dug up.

At the same time they bring in ash - 200 g per square meter. This is followed by abundant watering and mulching, which reduces evaporation and warms the roots of the trees. Especially useful for autumn top dressing of young, newly transplanted plants.

Fertilizing fruit trees in autumn is carried out with rotted manure. Fresh is not used in any autumn period, nor in the spring. It contains a lot of active ammonia, which in a matter of days will damage the roots of trees, and destroy seedlings. In the garden, one or two years old manure is used.

It is not recommended to keep more, as the substance loses its beneficial properties. Manure is evenly distributed over the trunk circle and dug to a depth of 30 cm, then watered large quantity water, as already described. About 6 kg of manure is needed per square meter.

With chicken manure, which has lain for at least a year, do the same. You can make a solution: pour a third of a bucket of litter with water and leave for a week. Dig up the trunk circle, pour out the solution and pour water on top. bird droppings more nutritious so enough 3 - 4 kg per square meter.

Recently, manure has been replaced with green manure. In terms of nutritional value, they are in no way inferior to animal organics, but much easier and cheaper to use. Plant residues contain a full range of nutrients: nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus.

Video: How to feed fruit trees in the fall

Nitrogen in green manure until complete dissolution and decay is not available to plants, therefore it is safe in autumn. Siderates are handled as follows:

• They are cut off from the garden and transferred under fruit trees.

• Dig with soil and water. From above, to accelerate decay, you can lay a mulch of leaves or straw.

You can sow several types of green manure plants directly under the trees and do not cut them for the winter. In the cold season, the plants will die and by spring they will be partially decomposed by soil microorganisms. The layer of green manure must be at least 15 cm.

If the farm has a compost heap and the gardener practices composting, this is the safest and most reliable way than to feed fruit trees and shrubs in the fall. Compost ripening takes a long time - a year or a half. Consists of a mixture of animals and plant residues, kitchen waste, garden soil. After maturation, the mixture has a black saturated color with the smell of the earth.

next two years you can either not feed the plants at all, or use mineral mixtures, which will be discussed in the next section.

Mineral mixtures for feeding the garden in autumn

How to feed trees and shrubs in the fall, so as not to harm: you must follow the same principle by which organic matter is used. Do not use mineral nitrogen. It dissolves quickly and is absorbed by plants, unlike organic.

The most popular are:

• superphosphate to support the root system and strengthen it - 50 g per square meter;

• potassium sulfate or potassium sulfate - 40 g per square;

• potassium chloride;

• phosphate rock.

Usually gardeners simply scatter the granules on the ground and water. Phosphorus is inactive in the soil, so it does not move to the lower layers in winter. Superphosphates are applied with potash fertilizers, since these elements interact well and are more effective in pairs than separately.

You can choose mixtures for fertilizing trees in autumn at a garden store. There are special "autumn" mixtures, where nitrogen is either completely absent or present in minimal concentrations. The proportions of substances are given in the instructions.

In autumn, you can use potassium chloride, which not all plants like. But during the winter period, active chlorine is weathered and neutralized. In the spring, such fertilizers are not used, since chlorine inhibits vegetative organs resulting in delayed growth and flowering.

Once every 3-4 years you can use phosphate rock, which is considered a long-acting autumn fertilizer for the garden. Minerals need time and soil acids to dissolve, so autumn top dressing is preferable.

In the next 3 years it will be necessary to use only potash and nitrogen fertilizers in the spring, not counting organic matter. Before making phosphorite flour, it is impossible to lime the soil, because phosphorus does not dissolve in an alkaline environment, and plants will develop poorly and bear fruit worse.

Foliar top dressing of trees in autumn

Copper sulfate, which is used to process and feed trees in the fall, is a generally recognized tool for pest control and maintaining plant immunity. The main trace element is copper. In autumn, more concentrated solutions are used to spray plants in the garden. In the spring, you need to have time to process the garden before the buds open, that is, until the movement of juices begins.

Ferrous vitriol is used for spraying and fertilizing fruit trees and shrubs in autumn. It effectively destroys spores of the fungus, as well as moss and lichens on the bark. This drug does not protect against bacterial infection. When working with toxic substances, wear protective equipment and goggles.

When caring for a young garden good development and the fruiting of fruit trees cannot be achieved without the systematic use of fertilizers, especially in the regions of the non-chernozem zone.

For successful growth trees in young garden , accelerating their entry into the time of fruiting and creating conditions for further high and regular yields great importance It has fertilizer application. Best Results shows the combined application of organic and mineral fertilizers.

The use of organic fertilizers in the care of a young garden

Wide range of care applications young garden should get first organic fertilizers(manure, compost, peat, peat feces and others), which not only give needed by trees nutrients, but also improve the soil structure, destroyed by digging and frequent loosening.

Manure is brought in in the fall, for digging the soil, having previously scattered it evenly on the surface of the near-stem circle in the amount of 4-6 kilograms per 1 square meter. This will amount to 15-20 kilograms for one two-three-year-old tree, 30-40 kilograms for a five-six-year-old tree, and 50-70 kilograms for a seven-ten-year-old tree.

good action also has compost on fruit trees. Compost is prepared from household waste in specially arranged heaps. Compost heaps are a must for every household. Woody leaves, fallen needles, tops can be used to prepare compost. vegetable crops, weeds, rotten straw and chaff, soot, house debris, kitchen waste, road dust, etc.

The compost heap is made 1.5-2 meters wide (at the base), 1-1.5 meters high and of any length (depending on the amount of material). Lay it on a special cleared and rammed area. Tops, house debris and other household waste and weeds when laying in compost heap interspersed with soil. The soil layer should be 5-6 centimeters thick. Compost, so that it is always moderately moist, is watered from time to time or, even better, with slop or slurry. It is useful to add lime, crushed limestone and ash to the compost.

Once or twice a summer (after two or three months), the compost heap is thoroughly shoveled and laid again. Shoveling accelerates the decomposition of waste. When the compost turns into a homogeneous mass, it can be used for fertilizer. Norms, terms and depth of composting are the same as for manure.

Valuable fertilizer when caring for a young garden is "night gold" (faeces). It is better to mix it with peat, to prepare the so-called peat faeces. For this purpose, they take fine, well-decomposed peat, put it in a layer of 20 centimeters and pour it abundantly with liquid feces. After watering, a second layer of the same thickness is laid on the first layer of peat and also watered, and this is done until the pile reaches a height of 1.5 meters. After that, it is covered with peat and left to decompose.

Peat feces can also be prepared directly in cesspools- restrooms. To do this, peat is poured into the pit every two or three days and mixed with a pole with the contents of the pit. Peat feces is a very strong fertilizer: its application rate is two to three times lower than the rate of manure.

In areas where there is no peat, compost, manure and even ordinary soil are used to prepare fecal fertilizers.

When caring for a young garden, bird droppings should also be used. It is applied at 100-150 grams per 1 square meter of the trunk circle. But it is better to give this fertilizer in the form liquid feed in the first half of summer.

Good fertilizer - furnace ash, containing potassium, phosphorus and lime. Ashes are added at about 100-150 grams per 1 square meter (a glass of furnace ash weighs about 125 grams). Especially good results the use of ash gives on soddy-podzolic soils of the non-chernozem zone, lowering their acidity. In this case, the application rate of ash is increased by at least two to three times.

As a fertilizer, you can use pond, lake and river or decomposed garbage from landfills.

The use of mineral fertilizers for young garden care

If there are mineral fertilizers, then you need to use them.

They are divided into nitrogen (ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, montan nitrate), phosphoric (superphosphate, tomasslag, phosphate rock) and potassium (potassium salt 30- and 40% and potassium chloride). Nitrogen mineral fertilizers have a good effect on the growth of trees in most areas. Better everywhere is a complete mineral fertilizer, including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

Mineral fertilizers contribute at the rate of approximately 8-10 grams of the active ingredient of each type of fertilizer per 1 square meter. For example, ammonium sulphate (ammonium sulfate) contains 20 percent nitrogen. Therefore, 40-50 grams of ammonium sulfate must be added per 1 square meter.

In one glass, it will fit from 150 grams (superphosphate, ammonium sulfate) to 250 grams (potassium salt) mineral fertilizers.

The amount of mineral fertilizers that must be applied under one tree, depending on its age and the size of the trunk circle, is shown in the table.

Montane saltpeter is contributed by 20 percent, and ammonium nitrate 40 percent less than ammonium sulphate. Double superphosphate contribute two times less than usual.

Phosphorus and potash fertilizers, and partly nitrogen fertilizers, are applied in autumn, for deep digging. These fertilizers are best applied in granular form. Phosphorus and potash fertilizers can also be applied in liquid form in pockets into wells made with scrap, 30-40 centimeters deep; wells are made approximately two pieces per 1 square meter.
The main mass of nitrogen fertilizers (about two-thirds) is better to apply in the spring, during the first spring loosening.

Approximate amount of mineral fertilizers applied under one tree (in grams):

• With the combined use of mineral and organic fertilizers, their application rates are halved against those indicated.
• When mixing fertilizers, follow established rules. It is best to mix them just before applying to the soil.

Fertilizing fruit trees young garden care

Great value for at In the course of a young garden, fruit trees are fed, which is widely used by the foremost gardeners.

For top dressing, first of all, you need to use local organic fertilizers.: slurry, urine, fermented solutions of bird and cow droppings, etc. For liquid feeding, slurry and animal urine are diluted with 5 parts of water, and feces and bird droppings are diluted with 10-12 parts.

You can also feed fruit trees only with nitrogen or complete mineral fertilizer.

Mineral fertilizers when top dressing can be applied in liquid and dry form.. With dry soil, the near-trunk circles are pre-watered before top dressing. In case of fractional deposit, the specified average rate distributed into parts according to the number of top dressings: each time they make the appropriate part (half or third of the norm). The first top dressing is given in the spring, during bud break, the second - two or three weeks after the first, during increased shoot growth (in the central regions - in June), and the third - two to three weeks after the second.

Considering that nitrogen fertilizers, if applied untimely, cause a delay in growth, they should be fed only during spring and the first half of summer or late autumn.

It is necessary to fertilize the garden annually on poor soils and once every two or three years on the rest. In the first year after planting, they are limited to mulching. trunk circles manure, humus, compost, etc.

Podzolic soils, in addition, should still be limed. Lime or ground limestone is applied once every five to seven years, on average, 1.5 kilograms per 1 square meter. best time making lime is autumn.

Video: How and what to fertilize fruit trees

In this video, an expert will tell you about how to properly fertilize fruit trees and what exactly.

Video: Apple Orchard Technology

When caring for a young garden, it is necessary to ensure the survival of all planted fruit trees, create conditions for good growth of seedlings and build the correct tree crown, as well as ensure early entry of trees into the fruiting season.

With the beginning of spring, when all plants wake up after a long winter sleep, fruit trees and shrubs need to be fed. They need nitrogen, which will help the start of vegetative processes, will contribute not only to a good ovary, but also to the yield of fruit bushes.

How and with what they need to be fertilized, what are the features of the process, what recharges will favorably affect the crop - we will consider in detail.

What do you need to know about shrubs?

If you have private house or country cottage area, then you can’t do without fruit bushes. They will not only decorate the landscape on the site, but also give healthy, vitamin-rich berries. Moreover, for their cultivation of special skills and abilities is not required. main feature- take up little space, unpretentious, always in fashion. Among them there are such types:

• raspberry,
• currant,
• blackberry,
• gooseberry,
• edible honeysuckle,
• barberry,
• chokeberry (chokeberry),
• viburnum,
• irga,
• dogwood,
• sea ​​​​buckthorn,
• hazelnut,
• hazelnut (hazel),
• actinidia,
• fig,
• cranberry,
• lemongrass,
• rose hip.

Since berries help with many diseases, they are used not only raw, but also dried, frozen, in the form of jam.

Autumn - optimal time for planting, since it is easier to prepare the soil, as well as big choice planting material. But if in winter, due to climatic conditions, the soil freezes deeply, then it is better to plant in the spring.

In addition, caring for berry bushes includes not only watering, as inexperienced gardeners believe. Since the plants are perennial, their root system absorbs nutrients throughout the year. Fertilizers need to be applied not only in autumn, but also in spring. They should be both soil and foliar.

We choose top dressing in the spring!

Fertilizer for fruit trees and shrubs is best taken organic. Preference is given to:

• compost
• peat,
• humus
• manure.

They enrich the soil with useful substances, promote plant growth. Mineral fertilizers, which contain nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, are also used to feed berry bushes.

For fruit bushes, there is a specific feeding schedule:

1. In the first decade of May, when they are actively blooming.
2. May - the first decade of June - a period of increased growth of shoots.
3. The beginning of July, when the berries are tied.
4. Last feeding after autumn collection harvest.

We fertilize currant bushes

Currants can be planted, focusing on every taste: black, red, white, golden. But if caring for it is reduced only to infrequent watering, then every year there will be less and less berries, and in five years they will disappear completely. If you provide currants proper care, then the bush will be able to bear fruit in one place for more than ten years.

Since the currant is ready for fruiting a year after planting, in early spring it is necessary to feed the plants with organic fertilizers.

To begin with, they are applied with nitrogen in the root method. To do this, you should carefully dig up, and then pour the earth around abundantly so that top dressing does not burn the young roots.

Humus is placed around the berry bushes and the earth is dug deep enough in a circle of at least 80 centimeters. In summer, in order to increase productivity, each bush is fed separately with 3–6 kg of compost, 10–15 g of potassium sulfate, 30 g of superphosphate.
At the beginning of October under fruit bushes chicken manure or humus is introduced to nourish the plants during the winter with useful microelements.

We feed raspberries

To stock up healing berries until the next season, one should not forget about the benefits of mineral and organic fertilizers for raspberry bushes.

How to improve productivity?

We are constantly getting letters in which amateur gardeners are worried that due to the cold summer this year, a poor harvest of potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, and other vegetables. Last year we published TIPS about this. But unfortunately, many did not listen, but some still applied. Here is a report from our reader, we want to advise plant growth biostimulantswhich will help increase the yield by up to 50-70%.

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Experienced gardeners from organic matter, manure is chosen for feeding. The rotted ones are brought in in spring or autumn - about 6 kilograms per square meter. Bird droppings in liquid form or compost from peat, dry leaves, manure will not only saturate the plant with the necessary substances of phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, but will also disinfect the bushes from pests. For raspberry fruit bushes, 9–10 kg per m2 will be needed as a top dressing.

Potassium salt and superphosphate are used for spring feeding. Opponents of mineral fertilizers can use wood ash instead of potash supplements. It does not contain chlorine, but there are useful substances that help growth and fruiting. Ash can be applied both dissolved in water and dry.

"Chemical" fertilizers are practiced for feeding both individually and in a complex composition. A mixture of phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium and manure contributes not only to the growth of new shoots, but also to lush flowering, as well as good yields.

The appearance of raspberry bushes will tell you what nutrients are missing:

• brown leaves - lack of potassium,
• thin, very weak shoots - phosphorus is needed,
• the leaves are yellow, small - feed with nitrogen,
• dark huge sheets - a lot of nitrogen, there will be few berries.

The main thing is to correct the situation in a timely manner.

Proper feeding for the "northern grapes"

That is what gooseberries are called. One berry of this shrub contains almost 50 kilocalories. Its composition is astounding beneficial vitamins and trace elements: iodine, potassium, phosphorus, copper, manganese, iron, organic acids, vitamins A, C, D, E. It is considered a dietary berry, which not only helps with metabolic processes, but also works against anemia, removing from the body heavy metals and salt.

Gooseberry bushes should not be planted in places with high soil moisture, because in this case they will be attacked fungal diseases. This will lead to low yields, rapid death of the plant.

The first two years, young shrubs do not fertilize. They have enough organic feeding made before landing. In the third year in autumn, the soil is fed with manure or humus by digging. In early spring before bud break, urea and ammonium nitrate are added (15–20 g per m2). Mineral fertilizers are scattered near the bushes, they are covered with a hoe to a depth of about 8–10 cm.

How to properly feed gooseberries?

We program the harvest of sea buckthorn

This golden berry is indispensable not only for burns. Its beneficial properties have long been appreciated in Ancient China. In the wrong hands, it can quickly die. After all, the roots of these fruit shrubs are very close to the surface of the earth. Therefore, you need to carefully dig the soil near the bushes. The best option- use a chopper for shallow loosening.

Sea buckthorn should be fertilized no more than once every two years with compost, humus (5–9 kg per m2). It is better to do this in the autumn period after the completion of the collection of berries. From mineral fertilizers, potassium salt (25 g), superphosphate (60 g) is preferred.

Experienced gardeners advise twice a year to feed the plant with a mixture of sand and humus (2: 3), plus a couple of glasses of crushed egg shells.

If sea buckthorn grows on sandy ground, then a little nitrogen fertilization will not hurt her. Please note that no more than 20 grams of ammonium nitrate and 15 grams of urea can be added per square meter per year.

Please note that all types of fertilizers for the growth and fruiting of sea buckthorn must be applied before fruit formation begins.

Features of feeding dogwood

This is unpretentious plant will almost always give birth profusely. Breaks records for the content of vitamin C, and the bones have antiseptic properties.

It can be formed not only as a bush, but also as a fruit tree. Dogwood comes from the south, so he loves the sun, and very wet soil is contraindicated for him. There is evidence that dogwood fruit bushes can grow and bear fruit for almost three hundred years.

Used to fertilize the soil during spring growth. mineral supplements containing nitrogen and phosphorus. In autumn, the bushes are fed with potassium or wood ash. In order for the plant to bear fruit well, compost, humus, and lime are added to the soil. But you can’t feed dogwood with ammonium sulfate.

Feeding for barberry

This evergreen shrub- worthy decoration for garden plot. Its value is not only in beauty, but also in useful properties. It is believed that the use of barberry can prolong youth. And all because it removes toxins, cleanses the blood, eliminates harmful microbes from the body.

The natural habitat of plants is associated with dry and gentle slopes. clay soil before planting, fertilize with a mixture of sand and peat, humus or compost in equal parts. If the soil is acidic, then the soil in the holes should be neutralized with slaked lime (350-400 grams per bush) or 250 grams of wood ash.

Feed the barberry for the next spring after planting. The growth of young shoots is stimulated with mineral fertilizers with nitrogen (urea) at the rate of 25 grams per average bucket of water. A similar feeding is carried out every four years.

fertilizers organic origin(manure, humus) feed shrubs before and after flowering. Prepare it like this:

1. a kilogram of humus is soaked in three liters of water,
2. filter after three days,
3. dilute the infusion (1 liter) with water in a ratio of 1: 3 /

This dose is enough for one fruit bush.

Potassium and superphosphate are added in the fall so that the barberry is prepared for winter period. Do not forget to water the bushes after you have applied fertilizer. Then the soil must be mulched with sawdust or peat.

How easy is it to grow a barberry?

Helping hazelnuts bear fruit

This useful and tasty shrub is the closest relative of the hazel nut (hazel). If you decide to grow it yourself, you should be patient.

In most cases, hazelnuts will have to be grown from nuts. The soil should be quite loose, for this it is necessary to fertilize the soil with humus.

The plant is transplanted into the hole when it reaches 15-18 centimeters. Before planting, ammonium nitrate is fertilized, which promotes growth. The first recharge is made at the end of April, the second - in the first decade of June. Prepare four kilograms of manure, 45 grams of superphosphate, 45 grams of ammonium nitrate, 25 grams of potassium sulfate, the mixture is divided in half.

Hazelnuts are fed after heavy watering or rain. Fertilizers need to be scattered evenly on the soil and dig up the soil. In spring and summer, they do it shallowly, in autumn they dig twice as deep.

Why use foliar fertilizers?

In summer they are used for refreshment. fruit plants foliar fertilizer method. In this way, shrubs are fed not through root system and through the leaves. The fact is that in this way nutrients enter the plant faster than through the roots.

Not only organic, but also mineral fertilizers are used. The only caveat is that very weak solutions must be used so that the salts do not damage the leaves. Therefore, the concentration of superphosphate should be no more than 4%, and urea and potassium chloride or sulfate - about 1%.

Plants are sprayed in the evening or early morning. During the day, the solution will evaporate quickly, so a similar process is possible only in cloudy weather.

Young leaves are treated with a weaker solution. For example, after picking currant berries, bushes can be sprayed with a solution of 4 grams of potassium permanganate, 2 grams boric acid, 8 grams blue vitriol. They are bred in ten liters of water. It is advisable to feed raspberries in this way after flowering and picking berries. It can be a solution of manganese or zinc, copper sulfate or ammonium.

Advantages of foliar fertilizers:

• contribute to an increase in flowering branches and the weight of berries,
• the number of carrion and rotting fruits is reduced,
• there are more young shoots,
• vegetative processes are faster.

Important points when feeding

If you decide to approach the process of feeding berry bushes responsibly, pay attention to the following details:

1. with abundant watering, the portion of nutrients should be increased,
2. before pruning bushes to increase the number of young shoots, the dose of feeding should be higher,
3. liquid types of fertilizers are applied around the plant at a distance of approximately half a meter from the diameter of the crown,
4. when the soil is often fed with ash, then mineral dressings do not need to be applied,
5. if at the same time top dressing is carried out with organic matter and minerals, then the rate should be halved.

Fruit bushes, like any plants, need additional nutrition. Timely applied fertilizers, correctly selected dosage and type of top dressing will favorably affect not only the growth of bushes, but also the yield of perennial plants!

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