The best fertilizers for the garden and vegetable garden in spring: tips for gardeners. How to choose fertilizers for the garden and vegetable garden

The use of biofertilizer for the garden and vegetable garden enriches the soil (for example, in the country) with microflora, increasing its productivity and resistance to anthropogenic factors. Rational use bacterial, fungal, yeast and preparations based on EM technology contributes to the cultivation of environmentally friendly clean production, by improving humus, increasing soil fertility.

What is biofertilizer

Biofertilizers are classified as natural fertilizers. They are formed in the process of oxygen-free fermentation of organic substances - manure, litter or plant residues. Unlike complex mineral fertilizers, they do not accumulate nitrates in the composition of the soil and products, being completely absorbed by plants. Soil microorganisms process organic, inorganic compounds into plant nutrition components.

Beneficial features

The technology of anaerobic fermentation of beneficial microorganisms completely preserves the amount of nitrogen. The ability of bacteria to concentrate atmospheric nitrogen and convert it into a form suitable for plant use improves the growth characteristics of crops. By mobilizing sparingly soluble phosphates and phytic acid, the microbiological strain retains phosphorus and potassium in the soil.

Benefits of biofertilizers

Studies conducted in the agricultural industry prove undeniable advantages biofertilizers for a garden and a kitchen garden before organic, mineral analogs:

• Decontamination from pathogenic microflora, which provokes the development anthrax, paratuberculosis, salmonellosis, foot and mouth disease, ascariasis, intestinal infections.
• Increased content of active microflora - 1012 colonies/g compared to 109 colonies/g of manure.
• Preservation of micronutrients. During the season, 80% of organic fertilizers and 15% of biological ones are washed out.
• Unlike mineral fertilizers, which partially dissolve, forming nitrates, biofertilizers for the garden and garden are associated with the soil and are absorbed by 100%.

Technology for obtaining biological fertilizers

industrial production bioadditives is aimed at the preservation and accumulation of viable bacterial cells by the method of aseptic microbiological process. Initially nodule bacteria grown in agar medium, based on legume seeds, agar, sucrose. The next stage includes fermentation at a temperature of 27-30 degrees and a pH level of 6.5-7.5. The separated biomass is mixed with a protective medium, sent for drying in a vacuum drying cabinet at a temperature of 30-35 degrees at a pressure of 10-13 kPa.

Types of biofertilizers

Each of the types of biofertilizers differs in the characteristics of the microbiological flora intended for individual crops and soil. Agronomists recommend combining preparations that accelerate the decomposition of humus masses with Azotobakterin. "Extrasol", "Rostmoment", BisolbiFit "have growth-stimulating and anti-stress characteristics. Among the universal drugs that suppress the development of pathogenic microflora, Baikal EM-1 helps to restore soil fertility and improve crops.

Bacterial

Biotechnology isolates nodule bacteria - the basis of bacterial fertilizer. Their symbiosis with plants is aimed at providing the soil with nitrogen and phosphorus:

• Nitragin is used only in relation to legumes in industrial scale. It is applied to the soil or carried out pre-sowing treatment seeds.
• Azotobacterin - complex fertilizer peat or humus medium, which is used in soddy-podzolic soil. Its main advantage is the ability to suppress fungal flora.
• multifunctional liquid fertilizer Azotovit stimulates the development vegetative organs plants, inhibits the accumulation of nitrates, increases resistance to adverse natural conditions, increasing productivity up to 40%. It is used under any cultures, except legumes.

fungal

Biofertilizers for the garden and vegetable garden based on saprophyte fungi enzymatically decompose organic residues into minerals:

• "Rostmoment" is a stimulator of plant life. It is mainly used to increase the yield of cereals and vegetable crops. Fertilizer is applied by watering or spraying. To obtain a suspension, it is necessary to dilute the powder with water and leave for half an hour.

Biofertilizers based on EM technology

Effective microorganisms contribute to the restoration of soil fertility, improvement different cultures, increase frost resistance:

• A popular biofertilizer is Baikal EM-1, which increases the fertility of vegetable crops from 50 to 150%.

• The drug "Biorost" provokes the synthesis of humus, allowing you to get a good harvest. The main advantage is the active productivity of microorganisms for 2-3 years.

Biohumus

The soil processed by earthworms is enriched with useful substances and microorganisms. Biohumus improves soil structure, accelerates plant growth, excludes the presence of pathogenic microflora, provides high level seedling survival. Vermicompost "Tea" is diluted in a ratio of 1:50 and poured into the holes. "AgroVerm" is characterized by increased moisture capacity and hydrophobicity. Auxin in the composition of the drug stimulates the growth of fruits.

How to choose a biofertilizer for the garden

To select a specific biological composition, it is necessary:

• Determine soil type by laboratory or folk method. Phosphate fertilizers are useful for any soil. A neutral substrate needs a good nitrogen base to improve the vegetation of the plant.
• Assess the individual needs of plants. cucumbers, tomatoes, potatoes, White cabbage require additional nitrogen. berry bushes should be fertilized with phosphorus.

Operating principle

Bacterial fertilizers are used with planting material or seeds, introducing into moist soil. Their action is not limited to providing crops with potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen. It affects the multilateral biochemical processes in the soil. In addition to the nitrogen-fixing ability, "Azotobacter" synthesizes biologically active substances - auxins, which have a beneficial effect on plant growth. The introduction of "Phosphorobacterin" stimulates the action of nitrifying bacteria, anaerobic nitrogen fixers.

Biofertilizer manufacturers

Enterprises engaged in the production of liquid dressings for the growth, development and protection of plants offer wide range of biological products, guaranteeing environmental friendliness, biological safety, cost-effectiveness of the product. The main advantage is that innovative processing technology combined with a quality control system ensures high efficiency of fertilizers, increasing yields by up to 40%.

Release form

Manufacturers produce biofertilizers for the garden and vegetable garden in powder form, liquid form, tablets, granules. For different purposes, a strict dosage of the drug is used. The working solution is prepared in the amount required for one season, since it does not withstand long-term storage. The effect of fertilizers on acidic soil decreases sharply, therefore, their preliminary liming is required.

Weight/volume

Packaging is carried out in small containers for use on garden plots private property. For industrial agro-complexes, preparations are packaged in large quantities. Recently, the attention of summer residents has been offered "Azotovit" and "Phosphatovit" in plastic packaging, with a capacity of 200 ml. Previously, it was only available for industrial farmland.

The best biological fertilizers for plants

Since ancient times, organic matter has been used to improve soil fertility. These fertilizers are still popular now: compost, green manure and manure are much cheaper than chemistry, and if you are in the garden, preferring "waste-free production", then they will be completely free.

Organic fertilizers, especially manure, contain almost all the nutrients needed by the soil. Organic matter is rich in micro- and macroelements, it improves the physical properties of the soil, thereby increasing the possibilities of aeration and the ability to absorb moisture.

In this article, we will look at several types of organic fertilizers, the features of their use and the impact on horticultural crops.

Manure

This is perhaps the most common and most commonly used organic type fertilizer. The quality of manure can vary, and depends on factors such as the type of animal, the timing and methods of storage, the feed used. Accordingly, horse, pig, sheep and cow dung We are not equal in value. For example, manure from a cow or a pig is more saturated with moisture, and less nitrogen than the feces of horses or sheep.

People call sheep and horse manure hot because it quickly decomposes and at the same time releases heat in large quantities. In the first year, when such manure is introduced, its nutrients work to a greater extent than that of cattle manure. The percentage of manure use in the soil by type is as follows:

• Sheep - 34%;
• Horse - 20-25%;
• Cow - 18%;
• Pork - 10%.

Pig and cow dung are called cold manure because it decomposes slowly and heats up little.

The quality of manure (the degree of its decomposition) directly affects the structure of the soil and the accumulation of nitrogen in it. There are 4 degrees of decomposition:

• Fresh manure, at a weak stage of decomposition, with a slight change in color and strength of the straw. When rinsing, the water becomes reddish or green in color.
• Half-ripe - the straw loses its strength, becomes loose and acquires Brown color. Washing water turns yellow. Manure at this stage loses 15-30% of its original weight.
• The rotted manure has the appearance of a black smeared mass. Straw at the last stage of decomposition. At this stage, weight loss relative to the original reaches 50%.
• Humus is an earthy mass of loose consistency. Weight loss from the original - about 75%.

manure conservation

The higher the stage of manure decomposition, the more the content of useful active substances in it increases. percentage. Accordingly, humus is the richest in nutrients compared to other species, with slow decomposition, it gradually releases accumulated nitrogen to the soil.

The technology for preparing compost is as follows: pour a 5-6 cm layer of earth on a prepared flat area, then a 10-15 cm layer of manure. That is, the ratio should be as follows: 4-5 parts of manure per 1 part of the earth. To improve the useful qualities add 1-2% superphosphate.

Thus, alternating the earth with manure in layers, a heap up to 1.5 m high is poured. The finished heap is covered with a layer of earth of 8-10 cm from above. After 1.5-2 months, mix the contents of the heap thoroughly. Thus, nitrogen will be perfectly preserved in the mass.

Mullein

Most often it is used for top dressing. Here is the way to prepare it: you should take a tub large capacity and 1/3 fill with manure, then top up with water and mix thoroughly. After that, the tub is left for 1-2 weeks. At this time, the mullein roams, and substances useful for the soil are activated.

Before you make a solution of mullein in top dressing, it should be re-diluted with water 2-4 times. That is, a bucket of fermented mullein will have 3-4 buckets of water. The amount depends on the moisture content of the soil: the drier the soil in your area, the more water will be needed so that the beds, in addition to fertilizer, also receive additional moisture.

As the main fertilizer, manure is applied to the soil in spring, before planting vegetables. But much more often it is used for feeding. To do this, they give 2-3 kg of litter per bucket of water, and when it gets wet enough to freely diverge to a uniform mass, preventing fermentation.

It should be noted that the dry mass of bird droppings should be diluted with water 20 times, and fresh - 10 times. Fertilizer is not subject long-term storage. It should be applied immediately after production, since useful nitrogen will evaporate during the fermentation process, as will the amount of useful elements.

You can notice the lack of nitrogen for plant development in the spring and summer: young leaves on the shoots become pale green. In this case, adding about 1 liter of solution under, or dry litter for digging at the rate of 0.5 kg per 1 sq. M. will help you. soil.

Fertilizers of vegetable origin

These include sapropel, straw, sawdust and grass. Each of them benefits the soil, but requires care.

Sapropel is called pond or lake silt. It is the most natural natural, environmentally friendly organic substance. Sapropel is rich in lime (content from 3 to 50%), trace elements, available phosphates, natural antibiotics, hormones and growth stimulants.

The color of sapropel can be light gray, bluish, dark gray and even almost black, depending on the flora and fauna of the reservoir. Silt is able to increase the fertility of the soil on the site for several years. However, the light and grayish saporel is subject to pre-ventilation. That is, it should first be scattered over the site, and after some time it should be dug up for embedding in the soil, combining with other fertilizers.

In order to use straw as a fertilizer, it must first be crushed by adding slurry or mineral nitrogen, at the rate of 100 kg of straw / 1 kg of nitrogen and fertilizers. Straw is most effectively used by gardeners and gardeners in the manufacture of composts.

Sawdust is a hard-to-mineralize production waste.. When using them in their pure form, the calculation for applying the material is 20-30 kg per 100 sq.m. soil with the addition of slurry or liquid manure (from 40 to 60 kg per 100 sq.m.). Application and plowing are carried out in autumn period, after harvesting from the site.

It is much more efficient to use sawdust as bedding for, and then keep the manure in the pit for 4-6 months. Fully matured mass is applied in doses equivalent to the amount of bedding manure.

Fresh sawdust is poor in nutrient content, but their introduction into the soil will reduce water transpiration and prevent the formation of a crust. Sawdust is especially good for improving physical properties clay-rich soils. The earth acquires a loose consistency, which increases absorbency.

Sawdust should be enriched with nitrogen beforehand: a glass of urea is dissolved in a bucket hot water, and this mixture is added to 3 buckets sawdust. AT spring period sawdust is scattered around the planted plants. This will help reduce weed growth.

Using grass for fertilizer

As you know, fertilizers on the market and in the store are not cheap, their harvesting from improvised means is a rather painstaking task. Not always the same manure or bird droppings accessible to every gardener. It turns out that weed grass can easily be used to obtain fertilizer that is not inferior in quality to organic and mineral fertilizers.

In order to process the grass into a useful substance, do the following: take a large container with a volume of 200 liters, and place it in a sunny, well-lit place. Chop freshly cut weeds and fill the barrel with this mass by 2/3. In good, sunny weather, the contents of the container will begin to ferment after 10-12 days. This can be determined by the appearance of foam on the surface. Approximately 3 days after the start of fermentation, the solution can be used as a fertilizer.

Remove the grass from the container, wring it out thoroughly. Pour up to 8 liters of ash infusion into the resulting liquid (for 8 liters of boiling water, 10-15 cups of ash, carefully sifted). It is allowed to add carbamide (urea), about 15 tablespoons for the entire amount of infusion.

Stir the contents of the barrel before use and dilute it at the rate of 1 part solution to 10 parts. Ready fertilizer excellent for feeding fruit trees and berry bushes. Irrigation rates are:

• 1 fruit-bearing tree up to 10 years old - 2-3 buckets;
• 1 fruitful tree up to 15 years old - 3-4 buckets;
• 1 berry bush, depending on the size and age - 1-2 buckets.

For more effective penetration of the solution into the soil, pour it into previously prepared punctures 40-50 cm deep in the trunk circles.

It is recommended to fertilize trees and bushes in non-hot time - in the evening or on cloudy days. best period for this - June and July. During these two months, feed three times, 3-6 days in a row.

Video about the use of organic fertilizers in the garden and vegetable garden

As you can see, with due attention and diligence, you can independently provide your crop with sufficient top dressing. That's not all organic fertilizers, recommended for use in the garden and on the beds. In the next article, we will tell you about the qualities of peat and how to make prefabricated composts. We wish you good harvest and easy work!

Reading time ≈ 3 minutes

If we want to enjoy the products of our garden for a long time, we should take care of feeding it in time. right time, and for this you need to know how to fertilize the garden in the spring, as well as at other times of the year. As long as the garden has fresh soil, it will be able to do without fertilizers, but after several crops and harvests, you already have to think about how to feed both the plants and the soil.

Purchased fertilizers

The first thing you should know about top dressing before buying fertilizer for the garden in the spring is to choose the right composition. On almost every package with additives, the composition of the minerals and other minerals included in it is written. useful substances. Firstly, for dense foliage, all plants need nitrogen, phosphorus - for the development of the root system, potassium is indispensable for fruit plants and trees. The level of these substances can vary widely in various fertilizers sold in gardening stores. The most common products include superphosphate, Crystal, Nitroammophoska, etc. Many mixtures are able to nourish plants for up to twelve months, it is enough to add them to the soil only once, so you don’t have to worry too much about how to fertilize the garden in the spring before planting.

AT winter time Not so much nitrogen gets into the soil, so when thinking about how to fertilize the garden in spring, you should take care of this particular element. Fertilizers are both liquid and granular, in the form of powders and mixtures, here everyone is guided by personal preferences. Liquid equivalents are convenient in that they can be mixed with water in certain proportions and sprayed onto plants. At the same time, they can be used much more often, every two weeks, so that the garden can flourish all summer and delight with good harvests.

natural fertilizers

Many are wondering if there is a more natural fertilizer for the garden in the spring? If you prefer organic, you can use animal by-products, as well as vegetable waste. To date, there are unique mixtures with the addition chicken manure, seaweed and other organic matter. Despite quite bad smell, such fertilizers are considered one of the most useful and environmentally friendly both for the plants themselves and for our health.

If you have pets, especially cats, it is recommended to bury organic fertilizers well, as they are especially sensitive to odors and some components may be of great interest to them.

If you are interested good fertilizer for the garden in spring, can be made on your own. If you know a farmer, ask him for a bag horse manure, put it in a barrel of water and after a while you will have an excellent liquid fertilizer. Compost can also be made from sheep manure, fishmeal, or seaweed. If you are a fisherman, you do not need to worry about how to fertilize the garden in spring for vegetables. Just save the rest of the fish and crush it into small particles.

You can also breed worms, which help to loosen the soil, thereby contributing to better penetration moisture and providing good access to the root system of plants.

Healthy plants are better able to resist various diseases and negative influence external environment, so the question of fertilizer is vital for your plants. And despite the fact that there are many adherents to fertilize the soil in the fall, before spring planting it is equally important to pay attention to it. in the best way useful for the garden - fertilize twice a year.

For those who are interested in how to fertilize the garden in the spring, a table with a schedule and the exact amount of necessary substances for a particular soil can help.

As you know, in each region of our vast homeland, the soil has its own, plus for each garden or garden culture has its own instructions for feeding. It is impossible to talk about all the intricacies of this topic in a short article, so we will focus on how to prepare fertilizers for the garden in the spring, mainly with our own hands.

Tip: Ideally, in order to properly select garden and horticultural fertilizers, as well as draw up a feeding schedule for the whole year, it is recommended to take soil samples from the site to the appropriate laboratory once.
This way you don't have to use the common "scientific plug" method.

Fertilizer preparation

Experienced farmers prefer to prepare organic and mineral fertilizers for the garden and garden, if possible with their own hands. This is done not only because the price of such compositions is cheap. The composition prepared for your garden, first of all, will be 100% natural, which in our time is the main quality criterion.

Organic for your site

• Peat manure compost is prepared as a fertilizer with a high nitrogen content. The goal of the whole process is to adapt nitrogen-containing compounds for plants. The composition is prepared simply, peat and manure from herbivores are laid in layers of 20 cm, in a ratio of one to one. It is not worth ramming the mass. To complete the picture, you can add phosphorite flour 25 kg per 1 ton and cover. This substrate is especially good for strawberries and other berries.
• Prefabricated compost is a universal composition of general strengthening action. It is used not only for the garden, but also as a fertilizer for garden flowers. The recipe is ridiculously simple: all organic waste is dumped into a compost pit or box, from grass clippings, foliage or tops from plants to tea brewing and potato peelings. The mixture is kept open and watered periodically.

Important: oak leaves or sawdust are not used in the composting process.

• Vermiculturing composition is prepared using earthworms. To do this, in a well-ventilated box, crushed boom, straw or dry grass is placed, which alternates with layers of soil. All this is watered and in a day the worms are planted, from time to time it is necessary to add vegetable organic waste. In order for such a garden fertilizer to be ready in the spring, it must be laid at least in February.
• Manure must be applied very carefully. The main rule says that you can not fertilize with fresh manure. Due to the high content of urea and acids, plant roots can burn. Manure, like most compost compounds, should be re-rotted for at least a year, ideally 3 years.
• Peat is widely used as a fertilizer for garden flowers and. In this case, it is used as a bedding for fertile soil in which seeds are planted. Besides spring fertilizer peat garden will serve as an additional strengthening factor, only the trees must be at least 3 years old.

What is dangerous organic

Spring fertilizer of the garden and vegetable garden with home-made organics, with thoughtless use, can lead to sad consequences. So excessive use of humus creates a fertile climate for the development of fungal diseases.

Infection, in this case, occurs directly from the soil, being absorbed through root system. Young seedlings of tomato, eggplant or pepper are most susceptible to this, when transplanted into open ground. To protect against fungus, humus is introduced at the beginning of May, immediately neutralized with a mixture dolomite flour and wood ash.

Tip: if there is a danger of fungal infection of seedlings, it makes sense to use factory special antifungal drugs, such as Fitolavin, Glyokadinol or Fitosporin-M.

Mineral compositions

No matter how good organic matter is, nitrogen is predominantly present in it. Plants should receive a full range of trace elements. Mineral fertilizers for the garden and garden provide, first of all, top dressing with phosphorus, potassium and a number of other useful components.

On average, the norms for laying phosphorus or superphosphate in the spring are 250 g / m². Potassium located in wood ash about 200 g/m² is needed. Nitrogen, which is in saltpeter, urea and carbamide, is laid in the amount of 300 g / m².

Important: the above listed artificial nitrogen fertilizers can only be used if the soil has not been fertilized with organic matter.

The main problem of mineral fertilizers is their instability. These compounds must be applied a few days before planting in the ground or scattered between beds and under tree trunks. Otherwise, precipitation will wash away such bait deep into the earth, from where it will leave along with groundwater.

Fertilizing the garden in spring, on average, should be carried out according to the bookmark set out in the table.

A few words about flowers

Modern dachas are not always an abundance of gardens and orchards. Now more and more people prefer to engage in their country residence exclusively for recreation. But in any case, in any country house or in a private house, the owners plant flowers.

Annual flowers are a little easier to care for, feeding twice a year is enough for them. The first time you need to make top dressing two weeks after planting in the ground and then in mid-June, before the buds should start.

Perennial crops should be fed 3 times a year. The first time in the spring during loosening. The second time before flowering and the third time closer to autumn after the flowers fall off. The third top dressing is necessary for the normal ovary of the kidneys for the next year.

Fertilizer for garden hydrangea deserves special mention, because this flower is grown in most regions of our country because of its beauty. It should be noted that this plant loves moist soils and the morning sun.

If you do not want to use market-bought compounds for feeding, you can fertilize the soil with compost, peat or humus. But remember that ash and limestone-acid fertilizers for hydrangeas are contraindicated.

The video in this article shows some of the subtleties of top dressing.

Conclusion

Fertilizers for the garden in the spring are among the most important. At this fertile time, the entire future crop is laid, and the size of this crop depends on how correctly the soil is fertilized.

Good day, friends!

During the growing season, almost all plants that are grown on a backyard plot need to be fed. Experienced summer residents cook universal fertilizer for a garden and a kitchen garden - the organic infusion possessing a full complex of biologically active agents. The composition obtained as a result of fermentation is used for all vegetable, berry and fruit crops.

Advantages of using universal fertilizer

Stimulation of the growth of the root system and above-ground parts of plants;

Saturation of the soil with humic compounds, as well as nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and basic trace elements (boron, iron, iodine, magnesium, calcium, fluorine, zinc, manganese, sulfur, molybdenum, etc.);

Improving the structure and fertility of the soil;

Activation of fruiting processes;

Creation favorable conditions for the development of beneficial soil microflora;

Improvement quality characteristics harvest of all crops.

How to prepare universal fertilizer?

You will need a large barrel with a volume of 200 liters. To activate the fermentation processes, it is best if it stands in a warm place, for example, in the sun. It is advisable to locate the tank away from residential buildings, since during cooking the liquid emits a very unpleasant odor.

Three days before laying the fertilizer components in the barrel, yeast starter is prepared: pour into a three-liter jar clean water(without chlorine), dissolve a packet of dry yeast (10 g) and half a faceted glass of granulated sugar in it, put in a warm place for fermentation for 48-72 hours, and then pour it into a common barrel. If the addition of the starter to the fertilizer is delayed, then it should be stored in the refrigerator.

In addition to the yeast infusion, a shovel of oven soot or vegetable ash, 1/2 bucket of mullein or a full bucket of rotten straw (can be replaced with last season's leaf litter), 2 liters of ordinary soil from the garden.

All fertilizer components are poured into the tank with water, but not to the top, as foam forms on the surface during decay. The top of the barrel is covered with a lid to minimize evaporation and a sharp and very specific smell spreading around. The preparation time for the mother solution of fertilizer is 7-8 days. It is recommended to mix the composition daily with a shovel or a long stick.

How to use universal fertilizer correctly?

Received in a week, the universal fertilizer for the garden is ready for use. For root dressings, it is diluted with clean water 1:10, poured into a watering can and watered. cultivated plants under the root at the rate of 1/2 -1 liter for each seedling and 5-6 liters for each mature tree. The multiplicity of fertilizer application 1 time in 2-3 weeks, starting from April-May and until the end of the season.

The following crops are most responsive to watering with a universal bodyaga: cucumbers, zucchini, onions, potatoes, eggplants, tomatoes, cabbage, carrots, beets, garden strawberry, gooseberry, currant, grape, cherry, peach, apricot. Annual and perennial flower crops that prefer non-acidic soils respond well to such top dressing: petunia, roses, peonies, hydrangea, tulips, daffodils, hyacinths, asters, geraniums.

Have a good harvest in the garden and in the garden!