Every gardener knows how to use ash. As a fertilizer, this versatile product is ideal for plant nutrition. Irrigation of seedlings with ashes appeared in the era of slash-and-burn agriculture. Trees were burned right on the field, then the soil was dug up and crops were planted. In the 19th century, wood ash was used for floodplain meadows, which, after fumigation with a solution, increased yields.
The ashes contain the formulas of the chemical elements, necessary for plants. These substances are needed by vegetables, ornamental flowers, shrubs and trees. Experienced gardeners often use peat ash, wood and coal. Compound:
Fertilizer ash in autumn and plays in the spring important role for quick emergence of plants, also increases the harvest in the garden.
With different parts the same tree produces a different amount of finished food. It depends on the age and growing conditions of the bush. Most of the ash is generated by burning bark and leaves. wood waste from the oak trunk they give 0.35% ash, the leaves - 0.5%, the bark - 7.2%. More fertilizer is always obtained from the top of the tree.
Ash is known to be excellent source of potassium, notice. Ash fertilizes and structures the soil.
Ash is perfect for indoor plants, the use of the mixture improves the chemical composition of the earth. It reduces acidity and also accelerates the ripening of compost. Ash-alkaline soil is the best habitat for micro-organisms and nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Grapevine, foliage or tops of potatoes contain 40% potassium, coniferous trees rich in phosphorus - up to 7%, others hardwoods have a different composition, where most of all calcium is contained.
To obtain ash at home, apply metal barrels or containers. In them, the ashes are protected from the wind, ingress of foreign objects. In such containers, firewood completely burns out. For raw materials, collected autumn leaves, trimmed stems of shrubs, grape vine, remnants of firewood different breeds trees. Wood must not be mixed with household waste, as this may result in a hazardous mixture.
The resulting composition is stored in a dry place in wooden boxes that close tightly. Some gardeners use plastic bags.
The effect of ash increases if it is mixed with peat, compost or humus. Thanks to the combination of ingredients, the decomposition of organic substances improves, the quality of tree fruiting increases. Feeding does not lose beneficial features over the course of three years.
But dosage must be taken into account. Excess adversely affects the plant: 100–200 grams per 1 sq. m, in loamy - 300-400 gr / 1 sq. m.
Since the ash does not contain chlorine, it is suitable for strawberries, raspberries, currants, cucumbers and squash. When adding to the pits, you need to take 1-2 tbsp. l. for 1 glass of water. For sweet peppers and eggplant - 3 tbsp. l / 1 tbsp. liquids. Ash is used instead of potassium-phosphorus fertilizers and lime dressings in counting:
Lure of plums and cherries is produced in the following way:
A dry mixture can be used to fumigate plants from pests. The procedure is carried out in the early morning or late evening in dry, calm weather. Processing repels snails and slugs. Thanks to the ashes, plants quickly take root in a new place and get sick less. In spring, seedlings of radishes, cabbages and turnips are irrigated with ashes to avoid the appearance of cruciferous flea. This pest quickly eats seedlings of crops.
Showed up well wood ash as fertilizer for indoor plants. Ash does not allow the soil to oxidize, it is able to completely replace mineral composition substrate for flowers in pots. Top dressing is carried out both with dry ash and with a liquid solution: 50-150 grams of the substance is diluted in water (10 liters), constantly stirred and applied to the soil. If ash impregnation is used, other fertilizers are no longer needed. A month later, the bush is sprayed with a nitrogen solution if necessary.
Most often, gardeners use wood ash as a fertilizer. This is one of the most popular types of feed for tomatoes, cucumbers, various kinds flowers, which is traditionally used in household plots.
This top dressing has a very rich chemical composition, which is rich in all necessary elements for optimal development and rapid growth of the plant.
Ash fertilizers are very effective at correct application. With their help, you can not only increase the yield of vegetables, but also significantly save on the purchase of complementary foods. This fertilizer is quite simple to make yourself, and you can easily get rid of garden debris.
The chemical composition is different for each type of ash, as it varies depending on the variety of the burnt plant and its age. But the relatively exact formula for ash was calculated by Mendeleev. Percentage elements in the ash approximately corresponds to the following indicators:
From the presented ratio, it can be seen that top dressing in the form of wood ash is able to fully satisfy the need garden plants the main nutrient is calcium.
The use of ash ensures the full growth and development of the root structure and greenery of all country plants, but this fertilizer is especially important for crops with a dominant above-ground part. The cultivation of cucumbers, tomatoes, pumpkins and zucchini is not complete without the addition of ash impurities.
Professional gardeners have favorite types of wood ash, because this bait has been tested for generations and is available for self-manufacturing. Its chemical composition and properties depend on the raw materials chosen as the basis for the preparation of fertilizer, therefore the ash itself is divided into varieties based on the organic material chosen as the basis.
Among the most popular options for this complementary food, various source materials are used:
Often the choice of source material does not depend on the needs and characteristics of the soil, but on the presence of organic waste from economic activity. After all, such a solution allows not only to get rid of garbage, but also to get a safe and effective fertilizer.
There are many ways and techniques for introducing organic ash into the soil. Professional gardeners have special techniques that are inherited, but for a beginner, ash fertilizer can be a problem. Improper application of combustion products to the soil will not bring the expected result and may harm the crop.
To avoid mistakes, you need to follow a few simple rules:
Ash is an excellent fertilizer not only in the garden. It is perfect for use in greenhouse conditions, in the garden and even for house plants. Professional florists often use an infusion of ashes to water flowers. Yes, and indoor flower lovers love this simple and effective supplement.
Trace elements that are part of the ash stimulate the growth of flowers, and the regular use of such natural stimulant hardens the immune system of the plant, making it more resistant to various flower diseases.
The use of ash supplements in the garden is quite diverse, and the effectiveness has been proven by the experience of generations. Plants after soil treatment not only grow better and faster, but also become more resistant to negative factors in the form of bad weather conditions or garden diseases.
Especially noticeable are the benefits for vegetables and flowers.
Yes, for more High Quality and increased productivity of cucumbers, eggplants and squash, it is enough to cover the soil with one glass of ash before digging, and after planting, add another tablespoon under the bush. Under such conditions, the cucumber crop will receive all the necessary trace elements, which will make the plants more resilient and prolific. Also, when planting cucumbers, it is very effective to pre-treat the seeds with ashy dust to stimulate the growth of the plant.
Salads, cabbage and greens prefer richer complementary foods: 1 cup of ash is added per square meter of land before planting, and half under a bush. And it is wiser to fertilize onions and garlic in the autumn, so microelements interact better with the soil and make onions and garlic more resistant to various weather conditions.
For tomato optimal solution will become infusion. When watering a tomato with a solution of ash and water, the liquid must be constantly stirred. So the water is optimally saturated useful elements, and they are more easily assimilated by the culture. Tomato bushes must be watered under the root, avoiding contact with leaves and fruits.
Growing flowers in the garden is also not complete without feeding with ashes. In the case of flower beds, it is better not to apply fertilizer at planting, but to use it as complementary foods. Dry ash is applied as a root powder of perennial flowers. Nutritious watering is also possible, for which an infusion of 100 grams per bucket of water for 2 days is well suited.
Often, plants in the garden need not only additional feeding, but also protection from garden pests. Slugs, snails, wireworms, ants and even aphids can be effectively dealt with with the help of pollination and ash powders.
Cucumber and tomato crops can be protected from insect encroachment by simply sprinkling the surface at the root with ashes, insects will bypass such bushes. You can also protect rose bushes from aphids, just dust the base of the stem with ashy dust in the spring, and access to foliage and flowers is closed.
Growing healthy "live" food requires special agricultural techniques and natural fertilizers. The best organic fertilizer known is manure. What is the best mineral? To "without chemistry"? Ordinary wood (vegetable) ash as a fertilizer has no equal!
Experienced gardeners-gardeners never take out any plant remains, whether it be pruning trees, bushes, "obsolete" tops or fallen leaves. All this wealth will be carefully dried, burned and brought into the soil.
In addition to the direct use of ash as a natural fertilizer, it can become:
Such a widespread use of ordinary ash is due to its composition and properties.
The set of macro and microelements contained in the ash directly depends on the "initial raw materials". For example, ashes from burning straw contain mass fraction useful substances two times less than the ashes from birch firewood. The “composition of ash” can be given only in very approximate values.
Any vegetable ash, regardless of the way it is obtained, contains. The table shows the approximate content of substances in percent by weight.
Raw material for incineration |
Phosphorus (%) |
Potassium (%) |
Calcium (%) |
rye straw |
|||
potato stalks |
There is no chlorine in the ash, so it can be safely used to fertilize any kind of berries and vegetables. Since ash is a natural substance, you should not be afraid of an overdose.
The lack of nitrogen in the ash should be compensated by applying fresh manure or one-component nitrogen fertilizers.
Coal slag has no "nutritional" value for plants. However, it has proven itself well on heavy soils due to the high percentage of calcium. The disappearance of the wireworm was also noticed after the introduction of coal ash as a fertilizer.
Ash has pronounced alkaline properties. Suffice it to recall that earlier, on its basis, housewives made lye, in which they washed and bleached linen. This property is indispensable for improving soil structure, reducing acidity.
Few plants (with the exception of some types of flowers) prefer acidic soils. Neutral, and preferably alkaline earth - a gardener's dream middle lane and the north of our country. Fertilizer with ash simultaneously reduces acidity. The earth becomes lighter, more structured. The effect of a single application lasts up to 3 years. If the application is carried out regularly, the land will not be slow to respond with excellent harvests.
How to apply ash correctly depends on the initial structure of the soil. Clay, heavy areas are best fertilized in the fall. So the soil will have enough time to "digest" the introduced. In sandy, easily washed out areas where the goal is to preserve nutrients, use ash as a fertilizer should be in the spring.
Advice! For early snow melting in the garden, “pollinate” it with ashes. Dark snow will melt much faster, introducing valuable fertilizer into the soil.
Experienced gardeners bring ash "by eye", evenly scattering it in the necessary areas.
A novice gardener should know how to use ash:
The folk technology of use consists in "mixing" handfuls of ash into the ground, starting with planting seeds for seedlings. It is also introduced into each hole (also a handful) when planting plants in the ground. Peppers, eggplants, tomatoes, cabbage, zucchini, cucumbers, pumpkins vividly "respond" to such care.
Fertilizing the soil is not limited to the beneficial properties of ash. Based on it, you can prepare effective medicines for plants and "poison" for pests.
The proposed plant protection measures are time-consuming, require frequent repetition (after each watering or rain). Their use is justified in small, cultivated areas.
A competent approach, used throughout the entire growing season of plants, increases the yield by several times. Without the use of chemistry, a healthy ecosystem is formed on the site, which in the future will protect itself. The owner receives excellent, healthy food.
Wood ash is considered to be an excellent potassium-phosphorus fertilizer, which is often used on acidic and neutral soils. However, the chemical composition of wood ash is not limited to potassium and phosphorus, it contains elements such as magnesium, calcium, sulfur, iron, zinc and many trace elements necessary vegetable crops, fruit and ornamental plants. It should be noted that there is no exact chemical composition, due to the origin of the natural substance. There is a direct dependence on the age and type of wood that was burned.
Ash is an organic fertilizer rich in trace elements. Some of them affect development and growth, others protect against various diseases. Nutrient deficiencies adversely affect yields and general health plants. Soil fertilizer data natural material in sufficient makes up for the lack of nutrients.
For plants important feature that the composition of wood ash does not provide for the presence of chlorine. After all, many crops (tomatoes, potatoes, raspberries, strawberries) do not tolerate potash fertilizers, in most of which different concentration chlorine is present. In this case, a natural product obtained by burning does the best job.
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how organic fertilizer, wood ash has been known since ancient times. For plants, it is a source of calcium, magnesium, and sodium. The exact composition is difficult to determine, as it depends on the plants from which this ash is obtained. Ash has been used in gardening for a very long time. It was usually washed first, and later evaporated to obtain potash, translated from English - "ash from the boiler." Thus, the resulting potash contained calcium carbonate necessary for fertilizing plants.
Each of these elements has a specific effect at each stage of plant development.
Thanks to him, vigorous growth in tomatoes, potatoes, peppers and eggplants, that is, all representatives of the nightshade family. Calcium carbonate activates metabolic processes which, in turn, accelerates the ripening of vegetables. Similarly, this element acts on flowers. Flower buds after fertilizers, which contain CaCO 3, increase in size and acquire additional splendor.
An element that helps literally glue cells together, so that vitamins are absorbed much better. Especially the lack of calcium silicate is noticeable in the example of onions. The plant simply dries up and exfoliates. You can help him recover with an aqueous solution of ash. Just pour diluted ash in a bucket of water at a ratio of two hundred grams per ten liters to a garden bed with onions.
This chemical element just needed during landing. Over time, the plant itself gradually accumulates it in the leaves and stem. Calcium sulfate is part of superphosphate - a well-known mineral fertilizer. Calcium in the ash has not such a pronounced effect as in the composition of superphosphate, its effect is gradual, but long-term.
Helps plants become more frost-resistant. Thanks to him, some varieties can be grown in the rather cool climate of Pskov and Leningrad region. And calcium chloride maintains soil uniformity, participates in photosynthesis, accelerating the process of transfer of useful substances.
With the help of ash soil composition improves, the soil is saturated with minerals, due to which its acidity changes. In addition, after the introduction of ashes, the earth becomes looser and more convenient for cultivation. This organic fertilizer does not lose its properties for four years from the date of application. The most useful of all types is the ash obtained by burning sunflower and buckwheat stalks. birch ash rich in potassium, and a lot of calcium can be obtained from peat. And ordinary ashes from the stove after burning firewood are also suitable, but the remains of burning plastic and newspapers cannot be used.
Loamy soil loosened with high-quality ash significantly improves its quality. The access of oxygen to the soil increases, thanks to which microorganisms and invertebrates can conduct their vital activity.
If the soil is sandy or swampy, then seventy grams of ash per square meter of land will be enough for it. Such soils are usually very poor in potassium and phosphorus, so ash will come in handy for them.
Ash can be used for any soil except solonetsous. If it is necessary to neutralize acidic soil, then ash from peat or oil shale is used. It will take about 0.5 kg of fertilizer per square meter of land.
What neutralize acidity in the soil and improve its quality, use lime-rich peat ash, which is applied to the soil weighing 0.5 kg per square meter.
For loamy soils, they are usually added in the fall, and for sandy soils, during spring digging.
There are several types of its application.
It is important to remember that the ash is not mixed with bird droppings, manure and saltpeter. Such nitrogen-containing fertilizers applied in autumn, while ash is often applied in spring.
In order for the trees to receive top dressing from wood ash, they dig up the earth around the trunk along with fertilizer about ten centimeters deep.
For greater effect, they try to use ashes together with humus or peat. Thus, it is more convenient to carry it around the site.
To speed up the decomposition process in the compost and improve its quality, a mixture of fifty kilograms of ash and one ton of peat is prepared.
Wood ash also fights plant pests very effectively, such as, for example, gray rot on strawberries. To stop the disease, it is sprayed on every strawberry bush. So, repeat two or three times until the disease stops.
Powdery mildew, which affects currant and gooseberry bushes, is excellently treated with an ash solution. The solution is prepared as follows: three hundred grams of prepared sifted wood ash is boiled in one liter of water for an hour, after which it is diluted in ten liters and thirty grams of soap are added. Bushes are sprayed with this composition after sunset. Treat the plants in this way every two weeks.
They don't like ashes slugs and ants. Ash sprayed on the beds can scare away and rid the beds of pests.
What can be fertilized with ash
For the normal development of the vine, grapes simply need potassium. Since there is a lot of it in the ashes, they are preparing special infusion for grapes. It will take three hundred grams of ash and five medium buckets of water. They mix water with ashes and feed them to grapes in the fall after harvest. In spring, the ground under the grapes is dug up and sprinkled with wood fertilizer. With its help in the summer they fight grape pests. Feed the plant in calm weather.
For the juiciness of fruits, tomatoes desperately need calcium and potassium. You can scatter two hundred grams of ash around the plant and pour it on top, or you can make a groove next to the trunk, pour the ash and bury it. Everything is at the discretion of the gardener, both methods are equally effective.
Some prefer to use a solution: dilute one hundred grams of ash in a bucket of water and let it brew for a day. For each bush of a large plant, two glasses of useful tincture should be spent.
Not enough calcium and potassium can prevent cucumbers from forming ovaries. Therefore, these plants will need fertilizer from the ashes as much as possible. The ashes, as a rule, are abundantly sprinkled along the beds with cucumbers and after watering it enters the soil. You can make a tincture of water and ash. This will require three tablespoons of ashes per three liters of water. Everything is mixed and insisted for a day, after which the plant is watered at the very roots, one hundred grams of liquid for each root. Cucumbers are advised to pre-water before feeding, so the roots of the plant will be protected from burns.
For onions, ashes also have protective value. Very often, the bulbs are affected by a disease such as root rot and the ash has excellent antifungal properties. It is best to apply useful fertilizer during spring training bulbous garden. Thus, the onion will also be saved from the onion fly. Top dressing can be poured in liquid form, or you can make furrows along the beds, pour ashes into it and dig in with earth.
Fertilizer must be stored in a dry place, as it absorbs moisture very much. Wet ash loses one of its most valuable elements - potassium, which is why its function as organic fertilizer is significantly reduced.
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