Cabbage - planting and care in the open field, the basic rules of cultivation. Rules for growing white cabbage in open soil

Even the most unpretentious plant requires basic knowledge of agricultural technology. And such a vegetable as cabbage, planting and care in open field behind which does not need much effort, deserves attention. Timely landing in compliance with all the rules, painstaking care - this is the key to the successful cultivation of white cabbage in the garden. Let's consider in detail how to get a decent harvest.

There are some factors to take into account. How to plant cabbage in open ground:

1. White cabbage likes moist soil, you need to choose a place for growing somewhere in the lowland.
2. Cabbage needs light, the landing site should be sunny.
3. She has a huge number of pests, so you can re-plant cabbage in the same garden only after a couple of years.

Before planting, it is worth properly preparing the soil. In September, the ground should be carefully dug up, leaving the soil as uneven as possible to provide the cabbage with more moisture. In the spring, the dried-up earth is carefully leveled with a rake. Next, cabbage sits down, planting and care in the open field, which is described in detail below.

How to plant cabbage in open ground with seedlings?

A seedling suitable for planting is considered only when it has 5-7 leaves, and its height is 12-20 cm in the earliest varieties of white cabbage, 4-6 leaves and 15-20 cm in ripening in the middle and late. Planting cabbage in open ground is done to a depth of the first leaf, while paying attention that the growth point during planting is not covered with soil. It is necessary to plant seedlings of cabbage in the evening, or in cloudy weather, so that the bright rays of the sun do not harm the seedling.

Distance between seedlings of cabbage in open ground

When thinking about how to plant cabbage in open ground with seedlings, the first thing to consider is the size of the vegetable. If you know approximately what size the crop will be, it is very simple to calculate the scheme - it is better to maintain the distance between the bushes in two estimated head diameters. The most common schemes for planting cabbage, so that planting and care in the open field is convenient, are 50x50 cm, 40x40 cm, 50x40 cm, 70x30 cm.

The temperature of planting seedlings of cabbage in open ground

The result of growing white cabbage also depends on the time of planting seedlings. For each band they will be different, the only factor that is important to take into account is the temperature environment. Planting cabbage in open ground with seedlings should be carried out if the daily air temperature has reached at least 12-14 degrees.

How to plant cabbage in open ground with seeds?

If you do not want to purchase ready-made seedlings for a number of reasons, you can grow cabbage in open ground from seeds. In this case, the seeds are planted directly in the ground. An important rule on how to plant cabbage in open ground is a small depth of the holes, 1.5-3 cm. After germination, the cabbage must be thinned out, leaving a distance between the bushes of 40 cm. vegetable growing seedling way.

Planting dates for cabbage

The time when you can plant cabbage in the open ground with seeds should be early, otherwise it will sprout in the hot season, and the hot sun will most likely prevent the moisture-loving cabbage from growing. Approximate planting dates for cabbage seeds are the first of April, possible spring frosts are not harmful to her.

Growing white cabbage outdoors

If you are an inexperienced summer resident, and the question of how to grow cabbage in the open field is embarrassing, do not despair - caring for it is not at all painstaking, even a beginner can easily cope with such a task. But there are some important rules that, if strictly adhered to, will give you excellent results from your efforts.

Soil for cabbage in the open field

It is necessary that the soil for cabbage in the open field be soft, loose and uniform, so you should choose a site for it in the country without stones, sand and other things. Another very important care point is loosening the soil for planting cabbage. No matter how ideal the soil is, at least once every ten days it is necessary to loosen it well around the bush, filling it with oxygen.

Outdoor cabbage care

Plant care mainly consists in the constant loosening of the soil, its high-quality fertilizer, proper timely watering, and be sure to weed - weeds should be removed immediately. We will consider the remaining important points on how to care for cabbage in the open field in more detail.

Soft and moist soil binding rule care for successful cultivation, and watering cabbage in the open field should be carried out daily, it is better to use devices that allow you to evenly spray water. Even with a short lack of fluid and moisture, the cabbage can become stiff and stop growing, and often further good watering unable to remedy the situation.

But at the stage when the seedlings are only planted in open ground, other rules apply - for accustoming bushes, abundant watering is detrimental and will lead to their decay and death. Therefore, at first planting, the ground should be moderately moist, and over time, when the cabbage begins to grow actively, it needs to be provided with water daily.

To get a bountiful harvest, it is difficult to do without a good top dressing, and white cabbage is nothing special. During the rapid growth of green mass, it is important to provide the plant with right amount nitrogen, and when forming a head, white cabbage especially needs phosphorus and potassium.

Basic rules for feeding cabbage in the open field:

1. Fertilizers applied to the holes during planting. The first feeding option is a complex mixture, it requires 0.5 kg of humus or, 1 teaspoon of superphosphate and two tablespoons of ash, put this mixture into the wells. The second option is an organic mixture, for which you need a large handful of humus or compost and three tablespoons of ash, mix the ingredients with the soil and put them in the holes.
2. The first dressing of cabbage. If the holes were filled during planting, it can be skipped. The first feeding should contain most of the nitrogen-based fertilizers that promote rapid growth.
3. The second top dressing is carried out two weeks later (10-15 days) after the first, fertilizer mixtures based on or chicken manure are often used.

For cabbage of later varieties, a third and fourth dressing is done, which is dominated by potassium sulfate and ash - it is not only a nutritious fertilizer, but also helps well in pest control. For top dressing and simultaneous protection, kaputa bushes are sprinkled with ashes. It is better to do this in the morning or at any time of the day after rain, so that the ash remains on the leaves.

How to form cabbage in the open field?

Caring for cabbage also means helping the bush form a head, and key point is the desired temperature for its cultivation. In order for the cabbage to form correctly, planting and care in the open field must be in a certain temperature regime - 14-16 degrees Celsius during the growth of the bush. If the temperature rises to around 25 degrees, the formation of a head can be undermined, which will certainly affect the yield.

- a great alternative to the usual care of plants, greatly facilitating work on the site. The land should be prepared in the fall - after digging, the future cabbage bed is covered with straw, humus can be poured on top, during the winter the soil receives fertilizer, and in spring the shelter will not allow weeds to germinate.

As soon as the time is right for planting, cabbage seedlings are planted in the soil, further cultivation and maintenance is done in soft, moist soil. Planting seedlings in mulched soil is very simple - you just need to push the straw apart, make a small hole and fill the bush with earth and straw in accordance with all the rules. In the process of growth, seedlings do not differ in any way from those planted in the usual way, except important points- the soil retains moisture much longer, which allows you to water the seedlings many times less often, and the problem of weeds completely disappears - the straw does not allow them to germinate.

Mulching does not eliminate the need for plant nutrition. Freshly cut grass, weeds, sawdust, tree leaves are often used as mulch - whichever option you choose, moisture-loving cabbage, planting and caring for which in open ground is already greatly simplified, will give the expected harvest.

Diseases of cabbage in the open field

Like others cultivated plants, white cabbage can sometimes hurt, in these cases it requires special care and sometimes serious measures. Cabbage diseases can completely kill the crop, every summer resident should know about the most famous of them.

Pests of cabbage in the open field deserve special attention, which can ruin the entire crop.

You can get a generous harvest of vegetables, even without much experience garden work. It is only necessary to observe the sowing dates and know all the features of growing cabbage in the open field.

Cabbage is a very useful and versatile vegetable in cooking: it is fried, stewed, boiled and baked. It is used in fresh for preparing salads and cold appetizers, it is included in many first and second courses, it makes mouth-watering stews and excellent fillings for pies. In addition, it should be noted that cabbage is one of the unpretentious horticultural crops and provide her favorable conditions is not a big deal. But still successful cultivation white cabbage depends on compliance with the basic requirements.

The soil under the bed is fertilized in the fall by introducing manure, humus or compost for deep digging

The soil under the bed is fertilized in the fall by introducing manure, humus or compost for deep digging at the rate of half a bucket per 1 sq. m area. Mineral fertilizers should be used as carefully as possible, since cabbage tends to accumulate nitrates. Therefore, it is better to abandon them altogether or use them in a reduced dosage.

Humidity for cabbage is extremely important and directly affects the formation of the crop. Such exactingness is explained simply - the water entering the roots is intensively evaporated by large leaves, as a result of which the plants quickly lose moisture. Therefore, with insufficient rainfall, it is necessary to ensure regular watering, and preferably by sprinkling, in order to saturate not only the soil, but also the air with moisture.

If you have sandy soil in your country house, then for cabbage beds it is better to choose lowlands, places near a reservoir, or plant them where it is easier to organize watering.

Video about growing cabbage

Sowing seeds directly into the ground saves you from extra hassle

There are two ways to grow cabbage: by sowing seeds in open ground or through. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. So planting seedlings allows you to get earlier harvests and provide care for growing plants, which is important when growing in the country, when it is not possible to visit the site every day. On the other hand, sowing seeds directly into the ground saves you the hassle of placing containers with seedlings and subsequent transplanting.

When sowing cabbage immediately on permanent place it is better to cover the moons glass jars or transparent plastic bottles with cut bottom. This will create "greenhouse" conditions for the early germination of seeds and the formation of a rosette. And only when the leaves become crowded under the shelter - it is removed.

Also, when planning to grow your own cabbage, it is worth deciding on the seed, the varietal characteristics of which will determine the sowing time and, accordingly, the expected harvest time.

1. Early cabbage is distinguished by tender leaves collected in loose heads of medium size. Harvest can be obtained after 90-100 days from emergence. The most popular varieties are June, Express, Golden Hectare, Transfer F1. Sowing seeds is carried out from 10 to 25 March.
2. Medium cabbage is grown for summer consumption and home canning. Heads of cabbage are ready for harvesting 4-5 months after sowing the seeds. Varieties - Glory 1305, Symphony F1, Table F1 and others. Sow from the end of March to April 10.
3. Late cabbage with a long ripening period. Its dense, hard heads tolerate transportation well and can be stored for a long time, so it is most often grown for consumption in winter time. Proven varieties: Stone head, Kharkiv winter, Morozko, Arctic F1, Garant F1. Sowing on seedlings or in open ground is recommended from April 5 to April 20.

It is also worth mentioning that if seedlings are grown on a windowsill at a high enough for cabbage room temperature, she tolerates transplantation and adaptation very painfully, therefore, two weeks before disembarkation, she must be hardened. You can save yourself from these troubles by sowing seeds in the country in a greenhouse or film greenhouses, where during the day the air is warmed up by the intense spring sun, and at night the temperature drops to minus levels.

Video about seed selection

There are no exact dates for planting seedlings, but a characteristic feature has been noticed - the younger the sockets, the faster they take root in a new place. Therefore, if the cabbage has already formed 2-3 true leaves, it is quite ready for planting.

Before planting, seedlings should be generously watered, especially if they were grown in ordinary containers, and not in peat cups.

Having chosen a place for a bed, dig up or loosen the ground that has compacted during the winter, level it with a rake and prepare holes, according to the planting scheme:

• for early varieties and hybrids - 30x40 cm;
• medium-ripening cabbages are planted at a distance of 50x60 cm;
• large heads of late varieties will need at least 55x70 cm.

Before planting, seedlings should be generously watered, especially if they were grown in ordinary containers, and not in peat cups. The same applies when growing seedlings in a greenhouse, because plants saturated with moisture will more easily endure the transplant, and even remove them from loose earth easier. The holes are also watered with water and, without waiting for it to be completely absorbed, young cabbage rosettes are planted directly in this mud. After transplanting, the bushes are again generously watered and mulched with wood chips with the addition of crushed eggshell. Such a shelter will prevent the rapid evaporation of moisture and protect plantings from the invasion of slugs, which simply cannot overcome the “prickly” barrier.

Abundant and repeated watering during transplantation will ensure the penetration of cabbage roots into the depths of the soil, where the plant will be able to independently obtain moisture without requiring frequent watering.

Video about sowing seedlings

Garden care

Further care for cabbage is to protect it from numerous pests, prevent diseases, as well as control the level of humidity and regular weeding.

Video about caring for planted cabbage

A great way to solve security problems is to use modern drugs such, for example, as Prestige, which has both insecticidal and fungicidal properties. And in this case, do not be afraid to use "chemistry", because the action of the drug is limited to two months, after which it completely disintegrates. Therefore, if you strictly follow the instructions and treat the cabbage with such a disinfectant at the seedling stages, you can protect it from the cruciferous flea, cabbage fly, scoops and aphids, and also prevent the development of fungal diseases.

But you can grow kaputa without "chemistry" at all. Organic insect control measures can be dusting wet cabbage leaves with wood ash and tobacco dust with the addition of ground red pepper powder. Good protection for planting in the country will be joint landings cabbage with garlic, nasturtium, marigolds or Chernobrivtsy, which repel pests with their smell.

Climate change is making growing vegetables more difficult. How to care for white cabbage in conditions of non-standard natural phenomena and get good harvest?

White cabbage - cold-resistant, photophilous plant. For its full development and maturation, daylight hours lasting at least 13 hours are required. Depending on the region, early and mid-season varieties ripen no earlier than 70 days or more. How to grow white cabbage in order to get a good harvest in any region? To do this, you must follow some rules.

How to choose and prepare white cabbage seeds?

The growing region plays a major role in the selection of seeds for sowing. The further north the site is located, the more early-ripening varieties you need to choose. On the packaging in the description contains the dates of sowing and the estimated harvest of the crop.

But, as a rule, these data are indicated in the case of strict adherence to agricultural care and cultivation. Such violations, as well as a failure in climatic conditions - drought, heavy and prolonged rains, prolonged frosts - adversely affect the agricultural practices of growing white cabbage.

The main task of preparing white cabbage seeds is to improve their germination and further healthy development of sprouts. To do this, carry out a number of activities with seeds:

• Calibration;
• hardening;
• Stratification - maintaining wet seeds a certain amount of time at low temperatures;
• Soaking in a disinfectant solution;
• warming up;
• Processing with microelements;
• Germination.

The process can be described in the following way. After calibration, dry seeds of white cabbage are placed in hot (about 45-50 C) water for 15 minutes. Then dipped in cold liquid for a minute. Induce a solution with trace elements and put them in it for 12 hours. After washed clean water and placed in the refrigerator overnight. It remains to dry the seeds and sow.

Soil preparation for sowing and seedlings

The seeds are sown in boxes. But to make it easier for plants to transplant into open ground, it is better to sow each seed in a separate container.

You can buy them if it is not possible to equip yourself. The root system in this case is not stressed, since it is carefully moved with a clod of earth into the prepared hole. Although cabbage is not picky about transplanting, this method of planting will allow you to get a crop earlier.

When planning a place for planting seedlings of white cabbage, it is worth remembering which culture was its predecessor. It is desirable that onions, green manure, cereals, carrots, cucumbers and potatoes grow here before.
It is necessary to exclude the planting of a vegetable crop in the place of the cruciferous family - radish, radish, various kinds and varieties of cabbage, beets, turnips, as well as tomatoes.

A plot for cabbage is prepared in advance, preferably in the fall. If the soil is acidic, then lime is added. Neutral soils are the most favorable.

In the spring, organic and mineral fertilizers are added per 1 m 2:

• - 3-4 glasses;
• Overripe organics - 1 bucket;
• - 1 tablespoon;
• - 2 tablespoons.

The soil is dug up, weed roots are cleaned and the beds are prepared by applying fertilizers. There can be several options for the formation of beds, it all depends on the preferences and physical strength of the gardener. Planting in boxes, a separate bed for each seedling, rectangular beds in 1 and 2 rows, etc. It is important that the water does not flow to one bush, but is evenly distributed over the entire surface, irrigating all plants.

If dry winds prevail in the region or there are problems with water, timely loosening and mulching will help to prolong soil moisture.

How to plant seedlings of white cabbage

Holes are made in prepared beds with a hoe. It is important that their depth is slightly greater than the height of the plant's root system. If the hole turned out to be larger than necessary, then a little earth is added to it. The main thing is that the depth should not be less than the root. Otherwise, the plant will fall and take root poorly.

Another important point. When planting a plant, you need to make sure that the cabbage outlet is not covered with earth. Otherwise, its growth will stop and the culture will die.

Before planting white cabbage, it is watered. If the seedling is sitting in a separate pot, then after the earth has been saturated with moisture, it is carefully turned upside down with one hand, grabbing the upper surface of the container with the palm of the other hand. In this case, a stem should remain between the fingers. Gently shaking the pot, a lump of earth along with the root will come out and remain intact in the palm of your hand. It remains only to turn it upside down, put it in the hole, sprinkle it tightly with earth and water it.

Planting scheme for early varieties - 40X25 cm, medium and late - 40X60 cm.

If a strong heat is expected after planting seedlings, then caring for white cabbage, in addition to mulching the soil, will consist in protecting young leaves from sunburn. To do this, you can make a small canopy, the basis of which is wooden or metal carcass, covered nonwoven fabric or any light fabric.

Necessary conditions for growing white cabbage

To get a good harvest, it is important to maintain the basic conditions for growing white cabbage:

• Optimum air and soil temperature during the growing season and maturation; otherwise, it will lead the plant to flowering and other problems;
• Sufficient amount of light; do not plant plants near trees and in other shaded places; the cabbage will stretch; this will cause poor tying of a fork or head of cabbage;
• Watering; cabbage is very demanding on timely abundant watering; but it is worth remembering that excessive everyday moisture will lead to premature cracking of the fork;
• Soil cultivation - loosening, mulching will reduce the number of irrigations and provide free air access to the root system;
• Protection from pests and diseases.

When growing white cabbage, you need to take into account the cold-resistant qualities of the plant. For example, frost resistance depends on the age and variety of the crop. For the appearance of sprouts, 2-3 degrees above zero is enough. But friendly shoots will appear in 4-5 days at a temperature of about 20 degrees Celsius.

Hardened seedlings with a developed root system or planted in the ground no earlier than 10-14 days can cope with the impact of night frost. In this case, the thermometer should be at least 3-5 degrees below zero. Optimum temperature air for growing seedlings is considered to be 13-15 C, and soil - 2-3 degrees lower.

If support the necessary conditions on the open ground for the development and cultivation of white cabbage is difficult or not possible, then you should take care of the construction. It is important to choose varieties bred for indoor cultivation. This will avoid many diseases, especially fungal, characteristic of the cruciferous family.

Here you can see varieties of white cabbage with a photo.

What is the peculiarity of growing cabbage in a seedless way?

White cabbage, grown in a seedless way, gives a high yield ahead of schedule by 10-12 days. Seeds are sown 3-4 pieces in one nest and immediately to a permanent place. What is the peculiarity of such a method?

It is necessary to be very careful in choosing a site, because completely unprotected crop sprouts will appear there. Protection against pests and diseases is somewhat more difficult than in greenhouse conditions. Before planting, the soil should be cleaned as much as possible from the roots of weeds and harmful insects. White cabbage grown in this way is more hardy, hardened and productive.

Pre-treatment of seeds is carried out and sown in well-prepared soft moist soil, sprinkling. After germination, the plants are thinned out, leaving the strongest.

It's easy to grow a good cabbage crop (video)

​Related Articles​

. Mid-season variety. The period from germination to harvest is 68-72 days. The leaves are light, yellow-green. Refined taste. The plant is rich in easily digestible proteins, vitamins C, B1, B2, PP, mineral salts, carotene and other substances valuable for the human body.

Cabbage is different: white, red, Brussels sprouts, Peking, cauliflower, ornamental .... This article will focus on the cultivation of white cabbage. It plays an important role in human nutrition; without it, you cannot cook cabbage soup or borscht. Most of the population of our country harvests cabbage for the winter. What are the features of growing cabbage in open ground?

Seed preparation

Need to sterilize before planting

At this stage, cabbage should be watered once every 10 days, after watering the ground needs to be loosened. When leaves appear, you need to fertilize the cabbage nitrogen fertilizers. To do this, you need 10 liters of water, and dissolve 10 g of ammonium nitrate in them. Such a solution is needed to fertilize 5-6 plants.

Sowing dates

The low temperature should be maintained for about a week before the leaves appear. It is best to take the plant to the balcony to achieve this temperature. And after the leaves appear, again increase the temperature of the content to 15 degrees or even 18.

necessary watering. Only under the condition of frequent watering will you get an elastic ovary and, as a result, a good head of cabbage;

Growing conditions

Mix one part of humus and sod land;

7. Before moving the seedlings to the site, it is not watered. Plants that are slightly wilted do not break so easily.
To combat this pest, DDT dust or 6% hexachloran dust are used, which are used to pollinate the plant after planting. The procedure is carried out two or three times with an interval of a week. The soil is watered using 30% thiophos (0.03% concentration). You can sprinkle the ground near the plant with naphthalene mixed with sand (1: 5).

Site preparation

Seedlings of different varieties are planted according to different schemes:

Cabbage is a very important crop that has been cultivated since time immemorial. Nowadays, there are more than ten of its species and many varieties.

Cabbage Beijing Glass

Seedling growing method

All varieties of cabbage can be divided into three groups according to ripening time: early, medium (mid-early and mid-late) and late. Agrotechnics of cultivation different varieties different, but also a lot in common. Early cabbage gives a harvest in 2 - 3 months, medium - in 3 - 5 months, late - in 5 - 7 months from germination.

At a temperature of about 80 degrees.

The second period begins with the leaves on the seedlings and lasts until a head begins to form.

Growing without a pick

Ventilate the room regularly, the air should be fresh, but not cold. Once a week, water the seedlings with a small solution of potassium permanganate.

Landing in open ground

preventive treatment of formed heads of cabbage with various disinfectants to prevent the development of diseases;

Then a little ash should be added to the resulting mixture (approximately 10 tablespoons for every 10 kg of soil). Ash will be used by the plant as a source of macro- and microelements, and will also serve as an excellent antiseptic;

Compliance with such simple rules will allow you to get an excellent harvest of this useful crop.
A plant that has just begun to sprout can damage cruciferous flea that feeds on cabbage leaves. Protect against this pest early sowing and planting seedlings, which allows the plants to get stronger before the flea becomes active. To accelerate growth and increase resistance, the plant is fed using saltpeter and slurry.
- early white and red cabbage - 30-40;
Cabbage contains a lot useful substances: proteins, fiber, vitamins, macro- and microelements. Regular consumption of any variety of cabbage is a good prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Cabbage is useful for various diseases, such as anemia, various infections, skin diseases, etc. In addition, cabbage leaves are used as compresses for various wounds, headaches, upper respiratory tract diseases.
. Mid-season variety. The period from germination to harvest is 65-70 days. The taste qualities are excellent. Recommended for fresh consumption.​
Since cabbage does not tolerate transplanting well enough, it is best to grow it in peat pots or separate containers. It is necessary to try as accurately as possible to determine the time of planting seedlings in open ground in accordance with the weather. Usually cabbage seedlings are planted at 40 - 60 days of age, when it is already quite strong and developed. But you can land it in more early dates, then it will quickly take root in a new place.

Let's dwell separately on the features of growing cauliflower, which is healthy and very tasty, which is why children love it very much.

seedless way

Nitrogen supplements should be practiced in the same volumes

About a couple of weeks after germination,

Periodic weeding of emerging weeds.

Feeding and care

Mix the resulting substrate well.

Cabbage is one of the main vegetable crops our latitudes, it is almost universally grown in household plots. Therefore, it is often necessary to obtain her seedlings. In this article, we will consider the features of planting cabbage for seedlings, tell you what needs to be done in order to achieve an excellent result.

The cabbage whitefish (a white butterfly with black-spotted wings) can also damage the plant. Caterpillars emerge from the eggs that are laid on the underside of the leaf. Spreading through the plant, they feed on leaves, eating them down to coarse veins. In the fight against cabbage whites, the same means are used as for the cabbage moth.

- broccoli - 30-60, in order to develop side shoots - 40-60;​

Many gardeners are interested in how to grow early cabbage in their area. It is quite simple, this crop does not require special growing conditions.

Pest control

Beijing cabbage is a relatively cold-resistant, early maturing plant that grows well at moderate temperatures. Frost resistance of plants is low. In areas with long days, low temperatures in spring and early summer, it often switches to flowering without forming a good rosette of leaves.

Sow cabbage seeds for seedlings from February to May. The sowing time depends on the variety and the goals that you set for yourself. For example, to get early harvest cabbage should be sown as early as possible, and for harvesting for the winter, the calculation is based on the ripening time of cabbage. late cabbage in any case, it is necessary to sow seedlings at the end of February or in the first decade of March, otherwise it will not have time to ripen. Mid-ripening and mid-late cabbage should be sown in March - early April, early cabbage - from early March to May.

Seeds for seedlings should be sown in the second half of March, and this should be done approximately every 20 days so that the harvest is rich and pleases the whole season.

, as before. You should regularly water the cabbage and do not forget about loosening, with proper care, the sheets will appear almost daily.

Seedlings should be transplanted into a larger container

There are other options for soil mixtures. They may differ in the main component. For example, peat can be used instead of sod land. The main thing in your experiments is to get well-aerated soil with a large margin nutrients. Then the substrate should be treated with a solution of potassium permanganate.

Growing early cabbage in a greenhouse

Getting down to the idea of ​​​​planting cabbage, however, like any other vegetable, you first need to decide on its variety. There are a wide variety of varieties. They differ in their palatability, as well as in terms of maturation. You also need to consider why you are planting it: for spring salad, autumn sourdough or winter storage. There are the following varieties of cabbage:

Huge damage to the plant is caused by colonies of cabbage aphids, which suck the juices from plants. The leaves then become stained, begin to curl. The growth of cabbage slows down, the head tying stops.

​- Brussels sprouts - 60-70;​

Growing early cabbage begins with the preparation of seeds that need to be sorted and disinfected. To do this, they must first be placed for 20 minutes in hot, then for one or two minutes in cold water and dry. If you purchased seeds in a store, then there is no need for such preparation.​

For the normal development of plants and the formation of a head of cabbage, an elevated temperature (20 ° C) is required, the provision of soil with elements mineral nutrition and moisture. Beijing cabbage is very badly damaged by clubroot, cruciferous flea and cabbage fly.​

Harvesting

Cabbage seedlings grow best in sunny greenhouses, sown in optimal timing. At night, the temperature there is low (but not below freezing!), And during the day it corresponds to the optimal growth regime for cabbage. Therefore, seedlings grow strong, healthy and prepared for outdoor cultivation.​

Important Rules

To begin with, the seeds are prepared in advance: we pick the largest ones and disinfect them by soaking them in a solution of potassium permanganate for half an hour. Then

At this stage, you need to start an active pest control, preferably without the use of harmful poisons and chemicals. Some pests, such as bollworm or bollworm, can be dealt with by hand if your area is not too large.​

For example, in peat pots, cassettes or plastic bags with soil. An hour before transplanting, seedlings should be watered, and then a plant should be selected along with a soil lump. When transplanting, it must be buried in the ground at the level of the cotyledon leaves.

This video will tell you how to properly sow cabbage for seedlings.

early ripe;

To combat this pest, before tying the head, the plant is sprayed using anabasin sulfate (concentration - 0.2%) or 2.5% dust metaphos. Spraying with a decoction of tobacco is effective, to obtain which you need to pour tobacco dust (400 g) with water (2 l) and boil for 2 hours. The cooled solution is filtered. Then it is necessary to add soap (50 g) to it and dissolve everything in a bucket of water.

- early kohlrabi - 30-40;

Before planting, it is advisable to soak the seeds of early cabbage and harden them at a temperature of +1 ... +2 ° C for about a day. Thanks to this, they will germinate faster, in addition, such preparation increases the cold resistance of plants.

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Planting cabbage for seedlings: technique, timing, video

Early production of Beijing cabbage in the open field is most often obtained by sowing seeds into the soil in the first half of May. Under crops, protected greenhouse and inter-greenhouse areas and insulated soil are used. Sowing is carried out with specially prepared seeds on low ridges in rows at a distance of 20 cm row from row. 1.5-2 g of seeds are consumed per 1 m2.

Variety selection

Early cabbage is planted at a distance of 50x50 cm, medium - 60x60 cm and late - 70x70 cm. After planting the seedlings in the ground, it must be protected from the cruciferous flea. To do this, there is the easiest way: sprinkle the planted cabbage with dry ash, which is obtained from tree species. If a it's raining, then you need to sprinkle once a day. To avoid diseases of seedlings, it is necessary to water it with a pink solution of potassium permanganate, and loosen the ground every time after watering the next day. For good growth, cabbage needs oxygen to the roots and moisture. But cabbage does not tolerate excess moisture and lack of moisture. Therefore, the land on which cabbage is grown should not be too fertilized and loose on the one hand, and not too dense and poor on the other.

• you need to wash them in clean and cool water
• You can use decoctions and infusions on tomato leaves, wormwood, yarrow, garlic, dandelions and so on against pests.
• Cabbage is planted in open ground when at least 5 leaves already grow, and also when the plant is at least 12 cm long. This should be done around the end of April or beginning of May.

Planting early cabbage and caring for it is not as difficult as many summer residents imagine. You can plant early cabbage using both seedling and seedless method. The most important thing when growing is proper care and control of growth in seedlings.

. This may lead to the development various diseases and a decrease in the quality of the crop.​

mid-season;

Seedling growing technology

Cabbage is one of the main crops planted in greenhouses. They mainly grow white early cabbage. When to sow seeds with this method?

- Savoy cabbage - 70-30;

Site preparation

Planting dates depend on the variety and type of early cabbage. When is the best time to sow in order to get a good harvest? To prevent the death of seedlings from cruciferous flea, the surface of the ridge, even before they appear, should be sprayed with a 0.1-0.2% solution of chlorophos. Spraying is repeated 8-10 days after germination. It is also very important that the cabbage has enough light. In conditions where the cabbage does not have enough light, it gives large leaves, but the head of cabbage turns out to be loose and small. Therefore, a place for growing cabbage must be chosen sunny.

Then place in a solution of ash for two hours, after dissolving a tablespoon of ash in water. If there is no ash, then just wrap them in a damp cloth and put them in a warm place.​

And when a head of cabbage begins to form, it will need to be fed with a solution of 10 g of potassium nitrate diluted with 10 liters of water based on 6 plants.

You need to plant seedlings to the depth of the third cotyledon leaf.

• Preparation for planting begins long before it, at the end of summer or at the beginning of September. The soil needs to be dug up or, in some cases, even fertilized, then left until spring. All this should be done when the weather is dry outside.
• Before sowing, it is necessary to water the prepared soil well. Then the seeds can be sown. Seeds should be grown on the substrate in rows. The distance between them should be 1 cm, at the same time between the grooves - 3 cm. It is necessary to sow the seeds in a fairly blurred range. Seeds of early varieties should be sown in early March, medium ones - from the end of March and all of April, but late ones - throughout April (up to the 20th of its numbers).
• Late ripe.

To grow early cabbage in a greenhouse, seeds must be sown in early February. In early April, seedlings are planted at a distance of 35-40 cm. Seedlings should have 3-4 true leaves, they must first be hardened.

- early cauliflower - 30-60. Early varieties of white and red cabbage for seedlings, they are sown at the end of March, broccoli and cauliflower - from mid-March to the end of April, Brussels sprouts - from mid-to-late April. It is very important to take into account the climatic conditions.​

To get the most early production use a seedling method of growing with the use of peat pots. Seedlings begin to prepare 20-25 days before planting. Usually the seeds are sown on a school in boxes, at the rate of 0.8-1 g per box. 8-10 days after the emergence of seedlings, the plants in the phase of cotyledon leaves dive into peat pots.

Seedling Care

It is very important to protect cabbage from caterpillars. Caterpillars appear after the flight of butterflies, which lay their eggs on cabbage leaves. There is different ways control of these insects. You can spray plants with Intavir or other chemicals, you can collect eggs by hand if the area of ​​​​crops is small, or you can use a scare method by hanging shells from chicken eggs over cabbage. In this case, the butterflies, thinking that other butterflies are flying over the cabbage and the place is occupied, do not lay their eggs on the cabbage leaves. The most reliable way is to pick the caterpillars by hand and inspect the cabbage leaves for the presence of butterfly eggs.

The next step is planting the seeds in cassettes or peat pots. If the seeds do not germinate, they should be thrown away.

The third period comes when the cabbage rows close and the whole bed is covered with cabbage leaves. It is advisable to water and loosen the plant before harvesting, if you do not save it for the winter.

Landing in the ground

Landing should be carried out in cloudy weather When growing early varieties of cabbage​After you have prepared the necessary soil and sowed the seeds, you need to create suitable conditions for their germination. Temperature is important here. For seed germination, a temperature of + 4-5 degrees is required. After they have sprouted, the temperature should be + 20-25 degrees. Once the seeds have germinated, the seedlings need to be thinned out. The temperature should be 10 degrees lower. After one week, it should be already +17 degrees (at night - +9, and on cloudy days - +14).​

Early varieties are considered low-yielding. They are characterized by small (average about 1.5 kg) heads of cabbage, having average density. Early ripe varieties ripen within 90-120 days. They include the following types: Solo, Start, June, Transfer, Athlete, Cossack, Parel, Polar K-206, Eaton, Malachite, Craft.​

The appearance of the seedlings can tell what the crop will be like. Plants that have green leaves have a weak root system. And this means that the seedlings will not take root well. The shape of the leaf can be judged on the shape of the head. If the leaves are large, and the stem is short and thick, then there will be large heads of cabbage.

Seedling care

It is best to plant cabbage in cloudy or rainy weather. To prevent the soil from compacting and crusting, it must be regularly mulched or loosened.​

It is necessary to take into account several important points in order for early cabbage to grow and develop well. Planting and care for different varieties are basically the same. Cabbage cannot be grown in the same place for more than three years. It gives a good harvest in areas where legumes, beets, tomatoes, onions, potatoes, cucumbers used to grow.

• The technology for growing seedlings of Beijing cabbage is the same as for early white cabbage, the difference is only in the duration of the seedling preparation period.
• During the summer there are two flights of the cabbage fly, which lays its eggs under the root of the cabbage. White worms grow out of them and destroy the cabbage, biting into the root. To protect themselves from this misfortune, two methods are used: they pollinate cabbage with shag or tobacco before the flight of flies, or water the plants with water infused with tobacco or plants that repel butterflies. If the worms have already started and the cabbage is sick (the leaves fade during the day), then watering with salt water can save the plants: one liter of water per plant with a tablespoon of salt dissolved in this water.
• Before planting the seeds in the soil, do not forget to sterilize them to prevent black leg, and then dust them with ash. Plants should be transplanted into larger pots when at least two leaves appear on them.
• Above, we have already talked about which means are best used for pest control and that poisons should be avoided while doing so. Depending on the growing season, cabbage is endangered by pests such as:

Or after dinner, when planting, do not forget to water the plant.

Video "Sowing cabbage for seedlings"

They should be fed periodically

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Features of planting and caring for early cabbage

When the seedlings are two weeks old, they pick it up. To do this, they are planted according to the scheme (cassettes can be used for such purposes). It is necessary to deepen the seedlings into the substrate to the cotyledon. Then, after two weeks, they are transplanted again, but this time already in pots, paper or plastic cups or other similar container sized 5x5 cm. Before planting in a glass, seedlings are treated with a weak solution blue vitriol (blue color) or another drug that prevents the appearance of various fungal diseases. During this period, the temperature should be +21. If you do not want to make a pick, then you need to plant the seedlings immediately in separate pots. In this case, trauma to the root system practically does not occur. At the same time, you should not overmoisten the soil, otherwise your seedlings may be affected by black leg disease.

Required conditions for planting early cabbage

At the same time, medium-term varieties are suitable for summer consumption, and for pickling, storage. They have a ripening period of 150-170 days (there are also mid-ripening varieties that ripen a little faster - in 130-150 days). Mid-season cabbage varieties: Rinda, Pegasus, Slava 1305, Nadezhda, Rodolfo, Bronco. Mid-late varieties: Krautman, Mother-in-law, Dobrovodskaya, Sibiryachka-60, Midor, Druzhny, Megaton, Amager 611, Wintering 1474, Belorusskaya 455.​

The soil on which cabbage will be grown in a greenhouse should be well fertilized, dense, loamy and retain moisture well. It is necessary to regularly loosen the soil with fertilizing with a solution of manure. With this method of growing early cabbage, seeds are sown directly into the ground. Growing early cabbage in this way has its advantages. The plant does not have to be transplanted, the development of the root and aerial parts occurs faster than with the seedling method of cultivation, the yield increases. Sowing of early cabbage is carried out in different dates, depending on the region of growth. Any species of this crop is well suited for fertile, light loamy, sandy loam, sod-podzolic, peat soils with acidity close to neutral. A good harvest will not be on sandy and heavy clay soil.

Beijing cabbage is ready for planting in open ground 12-15 days after picking seedlings into peat pots.

• Watering cabbage must be carried out daily and better by sprinkling. With a lack of water, the cabbage becomes stiff and does not grow well. Even with further normal watering, the cabbage will not gain the lost mass. On the other hand, especially at the stage when cabbage takes root in open ground, waterlogging is very harmful to it. Under these conditions, she rots and dies.
• And after, when the number of leaves reaches four, and the frosts in the yard have finally stopped, cauliflower can be planted on the ground. After planting, it must be compacted and watered; in sunlight, the plant should be shaded so that the cabbage does not burn and die. When planting, do not allow the plant to thicken too much.
• Cabbage leaf beetle, cruciferous flea, cabbage fly and moth, stem secretive proboscis - infect cabbage at the very beginning of the growing season;
• Such a planting is possible only when all conditions exist for a long-term vegetation of the plant. This can be done in regions that are characterized by long and heavy rains, and the soil must also be cleared of weeds.​
• , fertilizers depend on the type of soil. For example, acidic soil needs to be fertilized with lime before digging so that the plant does not get sick after planting.

How to grow seedlings

A prerequisite for growing seedlings at home is its additional illumination with a simple fluorescent lamp. When the seedlings grow up, they can be planted in the soil.

And late-ripening cabbage is perfect for long-term fresh storage. These varieties ripen in 160-180 days. The most famous of them: Krumont, Cade, Gingerbread Man, Galaxy.​

The temperature range for growing cabbage is from 5 to 20 ° C. Young seedlings need additional lighting. During the formation of the head, the plant needs a lot of moisture.

Before planting, for protection against pests, the seeds are treated using 12% hexachloran. Seeding rate - 2 kg per 1 hectare, planting depth - 2-3 cm.​

The site should be open and well lit. In large areas in crop rotation fields for growing heads of Chinese cabbage, seedlings are planted in rows at a distance of 60 or 70 cm and in a row of 20 or 25 cm. rows can be reduced to 20 or 30 cm. Cut cabbage for storage after frost. It becomes softer, tastier and juicier. Cabbage calmly tolerates frosts down to minus 7 ° C, and many gardeners even specifically wait for the cabbage to freeze and it can be cut for harvesting. Mid-season varieties of cabbage are suitable for pickling. Late-ripening varieties are used for long-term fresh winter storage. Early ripe varieties of cabbage are not intended for salting and long-term storage.​

Planting cabbage in open ground

In hot weather, it should be constantly sprayed and watered.

Cabbage white - characteristic of the intermediate growing season; Cabbage seeds are planted in the ground to a depth of about 3 centimeters. It is necessary to sow cabbage in this way early. After germination ​Among the recommended fertilizers as top dressing:

Planting cabbage without seedlings

​After you received a good and strong seedlings it must be planted in the ground. But 12 days before that, it should be hardened in order to gradually accustom it to wind, sunlight and ambient temperature.

The next step is the actual cultivation of seedlings for planting. This stage is considered very important, because the quality of the seedlings themselves will depend on how high-quality the seeds were. Therefore, only high-quality seeds for planting cabbage for seedlings should be selected. In early varieties of cabbage, heads appear about 55-60 days after the seedlings were planted, that is, in late June - early July. The ripening of heads of cabbage is not simultaneous, so they need to be removed in several stages, cutting sharp knife. At the same time, 2-3 leaves and a stalk up to 2 cm long are left. After the plant has 4-5 true leaves, the cabbage is thinned out, leaving one plant at a distance of 40-50 cm from the other. Further care is the same as when growing with seedlings: watering, loosening, protection from pests.

Of great importance is the preparation of the site on which early cabbage will grow. Planting and caring for plants begins in the spring. The site for early cabbage must be prepared in the fall. To do this, it is dug up and fertilized. As fertilizers, the use of humus, manure and compost in the amount of 1-1.5 buckets per m2 is effective.​

When cultivating Beijing cabbage in a seedless way, seeds are sown in open ground on ridges according to a scheme similar to radish, at the rate of 10-12 kg per 1 ha.

Rules for caring for early cabbage

Chinese cabbage - annual plant from the cruciferous family. Until recently, it was little known in our country, it was grown in limited quantities. AT recent times widely cultivated indoors as salad plant, as well as in open ground in early spring. The leaves contain a large number of natural substances: vitamins, mineral salts and organic acids. It is most often eaten raw as a salad plant. In addition, the leaves are used to prepare cabbage rolls and boiled and stewed. Fertilize cauliflower with wood ash and manure Cabbage aphid and scoop - can attack the plant already when heads are formed.

cabbage needs to be thinned

Urea; It is not recommended to plant seedlings in open ground when the air temperature is low, because in this situation the seedling will give an arrow with seeds in 30 days Not the last place in growing seedlings for planting is played by its place of growth, soil selection and proper care . Let's consider all these stages in more detail.​

Thinking about how to grow early cabbage, you first need to take care of the quality of the seedlings, and for this you need to remember a few important points:

How the leaves will grow and what size the head will be depends on how much the plant is provided with nitrogen. Cabbage has a special need for nitrogen before heading out. When the head begins to tie, the plant needs potassium.

In addition, mineral fertilizers are also applied in the amount of 40 g of superphosphate per 1 m2 and half as much potassium chloride. Acidic soil is limed.

Caring for Chinese cabbage is simple and consists of keeping the soil loose and free from weeds. In the plots, after 20-25 days, the crops of the row are thinned out, leaving 10-15 cm between plants. The plants obtained from thinning are placed in boxes and sold as a salad for early production.

Pests and common diseases

For a long time, only one variety of Beijing cabbage was released - Khibinskaya, bred at the VIR Polar Experimental Station. This is early ripe variety, economic suitability occurs on the 30-35th day, however, 40-50 days pass before the formation of a full rosette, and 50-60 days before the formation of a loose head. Leaves entire, broadly obovate. The lower leaves are collected in a dense rosette. The color of the leaves is light green with a yellowish tint, the pubescence is weak, the digs are elongated-cylindrical in shape. The variety is very popular today.

• , The first time you need to feed the plant ten days after planting, and then every 2 weeks.
• If you grow cabbage in a greenhouse, then it is less susceptible to pests, however, you also need to follow the rules of care.
• up to 40 cm between rows. Caring for such cabbage is identical to caring for cabbage planted in seedlings.

double superphosphate;

• Many believe that the process of planting cabbage seeds to obtain quality seedlings simple but misleading. First you need to choose a suitable place.​
• 1. Before sowing seeds, they must be prepared to avoid infection of plants with infectious diseases.​
• A week after the seedlings were planted, they need to be fed using a solution of urea (for feeding ten plants - 3 tablespoons per 1 bucket of water), before tying a head of cabbage, nitrophoska is used for feeding (the same proportions for five plants) .​

With the advent of spring, the land on which early cabbage will be planted is dug up, loosened and fertilized. Manure is used as fertilizer (one bucket per square meter) and wood ash (1-2 tablespoons per square meter). Irrigation in combination with top dressing with mineral fertilizers (ammonium nitrate 0.8-1 centner or potassium nitrate 0.5-1 centner per 1 ha) contributes to obtaining a high-quality crop .But now there are many hybrids and varieties. Suffice it to mention just a few.​

How to grow early cauliflower

When the first inflorescences appear, break the leaves for shading, so the heads of cabbage will be lighter and larger. Cauliflower is not harvested immediately, but as it ripens.

The main diseases of cabbage:

The soil must always be moist constant watering and occasional spraying. Watering should be about 3 times a week. potassium sulfate; Usually, planting is carried out at the beginning (this applies to early varieties) or at the end of the month of May (for late varieties). Before sowing in open ground, it must be well watered. After that, the seedlings are not watered to prevent the development of root system diseases.

2. The soil mixture used should not be heavy. If soil from the garden is used, it must first be treated with cold on the street or on the balcony, heat treatment is also necessary. The best option is to purchase a special ready-made mixture.

Using organic fertilizers for top dressing, their solution is prepared a day before top dressing. The container is filled bird droppings half filled with water. Fertilizer must be stirred several times a day until a homogeneous liquid is obtained. Immediately before feeding, the liquid must be diluted with water ten times.

Growing early cabbage from seedlings allows you to get a good harvest. Seeds are sown in boxes filled with soil, which must first be leveled and watered. Then furrows are made about 1.5 cm deep, into which seeds are sown at a distance of 2 cm. Until shoots appear, it is necessary that the temperature in the room be about 20 ° C. When the seeds sprout, the temperature is reduced to 8 ° C and maintained at this level for a week, after which it must be increased to 16-18 ° C during the day and about 10 ° C at night. On sowing and planting Beijing cabbage in the open field, it is advisable to use temporary film shelters during the entire growing period. This allows for the most early landing or sowing and get a high yield. Beijing cabbage grown under film covers produces more tender and juicy leaves better taste than when grown outdoors without shelters. Beijing cabbage Shanghai

Ordinary white cabbage is also harvested as it ripens; for early varieties, a formed loose head is a sign of full ripening. See that it is dense so that it can be stored for as long as possible.​

Cabbage Harvest Rules

Black leg - can provoke rotting of the stem;

Before harvesting, water it only if you do not plan to store it for a long time. If you plan to use the crop for long-term storage, watering stops in a month.

Organic fertilizers; Early varieties of cabbage should be planted according to the 45x25 cm scheme. At the same time, the 35x60 cm scheme is suitable for planting late varieties. At the same time, the seedlings need to be deepened by 1 cm. In this case, it will be much easier to transfer it to a permanent place of growth.

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Cultivation of cabbage in open ground.

3. It is very important to observe the sowing dates. Early cabbage is sown in mid-March. To extend the harvest time, it can be sown in two to three days for two weeks.​

On the choice of varieties for cultivation

Cabbage loves moisture, so it is necessary to prevent the soil from drying out. Early cabbage is watered three to four times a week. Before harvesting, if further storage is expected, watering is stopped 35-45 days in advance.

seedling preparation

After two leaves appear, the seedlings are picked into separate containers. It is important to consider that additional lighting is necessary for good growth and development of cabbage.

Cabbage harvesting during thinning begins after 25-30 days. The main harvesting is started when the rosette is fully formed or a head is formed (on the 40th or 60th day from germination). It should be remembered that the leaves of thinned cabbage coarsen and for cooking fresh salads are not suitable.

. Medium-early variety (50-55 days from germination to ripening). A head of light green color, broadly elliptical, weighing up to 1.5 kg.

Outdoor cabbage care

Its peculiarity is that it does not give such a plentiful harvest as medium and late varieties. By the way, if you plant cabbage correctly, then immediately after the early varieties, the subsequent later ones will also ripen. Thus, you will be able to harvest the whole season.​

Kila - provokes growths and swelling;

Care for cabbage after planting is divided into several periods. The first occurs when the first leaves grow on the plant. At this time, careful care is needed, it is required to plant plants that have fallen out, also

Wood ash.

After all the above steps have been successfully completed, in order to obtain a high-quality and abundant harvest, certain rules for caring for seedlings must be followed.

Harvesting

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Chinese cabbage - planting and care

4. The container with seedlings should be located in a place where there is enough sunlight. Otherwise, seedlings may be pulled out. Additionally, fluorescent lighting is required in order to achieve a total day length of 12-14 hours.​

Chinese cabbage varieties

After watering, the soil must be loosened, each time reducing the depth of processing, so as not to damage the root system. In order for a healthy early white cabbage to grow, it must also be spudded, but not with dry soil.

After the appearance of 5-6 true leaves, the seedlings are planted in open ground.

For fresh consumption, cabbage must be removed more young age(in the phase of the rosette of leaves). Peking cabbage is harvested with leaves, damaged and yellowed outer leaves are removed and placed in boxes, sheltering from the sun. Peking cabbage Russian size F1 XL

As you can see, there is nothing difficult in planting and caring for early cabbage, Pernosporosis - the appearance of plaque and spots on the leaves.

Seedlings should be dusted with wood ash and tobacco dust You can grow seedlings of seeds of early cabbage of different varieties in a greenhouse or even in a house, the main thing is to follow the rules for caring for a plant.

For these purposes, the following procedures are carried out: Usually, cabbage seeds are sown in a vegetable or tray. A specially prepared soil mixture is placed in a container. It is recommended to carry out this process in the fall.

Biological features of Chinese cabbage

5. After the first true leaves appear, the seedlings need to be hardened off. In addition to low temperature, seedlings are hardened with bright light. To do this, it must be taken out into the street. This helps to avoid stretching seedlings.

Insects and other pests can cause irreparable damage to the crop, so care must be taken to protect plants.

Agricultural technology of Chinese cabbage

Planting early cabbage for seedlings in this way, use cups, peat tablets, pots or special trays. Two seeds must be sown in each container or cell. When shoots appear, only the strongest plant is left.

​Removed Chinese cabbage fades very quickly, losing its marketability. Therefore, it must be cleaned in the early morning hours, so that in the first half of the day it is sent to the consumer.​

. Large heads of cabbage weighing up to 4 kg (!) consist of very juicy, crispy leaves rich in proteins, carbohydrates and vitamins. A wonderful late-ripening hybrid, ripening in 80-90 days, resistant to stemming and low temperatures.​

the process of growing it is very simple

To protect the plant from these diseases,

So that it is not affected by pests like cruciferous fleas or slugs.

Seedlings are obtained as follows: after sowing, provide the plant with a temperature regime within 20 degrees, before germination, the temperature at night drops to between 6 and 9 degrees. If such a decrease is not done, then the seedlings may stretch too much.

Periodic feeding of the plant will allow you to get a tasty and healthy harvest. For dressing use a solution complex fertilizers with microelements that seedlings are sprayed with;

Instructions for preparing the soil mixture for obtaining good seedlings:

6. Watering should be moderate to prevent root rot. For irrigation use settled water at a temperature of 22-23 ° C.

Early white cabbage, as well as cauliflower, can be damaged by the cabbage fly, the larvae of which damage the roots of the plant. At the same time, the cabbage begins to wither in hot weather, and its lower leaves become bluish.

Chinese cabbage cultivation care

How to grow cabbage own dacha? White cabbage is a cold-resistant plant, demanding on soil and air moisture, intensive plant growth is possible only with sufficient water supply. Friendly shoots gives at a temperature of 18-20 degrees. Temperatures above 25 degrees have a depressing effect on it, and in hot weather (over 30-35 degrees) a head does not form.

Types of cabbage: 1. Wild annual. 2. Headed. 3. Colored. 4. Kohlrabi. 5. Brussels. 6. Savoy.

To get a good harvest of white cabbage on your personal plot or cottage, first of all, you need to seriously approach the choice of a landing site. It should be an open and sunny flat area with at least a slight south or southeast slope. The plot has been prepared since autumn, freeing it from plant residues, and after two weeks they dig it up to a depth of 25-30 cm. Since white cabbage is responsive to the application of mineral or organic fertilizers, we add 3-4 kg of manure or 4-5 kg ​​of compost per sq.m. to the soil. On soils rich in organic matter, spring application is sufficient. mineral fertilizers(20-30 g of superphosphate, 20-35 g of potassium chloride and 15-30 g of ammonium nitrate per sq.m). In the spring, before planting, the soil is dug up or loosened to a depth of 15-20 cm.

It will be correct to grow white cabbage in one place for no more than 2-3 years in a row. You can not use the same area for planting cabbage earlier than 4-5 years later. The best predecessors for planting cabbage - onions, cucumbers, potatoes, root crops, legumes and cereals. White cabbage is grown both in seedlings and by sowing seeds in the ground.

Growing seedlings of cabbage

Seeds of white cabbage of early varieties are sown from March 5 to 10, seeds of late varieties - from March 15 to 30, seeds of mid-season - April 15-20. The soil mixture for seedlings is prepared by mixing equal amounts of soddy soil, peat and sand. sod land it is better to take from the places of growth perennials. Add 1 tbsp to a bucket of soil mixture. a spoonful of superphosphate, 2 tbsp. spoons of wood ash and 1 tbsp. a spoonful of chalk or lime - fluff. Finished soil mixture fill boxes for seedlings, carefully level and water with a solution of potassium permanganate. Grooves are made in the soil for seeds 1 cm deep at a distance of 3 cm from one another. Seeds are sown in these grooves 1 cm apart and covered with the same soil mixture. Watered through a strainer a small amount warm water.

Boxes with seedlings are placed on the windowsill, every other day the soil is sprinkled with water. At a temperature of 18-20 degrees shoots appear on the 5-7th day. After the emergence of seedlings, it will be correct to move the box with seedlings to a room whose temperature does not exceed 7-8 degrees. If this is not done, the seedlings will quickly stretch and then die.

After about 10 days, the seedlings are picked. Before picking, the plants are watered with a solution of potassium permanganate. Seedlings dive into pots or cups 6x6 cm in size, filled with the same soil mixture. Each seedling, when picking, deepens into the soil to the cotyledon leaves. Pots with pickled seedlings are kept at a temperature of 17-18 degrees. When the seedlings take root, after 4-5 days the temperature is reduced during the day to 12-14 degrees, at night - up to 10-12 degrees. Water the seedlings as the soil dries out, the water temperature for irrigation is 18-20 degrees. The room is regularly ventilated.

During the first two weeks, the seedlings grow extremely slowly, gradually their growth will become more intense. Before planting in a permanent place, the plant should have 5-6 true leaves. 15-20 days before planting seedlings in open ground, hardening begins. low temperatures and the action of light, taking out seedlings during the day on the street or airing the room. The first foliar feeding is carried out when the plants have two true leaves. To do this, half a tablet of a microelement is diluted in 1 liter of water. The second top dressing is carried out at the beginning of hardening of seedlings (1 tablespoon of potassium sulfate and urea is diluted in a bucket of water). Top dressing is carried out by watering the leaves with a small watering can.

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Planting seedlings in the ground

The scheme of the correct planting depth of cabbage: a-deep, b-normal, c-shallow.

Grown seedlings of early varieties of white cabbage are planted from April 25 to May 5, late - from May 10 to May 20, mid-season - from May 20 to 31, the last planting date is June 1. Row spacing for early ripe varieties- 40-50 cm, distance between plants in a row - 25 cm, for medium and late-ripening varieties, respectively, 60 cm and 35 cm. It is recommended to plant seedlings on cloudy days or in the late afternoon. Two hours before planting, it is well watered. During planting, 0.5 - 1 liter of water is poured into the hole, the seedlings are buried to the level of the first true leaves and pressed with soil. The first 2 - 3 days the planted seedlings are shaded. 4-5 days after landing dead plants planting new ones.

Happy owners of dachas and garden plots, located in the southern regions of the country, practice planting seeds immediately in a permanent place in open ground and at the same time manage to get a good harvest of white cabbage in their dacha.

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Sowing seeds in open ground

For sowing seeds of white cabbage in the ground, we select the largest seeds (with a diameter of at least 1.5 - 2 mm). The selected seeds are subjected heat treatment to disinfect them from pathogens of fungal diseases. To do this, we produce an exposure of seeds for 20 minutes in hot water at a temperature of 50 degrees, then quickly cool, placing for 2 - 3 minutes in cold water. Scatter the treated seeds thin layer to a loose state. The seeds are ready for sowing.

Before planting seeds, the soil is well cultivated, breaking up lumps and loosening it to a depth of 15–20 cm. Seeds are sown in prepared grooves in a nested manner. The distance between rows and nests in a row is similar to the distance when planting seedlings. 3-5 seeds are sown in each nest, sprinkled with a mixture of peat and humus. When the second or third true leaves are formed on the plants, the crops are thinned out, leaving two in the nests, and then one of the most viable plants. Next, take care of the sowing, as well as in the case of growing seedlings.

In areas with mild winter, if there is a greenhouse in the country, apply winter way growing white cabbage. In this case, planting seeds to obtain seedlings is carried out in September, and seedlings in the ground - in November. The crop is harvested in mid-May, while cabbage can be eaten even before the head is formed, which is especially valuable in spring.