Raspberries are harvested in. When raspberries ripen in different regions, the timing of the collection of home and forest

Ready for raspberries!

Raspberries are a very tasty and healthy berry, known for its healing properties since ancient times. Raspberries contain B vitamins, vitamin C, E, PP, salicylic acid and various anti-sclerotic and antiseptic substances. Raspberries help in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, bronchitis, SARS, influenza, pneumonia and even tuberculosis (decoction and infusion of berries, twigs and leaves of raspberries). Useful substances strengthen blood vessels, help in the treatment of peptic ulcer. Raspberry is a good diaphoretic.

Raspberry bushes begin to bear fruit in the second year after planting. In central Russia, raspberries appear in late June - early July and for a long time (each bush of a simple raspberry bears fruit for about 20-25 days, remontant - longer) and delights us with its fragrant, sour-sweet fruits. Bees also love raspberry flowers and fly to them even in rainy weather.

How to pick raspberries from a bush

Raspberries are very tender. And as soon as you lightly press on them, raspberry juice will immediately flow .. Therefore, you should handle raspberries carefully and carefully.

Ripe raspberries are best harvested in dry weather, because wet berries spoil faster. If you have to transport raspberries, it is better to pick off the berries with a stem (fruit bearing), and then take it out when you cook jam or compotes.

If you quickly get to the kitchen with raspberries and the berry is still strong, then you can immediately collect without a stalk.

Take only good berries, without buds and rot, otherwise it will ruin the rest of your harvest. It is better not to be greedy and take only high-quality raspberries.

raspberry bush

What to collect raspberries

Containers for collecting raspberries should be wide and low so that the berries fit into them in a minimum number of layers and do not press against each other.

Gardeners collect raspberries in containers or other containers ( volume of 1.5-2 liters) with low sides, for example, like baskets made of birch bark or shingles - veneer. Wicker baskets are also good because they are full of holes and are well ventilated, without creating a greenhouse effect inside the basket.

As you have collected the next container - put the raspberries immediately in the shade or other cool, well-ventilated and dry place. Under such conditions, raspberries can be preserved for several hours without releasing juice.

In industrial collection, in addition to baskets, there is also a special corrugated container - cardboard cells (such as a cardboard egg cage, only very small cells for raspberries).

Do I need to wash raspberries

If you have harvested a large crop of raspberries and plan to use them for harvesting, then you just need to sort out the raspberries, removing twigs, random leaves and stems from the berries.

Raspberries do not need to be washed.

If you wash the raspberries, then half of the raspberry juice will leak into the water and the berries will get soaked and look like porridge. Not very useful and unattractive.

And if you have collected a couple of cups of raspberries and doubt whether some worm has crawled into the berry, and the raspberries, at the same time, are strong, then you can soak the berries for a short time in cool salted water. The worms will all come out.

raspberries

The collected raspberries will not be able to lie for a long time, your task is to get home as soon as possible and start harvesting raspberries. And if you don’t have enough berries, then rather eat them!

How to prepare raspberries for the winter

First of all, you need to decide on units of measurement . In 1 liter jar there will be approximately 600 g of raspberries. And 1 kg of raspberries is a little more than 1.5 liters.

• 1 kg of raspberries = 1.5-1.6 liter capacity;
• Liter jar \u003d 600 g of raspberries.

All raspberry preparations are medicinal (both jam and compotes).

1. How to cook raspberry compote

1.1. Raspberry compote with sugar

Sterilization time for jars of raspberries in their own juice without sugar depends on the size of the jars: 0.5 l jar - 15 min., liter jar - 20 min.

2. How to cook raspberry jam

Raspberry jam is cooked in different ways - in one or in several steps. And it differs in the amount of sugar per 1 kg of raspberries.

2.1. Instant raspberry jam

The most delicious raspberry jam is one in which there is little sugar and a short heat treatment (recipe for five-minute raspberry jam). This quick jam is cooked for 5-7 minutes after boiling and you need 2 times less sugar than berries (in units of weight).

But this instant raspberry jam needs to be stored in the refrigerator or cellar (basement).

If you don’t have room in the refrigerator, but only have a cool closet or pantry on the site of a multi-storey building, then other recipes for raspberry jam will suit you.

2.2. Raspberry jam with half sugar

This jam differs from the previous recipe in that it is either immediately cooked until cooked, in 1 serving (a sign of readiness is a drop of jam dropped on a saucer does not spread).

Or you can cook raspberry jam for five minutes (5-7 minutes after boiling) in 2 or 3 stages, taking a break between cooking at 6-8 hours or overnight.

Proportions for raspberry jam Half a kilo of sugar per 1 kg of raspberries.

2.3. Raspberry jam regular

This recipe for raspberry jam is the most persistent, maybe the berries do not retain their color and shape, but this jam can be stored at room temperature for 2 or 3 years.

You can cook simple raspberry jam in the same way as jam with half the norm of sugar - at one time or intermittently.

Proportions of simple raspberry jam

Raspberries and sugar - 1: 1 (in kilograms).

Which lids are suitable for raspberry jam

Any raspberry jam should be poured into jars hot. And any jam can be rolled up with iron lids.

Jam that is cooked for a long time, in 1 or 2 doses and is stored better, can be closed with nylon (plastic) lids or screw caps. Then you need to put a circle of paper on the jam in the jar and pour it with 1-2 tablespoons of vodka so that the jam is better stored, and possible mold collects only on paper and can be thrown away or replaced with a new alcoholized piece of paper.

There is another question here: what do capron lids look like. Nylon caps are ordinary caps made of white, translucent plastic (colorless). Only such covers were in Soviet times. And then opaque multi-colored plastic lids appeared on sale: red, yellow, blue and other cheerful ones. Therefore, if I advise you to close with nylon lids, feel free to buy ordinary white soft lids or colored ones.

Raspberries on a plate

What to cook from raspberries and eat right away

Fresh raspberries are good for light desserts(Raspberry with cottage cheese), fruit salads, compotes(which to drink immediately - a recipe), raspberry jelly - a recipe.

Raspberries are added to cream or to shortbread pies(they bake a basket base, on which they then lay out fresh raspberries, strawberries, blackberries and pour a small amount of jelly on top so that the filling grabs).

Raspberries can also be added to cottage cheese during cooking. cottage cheese easter. And then Easter you will have a beautiful crimson color. Or you can throw berries into the dough for Easter cake or other tasty pastries from yeast or biscuit dough.

You can bake pies with raspberries, just pour the berries for the filling with starch or flour (2 tablespoons per bowl of berries). Starch is needed so that the filling is not liquid, and the resulting juices are seized and neutralized by the brewed starch. Dough for pies with raspberries take as in the recipe for currant pies or buy ready-made yeast dough in cooking.

In addition, such a raspberry custard can be used for baking puffs from frozen dough. It will be very tasty!

You can get more from raspberries the juice and make of it syrups or jelly. To do this, the berries are heated with a small amount of water so that the raspberries give juice (you need to stir the berries, otherwise everything will burn). Then filter the raspberry mass through a cloth. And from this juice it is already possible to make jelly (see the recipe and proportions on the packaging of gelatin) and syrups (add sugar and boil until lightly thickened).

Raspberry berry sauces are suitable for dumplings - recipe and cottage cheese casseroles - recipe.

They also make delicious raspberries Home wine and liqueurs.

In general, there are many options for raspberry dishes! And they are all very useful and tasty! And yet, raspberries can be eaten just like that or with cream or sour cream whipped with sugar!

Stay healthy and enjoy your meal!

Raspberry, bright and fragrant, attracts attention with its high taste and healing properties. It is useful for adults and children, its systematic use enriches the body with vitamins and microelements, even a couple of tablespoons of raspberry jam a day during the winter can prevent the occurrence of colds or viral infections. Raspberries in the garden are found in almost every suburban area, their unpretentiousness, the ability to produce crops in the year of planting, and bear fruit until late autumn are attractive to gardeners.

Planting raspberries - how to choose the right site

To determine the best place to plant raspberries, you can observe where they grow in the wild. These are forest clearings and light forests, edges, i.e. the places are well lit, in winter they accumulate snow drifts, providing excellent wintering for plants. Similar conditions should be created for the raspberries that will be planted in the garden.

The best option would be to plant bushes compactly in the corner of the garden, on a site protected from strong winds, with fairly good sunlight. When choosing a place, you should also focus on a territory with a deep occurrence (more than 1.5 m) of groundwater - raspberries will not tolerate waterlogged soil.

It will not be possible to get a good result even if the terrain of the site is swampy or saline. Poor fruiting will be observed on heavy clay soils. You can determine in advance the suitability of a site for planting raspberries by the way any fruit trees grow on it, their normal development is a guarantee that raspberry bushes will also be comfortable.

It is not recommended to plant raspberries on the southern slopes of hills - such places warm up well during thaws in winter, long thaws and warming up of the roots help reduce the winter hardiness of the plant, with the return of frost, especially if the temperature drops below -20 C, warmed plants can suffer greatly - get more frostbite escape parts.

Beginning gardeners should take into account that with frequent watering with a small amount of water, the plants will form surface roots, with rare and abundant watering, a part of the root system that lies in the deep layers of the soil will form more actively.

To prepare the site for planting you will need:

• remove all weeds from it along with rhizomes,
• apply organic and mineral fertilizers,
• dig the whole area
• destroy the larvae found in the ground.

Experienced gardeners advise using activated compost as organic fertilizer.

The hole in which the bush will be planted should have a diameter of about 30 cm and a depth of 30-35 cm. Before planting, it is filled with a mixture of humus, manure, rotten straw and foliage by about half. If several bushes are unlikely to be planted, then it is possible to dig not separate holes, but a trench and fertilize it. This method of planting is even more efficient - raspberry roots grow quickly and can take up quite a lot of space - within a radius of about 2 m around the bush, it's good if most of it is fertilized.

If the soils are sandy and very poor, then it is recommended to dig a ditch half a meter wide and the same depth, fill it with a mixture of soil with nutrients: humus, the remains of last year's foliage, twigs, it will be able to give more complete nutrition to plants through the root system developing in its thickness. The bottom of the moat, to retain moisture, can be covered with a 2-3 cm layer of red clay.

With increased acidity, up to 200 g of fluffy lime per 1 sq m of raspberry area can be introduced into the soil when digging. Wood ash introduced into the soil will also be useful.

It is best to plant raspberries in the fall, in late September - early October. In this case, it will have time to take root well, and in early spring it will be ready for full development and active growth. If planting raspberries is planned for spring, then this should be done early, when the condition of the thawed soil allows.

The recommended row spacing, regardless of whether the bushes will be planted singly or in a common trench, should be about one and a half meters, the distance between the bushes should be about 0.5-0.7 m. It is recommended to deepen the seedling into the ground about 5-7 cm deeper than he grew up in the previous place. This point is not difficult to determine, the part of the stem located above the soil surface has a different color and the border is seen quite clearly.

The roots of each seedling are straightened before planting, carefully placed in a moistened hole and covered with soil, trampled down. Then comes the time of watering, it is recommended to pour at least 10 liters of water under each bush. After the water has been absorbed, the ground should be covered with a layer of mulch, which can be used as fallen needles, straw, peat or humus.

Mulch will be effective in the event that its layer will have a thickness of about 6-8 cm.

• keep the looseness of the soil throughout this season,
• prevent active evaporation of moisture,
• inhibit the emergence and growth of weeds.

The planted bushes should be cut to 25-30 cm. It is impossible to cut the shoots completely - the substances accumulated by the plant that promote the growth of the root system are stored in their lower part, in addition, low pruning can slow down the appearance of replacement shoots, which will ultimately lead to the death of the plant.

During the autumn planting of raspberries, the plants are spudded, while the stem is covered by at least 10 cm. This simple procedure will help preserve all the lower buds.

When and how to prune raspberries

Raspberry fruiting begins on two-year-old shoots: shoots actively grow in the first year, flower buds are laid in autumn. At the end of fruiting, they begin to dry out. Drying shoots should not be removed seasonally, but as they appear. Cleaning the bushes in the summer will ensure more active growth of young shoots, which are called replacement shoots.

With the onset of spring, one-year-old shoots will need to be cut by 15-20 cm. At the same time, they are guided by the location of the first large bud from above. Shortening shoots causes more active branching and promotes the formation of larger berries. The second positive point is that shortening the branches makes them more stable and they will not lean to the ground under the weight of the pouring fruits.

Overwintered, but with damage and weak shoots, are subject to complete removal in the spring. In autumn, all fruiting shoots are subject to complete removal.

What to consider when choosing a method for growing raspberries

To date, four methods of growing raspberries are practiced:

• tape, when the width of plantings reaches 30-40 cm,
• nesting, with placement in rows of single bushes,
• on wallpaper,
• without the use of garter shoots.

Tape option cultivation involves the formation of a wide strip of shoots, they form it due to the root offspring of the mother bushes. Depending on the activity of the branching of the shoots and the height, their number is regulated: it is desirable that the remaining number of shoots makes it possible to obtain the maximum number of fruits, while allowing each branch to receive enough sunlight and heat.

Since modern raspberry varieties have significant differences in the height of fruit branches, their number and branching, then the formation of ribbons from shoots should be approached taking into account the characteristics of each of the varieties.

Nest method usually used if the beds are very small. A separate peg is used to tie each bush. The recommended distance between the bushes is one and a half meters, but it can increase depending on the length of the shoots that the planted variety gives. It is not difficult to take care of such plantings, problems can arise if it rains heavily during the fruiting period - the bushes are poorly ventilated and the berries inside them can be affected by mold.

When growing raspberries on trellises with a narrow ribbon seedlings are planted in a row at a given distance, a certain distance between rows is also maintained. The method will require the installation of supports along each row and the manufacture of a trellis, which is usually a well-stretched metal wire.

Care is:

• in the uniform distribution of replacement shoots along the wire,
• removal of fruit-bearing twigs at the level of the ground surface - it will no longer be possible to get berries from them, but they will thicken the bush and take away some of the nutrients from it,
• removing excess root shoots with a sharp shovel or pruner - a large amount of it can significantly reduce yields.

The least effective in practice is the cultivation of raspberries without garter:

• shoots form dense thickets,
• branches with a crop lie on the ground, thereby causing damage to the berries,
• strong shading reduces the very possibility of laying buds on the shoots.

If, when growing the same large-fruited variety on trellises, you can get about 200 kg of berries, then when tied to stakes, the yield will decrease by about 3 times, and when grown without a tie, by 6 times.

Growing raspberries - secrets from experienced gardeners that will help you get high yields

Gardeners who have recently started growing raspberries often complain about failures:

• berries are damaged by insects,
• bushes grow poorly, or vice versa,
• shoots grow extremely actively, but do not bear fruit.

In this case, the variety is usually blamed, attempts are made to replace the plants with new ones. But before taking drastic measures, one should analyze the cause, perhaps the matter is not at all in the variety, but in improper care?

raspberry care - timing of fertilizing and watering

To ensure the active development and fruiting of the raspberry bush, it should be supplied with nutrients and water. Therefore, a mandatory procedure should be the introduction of a sufficient amount of organic and mineral fertilizers into the soil. The main ones are potash and nitrogen, phosphorus should not exceed 1/3 of the introduced potash and nitrogen. Top dressing with slurry can be performed:

• the first - during the period of bud break,
• the second - in 10 days,
• the third - after another 2 weeks.

After fruiting, the plant will also need to replenish nutrients. During this period, you can use liquid top dressing, with the following composition:

• potassium sulfate - 15 gr,
• double superphosphate - 30 gr,
• water - 10 l.

As a top dressing, you can use a solution of nitroammophoska, mullein, diluted in a ratio of 1:6, chicken manure, diluted 1:12. First, the plant is watered abundantly, then nutrient mixtures are added, about 2 liters under each bush.

For normal fruiting per season, you will need to perform 3-4 top dressings and 6-7 full-fledged waterings. Watering should be carried out throughout the season, in a timely manner, in quantities to keep the soil moist.

Also useful is the introduction of wood, obtained from hardwood, ash in the amount of 200 g per 1 sq.m of area.

growing raspberries - how to loosen the soil

Loosening the beds with the onset of the first spring after planting is carried out as soon as possible - so as not to harm the root shoots that have appeared. The depth of loosening in rows should be about 6-8 cm, between rows - up to 12 cm. During the summer, weeding can be repeated several times, as a crust forms after watering and weeds emerge, but the maximum loosening depth should not exceed 5 cm.

Before wintering, the site is dug up - in rows to a depth of 10 cm, in row spacing - by 15 cm. It is necessary to ensure that the skeletal roots of plants are not damaged during digging, it is best to dig not with a shovel, but with a pitchfork. Throughout the season, shoots should be constantly removed, only planted bushes should remain. The thickening of the planting also leads to the grinding of fruits, because. shoots formed from the roots can take up to 50% of nutrients and moisture from plants.

The best option is to leave about 7 replacement shoots for each bush - this will allow you to get fairly large berries during each harvest.

Experts say that raspberry bushes are not prone to complete degeneration, but the root buds on them can mutate, usually for the worse. You can notice this negative phenomenon during flowering - the sepals will not be elongated. Tip - such bushes should be completely removed - large-fruited varieties should initially have elongated sepals. For remontant raspberry varieties, this change is not significant.

wintering features

Since it is almost impossible to predict how cold the winter will be, when growing raspberries in the middle lane, you will need to take care of its reliable protection from frostbite.

Such a simple technique as bending the shoots to the ground and fixing them above the ground surface, using improvised means (boards, logs, metal brackets), will allow you to cover the raspberries with a layer of snow half a meter thick in winter without any problems. Bushes prepared in this way are practically not susceptible to frostbite, in practice it has been proven that they can withstand even the harsh Siberian winters. Raspberries should be opened at a time when the threat of late frost has passed.

harvest

The ripening of the berries of the first raspberry crop begins at the end of June.

This happens throughout the month. Since raspberries are distinguished by very tender fruits not intended for long-term storage, the berries should be harvested systematically, as they ripen, without overexposure to the stems.

Raspberry breeding

If you want to breed new varieties of raspberries, you will have to buy seedlings. It is best to contact specialized nurseries - the planting material there is of a fairly high quality.

If suitable varieties are already grown on the site, then you can use the vegetative propagation method and use the bushes formed from the root shoots. In addition, you can perform the usual division of the bush into several parts, but for this you should choose the most powerful bushes. Shoots for transplantation should be chosen those that have a shoot thickness of more than 1 cm and a washcloth-like, dense root system.

The productive period of raspberry bushes is from 12 to 20 years, while the characteristics of the raspberry variety, the correct care, frost resistance and the quality of tillage play a role.

Material prepared:

Deputy Executive Director of the Association of Gardeners of Russia (APPYaPM), Leading Specialist of the Association of Gardeners-Nurseries (ASP-RUS) for berry crops

Shchekotova L.A.
Candidate of Biological Sciences, Scientific Consultant of the ASP-RUS Association

Danilova T.A.
Specialist of the ASP-RUS Association, student of MichGAU

With material from J. Ciesielska – E. Malusa

Raspberry yield and fruit harvest

Black raspberry variety - Glen Glove

The yield of raspberries on production sites can reach up to 15-16 t/ha when cultivating highly productive varieties such as Molling-Exployd and Zeva. The average yield is 10-12 t/ha, given by such varieties as Glen-Glova, Glen-Moy. Remontant varieties yield from 3 to 10 t/ha, on average - 5-6 t/ha. The highest yields are obtained where there is sufficient water supply in August, during the flowering and fruit ripening period.

Raspberries can be cultivated in one place for 10-15 years, but the commercially significant period does not exceed 7-8 years, after which there is a significant decrease in yield due to the spread of viruses.

Approximately 30-40 days after flowering, the fruits begin to ripen, become soft, easily separated from the fruit. At this stage of ripening, the fruits require careful handling, they remain in good condition for several days after harvest, if they are left on the plant for a longer time, they lose their appearance, soften, become very susceptible to rot. Even insolation during the ripening period can cause damage to the fruit, making them pale, watery.

Special box on high legs for picking raspberries

The red raspberry harvest period lasts 4-6 weeks, starting from June - the earliest varieties ripen, and late varieties ripen at the end of August, the main crop is harvested in July. Fruit ripening on the plantation is extended, but for each variety, the period of mass harvesting corresponds to the fruit ripening period in the middle part of the shoot. Harvesting should be done every 2-3 days to get a good quality fruit. But you can collect fruits daily during the period of mass ripening, especially on days with high air temperatures. The frequency of collection depends on the variety. Varieties with tender, juicy fruits and friendly ripening can be harvested quite easily and quickly, for example, these are Glen Ample, Lashka, Norna, Ross, Latham. At the same time, fruits in varieties such as September, clones of Jewel, Glen Glove and other new breeding forms can be harvested for a longer time. In some varieties - Witen and September, the fruits, although red, are difficult to separate from the fruit, they must be left on the bush for at least one more day.

Glen Ample is a traditional industrial raspberry variety.

The Primocanes variety is characterized by a long harvest period - 6-7 weeks, and more uniform fruit ripening - from early August until the first autumn frosts.

The raspberries, which are hand-harvested, have a characteristic color for the variety and are free from rot, and are intended for fresh consumption or for freezing. The rejected fruits are processed for the production of juices and jams.

Berries of a photoneutral raspberry variety - Polyana

Scientists have tried to find more objective criteria for determining the optimal harvest time, but in practice they use a more practical and very subjective approach - fruit color and tear strength. French researchers have developed a scale in which five stages of distinguishable color changes, using it to determine the direction of use of the crop. The color change occurs in two stages: the first, in which there are pigments and the fruit changes color from white to pink-red (stages S1-S2), the second is degradation and oxidation, the appearance of dark red and red-violet pigments (stages S3, S4 and S5). In accordance with this scale, it is recommended to remove the fruits at stages S2-S3, when they are easily separated from the fruit. Goods for export should be harvested at S2 fruit stage and stored properly, as color degradation occurs quickly, especially for fruits stored at room temperature.

Dr. S.-x. Sciences Mukhanin I.V. demonstrates raspberries collected in cardboard boxes

Raspberries are mainly harvested exclusively by hand, because the fruit is very delicate and must be handled very carefully. Picking berries is a laborious process, but it is a crucial step for every grower. The picker can collect from 15 to 45 kg of fruits per working day, depending on the degree of fruiting, the purpose of the product and the cultivation technology.

Berries after picking should be put into 100-250 g containers as soon as possible, even if they are intended for freezing, especially with the individual freezing system (IQF). It is very useful for manual picking to have tables on which containers of raspberries are placed in baskets or boxes made of plastic or paper, it is desirable that the platform moves along the row behind the pickers. Another option is used, in which the box or basket is fixed to the assembler using aluminum straps. The filled container is left in the shade of the bushes. Fruits with noticeable defects - the shape of the berries, size or color are used to prepare jams, concentrates, natural juices or are frozen in containers of a larger capacity - 2-5 kg. For both types of harvesting, it is important to carry out loading within a short time - no more than 3-4 hours, then there should be no manipulation and shaking, which significantly reduces the quality of the fruit.

Tall crate stands used when picking raspberries

In a number of countries, progressive harvesting technologies are used (USA, Denmark, Scotland, New Zealand) - they are introducing mechanized harvesting. In fact, if there are not enough workers, mechanized harvesting is the main condition for expanding the production of this crop. This method is widespread in the United States: for example, in the states of Oregon and Washington, about 85% of red raspberries are harvested by a combine, but the further path of production determines its quality - such fruits are processed.

Harvesting raspberries with a trailed harvester

To make a decision on the widespread use of machine technology for harvesting fruits, the plantation must be specially prepared. The machine must have a passage on each side of the row of raspberry plantations. Plants in the line should be the same height, shoots - not bent to the ground. To equalize the height of the plants, the upper part of the shoots, having collected them in bunches, is shortened by 15-30 cm.

The harvester harvests the fruits by shaking (the Littau combine, developed in the USA, and Danpluk) or using vertical vibrating drums with teeth (Pattenden, created in Scotland, and Braud Vectur, made in France). Vertical drum pickers pick up fruit twigs by vibrating teeth mounted on a rotating drum. In shakers, by shaking, the fruit is separated from the fruit. The fruits are collected in the pallet of the machine and then go to the sorting table. The crop is harvested using these two types of harvester, and 5 to 7 people are needed to control the production, depending on the purpose of the product (processing or using whole fresh fruits).

Berry harvester

Recently, New Zealand has developed a Peco machine that harvests only half of the row, for this a new farming system (Lincoln Canopy System) has been developed. Fruiting shoots should be tilted in a horizontal plane on both sides of the row, their position should be fixed on a wire stretched 50 cm from the ground, while new offspring should remain free-growing. In the upper part of the machine there are vertical blades that shake the branches, and in the lower part there is a conveyor belt, along which the fruits fall into containers. This harvester does not damage the offspring, and the harvested fruits are of high quality, which allows them to be eaten fresh or used for freezing (IQF). Another positive aspect is the ability to pick fruits in the absence of pickers and in mountainous areas. However, despite the low cost of the machine, a lot of labor is required to install the trellis, and plantings must be planted with varieties that have strong growing shoots.

O.V. Zhbanova on an industrial plantation of photoneutral raspberry variety Polyana

Factors limiting the introduction of mechanized raspberry harvesting are associated with crop losses, damage to shoots and limited life of plantings. For this type of harvesting, it is necessary to choose varieties characterized by easy detachment of fruits. In addition, it is important to have a variety in the length of the shoots, including varieties with a powerful shoot, on which the fruits ripen more amicably. During mechanized harvesting, plantings can be damaged - annual shoots may suffer. The possibility of using mechanical means should be assessed on the basis of an economic analysis.

The combine harvests 0.2 - 0.5 hectares in 1 hour, depending on the type of machine, the number of fruits on plants and the quality of the grown product. According to the instructions, the process of picking fruits from 1 hectare can take 30-70 hours. The productivity of one picker is 6-20 acres per season, another 5-7 people work with him. Based on an analysis of the economic activity of producers in France, it is shown that the economic efficiency of mechanized harvesting of raspberries is still lower, this conclusion was made by economists. Combine harvesting becomes economically viable if the period of its use for harvesting fruits of other crops is extended.

Quality raspberries

The fruits of black and purple raspberries ripen much more amicably than red raspberries, so the harvest is completed within 1-2 weeks. To do this, you need to spend 2-3 removals to collect the main crop, the fruits of these forms of raspberries are less damaged, even if they are very mature. In the United States, where these types of raspberries are widely distributed and the berries are used primarily for processing, harvesting is done using combine harvesters.

The ripening of the crop is gradual and depends on the weather. In good weather, the berries ripen quickly, in rainy, cold weather - more slowly. Raspberry fruiting begins in July and can last up to 2 months.

At the beginning of the fruiting of raspberries, the fees are usually small, when the bulk of the berries ripen, they increase. At the end of fruiting, when only small berries of the middle and lower branches remain, the harvest is reduced again. In good weather, raspberries are harvested every other day or two, in too hot or rainy times - daily. At the end of fruiting, berries can be harvested after 2-3 days. You can not pick berries early in the morning until the dew has dried, and soon after the rain, picking wet berries is allowed only as a last resort, during prolonged wet weather. At the same time, they are immediately allowed for processing.

Raspberries are considered ripe when they acquire a characteristic color. Berries intended for transportation are not brought to full maturity. Berries can be harvested fully ripe for consumption and processing. Such berries are sweeter, tastier, more aromatic.

Raspberries are removed with part of the stem. Separate from the stalk by pinching with two fingers. If the berries are crowded and have a short stalk, they are cut with small scissors or, in extreme cases, removed without a stalk. When pinching or cutting, do not touch the berries themselves with your fingers. Raspberry berries are very tender and easily wrinkle if handled carelessly.

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Raspberries are very tasty and healthy, they contain a lot of vitamin C and are good for preventing cancer. Plus, it's low in calories. If you grow raspberries and want to learn how to harvest them, read the following tips on how to harvest raspberries the right way.

In central Russia, raspberries ripen in the second half of July. The harvest ripens gradually, and the ripening time of the berries depends on weather conditions. The warmer and drier the weather, the faster it happens. Accordingly, in cool and humid weather, ripening occurs more slowly. The first harvest of raspberries is usually insignificant. A large harvest is collected at the second stage, when the bulk of the berries ripen. At the last stage of fruiting, the yield level drops again, as only small berries remain on the middle and lower branches.
Berry picking should be done in dry and sunny weather. It is not recommended to pick early in the morning when dew is present on the berries. After rain, picking berries is postponed until the berries are dry. Collecting after rain is only allowed if there are heavy rains. But in this case, the raspberries are immediately allowed for processing. Berries are harvested at the stage of removable maturity. The removable maturity of raspberries is the period when the fruits have acquired their characteristic color. If the berries are intended for transportation, then they are removed without waiting for full maturity. Raspberries that have reached full maturity are harvested if they intend to use them for immediate consumption.
Raspberries are removed from the bush with part of the stem. Separate the stalk by pinching with two fingers. In some varieties, the berries are clustered or the stalk is too short. In this case, they can be cut with small scissors or torn off without a stem.
When picking raspberries, be careful not to touch the berries themselves. Their skin is very thin and delicate, and with the slightest inaccurate handling it can easily be wrinkled. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to apply a certain technique for picking raspberries.
Take the shoot with your left hand and, supporting it, place your right hand, palm up, under the berries. Then, with two fingers of the right hand (thumb and forefinger), grab the stalk and pinch off the berry. Carefully transfer the berries that have fallen into the palm of your hand into the prepared container. In the palm of your hand, you can hold no more than 5-6 berries in this way.
The berries in the container must be laid very carefully, trying not to damage. When harvesting, try to leave the stem about 6-8 mm long. If there are damaged berries or fruits collected without a stalk, they must be placed in a separate container.

It is best to collect raspberries in shredding baskets and boxes with a capacity of 2-3 kg. If during transportation of berries the baskets and boxes are stacked on top of each other, then they should not be filled to the top with berries. It is also not allowed to transfer raspberries from one container to another.
For temporary storage of raspberries, a cold, well-ventilated area is suitable. If it is planned to freeze the berries for their further processing for culinary purposes, then the dry fruits must be scattered on a pallet in one layer and placed in the freezer. After the berries are frozen, they can be transferred to plastic bags and left in the freezer.