Pepper care and cultivation. First of all, success is guaranteed by high-quality seedlings.

With insufficient watering and excessively high air temperatures, the pepper stalks can become woody, and the plant itself can die. Until this vegetable crop blooms, it is enough to water it by sprinkling once a week. 5-6 liters of water should go per 1 m 2 of land. If the moisture evaporates quickly and the weather is hot, you need to double the amount of water entering the ground. Flowering peppers require 2 waterings per week, provided that the same amount of water is used per dose.

To accelerate the growth of pepper during irrigation, only warm (from 23 ° C) water should be used, otherwise the fruits on the bushes will appear very late.

For the entire growing season, pepper needs 3 top dressings. The first is carried out during flowering. To prepare the nutrient solution needed for her, take the crushed leaves of plantain, nettle, coltsfoot and dandelion, pour into a bucket filled with manure and transfer to a 100-liter barrel. Add wood ash (1 cup) to the same place, fill everything with water and mix. After 6 - 7 hours, mix again and start fertilizing, spending it on 1 liter per bush.

The second and third feedings are carried out as the plants enter the fruiting phase.

For the second feeding, you will also need a 100-liter barrel. In it you need to combine 2 cups of nitrophoska and 1 bucket of litter, then fill them with water. After 3-4 days, the fertilizer will be ready. Before applying it to the soil, it is necessary to mix the mass thoroughly and use it at the rate of 2 liters per plant.

1.5 weeks after the second feeding, proceed to the next. For a barrel of the same volume, take 1 bucket of mullein (you can use fresh), 1 glass of urea and 3.5 liters of bird droppings. Fill these components with water and infuse for about 4-5 days. The amount of fertilizer consumed per bush should be from 2.5 to 3 liters.

You can protect heat-loving peppers from the harmful effects of a cold wind by planting beans or peas next to them and placing high supports nearby, along which these plants can trail.

Growing pepper, it is important to constantly monitor the formation of plants. If they have reached 20 - 25 cm in height, pinch the tops of the bushes to encourage branching. side shoots delete as they appear.

When collecting fruits, do not remove them from the bush all at once. Cut off excess stepchildren, as they prevent the growth and ripening of peppers.

​Related Articles​

warm water

At the end of summer, when the nights become cold, the pepper should be covered again with a film.

The following solution will help get rid of aphids: take 200-250 g of wood ash on a bucket and fill it with water, the temperature of which is + 50 ° C.

Manure activates the growth of stems and leaves, which occurs at the expense of fruiting, so it is applied under the previous crop.

Pepper roots are located in the surface layer, so loosening is carried out to a shallow depth (up to 5 cm) simultaneously with hilling plants and weeding.

During the flowering period, the following solution is used as top dressing. For a 100 l barrel they take:

The next step is pinching. No more than 5 upper shoots are left on the plant, on which the crop is subsequently formed. The rest of the stepchildren are removed.

- room pepper, also called Mexican. Its fruits are incredibly hot, and the green parts of the plant are completely poisonous, so it is better not to keep such a plant in an apartment where small children live. If there is no one in your house to accidentally eat bright, burning fruits, be sure to put capsicum on your windowsill, because it looks very impressive!

Then transplanted into open ground.

1. To avoid pepper diseases, provide plants with calcium and potassium when planting in open ground.
2. ​Sweet bell pepper one of the most popular and healthy vegetables, which is used in fresh, and stewed, boiled, pickled and canned. Growing sweet peppers at home is a painstaking but doable task. If you wish to receive the full natural product peppers are grown from seeds.
3. temperature around 25 - 30°C. When watering with cold water, pepper may stop growing, and the fruiting period will be delayed.
4. After planting pepper seedlings in the ground, she needs some
5. Protect plants from spider mite you can use an infusion of chopped garlic or onions (200 g) and dandelion leaves (200 g) in a bucket of water.
6. Basil, okra, coriander, onions, marigolds can be called good neighbors of pepper. The last three plants are good as protection against aphids. But nasturtium can serve as a trap for aphids. Okra helps protect from the wind.

And remember about mulching, which will give additional protection from drying out the soil and restrain the growth of weeds. Only mulching of peppers is recommended after the soil warms up, as this culture is thermophilic.

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Where is the best place to grow peppers - at home, in a greenhouse or in the open field?

5-6 kg of chopped nettle leaves, coltsfoot, wood lice, dandelion, plantain;

original solutions

You can do without pinching the main shoot, but pinching is a mandatory event, especially in a hot rainy summer.

A compact bush with dense foliage is completely covered with small wax peppers of bright red and orange color. Varieties with multi-colored fruits are especially valued - yellow, red, burgundy, purple and orange peppers grow on one bush. In addition, the fruits can vary in size and shape: pointed, blunt, round, conical, pear-shaped, cylindrical, curved, even short and long. Add beauty and flowers different colors, which appear not only in May, but throughout the summer, along with bright fruits, adding beauty to the plant.

However, further cultivation in a greenhouse it is best suited for pepper, since this vegetable crop does not like ventilated areas and feels more comfortable in a calm, warm place, moreover, a temperature of less than +18 degrees is undesirable for peppers.

​Effective soil protection and conservation nutrients- mulching.​

• Selecting seeds and preparing them for sowing
• After each watering, the soil needs
• time to adapt

Solutions insist for at least a day. Before use, they must be mixed and filtered. To increase the effectiveness of the solution, it is recommended to add up to 30-40 g of liquid soap, but in this case it is better to look for organic soap, in which there is at least chemical substances. These solutions are safe for plants and humans, so pepper can be sprayed at any stage of growth and development of a vegetable crop. A bad neighbor of pepper is beans. It is advisable to avoid their neighborhood, as they have a common disease - anthracnose (with this disease, soft black spots form on the fruits).

Growing pepper at home to mature seedlings

Additional pollination of flowers

10 liters of rotted cow manure;

Growing peppers in open field needs some care. Pepper care is to create the following conditions:

What to choose: growing peppers in a greenhouse or in garden beds?

Video about growing hot peppers

Video about growing peppers

​Adjust the film thickness in the greenhouse according to the temperature conditions and create conditions for ventilation of the greenhouse.​

To select more viable seeds, pour them into lightly salted water and select those that are at the bottom of the container. For disinfection, they should be kept for 20 minutes in a solution of potassium permanganate, and then for 12 hours in aloe juice. Sowing seeds is done in February in boxes with prepared soil.​

Spectacular, but burning "Mexican"

loosen. Usually pepper adapts to new habitat conditions within 10 - 12 days. During this period, seedlings look painful and sluggish, practically do not grow. This is fine. The root system of pepper, damaged in the process of transplanting seedlings, is restored and takes root in a new place. To help pepper seedlings adapt to new conditions, you need to slightly loosen the ground in the hole. Such shallow (3 - 5 cm), surface loosening provides inflow fresh air to the roots, as a result of which the seedlings take root faster in a new place. The appearance of naked slugs will prevent regular loosening and tillage with dry mustard or red pepper (1 teaspoon per 1 m2). Straw mulch also helps, as it is tough.​

Pepper can be affected by the same diseases as other vegetable crops of the Solanaceae family: tobacco mosaic, late blight, powdery mildew, various rots, etc. The causative agents of diseases are bacteria, fungi, viruses. It is carried out in dry calm weather by lightly shaking the trellis with flowering plants.

10 st. spoons of ash. ​Temperature mode​ Popular among Russian vegetable growers

​If you decide to plant pepper seeds yourself, instead of spending money on ready seedlings grown by breeders, stock up on seed bags different varieties, prepared soil and suitable containers or crates. Growing pepper seedlings includes hardening and germinating seeds, sowing them in the soil, daily spraying with warm water from a spray bottle and top dressing (2-3 times before picking). Sufficiently strong seedlings dive from a common container into small pots.

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Growing peppers outdoors

Peppers, like eggplant and tomatoes, are planted in a new place every year.

How to sow peppers correctly? Planting seedlings in the ground

to break up the soil crust. If this is not done, there is a danger of the pepper root system dying off as a result of insufficient oxygen supply.

Watering seedlings Perhaps that's all. Now, dear readers, it's time to consolidate the knowledge gained about growing peppers in the open field in practice.​

The most common pepper diseases are: rottenness ("black leg") and wilting disease.

Tying up

Peppers need care

The barrel is filled with water. The contents of the barrel are mixed, infused for a week and used for irrigation (1 liter per 1 plant). The remaining solution can be fed to other crops.

Optimal temperature for growing pepper is +20...+25°C. Room pepper Spark

In cold regions, planting seeds should begin from late February to early March. Since at this time there is not enough sunlight for plants, it is necessary to additionally provide artificial lighting and thus prolong daylight hours for seedlings. After 12 weeks from the moment of sowing the seeds, the pepper seedlings will be ready for planting in the greenhouse.​

That's all the advice on how and when to plant peppers. By following them, you can get a good harvest at the end of the season. The bottom of the plastic or cardboard box covered with foil and crushed eggshell, covered with soil from mixed in equal parts peat, sod and humus. Small rows are formed, the distance between which should be 4-5 centimeters, and seeds are sown to a depth of 1-2 cm. Plants need freedom, so gaps of 1-1.5 centimeters are left between the seeds. Emerging shoots must be provided with light and protection from direct sunlight. When the first leaf already appears, the plants should be planted in the prepared container. After that, you need to water the landing with a 1% solution of potassium permanganate, cover and put in a darkened room. After a couple of days, put the seedlings back into the light, providing moderate watering without top dressing. AT good weather you can start hardening the seedlings by taking them out into the fresh air during the day.

• Pepper in the first days after planting in the ground must be very careful not to overdo it with watering. Weak roots may not be able to cope with large quantity water and rot. In this case, the soil should not be allowed to dry out. The best option is daily, but gradually moisten the soil in the area of ​​​​the stem, pouring 100 - 150 ml of water under each plant. The first real watering of pepper seedlings is carried out no earlier than a week after planting in the ground. ​
• ​Details Created: 31 March 2014​

"Black leg" affects mainly pepper seedlings. To combat it, it is usually enough to adjust the temperature and humidity. Bell pepper has fragile shoots that break easily, so they are tied to pegs. And tall crops are planted around the beds, which create backstage and protect plantings from the wind.

• During the fruiting period, a different solution is used. For a 100 l barrel they take:
• At + 13 ° C and below, the pepper is covered with a film or special material. The appearance of lilac shades on the fruits indicates a violation of the temperature regime.
• known for its high yield. A bush strewn with red peppers can often be found on kitchen windowsills - its fruits are used as food as a hot seasoning.

In the photo, growing seedlings of pepper

This earlier vegetable pepper did not require any care, quietly growing as weeds in Central and South America. Perennial pepper shrubs, called “false berries” by scientists, are still found in their historical homeland to this day. It was from them that, through long breeding experiments, the bell pepper, familiar to everyone, was obtained, a very whimsical plant with tasty, fragrant fruits.

• Pepper - planting in the ground. When and how to do it?
• If in advance

Before flowering

After planting pepper seedlings in the ground, it is necessary to provide it with proper care, otherwise all your efforts to prepare seeds for sowing

Wilting disease is observed in adult plants. It comes in three varieties: bacterial wilt, verticillium wilt and fusarium wilt. The disease manifests itself in a change in the color of the leaf blades, dropping of leaves and browning of the vessels of the stem, which ultimately leads to the death of the plant.

Problems in growing peppers 5 liters of bird droppings;

Watering

How convenient indoor pepper is - caring for it is quite simple. In summer, it is enough to provide the plant with abundant watering and regular feeding, and in winter it will need to be placed in a cool room with a temperature of about +20 degrees and watering should be reduced. After harvesting in the fall, capsicum should be transplanted into a new land, trying not to damage the root system, with the onset of spring, the bush is carefully cut to stimulate its further growth. Since peppers grow well and bear fruit only in mild climates in the absence strong wind and also love more high temperature and humidity than tomatoes, growing peppers outdoors is undesirable. You are more likely to achieve a greater harvest and harmonious taste by leaving the peppers in the greenhouse for the whole summer. Moreover, in such favorable conditions peppers do not have to be harvested, as soon as they ripen, you can wait a little more until the fruits acquire saturated color and bright taste.

Growing pepper at home is a laborious process. Landing in open ground is carried out at the end of May. By this time, the plant has more than 10 leaves and several flowers. If the spring turned out to be cold, it is better to install a greenhouse made of metal arcs and rods, securing them with twine and covering them with a film that can be adjusted depending on the temperature - pepper responds well to ventilation. Planting is carried out in prepared soil, compost, nitroammophosphate are introduced into it. In holes sized 30x60, abundantly watered with a 1% solution of potassium permanganate, peppers are planted, which are then mulched with peat.

mulch Pepper should be watered once a week at the rate of 10 - 12 liters of water per 1m2 of soil. AT hot weather pepper should be watered twice a week.

1. ​Measures for the prevention and control of diseases consist primarily in the acquisition of quality seeds and seedlings, pest and weed control, crop rotation, removal of diseased plants.​
2. The main problems that gardeners face when growing peppers are:

10 liters of rotted cow manure.

Watering is preferably carried out with rain or settled warm water by sprinkling. The temperature of the water used for irrigation should be +24...+26°C.​

Hello dear readers! So, seedlings of peppers are grown, planted in the ground and have even grown up. What's next? I propose to learn more about the features of growing peppers in the open field, as well as what kind of care peppers need to provide in order to get a rich harvest.​

You can also grow pepper seeds in a greenhouse if you provide them suitable conditions: prepare moist compost for planting, keep the temperature at +21+24 degrees and optimal humidity, equip additional lighting to create 14 hours of daylight for seedlings. Seedling care is carried out in exactly the same way as at home - with light watering, fertilizing with fertilizers (preferably liquid) and picking into separate pots.

Diseases and pests of pepper

Novice vegetable growers will have to be patient and diligent in order to achieve good harvest from your seedlings. But where is the best place to grow pepper: in a garden, in a greenhouse, or at home on a windowsill?

The surface of the earth with a film, peat or sawdust, which retain moisture for a long time, watering will not cause soil compaction, and they will be required less often. ​

During flowering and fruiting

planting seeds and growing seedlings will go down the drain. ​

Aphids, mites and slugs are woody stems, falling leaves, flowers and ovaries. Possible reasons: fever air (above + 32 ° C), lack of moisture in the soil, as well as lack of light. The barrel is also filled with water, the contents are mixed and infused for 4-5 days. Peppers are fed with the resulting solution (5-6 liters per 1 m2).

The irrigation scheme depends on the stage of plant development:

Let's start with specific requirements. Pepper (both sweet and hot) is an exceptionally photophilous and heat-loving crop, very demanding on soil moisture. Pepper does not tolerate both drying out and waterlogging of the soil.

What varieties of peppers are best for greenhouses? Choose early maturing varieties 80-120 cm high, then on one square meter it will be possible to plant from three to five compact bushes and get a lot of fruit. Low-growing varieties of pepper begin to bear fruit early - from mid-July, and continue to produce a good harvest until mid-September. In Russian climatic conditions, the following early ripening varieties take root well: Victoria, Zdorovye, Tenderness, Swallow, Winnie the Pooh, Kolobok. New F1 varieties are suitable for film greenhouses: Snow White, Chanterelle, Pinocchio, and for glazed greenhouses - Ilya Muromets, Red Bull, Othello, Yellow Bull, Elefant.​

Peppers in the photo

During the period of growth and flowering, which occurs at the end of June, it is necessary to feed the peppers. Two weeks after planting, they should be fertilized with mullein, during flowering - with diluted ash, and after 3 weeks with fertilizers containing calcium and potassium. After the formation of the ovaries, the number of fruits should be regulated by cutting off small fruits to reduce the load on the plant. Peppers are harvested in July-September.

During the period of flowering, tying and pouring fruits, pepper needs additional feeding. From June to August, pepper is given several root dressings every two weeks, using alternately weak solutions of organic and complex mineral fertilizers. In May and August, pepper spraying with sodium humate is effective. ​

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Pepper care after planting seedlings in the ground and before harvesting

Peppers are watered under the root 1 - 2 times a week, depending on weather conditions, at the rate of 12 - 14 liters of water per 1 m2 of soil. If you have the opportunity to come to the site only for the weekend, it is better to water the pepper at the rate of 16 liters of water per 1 m2 of soil and divide this rate into 2 days (8 liters per day).​

Usually, pepper seedlings are planted in the ground on May 10 - 30, when the threat of spring frosts has passed. However, it is never possible to exclude the possibility of frosts and one must always be on the alert, since pepper seedlings are very sensitive to them. If there is a threat of a sharp drop in temperature, it is necessary to water the soil with warm water (temperature about 35 - 38 ° C) and major pepper pests Stopping growth and flowering, lack of ovary. Possible reasons: low air temperature (below +13°C), watering with cold water, lack of light.​

Caring for pepper seedlings in the first days after planting in the ground

During the season, 4-5 root dressings are carried out, which are carried out on moist soil. The interval between them should be at least 10 days. Before flowering - 1 time during the week, in hot weather - 2 times. The irrigation rate is up to 12 liters per 1 m2. For growing pepper in open ground, the following types of soils are most suitable: sandy, medium loamy, floodplain and chernozem, which have a light mechanical composition and a slightly acidic or neutral environment. acidic soils does not like pepper.

The conditions of the Russian climate cannot be called ideal for heat-loving vegetable plants, therefore pepper is usually grown in three stages:

Pepper - planting in the ground and care. Tips for gardeners A couple of days before top dressing, peppers are watered a little with water, because root top dressing must be done on damp soil. Fertilizer solutions should be warm (about 25 - 30°C). With insufficient watering

cover seedlings with foil​.​

Watering peppers in the garden

Formation of crooked fruits. Reason: incomplete pollination of flowers. In addition, during the period of flowering and fruiting, dry feeding with wood ash is carried out, using 1-2 cups of ash per 1 m2 of soil.

During flowering and fruiting - 2-3 times a week. Irrigation rate - up to 14 liters per 1 m2.​ Pepper formation

Do you want peppers to grow on your windowsill? all year round as a decorative houseplant? Then you should choose to sow seeds and grow seedlings at home,

This collection of material contains stepwise technology sowing, planting and caring for the plant. A description of the most popular and recommended by experts, varieties of pepper, will help you make the right choice.

Sweet pepper, description

Sweet pepper - annual herbaceous plant, belongs to the species "Peppers" and the family "Solanaceae".

A well-known agricultural crop is grown in temperate, tropical and subtropical latitudes of all continents. America is considered the birthplace of the plant.

It's warm and moisture-loving vegetable plant bears tasty and nutritious fruits.

The fruit of pepper looks like a juicy hollow berry with numerous seeds. Fruit color varies from red, yellow, orange, green and white to brown or purple. The size and shape of the berries also differ, depending on the variety of pepper.

The semi-lignified stem and powerful branched root system make it possible to keep a large number of ripened large fruits on the plant at the same time. A low bush, with simple and short-leaved green leaves, became popular precisely because of the useful and fragrant fruits.

A huge number of varieties of sweet pepper have been bred and cultivated in the world. In our country, the most common variety type is bell pepper.

sweet pepper varieties

Successful cultivation of sweet peppers largely depends on a well-chosen variety. Given the main varietal characteristics of a vegetable crop: ripening time, size and shape of fruits, crop preferences in certain climatic conditions, it is important to choose the most suitable varieties of pepper.

Consider the most popular and productive varieties.

• "Tusk"

Early ripe, tall variety (up to 160 cm high), has sweet and fragrant red fruits. Fruits of the extended cylindrical form. Pepper is suitable for growing in the greenhouse and in the open field.

• "Agapovsky"

It is characterized by medium maturation and cultivation in greenhouse conditions. The bush is compact, with red cube-shaped fruits.

• "Bogatyr"

Mid-season variety, with large (according to the name) red and juicy fruits.

• "Apricot Favorite"

conical, smooth, orange fruits mature early. Compact low (up to 50 cm) bush is suitable for growing in closed and open ground.

• "Big Dad"

early ripe, undersized variety with thick-walled fleshy, purple hue, fruits. Universal at the place of planting (greenhouse or open ground), variety.

• "Yellow Bell"

Differs in yellow fruits of a cube-shaped form and early dates aging (about 70 days).

• Hybrid F1 "White Star of the East"

Powerful bush, with large whitish-cream fruits and early ripening.

• Hybrid F1 "Chocolate Star of the East"

Semi-spreading bush, with large, prism-shaped and Brown, juicy fruits. Characterized by medium maturation.

• "Gladiator"

Dutch variety, with large and fleshy (wall thickness 10-13 mm) yellow peppercorns. Possesses mid-season ripening.

• "Medal"

An early maturing variety with a long fruiting period. The fruit is large, thick-walled (10-12 mm), bright red.

• "Yova"

early and unpretentious variety, high yield and large fruits.

• "Victoria"

The fruits are cone-shaped, slightly ribbed, of medium size. Medium early variety.

• "Brooch

The variety is characterized by early ripening, resistant to diseases. The bush is not tall, with orange-red thin-walled (5 mm) fruits.

• "Bogdan"

A variety with a long fruiting period, with light orange thick-walled, large and fragrant fruits. The weight of one peppercorn is about 200-250 gr.

• "Golden Pheasant"

High-yielding variety, with yellow fruits, pronounced sweet taste. Peppercorns are large (up to 300 gr) and thick-walled.

• Belozerka

A low shrub densely covered with yellow and red cone-shaped peppercorns.

• "Kolobok"

Differs in a rounded shape and thickened walls, fruits, red. Has excellent taste.

• "Alba"

High-yielding variety, with fruits of blunt-conical shape and medium size. Peppercorns are thick-walled, juicy, orange hues.

• "Sun"

A variety with yellow and large fruits, has high taste and technological qualities.

It is also possible to distinguish varieties according to individual characteristics. For example:

• Varieties of sweet pepper, with a pronounced sweet flavor (Swallow, Winnie the Pooh, Tenderness, Maikop 470).
• Varieties resistant to diseases, pests and hot climates (Ararat, Terek, Adler, Erivan, Kazbek).
• Varieties for cultivation in open ground (Etude, Carat, Curiosity).
• Varieties for growing on the windowsill (Watercolor, Sweetie, Tomboy, Yarik, Chanterelle, Treasure Island).
• Varieties for growing in a greenhouse ( orange wonder, Alyonushka, Winnie the Pooh, Tenderness, Swallow, California miracle).
• Varieties characterized by thick-walled and large fruits (California miracle, Gladiator, Winnie the Pooh, Gift of Moldova).
• Varieties for conservation (Kupets, Victoria, Ermak).
• Early varieties of sweet pepper (Lumina, Ivanhoe, Triton, Alantik F1).

The best sweet pepper according to agronomists and gardeners, early and mid-season varieties: Eroshka, Funtik, Hercules, Fakir, Chardash, Jung, Accord, Viking, Claudio, Cornet, Atlas, Big dad, Actor, Smile. According to reviews, these varieties of sweet peppers have proven to be hardy, high yield crops, with high taste and technological qualities.

In any case, when choosing a variety for planting on your site, it is first best to familiarize yourself with its characteristics and suitability for a particular climatic zone.

Growing Sweet Peppers

A light and heat-loving plant, pepper grows well in the open ground of the southern regions, with a warm and mild climate. In the zone of central Russia, the culture is mainly grown in greenhouses and greenhouses.

Sweet pepper has a long growing season. Therefore, for the successful formation and ripening of fruits, pepper is planted in open ground, ready-made sprouted seedlings.

The technology of growing seedlings of sweet pepper

The process of planting sweet pepper seedlings includes several main steps:

• preparation of seeds for sowing;
• sowing seeds in a container;
• seedling care;
• planting seedlings in separate glasses;
• planting seedlings in open ground.

Let us consider in more detail all of the listed stages of growing sweet pepper seedlings.

Preparation of sweet seeds before sowing

• To begin with, you need to select the strongest and most viable specimens from the total mass of seeds. After pouring all the seeds into a container with salted water, only the “drowned” seeds are left.

• Selected sweet pepper seeds are disinfected (20-30 minutes) in a weak solution of potassium permanganate, after which they are washed.
• To improve germination, seeds are soaked for 12 hours in a growth stimulator.
• Even without additional growth stimulation, the seeds must be kept wet (on a damp cloth or cotton wool) for about 2 days. This procedure will allow the seed to germinate faster in the soil.

Sowing sweet pepper seeds

• The timing of sowing seeds for seedlings varies from the end of January to the beginning of March.
• The seeds are planted in a single container, making not deep (1-2 cm) grooves with a row spacing of 5-6 cm with a pencil or stick. The distance between the seeds is about 2 cm. They also practice “solid” sowing over the entire surface, without rows.

• Sowing can also be carried out immediately in individual cups, for example, peat pots, with a diameter of about 10 cm.

Practitioners are divided on this matter. Some believe that for a single large capacity care is easier and simpler, and after seed germination it is more convenient to choose the strongest and healthiest sprouts, which are then transplanted separately. Others argue that pepper does not tolerate transplanting well, so it is better to sow it immediately in disposable cups. And if you transplant - do it very carefully and correctly, without injuring the roots of the seedlings.

• The soil in the container should be light and loose. The soil mixture consists of humus, sand and soddy soil. To create a more nutrient medium, 1 tbsp is added per 1 kg of the mixture. wood ash.
• After sowing, the seeds are sprinkled with earth, slightly compacted and covered with a film to create a greenhouse effect. The seed container is placed in a warm place for subsequent germination.
• During this period, regular airing and watering of the planted seeds are provided.
• After 1-2 weeks, the first shoots of pepper appear. In this case, the film must be removed immediately.

Caring for sweet pepper seedlings

• The temperature of the room in which the seedlings germinate should be about + 22-25 ° C.
• In order for the seedlings to have enough sunlight, the container is placed on the windowsill. In cloudy weather, in the morning and in the evening, you need to illuminate the seedlings fluorescent lamp. Normally, the plant should receive light from 8.00 to 20.00. With a lack of lighting, yellowing and falling leaves are observed.
• As the soil dries up, watering is provided at room or slightly warm temperature. It is important to provide seedlings with moderate watering, avoiding either drying out of the soil or stagnant moisture. Excessive moistening of seedlings can lead to black leg disease. Seedlings respond favorably to spraying (from a sprayer) leaves with water.
• When airing the room, it is better to remove the seedlings from the windowsill, because. they don't like drafts.

Planting seedlings of sweet pepper in separate glasses

• When two true leaves appear on a young plant (not counting the cotyledons), the seedlings are transplanted into separate cups or pots.
• First, the soil of the container is moistened with water.
• When transplanting, carefully prying the sprout, keeping a clod of earth near the root, the seedling is planted in a separate container. This event will ensure the best survival of the seedling.
• When transplanting, it is better to pinch the main (long) root, about 1 cm, to stimulate the development of lateral roots.
• The seedling is placed in a cup with soil mixture, sprinkled with soil to the level of the cotyledon leaves and watered.
• In the period of appearance of 2-3 leaves, the first dressing of seedlings is carried out. To do this, take 0.5 g of ammonium nitrate, 1 g of potassium-containing fertilizers, 3 g of superphosphate and dissolve everything in 1 liter of water.
• The next top dressing is carried out after about 2 weeks with a double dose of fertilizer.
• The last fertilization falls on the period before planting seedlings (for 2-3 days) on the street. The dose is doubled again.
• Many gardeners recommend, a day before planting seedlings, sprinkle it with a solution of a natural growth stimulator. The plant will be more hardy, resistant to diseases and will show high fruiting results.

Planting seedlings of sweet pepper in open ground

• On the permanent place, seedlings of heat-loving sweet pepper planted only in May month (at the age of 90-100 days). The plant by this time has about 10 leaves. Seedlings planted on the site in the first half of the month are covered with a film to avoid freezing. If, however, the pepper was planted in the second half of May, additional shelter not necessary.
• Before planting seedlings (for 1.5-2 weeks) in open ground, it is carried out hardening. To do this, in good weather, seedlings are periodically exposed to the street (balcony), gradually increasing the exposure time. At night, seedlings must be brought into the room.

Sweet pepper for greenhouses

• Seedlings for planting pepper in a greenhouse are grown in the manner described above.
• The soil in the greenhouse, before planting, is fertilized with organic and mineral fertilizers.
• Planted seedlings for greenhouses in more early age(50-60 days), at a distance of about 40-50 cm between seedlings and with a row spacing of 60-70 cm.
• Peppers are planted in the greenhouse soil along with a clod of earth from a cup where seedlings grew. The procedure is done carefully, avoiding transplant stress for the plant.
• After planting, the seedlings are watered abundantly, the soil is mulched.

Planting sweet pepper

Pepper planting is carried out in the process of planting germinated and hardened seedlings.

Sowing seeds in open ground is not advisable, even in warm, southern regions. The plant will develop more slowly, and the yields will not be large.

Choosing a place for planting sweet pepper

• The place for planting sweet pepper in open ground should be open, sunny and calm.
• The soil for sweet pepper should be light, nutritious and loose, with good aeration. Straw, peat, sawdust, humus should be added to dense soil. Poor soils need to be fertilized with organic matter, potash and phosphorus mineral fertilizers. Acidic soils should be limed.
• Any vegetable crops (onion, cucumber) can be the predecessors of pepper on the site, except for representatives of nightshade (tomato, potato).
• Peppers are prone to pollination, so you should not plant other varieties of peppers or hot peppers nearby.

Agrotechnics of planting sweet pepper

• For planting, holes are prepared, about 30x50 cm in size. In one hole, at different ends, two plants can be planted at once, then the dimensions of the hole and the aisle are slightly increased.
• Between the holes leave about 30-40 cm, between rows - 40-50 cm. Often, to save space, landing in a checkerboard pattern is practiced.
• Landing is best done in the evening.
• Water is poured into the hole, after it has been absorbed, seedlings are planted.
• The seedling is covered with soil to the level of the neck of the stem.

sweet pepper care

Sweet pepper - demanding care and qualitative composition soil, vegetables. To achieve maximum yields, you need to perform all agrotechnical practices for caring for a plant: watering, loosening, top dressing and pest control.

In addition to the main activities, pinching the central flower on the plant is carried out, which can significantly increase the yield of sweet pepper.

In addition, in hot, humid weather, pinching is carried out, removing lateral stepsons and lower leaves.

• Watering is carried out regularly, as the soil dries.
• Peppers need to be watered often, but little by little.
• Excessive moisture, as well as drying out of the soil, leads to the fall of the ovaries of pepper fruits.
• For irrigation, it is better to use warm water.
• Excellent results are shown by drip irrigation of beds with pepper.

Loosening and mulching

• To prevent the soil from drying out, the beds are mulched with peat or sawdust.
• After watering, if the site is not mulched, it is necessary to loosen the soil shallowly (taking into account the surface root system of the plant).

Fertilization

• Recommend top dressing (2-3 times) during the growing season of the plant.
• The first top dressing, as a rule, is nitrogen. Nitrogen-containing fertilizers or liquid manure (12:1) can be used. Fertilizer application rates must not be exceeded. An excess of nitrogen will negatively affect the fruiting process of the crop.
• Before the start of budding, potassium-phosphorus fertilizers are applied.
• After flowering, during the period of fruiting, superphosphates and wood ash are added.
• Sweet pepper responds well to the introduction liquid dressings organic fertilizers.

Control of pests and diseases of sweet pepper

• Fungal disease "black leg" appears when improper care for pepper and infection of the soil layer: with excessive moisture, use for irrigation cold water, landing in places with constant drafts or dense clay soils. A sign of the disease is a blackened stem at the base. In case of infection, upper layer the soil is removed, and the site is disinfected with a weak solution of bleach.
• Prevention of the disease "late blight" is the disinfection of seeds in a solution of potassium permanganate. Signs of the disease - the appearance brown spots on stem and leaves. Infected plants are sprayed with infusion of onion peel or Bordeaux liquid.
• To, Bell pepper not infected with "black bacterial spot", all plant remains harvested and burned in autumn. Seeds, previously, are subjected to disinfection.
• When attacked by aphids or spider mites, spraying with tincture of garlic, wormwood or tansy helps.
• The fight against bears and slugs comes down to the use of special chemicals or traps.

Sweet pepper garter

• Tall varieties of sweet peppers need a garter and bush formation (leave 2-3 main stems).
• Already when planting seedlings, next to the bush, you can install a support and tie up the stem.

Sweet pepper harvest

• Both ripened fruits and still unripe (greenish) are harvested.
• Unripe fruits are placed in boxes for ripening at room temperature. This will ensure better ripening of the young fruits remaining on the bush.
• When harvesting, the fruits are cut, not broken out, so as not to damage the branches and stems of the bush.
• From the first, large and ripe fruits, you can collect seeds for sowing next year.

Thus, observing the basic rules for planting and caring for a plant, every gardener, including a beginner, can easily grow sweet peppers on his plot.

Well, the undeniable benefits and high nutritional value of this vegetable crop will be an additional incentive self-cultivation pepper.

Sweet pepper, photo

Video: "Features of growing sweet pepper"

Video: "Typical mistakes when growing sweet peppers"

Pepper is one type of vegetable, without which no holiday can do. Bulgarian pepper is always present on the table in the form of cutting or a hot dish, and sweet pepper is present on the winter table in the form of a preparation for the winter. But few people know how grow peppers outdoors on the suburban area. Such a vegetable is very fastidious and requires good care for itself, but every novice gardener dreams of trying to grow it on his own plot.

Seedlings of Bulgarian and sweet pepper

Growing such a vegetable has its pros and cons, if there is an error with watering, sudden changes in temperature or if the transplant is incorrect, the yield decreases to almost zero.

Damaged plants will no longer give the desired harvest for short summer , since without a tie there will be no pollination, and without this the plant will receive less nutrition and thus will not give the long-awaited harvest in the fall.

But in order for it to grow and please with its harvest, it is necessary to plant it very early and ensure seedlings and development without stress and temperature changes. This is the most important thing rule when growing sweet peppers in open ground.

The most important points in sowing bell peppers are:

• Preparation of seeds for sowing;
• soil preparation for sowing peppers;
• sowing seeds;
• picking peppers.

It is better to consider each procedure separately, so as not to miss and avoid mistakes.

Preparing seeds for seedlings for growing peppers in open ground

Purchased seeds need to examine the seeds and remove all frail and damaged ones. good seeds must be treated for a fungal infection.

To do this, put the seeds in gauze, as in a bag and place in a thick solution of potassium permanganate for 20 minutes. After this procedure, rinse with warm, running water.

There is one more good way for good shoots of bell pepper, this is Elina's solution. It is necessary to place a bag of gauze in a solution of 1 drop of Elina diluted with 1 liter of water and leave for one day.

After all these procedures, put the seeds on a damp cloth and cover with wet gauze. In this form, the seeds should be put in a warm place for one week, but if the seeds do not swell, then you can wait another week.

The main thing is not to leave the seeds dry, they must be moistened, otherwise the seeds will dry out and disappear.

Soil preparation for planting

For sowing, you can buy ready-made soil in a specialized store and only add one fifth of the washed sand.

AT ready soil You can no longer add anything, because it already has:

Horse soil;

• deoxidizing additives;
• mineral fertilizer;
• hesmine substances;
• sand;
• agropermit.

To understand why they need the soil, it is better to find out all the additives in detail.

Horse soil is practically free of microbes and absorbs moisture well; all plants cannot do without this additive.

Deoxidizing additives are needed to remove high acidity from the topsoil.

Mineral fertilizer provides mineral nutrition and promotes plant growth.

Hesmine substances are needed for stimulation and root formation, as well as plant resistance.

Sand reduces soil shrinkage during long-term cultivation of the plant. Usually the sand in large numbers need home flowers in pots.

Agropermit saturates the roots with oxygen and promotes their good growth and nourishes the substances necessary for growth.

Experienced gardeners do not buy soil, but do it themselves at home. To do this, you need only two parts of humus, one part of sand and two parts of peat. Mix everything well and heat in the oven for about one hour. In this way, the soil will be ready for planting seeds.

Sowing seeds

Seed ripening occurs 10 or 14 days after germination, and seedlings are best planted when it is 60 days old. Therefore, sowing is best done in mid-February, when the daylight hours are still short.

Before boarding, you need to rinse the plate well in potassium permanganate solution, and then fill it with cooked soil mixture. Lightly compact the soil so that the bowl is two centimeters higher than the soil.

Make a recess and carefully spread the seeds at a distance of 1.5 cm. After filling the seeds with prepared soil and compact.

Pour warm water over, but be careful not to wash the seeds. To prevent moisture from evaporating, you need to close it with a special lid, and if there is no such lid, you can use a regular plastic bag.

Seeds need to be put in a warm place where the air temperature is about 17 degrees. Be sure to water with warm water and not let the soil dry out, but you can’t fill it either.

Be sure to watch the pepper seedlings so that they do not bend over. To avoid this, you need to turn in turn towards the sun. And also it is possible over seedlings

How to bake properly

To reduce the risk of damage to root rot plants, the pepper is transplanted when the plant has two leaves.

But it is better to transplant after 4 weeks, when the seedlings are stronger and more resistant to stressful conditions and the stalks of pepper seedlings are already stronger.

Before transplanting seedlings, you need to shed well and wait for the excess water to drain.

It grows and develops more slowly than tomatoes and therefore it is better to transplant into separate small pots.

Pour pre-prepared soil into half of the pot, make a hole and place pepper seedlings, send with earth and lightly compact. Carefully pour warm water, holding the stems and if the soil has settled, then you need to add the prepared soil, but not too much. Peppers should be half potted, not completely covered.

Place these seedlings in a warm and well-lit room.

How to feed seedlings

Care for seedlings should already begin after the peppers are transplanted open ground in their summer cottage.

First feeding is done after two weeks after diving and two weeks after the first bait. While the plant is young, it is better and very convenient to apply top dressing in liquid form. You can buy it at flower shop and the best choice is:

• Agricola;
• Strong;
• Fertik;
• Suite;
• Mortar.

How to properly dilute the top dressing for peppers will be written in the instructions for use.

Two weeks before planting bell peppers in ordinary soil in a summer cottage, it is necessary to harden seedlings in the open fresh air.

But you need to take into account one necessary part of the open air: direct sunlight should not fall on the peppers, but there should also be no cold and strong wind either.

Most the best way a closed balcony with a non-sunny side is suitable for hardening.

Grow seedlings in peat tablets

There is another great way for seedlings of peppers - these are peat tablets. Peat tablets give excellent results, and a plant that is stressed when diving can no longer be afraid, so like this procedure with a peat tablet do not need to be performed.

The peat tablet contains all the necessary additives for the development of pepper and with the help of such a wonderful tablet to grow good seedlings even for beginner gardeners.

Seedlings still need to be grown in separate pots, so peat tablets can be taken with a diameter of three centimeters.

Place on a pallet right amount peat tablets and pour them with warm water. When swelling, the tablets increase and take the form of a glass.

Once peat tablet swell up to right size and stop absorbing water, you need to drain the excess water and make a small hole in the cups

Pepper seeds should be prepared in the same way as when sown in the soil. This must also be done in advance. Seeds should be carefully placed in the holes and sprinkled with prepared soil. Close the tray with a lid or put on a plastic bag.

Pepper planting and care in the open field

Peppers do not like cold and heavy soil, and if there is clay soil on the site, then better cultivation Bulgarian pepper in open ground should be fertilized with peat and humus.

The earth needs to be dug up well on a spade bayonet and rake well so that there are no large lumps. After that, make not very deep holes for planting, but very frequent holes also do not need to be done.

Before planting, you need to put a little bit of mineral fertilizer in each hole, which will contain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Such a composition must be mixed well until a homogeneous mass.

Carefully remove the seedling from the pot, being careful not to damage the root system of the pepper. Place the seedlings in the hole and fill the hole halfway with soil. You need to fall asleep so that the entire root system of the seedling is closed.

Pour abundantly with warm water and for a year the water will be absorbed to cover the entire hole with dry earth.

If the plant is tall and requires a garter, then it is worth tying the peppers to a special support. If the nights are still cold, then you need to cover sweet peppers in polyethylene meadows, but you can’t cover them with woven covering material.

Outdoor Pepper Care

In order for outdoor cultivation to be carried out with proper care, there are four rules:

1. Top dressing.
2. Watering.
3. Prophet.
4. Garters.

Top dressing. During growth and cultivation, it is necessary to feed three times. The first top dressing after 10 days after planting in ordinary soil can be fed with ordinary manure.

The second dressing is done before flowering. They are fed with a woody hall or supperfastate. To do this, dilute potassium humate with 10 liters of water. Pour peppers with this solution.

The third top dressing should occur two weeks after flowering. Feed with a woody hall. And you can also feed sweet peppers with nettle solution. To do this, cut the nettle into small pieces and pour warm water. Infuse this solution for several days, and then pour over the peppers.

Watering. Sweet peppers are very fond of moisture, but an excess of pepper is very harmful. Therefore, sweet peppers need to be watered as the soil dries.

Prophet. Light and fluffy soil good growth plants. It is imperative to ensure that the peppers are not overgrown with grass, and the soil must be loosened near the peppers.

Capsicum is the champion among vegetable crops in terms of vitamin C content. It surpasses lemon and blackcurrant. In our daily diet, sweet pepper is not the last place.

What is not prepared from it: marinated and stuffed, canned and stewed in oil, cut into salads and side dishes, added to soups and simply eaten raw. Growing it is not difficult if you know the basic techniques of agricultural technology.

Sweet pepper

Sweet or bell pepper is an annual, self-pollinating plant native to the American tropics. Its fruits are two-, three-sided false berries with many seeds inside.

Depending on the variety, the shape of the fruit may be elongated, cylindrical, conical or spherical. Coloring - from green and dark red to violet, including all shades of yellow.

The plant is thermophilic. It grows best with a 12-hour day, which is always taken into account when growing peppers. Seeds germinate if the air temperature is consistently warm - 12–15 degrees. A huge number of different varieties are grown in the same way, in compliance with simple rules. Proper care will help grow a good harvest.

Planting sweet peppers for seedlings

Growing a heat-loving crop with vitamin fruits begins with the preparation of seeds for planting seedlings. When buying them, you should pay attention to the expiration date. The best germination is in seeds two or three years old.

Many manufacturers process the seed with special preparations, as they write on the packaging. If there is no corresponding inscription, before landing them must be pickled to protect plants from various diseases.

The easiest way is to soak in a strong manganese solution. To do this, manganese is dissolved in a small amount of water to obtain dark color. The seeds are dipped into the solution for 20 minutes, then washed under running water and dried.

Seeds can be hardened by placing them in a woven bag and sending them to the refrigerator for 4-5 days, and warm them up so that they sprout faster - on a heating battery.

Many treat seeds with growth stimulants like "Epin". This is done just before landing, according to the instructions. But most experienced vegetable growers do not do this, but simply choose plants with a well-developed root system - the strongest seedling bushes.

When you grow several types of vegetable crops on your plot, not everyone can devote too much time to each crop. But the treatment of seeds from diseases is sacred. Otherwise, some virus will destroy all your work in the bud.

When sowing seeds for seedlings, it should be taken into account that it can be planted in the ground 40–45 days after the pepper has risen. seeds germinate after 2-4 weeks, depending on the temperature, grade and composition of the soil.

Knowing this, you can easily calculate the sowing time for your region. In the south, seeds are planted around the end of February - early March, to be planted in April or May. AT middle lane peppers are grown by planting seedlings not earlier than June, but in warm years- at the end of May.

How to prepare soil for seedlings

Preparing the land for sowing sweet pepper seedlings is a very simple matter if you buy it in a store. If this is not possible, you can cook yourself. Pepper is demanding on the soil. It should be like this:

Unlike purchased soil, the land prepared with your own hands, must be disinfected. To do this, you can calcine it in the oven for 30 minutes at a temperature of 50 degrees. The simplest composition of the soil:

• garden land;
• river sand;
• humus or well-ripened compost;
• wood ash.

All components, except for ash, should be in equal proportions. Add ash at the rate of 1 glass per 10 kg of mixed soil.

Growing seedlings of peppers

Seeds can be planted in a small seedling box with pre-made holes in the bottom or directly into cups. Planting in cups is preferable. Peppers don't like transplanting too much.

The soil must be watered, spread out on the surface of the seeds and covered with a dry mixture with a layer of 2-3 cm. The distance between the seeds is about 2 cm. Cover the box or cups with cling film and put in a warm place. When the first shoots appear, the film is removed.

If the pepper is planted in a box, then in the phase of two or three true leaves it must be picked into cups. To do this, carefully pry the plant with a knife and transfer it to a glass. It is not necessary to deepen it like tomato seedlings, it does not form roots from the trunk.

If the seeds were planted in cups, we leave the most strong plant, and carefully pluck the rest, squeezing with your nails near the ground. It is not necessary to pull out the sprouts so as not to damage the roots of the abandoned plant.

We remove the picked plants for several days in a darkened place so that direct sunlight does not interfere with rooting. Then again put on the windowsill or in another sunny place. To arrange a 12-hour light day for seedlings, you can use the backlight with a fluorescent lamp.

Humidity will be supported by a container of water placed nearby. After 40-45 days, when the land on the site warms up enough, and the temperature at night does not fall below 12 degrees Celsius, the seedlings are planted in the garden and continue to be grown in open ground.

Planting seedlings of pepper in the garden

To grow peppers, the planting site must be sunny, with good fertile land, protected from strong winds and stagnant water.

If you plant several varieties, you need to plant them away from each other to prevent accidental cross-pollination.

Before boarding, you can shed holes pink solution of manganese - 10 grams per bucket of water. This will disinfect the soil from bacteria.

It is necessary to plant seedlings on a cloudy day, early in the morning or in the evening, to the same depth as in a glass. Before taking out the seedlings, it must be pour plenty of water. Add a handful of humus or compost and a pinch of ash to the hole.

You can grow this plant two-line rows, planting two plants in one hole at a distance of 40–50 cm from each other. The width between the rows is 60 cm. After planting, the seedlings are watered and mulched with earth or humus.

Caring for planting sweet peppers

Growing pepper requires certain rules. Performing them, you can achieve a good harvest even in unfavorable years. Care consists in the following agricultural practices:

Need to be watered as needed. One plant needs 2-3 liters of water. You can check the soil moisture by digging the earth to a depth of 5 cm. It should be moist and crumble when compressed into a lump.

The root system of pepper is located close to the surface of the earth, so untimely watering can seriously affect the yield. After every watering loosen and mulch so that a crust does not form.

Plants must be weeded very carefully so as not to touch the surface roots. It's best to be simple cut weeds with a hoe at the very ground. You do not need to remove them from the garden, this is additional material to feed the pepper.

After heavy rains, especially when the surface of the earth is eroded, plants need to loosen. If this is not done, the dense crust formed under the rays of the sun will block the access of air to the roots, and the plants may die.

Top dressing when growing peppers, you can start two weeks after he landed into open ground. To do this, you can use ready-made store mixes or liquid organic top dressing. These plants are very responsive to organic fertilizers, for example, mullein. Cow dung is used for its preparation.

It is poured with water 1:1 and placed for fermentation in a sunny place. When the process is over - this is about a week or two - the solution is filtered and 1 liter is added to a bucket of water. Can use bird droppings - 1 bucket of guano is poured with 2 buckets of water. Further, just as with mullein - filter and dilute with water in the same proportion.

From mineral fertilizers, you can use the following composition:

• 10 liters of water;
• 15 grams of ammonium nitrate;
• 15 grams of potassium chloride;
• 25 grams of superphosphate.

All dressings combined with irrigation so as not to burn the roots. Feed the plants every 10 days.

Disease control in sweet pepper cultivation

The most common disease that destroys the planting of sweet peppers is bacterial wilt or verticillium. At the same time, the plants lose their elasticity and wither, as if from a lack of water.

It is almost impossible to fight such a disease. To protect healthy plants, diseased bushes from infection pulled out and removed from the garden. When buying seeds, choose varieties that are resistant to this disease.

The causes of diseases can be very different:

• improper care;
• viral infection;
• bacterial infection;
• fungal attack.

With excessive moisture, the basal neck of the plant can hit the black leg- the trunk near the ground becomes thinner and blackens. You can save the rest of the plants by immediately loosening the soil and powdering the trunks with ash.

Blossom rot infects the fruit. Watery spots appear on them, which quickly darken. Sick fruits are collected and burned.

Viral stolbur disease carried by insects. Infected plants stop growing, turn yellow and dry out.

There are quite a few diseases of pepper, so the fight against them lies in the proper care of plantings. It is almost impossible to cure a diseased plant. For the purpose of prevention, spraying with special preparations is used.

Sweet Pepper Pest Control

Pests in pepper are much less than diseases. You can and should fight them. When aphids appear, a few sprays with a solution of ordinary laundry soap or an infusion of tobacco dust are enough. Processing should be done every 5-6 days.

Spider mite does not like infusion of garlic and dandelion. In severe cases, chemicals are used. Slugs do not tolerate mustard powder, ground pepper and tobacco dust scattered on the ground.

Growing pepper, you can see that pests rarely massively damage plants. This happens only in bad years. The danger is that many insects carry various viruses, which are very difficult to fight.

Therefore, in order to destroy harmful insects also use spraying with special preparations. This will save the pepper from many diseases.

Observing simple rules when growing sweet peppers, the first crop can be harvested already in the middle of summer. good care will provide the whole family with vitamins, delighting with tasty and healthy dishes.