Growing physalis from seeds. Physalis - an orange miracle in the country

Physalis is a perennial plant in origin, it can be grown in rooms as an annual. The genus Physalis unites about 93 species, 17 of them form edible fruit, but not all of them are introduced into the culture. In the wild, physalis grows on Black Sea coast Caucasus (subtropics). AT room conditions of cultivated physalis, 2 types are most often grown: Mexican (aka vegetable) and strawberry, and somewhat less often - Peruvian physalis. Mexican physalis reaches no more than 60-80 cm in height, it requires containers at least 25 cm deep, and strawberry grows up to 30-40 cm, smaller pots can be used to grow it.

Varieties

The best varieties of Mexican physalis for growing indoors are:

Wren. Early ripening (105-110 days pass from germination to ripening), cold-resistant variety. The fruits are flat-round, weighing 100 g, with a high content of pectins (up to 14%). Keeping quality is high (3-5 months), transportability is good. They are used fresh and processed, including for the preparation of confectionery and dry wine.

Confectioner. Mid-early variety with fruits weighing up to 80 g flat-round shape.

Varieties of physalis strawberry

Gold scattering. Early ripening (100-105 days pass from germination to ripening), cold-resistant variety. Fruits weighing 5-10 g, yellow-amber, taste and aroma resemble pineapple and strawberries, are used in fresh and for processing.

Raisin. Early maturing self-pollinating variety. The bush is low. The fruits are yellow-orange, taste and smell are close to pineapple. It is used for food in fresh and processed form. Tolerates heat well.

Peruvian physalis varieties

Peruvian cherry. The variety is late-ripening, self-pollinating. The bush is very vigorous. Cherry-sized fruits, bright orange, sweet and sour, with a strong strawberry flavor and aroma. The taste is good. The yield is low. Heat-loving variety.

Optimal placement

Physalis feels best on the southern windows, the eastern and western windows are acceptable, the northern ones are undesirable (additional lighting is required). In spring and summer, early autumn physalis is recommended to be taken out to the balcony, veranda, to the loggia, where it will grow beautifully and give high yield.

temperature and temperature requirements

Best of all, physalis grows at a winter indoor temperature of at least 18-25 ° C. Within 3-5 days after germination, it is desirable to reduce the temperature of the content to 8-10°C. After this period, the optimal temperatures for the development of seedlings are 15-17 ° C during the day in cloudy weather, 18-22 ° C during the day in sunny weather and 10-12 ° C at night. With more high temperatures yield decreases, at lower - plants can get sick and die.

Soil mix requirements

For the cultivation of both types of physalis, sandy and loamy soils with a pH of about 6 and with a slightly acidic reaction are optimal, but in general they tolerate moderately acidic soil well. Physalis seedlings can be grown in standard special soil mixtures for seedlings or in a mixture of garden loamy soil with humus in equal proportions (it is desirable to add sand to clay soil). Other variants of nutrient soil mixtures are also used, in particular, a peat-mush mixture (low-lying, highly decomposed peat, humus and garden soil in a volume ratio of 5:3:2). If the soil mixture turned out to be too acidic, lime materials (chalk, slaked lime or lime tuff) in such an amount that the result is a pH of 5.8-6.0.

Physalis prefers “Universal biosoil” and “Rose” soil mixtures from ready-made earth mixtures; other soils for decorative flowering plants can also be used, provided that their pH is about 6.0.

Excess nitrogen fertilizers highly undesirable, since physalis is prone to fattening (building up the vegetative mass to the detriment of flowering and fruiting).

In seedling boxes or pots, it is necessary to make good drainage.

Growing seedlings

Physalis is propagated by seeds. In room conditions, physalis should be grown seedling way. Seeds germinate at a temperature of 20 ° C, the same containers are used for germination as for tomato (usually small boxes). Before sowing, the seeds must be calibrated and subjected to the same treatment as tomato seeds. As a rule, they are sown in the first days of April (until April 5) in an ordinary way (the distance between rows is 5-8 cm, between seeds - 1-2 cm). The seeds are not buried in the ground, but fall asleep thin layer(about 0.5 cm) light humus soil or sand, watered warm water and put in a warm place.

Shoots appear in 6-8 days. At the age of 25-30 days, seedlings are planted in pots with a diameter of 15-20 cm or in separate balcony boxes. Usually not all seedlings are moved there, but only the most best plants. In the case of using a box, the distance between plants should be 25-30 cm.

When transplanting, the soil must be well wetted.

Irrigation Requirements

The optimal soil moisture for physalis is 70-80%, but it easily tolerates even less, it can be watered somewhat less frequently than tomatoes. The main thing is that the earth in the tank never completely dries out and there is no stagnation of water. Mandatory is watering after picking seedlings.

For irrigation, it is desirable to use warm water.

Atmospheric Humidity Requirements

Both types of physalis are also not demanding on atmospheric humidity; it only makes sense to spray seedlings if heating is working in residential premises at that time.

Pollination

Fruits are formed without pollination, however, in this case, no seeds are formed.

top dressing

Seedlings are usually fed 2 times. Adult plants in rooms should be fed every 10 days (unless mineral sticks are used). As fertilizers, you can use the universal granular top dressing for flowers "Flower" or liquid concentrated fertilizers like "Rainbow" or "Pocon".

plant formation

In the rooms, physalis is grown in a bush, without pinching. To enhance branching, pinch the apical shoots.

Other care

Physalis needs a garter.

After watering, the earth in a pot or box should be periodically loosened.

The main pests for physalis are the wireworm and the winter scoop; in the room, plants rarely suffer from them. Physalis can get late blight, black leg.

Ripening of the first fruits occurs 50-60 days after planting seedlings.

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Description of Physalis

Perhaps many do not know physalis by name, but surely everyone will recognize it outwardly. Physalis (Physalis) is translated from Greek as “bubble” and not by chance, because its shape resembles a growing cup or a red-orange lantern. Although there are more than a hundred types of physalis, two are the most common: Mexican (vegetable) and strawberry sweet. There is also a decorative physalis familiar to everyone. You should be careful with it, because poisonous fruits are hidden behind external attractiveness.

Many people know Physalis by other names, such as: "earth cranberry", " Chinese lanterns”,“ emerald berry ”,“ dog cherry ”, etc.

Wild physalis is quite common in nature, but it is not as attractive as varietal physalis and is also quite toxic. Therefore, you should not transplant it to a personal plot. It is better to use the seeds of strawberry physalis, brought from South America. The fruits of this variety of physalis can be safely eaten in any form, as well as cook "sweets", decorate cakes and preserve.

Mexican physalis fruits can also be eaten, but already using it in the preparation of other dishes. For example, as tomatoes in the preparation of sauces, hot dishes, add raw to salads, marinate, etc.

How to choose the right place

The choice of a place for planting physalis is a rather responsible stage. It depends on it successful growth and development, as well as harvest.

You can briefly list the main requirements for the planting site:

• soil for growing physalis should be calcareous, on acidic soils physalis will not take root;
• it is impossible to plant physalis in the soil in which nightshade plants previously grew: tomatoes, peppers, potatoes (less than 3 years old) to get rid of nightshade pests;
• the site should be well lit all day;
• the accumulation of melt and rain water is unacceptable on the site;
• weed control is also essential.

The soil may be quite suitable for planting physalis, on which others were previously grown. different cultures except nightshade.

And in areas with excessive moisture (if there are no other options), you can make ridges from the soil of approximately 40-45 cm. height.

How to grow physalis from seed outdoors

If the climate in the region where you are going to grow physalis is warm, then sowing seeds can be done directly in open ground. Physalis is unpretentious and propagates by self-sowing, you just have to thin out the plant, remove weeds and monitor development.

Seeds have a shelf life of about four years. Before sowing, the seeds should be poured with a 5% salt solution and observed. Remove the seeds that float up, and rinse and pour those that remain at the bottom saturated solution potassium permanganate for 30 minutes. Then rinse and dry again. A more favorable period for sowing seeds into the soil is from April to early May. The soil must also be prepared before sowing seeds, dug well, to a depth of approximately 20 cm, so that the soil is filled with air. Apply fertilizers per 1 sq.m. - 30 kg of fertilizer. But this must be done in advance, even in early spring. Immediately before sowing the seeds, make grooves, the length of the row spacing should be approximately 0.3 m. It is not worth sowing seeds densely. When shoots appear, thin out in time, keeping a distance of about 25-30cm.

How to grow seedlings

Most gardeners grow physalis through seedlings. Using this method of cultivation, physalis will begin to bear fruit much earlier than sown immediately in open ground. Seedlings are grown for a month or a half, before planting it on the site. Seeds are germinated in separate containers of approximately 0.5 liters. You can sow seeds in convenient boxes according to the 6x8 scheme. In this case, you can do without a pick. Seed treatment before sowing is the same as when sowing in open ground. After sowing, the containers should be removed to a warm place, at least 20 degrees (in a cool place, seedlings will appear in a month). If everything is done correctly, then after seven days the long-awaited sprouts will appear.

Now it is very important to properly care for the seedlings. Sprouts need diffused bright light and warmth. Humidity and watering should be moderate, otherwise the plant may get sick.

Please note! Physalis does not like excessive moisture and drafts!

If everything is done correctly, and the plant does not develop well, then the problem may be in the soil, and the plant should be fed. A good top dressing is considered a solution of water with bird droppings(at a ratio of 20:1).

After feeding, the plants must be spilled with water so that they do not get burned!

What is a pick

A dive is considered to be the seating of seedlings from a common dish into individual containers. If the shoots are too thick, be sure to make a pick, otherwise they will not develop well. The diving process is very careful and must be done carefully so as not to damage root system plants. After each physalis sprout (and it must have at least two good leaf plates) has found its own cup, it can be grown until planting in the ground without additional diving.

When to plant seedlings in the ground

Seedlings should be well formed before planting them in the ground and have at least 5-6 leaves. But before planting seedlings, you should prepare the site. It should be well lit, and the soil should be alkaline or neutral. Also, in advance, for digging, humus or wood ash. Favorable will be the soil on which cucumbers or cabbage previously grew. You can not plant physalis in the ground where nightshade previously grew: tomatoes, eggplant, potatoes, physalis, etc. (at least 4 years). Since all nightshades are susceptible to infection with the same diseases, and their pathogens remain in the soil for a long time.

Please note! Fresh manure cannot be used to fertilize the site! (Manure has a period of decomposition, not considering which, you can destroy the plant)

What are the features of planting physalis

As mentioned earlier, physalis has more than a hundred species, and each has its own characteristics!

Most species and varieties are highly branched. Given these features, seedlings should be planted in a checkerboard pattern, at a distance of approximately one step (50 cm). If you have tall varieties of physalis, then in this case you need to take into account the garter of plants. Holes should be dug deep enough to submerge the plant to the first leaf plate. Then, falling asleep with soil, water well. Overgrown seedlings are planted in holes filled with water (1.5 l) so that the roots straighten well, and then covered with soil and tamped. It is very advisable to cover the surface with peat after planting the seedlings in the ground.

Caring for physalis is very simple. Like any plants in the garden, physalis needs systematic watering, weed control and loosening of the soil. Physalis also needs regular feeding, which must be applied to the soil correctly and carefully. Good feed are organic fertilizers, which include a solution based on chicken manure in the ratio (1:15) or mullein (1:10). Top dressing should be applied after watering. Physalis does not like excessive moisture, therefore, if the weather does not work out, the plant will need to be spudded.

How to propagate physalis

The easiest way to propagate is to grow physalis from seeds and dive. Physalis can also be propagated by cuttings and lateral processes. Features of decorative physalis are growing a large number shoots from a creeping rhizome, which is not deep in the soil. In spring or autumn, you can dig out a part of the rhizome with developed shoots and plant it in a new place. The preparation of cuttings is carried out in the warm season (best in July), they begin with cutting off the upper part of the shoots with developed 2-3 internodes and bury them in the ground by ½ part for rooting. During this period, the plant needs extra care and placed under a perforated film. Also provide systematic watering and protect from direct sunlight. When the plant takes root and acquires the same turgor, the film can be removed.

Growing physalis in the open field, do not forget that you can not combine in one area different varieties physalis. This will lead to crossbreeding of the plant, resulting in small and misshapen fruits.

How to deal with pests and diseases

Physalis is practically not subject to diseases. But because of improper care the plant can get sick and die. A disease such as mosaic is the result of improper care. As a result of which, physalis leaves acquire a contrasting shade with dark green and light green spots. The number of fetuses becomes less than half .. And, it is almost impossible to cure such a disease. To prevent the spread of the disease, the affected branches are separated along with the rhizome, dug up and destroyed. The rest of the plants are processed, shed strong mortar potassium permanganate.

In areas with high humidity Physalis can be susceptible to blackleg disease. Signs of such a disease: the stem at the base begins to turn black, then the plant dies. To prevent this from happening, you need to loosen the surface of the substrate in time, systematically thin out seedlings, water the plants correctly and only in the morning.

There is also such a common disease in nightshade as late blight. It is characterized by the formation of black or brown subcutaneous spots on nightshade fruits. And. arises owing to damp rainy weather, especially when berries are formed. Fruits affected by late blight should not be eaten. Effective way in the fight against this disease is spraying the bushes with Bordeaux liquid (1%), but this must be done even before the formation of the ovary!

Late blight is most often carried by potatoes and tomatoes. If these crops previously grew on the site, then physalis or other nightshade should not be planted in this place.

Fusarium - fungal disease caused by fungi of the genus Fusarium. A plant affected by this disease begins to wither, even before fruiting. Such a plant should be dug up, and the roots and tops should be destroyed, and the soil should be disinfected.

Physalis can also affect various rots: white, gray. Signs of damage can be easily detected by examining the plant. It is covered with whitish or gray coating, the cups of the plant crack and dry out, the fruits rot. In such cases, the plant should be carefully examined in order to detect the disease in time and prevent its development. The plant should be treated during the growing season with Bordeaux liquid, ridomil or copper oxychloride.

Also, physalis, in addition to diseases, can be threatened by pests. Medvedki and wireworms can damage the root system of the plant. To protect plants from bears use plastic bottles(2-3l). To do this, cut off the neck and bottom of the bottle, cut it in half and install the rings in the soil (after preparing the holes in the soil). Plants are planted in rings and covered with earth, but it is important that each ring rises above the soil surface by at least 5 cm, then the bears will not be able to harm the young bush.

In the fight against wireworms, baits are used. To do this, dig holes around the perimeter of the site, put hay or rotten grass in them and cover with boards and leave for a day or two. After that, the baits are checked, very carefully everything is removed from the pit and destroyed. In autumn, the site is very carefully dug up so that all remaining larvae die in winter.

Another pest is aphids. This insect is a carrier of late blight. To do this, the plant should be treated with insecticides several times during the season.

Physalis care (video)

How to prepare physalis for winter

We prepare perennial decorative physalis for winter in autumn period. The ground part is cut off. From decorative physalis you can create wonderful winter bouquets, for this sheet plates cut off, and the shoots with red-orange lanterns are dried in a suspended form. The soil on which physalis grew, before wintering, is sprinkled with a layer of mulch (peat).

Edible varieties of physalis, berry and vegetable annuals do not remain for the winter. After harvesting the fruits, the plant is destroyed, and the soil is dug up.

How to collect physalis seeds

2-2.5 months after transplanting physalis seedlings into open ground, approximately in August or September, harvesting begins. Fruits are plucked together with dried cups in sunny weather. The berries do not all ripen in the same way, therefore, those that are below can ripen earlier and fall to the ground on their own. Such berries can be harvested and used for cooking or simply eaten raw. You can extract seeds from them. To do this, a ripe berry is cut in half with a knife and both parts are immersed in water (preferably rain) for a day. Then the pulp can be ground through a sieve, and the seeds are washed and dried.

Useful properties and contraindications

Edible varieties of physalis are rich in such useful substances as proteins, carbohydrates, fats. Contains dietary fiber, vitamins A and C, iron, zinc, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, etc. It also has diuretic, hemostatic, antimicrobial, analgesic, choleretic, healing, anti-inflammatory properties. Using infusions, decoctions, as well as eating fresh physalis fruits, you can help treat urolithiasis. Also, you can treat bronchitis, edema, rheumatism, hepatitis, gout, cystitis, dysentery, hypertension, dermatosis, and simply improve your mood.

Carefully! The fruits of decorative physalis contain toxic substances: alkaloids and physalis, which can greatly harm the body.

What is the difference between edible and decorative physalis (video)

Physalis, family - nightshade. thermophilic perennial, in apartments can be grown as an annual. Feature- a swollen calyx - a "flashlight", inside which a fruit develops - a berry.

Peruvian physalis, pubescent physalis, sticky-fruited physalis and others vegetable crops(fruits are sweet with strawberry flavor) are grown in Asia, North and South America, Africa, Europe.

In the wild, physalis grows on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. Cultural are 2 types: Mexican and strawberry. Under room conditions, Mexican physalis reaches no more than 60-80 cm, and strawberry - 30-40 cm. The leaves are light green, broadly oval. The flowers are small, greenish-yellow, self-pollinating. The fruit is a fleshy berry different colors(violet and red to light yellow).

Physalis fruits are tasty, they are used both fresh and processed. By content useful substances, physalis is superior to many varieties of tomato and pepper. In terms of pectin content (up to 3.68% wet weight), physalis is unique vegetable plant. This makes it particularly valuable for processing (the production of mashed potatoes, caviar, sauces, jams, marmalade, jelly, marmalade, stalemate, candied fruits, pickles and marinades). In addition, the fruits of physalis can serve as a raw material for obtaining citric acid(up to 1.17% wet weight). Physalis fruits contain organic acids necessary for a person: malic (up to 150 mg%), oxalic (up to 53.6 mg%), succinic (up to 2.0 mg%), as well as tartaric, furolic, caffeic, synapic acids. Of the other biologically active substances, physalis contains tannins, vitamin PP, carotenoids, fizalin.

Physalis is used in traditional medicine: high content of pectin makes the fruits suitable for dietary nutrition for binding and excretion from the human body heavy metals, radionuclides, excess cholesterol, as well as to combat diarrhea. In addition, the fruits can be used fresh, as well as in the form of juice, in the form of an infusion or decoction of dried fruits for dropsy, gout and articular rheumatism, diseases of the liver and stomach, as a diuretic for kidney and bladder stones, with inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract. Withanolides (steroidal substances) found in physalis have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and according to some reports, anti-cancer effect.

Growing in room conditions.

The best varieties of physalis are: Moscow Early, Ground, Gribovsky, Confectionery and others.

Physalis is a photophilous and heat-loving plant. In autumn and winter, it should be placed on bright windows, with a room temperature of at least 18-25 ° C. In spring and summer, early autumn, physalis is recommended to be taken out to the balcony, veranda, to the loggia, where it will grow beautifully and produce a high yield of fruits.

The best soils for planting physalis are neutral substrates rich in organic matter, such as "Universal Biosoil" or "Rose" soil mixture.

In room conditions, physalis should be grown in seedlings. Seeds are sown in small boxes, and then the best plants are transplanted into large pots (15-20 cm in diameter) or separate boxes. The distance between plants is 25-30 cm. They are grown as a bush, without using a garter and pinching. Further care behind the plant consists in infrequent watering and top dressing, which is carried out every 10 days. As a fertilizer, it is best to use a universal granular flower food "Flower" or a liquid concentrate.