Growing tomato seedlings at home, care features. How to grow tomato seedlings at home How to grow healthy tomato seedlings in an apartment

Tomatoes are a crop that must be germinated before planting in open ground, in a greenhouse or in a home flower pot. There are many options for obtaining high-quality seedlings, and each of them has its supporters. So, for example, seeds can be planted:

• dry or pre-soaked (peeled);
• hardened or not;
• with various irrigation options;
• with or without supplements.

Consider one of these options, simple, affordable and giving 100% results.

Buying seeds

This is currently not a problem. The main thing is to choose a variety that will take root well in your climatic conditions. It is also important to pay attention to the production date. It is optimal that the seeds were harvested in the previous harvest. Germination and other indicators are standardized by law.

Seed preparation

After you have selected high-quality seeds from the bag, they need to be prepared for planting. You can plant tomato seeds in dry form - this method has enough fans. Moreover, it is believed that hybrid varieties should not be soaked. But most gardeners still prefer to pre-soak the seeds.

You need to do the following:

• disinfect - we stand for a day in 0.8% acetic acid, treat with 1% potassium permanganate solution for 20 minutes, rinse;
• we start growth - we wash with hot (about 60 ° C) water for 30 minutes;
• soak - put in warm (25 ° C) water for a day;
• harden (this increases resistance to temperature extremes) - leave in the refrigerator for 24 hours, you can for two days.

Useful: there are special mixtures for disinfecting seeds, as well as compounds for watering seedlings, which include the necessary antiseptic impurities.

After that, we select the right amount of the best sprouted (pecked) seeds and plant them in the ground.

Priming

In stores, there are enough options for mixtures for vegetable crops, there are also specific soils for seedlings of tomatoes, peppers, and eggplants. You can also make your own soil mixture by mixing in equal proportions:

• ordinary garden soil;
• humus;
• peat.

It is advisable to feed the soil with superphosphate, wood ash, and water with mineral fertilizers. The latter should be added in the following proportions:

• potassium sulfate (contains sulfur, calcium, potassium, magnesium) 20 grams per 10 liters of water;
• carbamide - 10 g / 10 l;
• superphosphate - 30 g / 10 l.

Important: if you buy ready-made soil, these fertilizers and top dressings may already be included in its composition. Then you don't need to add anything.

Landing dates

The best is seedlings of tomatoes, which were planted 50-60 days before planting in open ground or in a greenhouse. So, for central Russia:

• early varieties should be sown in mid-late February;
• greenhouse - in the first week of March;
• usual - in the last week of March.

But, of course, you need to navigate according to climatic conditions and the thermophilicity of the variety.

Planting seeds in the ground

For tomato seedlings, you can use a variety of containers. Most often, seeds are sown in a common container, for example, plastic or even cardboard boxes, purchased and home-made boxes. Later, the plants are planted - dive. But you can plant each seed in its own container, although this complicates care and slows down the development of the root system. The procedure is as follows:

1. We pour a layer of expanded clay into the box so that water does not stagnate.
2. Pour the soil 5–6 cm, tamp it a little, water it a little, loosen it.
3. We make grooves with a width and depth of 1–1.5 cm at a distance of about 5 cm from each other.
4. We spill the soil, and especially the grooves, with water or a nutrient mixture with a temperature of about 50 ° C.
5. We place the seeds at a distance of 3-4 cm from each other in the groove, slightly (!) Pressing them into the ground.
6. We fill the grooves from above with loose soil, slightly crush it, but not much.
7. Spray with water from a spray bottle. Everything should be slightly moistened, abundant watering is unacceptable.
8. We close the box on top with a film for a greenhouse, glass or just transparent polyethylene.
9. We put the container with future tomato seedlings in a place with sufficiently high illumination and a temperature of about 22–25 ° C.

What to do when shoots appear

After the shoots appear (hatch), and this should happen in 3–10 days, the top cover of the box must be removed and the plants moved to a cooler room. The optimum temperature is 17–20°C during the day and 15°C at night. Insolation must be very high. Then the "loops" of sprouts will very quickly unfold the first leaves - cotyledons, and later real leaves will appear.

Table of approximate dates for the emergence of seedlings from hatched seeds.

The strongest seedlings are those that appear on the 6-7th day at a temperature of 25 ° C. They must grow together. Those that are far behind can be immediately cut off, of course, if you have enough seedlings. Just do not "uproot" them, as this will disrupt the root system of other plants.

How to water and feed

After sowing the seeds, the first watering will take place somewhere on the 10th day. By this time, mass seedlings should appear and take shape well. For starters, 1 teaspoon of water per plant will be enough.

Further, until the first true leaves appear, watering is carried out approximately once every 5-6 days. The soil should be moist, but not wet. Otherwise, oxygen will not be supplied to the roots, and this will slow down their development or even cause decay. Before picking, somewhere in 2 days, tomato seedlings can be fed with mineral fertilizers and watered.

Important: picking is carried out when the soil is slightly dry. So the last watering before it needs to be done somewhere in 1-2 days.

picking

When the first two true leaves appear at the tomato seedlings (the lowest ones are false and are called cotyledons), you can and should carry out a pick - planting plants in individual pots. For this:

1. We take out the group with the earth from the box.
2. We carefully disassemble the clod of earth, separating one plant.
3. We pinch the main stem root (this can be omitted if the tomatoes grow on dry soil that will rarely be watered).
4. We transplant the plant into an individual container with a volume of about half a liter. The bottom of the pot should have holes for water to drain. We fill the container with soil about 2/3, make a hole in which we place a young tomato. At the same time, it is necessary to take it away from the group with a clod of earth, since the roots already have lateral processes - hairs that can be damaged by knocking down the earth.
5. We sprinkle the stem of the plant with earth somewhere in 1/2 or 2/3 from the root to the cotyledon.
6. Gently crush the ground around the seedling.
7. Water the plant sparingly.

Video - Tomato seedlings: from shoots to picks

What to do with seedlings from picking to planting in the ground

1. Plants need to be watered regularly, but the first watering after picking can be done no earlier than day 4. At first, tomatoes are irrigated about once a week, but as the seedling grows, the frequency of watering increases. It is necessary to pour enough water to soak the entire earthen lump. The next watering - only after the earth has dried. Before planting in the ground, the tomato will require daily watering. Water temperature - about 22 ° C, it is desirable to defend the water.
2. Plants need to be fed with nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers. It is better for beginner gardeners to purchase ready-made mixtures, dilute them in water and water young tomato seedlings. If you want to prepare the solution yourself, then its composition per 10 liters of settled water should be as follows:

• ammonium nitrate - 10 g;
• superphosphate - 35 g;
• potassium sulfate - 10 g.

The first feeding is carried out on the 12th day after picking. You can repeat top dressing after 10-15 days.

Important: phosphorus and potassium are in ordinary ash, so supporters of "clean" fertilizers can use a solution of 1 tablespoon of ash per liter of water.

1. Light day for young tomato seedlings should be about 12 hours. It is desirable that the plants are oriented "to the sun" in the same way as they will be oriented on the site.
2. The ideal temperature for tomatoes is 22-24°C during the day and 14-16°C at night.
3. Hardening seedlings is an important process, because it is impossible to achieve ideal conditions in a natural environment. So 10–12 days before planting in the ground, you need to gradually lower the temperature to 14–15 ° C. For 4–5 days, the temperature can be set within 12–13°C. Airing, cloudy weather, humidity changes - all this will accustom the plant to future real conditions of existence.

As a result, a tomato seedling should have 7 or more leaves, the thickness of the trunk should be about 7 mm, the height should not exceed 25 cm, the root system should be well developed.

Summarizing

Before planting tomatoes in the ground, they must be germinated at home. To do this, prepare seeds and soil, sow, dive after the appearance of two leaves, feed, water and maintain the correct temperature and light conditions. And then all the plants must take root, and gardeners get a good harvest of tomatoes.

Foreword

Many beginners in gardening are wondering: "How to plant tomato seedlings?". Let's look at the intricacies of preparing seedlings, caring for them, and transplanting them into open soil.

To plant seedlings, first of all, you need to grow it. The first step on the way to sowing will be the preparation of purchased seeds for planting. To do this, prepare a solution by adding 2 tablespoons of salt to water and boiling it. Next, pour the purchased seeds into the liquid and after 5 minutes remove the seeds that have floated to the surface. Rinse the remaining seed thoroughly and use for cultivation.

Strong seedlings of tomatoes

The next step is to disinfect the seeds. To do this, they will need to be treated with a one percent solution of potassium permanganate and rinsed again. After that, the seeds are enriched with mineral fertilizers. You can buy ready-made mixtures or make your own fertilizers. To do this, take:

• 0.45 g of potassium salt;
• 0.02 g of boric acid;
• 0.04 g of ammonium molybdate;
• 0.1 g of ammonium sulfate;
• 0.08 g of vitriol.

Mix all the ingredients in 1 liter of water and soak the seeds in the mixture for a day. After that, drain the solution and lay the seeds on a wet cloth.

To get healthy seedlings of tomatoes, you will need to prepare the soil for seed germination. The soil should be moderately moist, nutritious and loose. For growing large varieties of tomatoes, it is best to prepare soddy soil with the addition of sand and humus to it. To normalize the acidity of the earth, 0.4 liters of resin and 150 g of chalk are added to every 10 liters of soil. Such a mixture will be an excellent analogue of expensive soil from the store.

In most cases, gardeners grow a large number of tomatoes. Therefore, we advise you to sow the seeds in wide containers, and after their germination, dive the seedlings into separate vessels. Some lovers use paper milk containers as containers. This is quite convenient, but lactic acid bacteria remain on the walls of the containers, which can provoke the appearance of mold in the soil. Further transplanting of vegetables can be carried out in containers made of plastic bottles or peat pots. Drainage holes must be made at the bottom of each vessel so that water does not stagnate in them.

Before you need to pre-fill the vessels with prepared soil 2 cm below the top edge. After that, the earth must be watered, covered with glass or plastic wrap and left for 24 hours. The next day, remove the shelter and make longitudinal grooves, no more than 5 mm deep. We plant the seed in these grooves, dig in and pour the soil on top with a solution of potassium permanganate. Next, the vessels are again covered with a film and placed next to the battery.

The first sprouts will appear within a week after sowing. As soon as you notice them, remove the film so the seedlings can breathe. Move the seedling containers to a cooler, well-lit area. After another week, the air temperature in the room will need to be raised to 23 ° C.

seedling tomato

After several true leaves appear on the stems of the seedlings, the plants need to be transplanted into separate containers. Proper planting of a tomato requires pinching the main roots of seedlings so that in the future the root system develops even more actively. In addition, seedlings must be hardened off. To do this, lower the room temperature to 16 °C.

The process requires regular feeding. The first time additives are made 10 days after picking. For this purpose, a solution of 8 liters of water, 50 g of superphosphate and 4 g of urea is suitable. The second time the seedlings need to be fed after another 15 days. After fertilization, the soil must be watered and loosened. After planting tomato seedlings, you need to constantly monitor the amount of water and the intensity of lighting. Many beginners grow seedlings incorrectly by pouring very large amounts of water into containers. As a result, plants begin to rot and die.

In early May, grown and strengthened tomato seedlings should be planted in protected soil. After a month, the seedlings will be completely ready for picking already in open soil. Planted plants will grow quickly and give a good harvest if you choose a well-lit garden area with sandy or loamy soil for them.

Landing in the ground

In order to protect seedlings from fungal diseases, 10 days before picking into the garden, the site must be treated with a solution of copper sulfate. Further, holes are made in the ground, 5–6 cm deep. Seedlings are placed in each of them and covered with soil. Immediately after transplanting, the plants must be watered and a small peg inserted near each seedling. In the future, the seedlings will be tied to pegs so that the wind does not break them.

By following the tips above, you can grow healthy seedlings and reap a rich harvest in the future. However, do not relax. After all, very often pests appear in the garden - your direct competitors for tasty and vitamin-rich tomatoes.

Having learned how to properly plant tomato seedlings, you need to pay attention to pest control. Very often, tomato seedlings suffer from a bear. This pest breeds well in moist soils. Medvedka loves potatoes, but often she does not disdain seedlings of tomatoes, gnawing the underground part of their stems.

To combat the bear, you can use various folk, as well as chemical means. Among the latter, it should be noted "Grizzly", "Medvetoks", "Phenaksin Plus" and "Thunder". These drugs have a strong effect, but their fumes are quite dangerous for human health. Therefore, when working with these chemicals, you need to use a protective mask and gloves.

Seedlings after a bear

For the prevention and control of this pest, you must adhere to the following rules:

• do not bring mullein to damp areas of the garden;
• regularly loosen the aisles to destroy the eggs of the bear;
• plant marigolds around the perimeter of the site;
• lay out manure traps.

Another dangerous pest of tomatoes is the wireworm. He prefers to feast on the underground part of the stems and roots. As a result, the seedlings turn yellow and die. To distract the wireworm from tomato seedlings, small pieces of carrots or potatoes should be buried in the soil in the garden. The places where you buried the vegetables should be marked. After 3 days they will have to be dug up and burned. You can also use Bazudin to fight. It must be mixed with sand and sawdust and buried near each bush.

At night, tomato seedlings can be attacked by scoops. At first, the larvae of this butterfly eat the upper parts of the leaves, and later they are mistaken for flowers and ovaries. However, the matter does not end there. As soon as green fruits appear on the bushes, the grown larvae begin to feed on them. To combat the scoop population around the perimeter of the beds, it is necessary to plant calendula. The bed itself should be sprayed twice a week with a tincture of garlic arrows and an infusion of burdock leaves.

Powdery mildew, well known to many summer residents, affects many vegetable crops, including tomatoes. This disease occurs as a result of the appearance of a fungus that forms in a greenhouse in conditions of high humidity. To overcome the disease, it is necessary to spray the seedlings with fungicides in time. The best way to do this would be: Fundazol", "Topaz" and "Vitaros". When using these drugs, you must strictly adhere to the dosage and safety rules.

sign of necrosis

A rather dangerous disease is stem necrosis. This viral disease is formed on the stems of fully formed bushes, after which it passes to the fruits. At the same time, cracks appear on the bottom of the tomatoes, in which, in turn, air roots form. Necrosis can appear not only on grown bushes, but also on seeds. Before sowing, the seeds must be treated with potassium permanganate, and sprouted bushes should be sprayed with a 0.2% Fitolavin solution.

Macrosporiosis is included in the list of the most dangerous viral diseases that affect the leaves and stems of plants. At the same time, brown oval spots appear on the bushes, which eventually merge. As a result, the leaves fall off and the stem dies. To combat macrosporiosis, copper-based preparations should be used. Sick branches and leaves should be immediately removed from the bushes.

Another viral disease of tomatoes is mosaic. This dangerous disease affects bushes at high temperatures, staining their leaves in a mosaic pattern. At the same time, sometimes brown spots form on unripe fruits, which develop into rot. The main carrier of the mosaic is untreated tomato seeds. Before planting, they must be held in a solution of potassium permanganate. When the first signs of the disease are found on the grown bushes, the seedlings should be sprayed with a solution of Bordeaux liquid.

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If the seedlings stretched out

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• You need to plant sprouts at a distance of 30-40 cm from each other;
• Additional lighting for tomato seedlings
• Seeds must first be planted in one large container, and then the best sprouts should be picked in a separate container. Picked sprouts can be planted in special containers that are sold in gardening stores or plastic bottles can be adapted for this. Do not forget to make drainage holes in the bottom of each container.
• I water under the root so that water does not fall on the leaves. The next day after watering, I will definitely loosen the soil.
• Tomatoes are favorites of gardeners, they contain many vitamins and have a wonderful taste. There are many varieties of tomatoes that differ in shape, color and taste. For all varieties of tomatoes, the principles of cultivation are the same. Learning how to grow tomatoes is quite difficult. But even a novice gardener, when following the basic rules of growing, can get beautiful, tasty and large tomatoes on his site. The most important thing is to grow healthy and high-quality seedlings, the harvest of tomatoes depends on it.
• How to grow tomato seedlings? Gardeners usually grow a large number of seedlings. Seeds are first planted in large containers, and then the sprouts dive into another container. Many people use milk bags to plant sprouts. But bacteria can grow in such bags, which leads to mold. Therefore, the picking of seedlings must be carried out either in ordinary plastic bottles or in special peat pots that can be purchased at the store. At the bottom of all these containers should be holes for drainage.

When to sow tomatoes for seedlings according to the growing season?

With the help of picking, you can slightly reduce the effect of stretching the plant in the early stages - deepening the seedling and adding light, you can make the seedlings stronger and healthier. The part of the stem, which, after picking, will be in the ground, will give roots and will additionally nourish the plant. In order for the pickled seedlings to take root quickly and without loss, the soil must be warm enough, and the watering should be uniform without flooding. If we properly plant tomato seedlings, we end up with plants with a strong, stable stem, juicy green leaves and an overall healthy appearance.​

• If it is too early to plant tomatoes for seedlings, it will quickly grow and form, and weather conditions will not allow planting in the ground or under a film. Such seedlings will stretch out, become fragile, pale and painful, will hardly take root in the ground and bear fruit poorly. Sow late - get a small seedling that has not taken shape. The timing of planting seeds depends on the weather conditions of the area where it is planned to grow seedlings, usually it takes 1.5-2.5 months to grow tomato seedlings.
• Tomato, or tomato, is a plant from the Solanaceae family native to South America. Europeans got to know him only after the discovery of the New World, and the tomato, like everything new, took root quite hard and for a long time. Despite this, today the tomato is one of the most popular and sought-after vegetables all over the world. It is difficult to imagine at least one of the national cuisines where the tomato would not be used. Some dishes cannot be imagined without a tomato - just remember Ukrainian borscht, Italian pizza, Mexican chili, American ketchup and much more.​
• In rare cases, if the seedlings are very elongated, the stems of the plants can be cut into two parts at the level of 5 or 6 leaves. The upper cut parts of the plants are placed in a jar of water, where after 8-10 days roots up to 1-1.5 cm in size will grow on the lower stems. Then these plants are planted in nutrient pots 10x10 cm in size or directly in a box with a distance from each other 10x10 or 12x12 cm. Planted plants will continue to grow like ordinary seedlings, which are formed into one stem.

The garage is a multifunctional space. You can install and repair cars in it, design and make various things and mechanisms with your own hands.​

When is the best time to plant tomato seedlings?

It is necessary to prepare the soil before planting, fertilize it;

Soil moisture must be constantly monitored. At the initial stage, a few tablespoons of water are enough, after which the volume gradually increases, but in cold weather it is necessary to water less often. Soil Watering Tips:​

Planting tomato seeds

1. I do not forget about hilling for the formation of additional roots - this enhances plant nutrition and prevents the ovaries from falling off.
2. A real tomato - only your own. The most popular vegetable in the world is the tomato.​

How to plant tomato seedlings indoors?

The question often arises: how to feed tomato seedlings? During the growth period, plants need complex fertilizers with a predominance of nitrogen and the obligatory content of trace elements. The grown seedlings need more potassium, with a lack of this element, the plant becomes covered with spots, stretches, turns pale and gets sick.

According to the type of growth, all tomatoes are divided into two large groups:

An important condition for obtaining a plentiful and high-quality harvest is the correct planting of tomatoes for seedlings. Only strong and healthy seedlings will quickly and easily take root in the ground or in a greenhouse, will actively bloom and set large and tasty fruits.

If the seedling has a pale green color

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Next to each sprout, you should stick a peg for support;

Do not allow the soil to dry out in containers;

When growing seeds, the main thing is to follow the rules for planting them, the temperature regime and follow the recommendations for watering and providing lighting to the sprouts.

I always tie up tall tomatoes, placing 4 plants per 1 sq.m. Don't forget about mulching. Mulching with young nettles (without seeds) gives a good effect.

Tomato is the most popular vegetable in the world. Delicious and varied in size and color, everyone in our family loves tomatoes. That is why I grow them a lot, and at the same time - without chemical fertilizers.

Before planting the seeds, you must first fill the container with the soil mixture so that it is 3 cm below the edge. Then the soil must be watered, covered with a film and left under the film for a day for uniform moisture penetration. Then the soil is leveled and holes are made in it with a depth of 0.5 cm. Seeds are planted in them. The surface of the soil, after planting the seeds, should be poured with a solution of potassium permanganate, then cover the container with a film or glass lid and put in heat.

Properly grown tomato seedlings quickly take root in the ground, form a strong green plant, begin to bloom and bear fruit at the time set for this variety.

Determinant (weak).

Growing tomato seedlings at home (video)

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How to plant seedlings of tomatoes?

In order for tomato seedlings at home to be healthy and of high quality, you need to follow simple, but very important rules:

If the tomato seedlings are pale green when pulled out, it is necessary to feed (1 tablespoon of urea is taken per 10 liters of water), spending half a glass for each pot, and put the pots for 5-6 days in a place where the air temperature is like during the day , and at night it keeps at a level of 8 - 10 ° C, and do not water for several days. It will be noticeable how the plant stops growing, turns green and even acquires a purple hue. After that, the plants are again transferred to normal conditions.

Seed preparation

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Between rows should be at least 60 cm.

Tomato seeds usually take 1.5–2 months to germinate, and accordingly, the planting time depends on the area in which they are planned to be grown. If you hurry with planting, the sprouts will form before the weather stabilizes and it will simply be impossible to plant them in the ground due to the cold weather. If you plant the seeds late, the sprouts will not have time to get stronger and will not survive after transplanting into the ground. Early spring is the best time for planting tomato seeds for seedlings.

In warm weather in greenhouses, I leave the windows open even at night. So my tomatoes grow up healthy and always delight us with excellent taste and juicy fruits.

I prepare the soil for sowing seeds in a week. I spill it with bio-fertilizer so that living microbes begin to work in the ground in advance. For 1 liter of water I add 20-22 drops of a biological product.

Soil and containers for seedlings

A week later, sprouts appear. After that, the film must be removed, and the seedlings put in a bright place. The ambient temperature must be maintained at about 15 degrees. This continues for a week. Then, after the sprouts get stronger, you need to raise the temperature to 24 degrees during the day and up to 12 degrees at night.

Tomatoes are one of the most common vegetables in the world. In regions with cold winters, tomatoes are usually grown in seedlings. How to plant tomato seedlings and how to grow them? You need to start growing seedlings in January-March. To do this, you need seeds and a container for soil. You can grow seedlings on the windowsill. This is a rather complicated and time-consuming process. If the seedlings are grown correctly, then the tomato crop will be excellent. Indeterminate (strong). The correct timing of sowing tomato seeds for seedlings.

If the seedlings are fattening

Sowing and growing seedlings

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Harvesting is done when the tomatoes turn red. If you pick green tomatoes, then this will affect their taste.

It is better to water with a weak solution with mineral fertilizers instead of water.

The prepared mixture is poured into the container, lightly crushed with palms. After that, water the soil a little with water, cover the container with a plastic bag and leave it overnight so that the moisture is evenly distributed. After the surface of the earth is leveled, I make grooves 0.5–1 cm deep at a distance of 4–5 cm from each other. The seeds are carefully placed in the recesses and covered with earth and watered again.

Seeds are sorted before sowing. Empty, damaged and small copies are removed. Experienced gardeners recommend filling them with salt water (60 grams of salt per liter of liquid) and removing from the total mass those seeds that float to the surface. To make it easier to choose the best variety in the future, it is better to store and plant seeds separately or in groups and marking where which species is.

Most often I buy ready-made soil based on peat, but it dries quickly. I recommend using a hydrogel. The gel sachet swells in water and looks like a thick "kissel". I mix it with the ground, and the soil holds moisture for a long time.​

After the first leaves appear, the sprouts dive into a separate container. Before transplanting, you need to make sure that the sprouts are strong enough. For a good development of the root system during transplantation, it is necessary to pinch the main root. Before planting sprouts in open ground, it is necessary to harden the seedlings. To do this, reduce the temperature to 17 degrees.

Features of growing tomatoes

For growing in greenhouses, tall and vigorous tomato varieties are usually selected, as they are most productive in greenhouse conditions and give a large yield. If you plan to grow tomatoes in open ground, you can grow good tomato seedlings from low-growing varieties, they are less threatened by the danger of stretching and overgrowing. Such plants form squat, durable bushes that often do not need further tying to a trellis or stakes.

• Maintaining the temperature regime.
• If the seedlings are developing rapidly, getting fat, they do root dressing: 3 tablespoons of superphosphate are taken for 10 liters of water, spending a glass of this solution for each pot. A day after feeding, the seedlings should be placed in a warm place where the air temperature is kept at 26 ° C during the day and 20 - 22 ° C at night, and do not water for several days, slightly drying the soil. Under such conditions, the seedlings are normalized, and after a week they are transferred to normal conditions. In sunny weather during the day, the temperature is kept at 22 - 23 ° C, at night 16 - 17 ° C, and in cloudy weather it is reduced to 17 - 18 ° C during the day, and at night to 15 - 16 ° C.
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• The main mistakes of a poor tomato crop:

With an excess of moisture, the leaves turn yellow, and the roots gradually die off. In addition, with frequent watering, the sprouts can stretch out, which will adversely affect the quality of future tomatoes.

Then the container is covered with glass or a bag and sent to a warm place where the temperature is not lower than 22 degrees - to the battery or to the windowsill (in the sun). After 5-7 days, when the first shoots hatch, the glass (film) can be removed, and the seedlings can be sent to a cooler place (up to 16 degrees), for about the same time. And when the sprouts get stronger, it is necessary to observe the temperature regime - during the day up to 24 degrees, at night not lower than 12.

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Seedling of tomatoes. When is the right time to plant and how to grow. General Tips for Growing Tomatoes

To prevent infection of seeds, it is necessary to carry out a disinfection procedure. To do this, the seeds are placed for a day in a container with a solution of acetic acid (0.8%), after 20 minutes they are dipped in a cup with a solution of potassium permanganate (2 grams per glass of water). After the seed protection manipulations are completed, they must be thoroughly rinsed with running water.

Read about soil preparation here http://umsad.ru/ovoshhevodstvo/tomaty/rassada-i-posadka-v-grunt/598-growing-seedlings-tomatoes-one-of-the-way-preparation-tomato-seeds-to- landing

Before planting the seeds in the soil, they must be carefully prepared.

To get good seedlings, you need to choose healthy planting material, choose the right soil and containers for planting, observe the correct temperature and watering.

Proper seedlings of tomatoes

Stable water balance.

If the seedling grows slowly

​In one of the previous articles, we considered solar collectors (or solar systems, as they are also called), so we will not elaborate on the principle of their operation. We only note that such systems do not “rest” either in winter or even on cloudy days ...​

picking

poor quality seeds

Do not forget to water seedlings of tomatoes on time

"It's time to be free" - planted in open ground

We cover the seeds with polyethylene Warming up

I sow the seeds in rows, with an interval of 3-5 cm. The sowing depth is no more than 0.5 cm. I water from the sprayer so as not to move the seed and let it take root well. I cover the container with glass or film and put it in a warm place with a temperature in the range of 20-25 degrees.

• Seedlings planted in the ground must be fed. The first top dressing should be done 10 days after transplantation. You need to take 30 g of superphosphate, 10 g of potassium sulfate, 4 g of urea and dissolve them in 10 liters of water. This mixture can also be bought at the store. After 2 weeks, a second top dressing is performed. After each feeding, water the seedlings and loosen the soil. Excessive watering of seedlings should be avoided, as this can lead to disease. It is necessary that the lighting is sufficient.​
• If the seed treatment is done correctly, then the seedlings will be of high quality and you are guaranteed a good harvest.
• Healthy calibrated seeds are chosen for planting, frail and damaged ones are thrown away. There are two ways to sow seeds - in a common container with subsequent picking and immediately in individual cups.
• Competent selection of soil.
• Many gardeners complain about the slow growth of seedlings, in this case they are fed with a growth stimulator - sodium humate. The watering solution should be the color of beer or tea. Pour 1 cup per plant.​

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How to grow tomatoes - step by step instructions

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Planting seeds for seedlings too early or vice versa very late;

Video - correctly plant tomato seeds for seedlings

Ways to improve seed germination

• Before moving the sprouts to the ground, it is necessary to harden them. To do this, the seedlings are gradually accustomed to cold air: they increase ventilation, leave the windows open at night.

It is also worth remembering that humid air is harmful to tomatoes. The room in which the containers with seedlings will be placed should be regularly ventilated. To prevent plants from dying, drafts and sudden changes in temperature should be avoided.

• A bag of seeds is lowered into a thermos with hot water for several hours, or the seeds are washed under hot water.

In poor light and high temperatures, seedlings can stretch out a lot. The lower the night temperature and the better the lighting during the day, the stockier and more hardened the seedlings will be. In an effort to get early ripening tomatoes, some gardeners sow and dive seedlings too early. It grows fast and stretches out. The thickening of the crops, and hence the lack of lighting, also lead to the stretching of the seedlings.

Tomato seedlings can be planted in protected soil in May. You can plant in open ground in June. For planting seedlings, the best place would be a sunny plot of land with sandy or loamy soil type. 10 days before planting, it is necessary to spray the ground with a solution of copper sulfate in order to protect the seedlings from fungal diseases. Then each sprout is planted in its own hole and sprinkled with earth. After that, each sprout is watered and a peg is stuck next to it into the ground so that the future plant can rely on it.

First you need to sort the seeds, checking them for weight. To do this, the seeds are immersed in a 6% salt solution. To prepare such a solution, you need to stir 2 tablespoons of table salt in a liter of water. Having immersed the seeds in the solution, they are mixed and after 7-8 minutes they are removed to the surface, and the rest are washed and continue their preparation for seedlings. Then the seeds are disinfected in a solution of potassium permanganate and washed again with water. You need to prepare a 1% solution of potassium permanganate by stirring 2 grams of potassium permanganate in 200 milligrams of water.

Since tomatoes tolerate picking and transplanting well, in order to save money and area, you can sow tomatoes in boxes or other suitable containers. Subsequently, the seedlings dive for the first time, seated at a greater distance, and then transplanted into separate containers, where the seedlings remain until planting in the ground. In the second variant, the seeds are sown 2-3 in pots or cups, weaker plants are subsequently simply pulled out. This method is more expensive, planting will take up a significant area, a large number of seedlings cannot be grown in an apartment.

Video - the process of sowing and soaking tomato seeds for seedlings

Preparing the soil mixture for seedlings

​Choice of varieties for open ground and greenhouses.​

Tomatoes Super rio grande F1 sustainable! and no problem!​

Unfortunately, in our country, almost no one knows about the rocket stove. Meanwhile, such a design is extremely useful in a number of cases due to the almost complete absence of soot during operation and the high combustion temperature.​

non-compliance with the temperature regime;

How to grow seedlings

It is recommended to plant seedlings in late spring - early summer, when the frosts have passed and the temperature does not drop below 15 degrees. How to determine that the sprouts are ready to "move"? If the sprout has 5-6 leaves and its stem is thick and strong, then it's time to transplant it.

The best time to plant seeds

The formation of the first leaves is a sign that it is time to remove weak and unviable sprouts from the container. The root is pinched during this procedure to accelerate the growth of the root system.

The process of planting seeds

Enrichment with mineral fertilizers

Temperature regime

For other methods of planting seedlings, be sure to read the article "-effective ways to grow tomato seedlings"

​http://youtu.be/nG1uWqek-18​

Picking tomato sprouts

As a container for planting seedlings, you can use almost any non-soaking container. Amateur gardeners successfully use wooden and even cardboard boxes lined with plastic wrap, disposable plastic or paper cups, sour cream and yogurt containers, juice boxes or milk bags for these purposes. For used containers, thorough cleaning of the remnants of the contents is important, otherwise it can rot, infect the ground and destroy seedlings.

Proper planting of a tomato in the ground.

1) the soil should be lean (low nitrogen content, then we fix everything by adding biohumus and fertilizing with humisol.

Today we will talk about how ...

Improper watering (abundant or insufficient);

Lighting

The process of planting tomato seedlings in open ground

But there is no need to rush into picking. Before starting the process of sorting the sprouts, you should make sure that they are strong enough, the bases should be thick. Otherwise, the pick should be postponed.

Seeds are soaked for 24 hours in a special solution, which can be found in a specialized store or prepared independently. In one liter of pure water, you need to stir a mixture of copper sulfate, ammonium sulfate. Boric acid, potassium salt and superphosphate should also be added there.

Watering seedlings

After the formation of 1-2 true leaves, the seedlings dive into pots. Unlike peppers, I deepen tomatoes to the cotyledon leaves. After picking for 2-3 days, I shade the seedlings so that they take root well. I create the optimal temperature: on sunny days - + 20-24, on cloudy days - + 16-18, at night - + 10-12 degrees.​

• How to grow tomatoes? To grow tomatoes, you must follow the following rules:
• Then the seeds are washed again. Then they are enriched with mineral fertilizers. To do this, use the finished mixture purchased at the store, or make the solution yourself. 0.02 g of boric acid, 0.5 g of superphosphate, 0.3 g of potassium salt, 0.08 g of copper sulfate, 0.1 g of ammonium sulphate, 0.05 g of ammonium molybdate are immersed in 1 liter of water. In this solution, the seeds are soaked for a day. Then the seeds are germinated in warmth in a damp cloth.
• When deciding how to properly grow tomato seedlings, you need to remember that this plant is very demanding on room temperature, lighting and watering. Humid air is harmful to tomatoes, so when we plant tomato seedlings, it is important to regularly ventilate the room where they grow, avoiding strong temperature changes and drafts that are detrimental to this plant. It is not necessary to spray crops with water, they can easily get sick and die.

Tomatoes are early, medium ripening and late. Between these three varieties there are intermediate ones with a difference in ripening of 5-15 days, but basically this division is competent and correct.

2) backlight is needed.

Planting tomato seedlings

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Poor lighting quality

Features of growing large tomatoes:

Choosing strong tomato sprouts for seedlings

• After the seeds are processed and disinfected, they are placed in a damp cloth and germinated, constantly making sure that it does not dry out.
• Seedlings are very demanding on top dressing. One week I spray it with an infusion of onion peel (I pour 3 liters of water on the peel from 3-4 medium onions, I insist for two days). The next week I treat with infusion of ash (1 tbsp per 1 liter of water). I recommend alternating top dressing as needed.
• The plot with tomatoes should be located in a sunny place;
• Many gardeners water seedlings with melt water. But water from urban snow cannot be used, as it contains many harmful impurities and can harm the seeds. Water for irrigation can be prepared by yourself. Take a plastic bottle, pour settled tap water into it and put it open in the cold. When almost all the water is frozen, you need to pierce the bottle with a knife and drain the water that has not frozen. It is in this water that impurities are harmful to seedlings. Then, after 10 minutes, drain the water that has thawed around the edges. It also contains chemical impurities. The ice remaining in the bottle is the best water for irrigation. If it is not possible to prepare such water, then the seedlings can be watered with ordinary warm water, which has settled for at least 10 hours.
• Tomatoes are sown in trays or boxes, lightly sprinkled with a sifted nutrient mixture and sprayed abundantly, covering with a film. Air humidity is needed only until the seeds germinate, and then the film is removed.
• ​Early tomato varieties have the shortest growing season from sowing to flowering, therefore, they bring the earliest and most valuable harvest. Early tomato seedlings produce delicious fresh vegetables, but require more attention and effort to grow.​
• 3) As soon as the loop appears, T mode: 16 at night, how much will it be during the day.
• The construction of stairs in the house is not an easy process, but doable. The main difficulty lies in calculating the angle of inclination and span parameters, because not only ease of use, but also the durability of the structure depends on this. Strong and beautiful ladder…​

Refusal of hardening procedures.

Video - how to plant tomato seedlings in a greenhouse

Mistakes when growing tomato seedlings

You need to plant seedlings in a well-lit place, protected from the wind;

• The pick is made in seedling cups, the sprouts go deep into the soil along the cotyledon leaves. With this procedure, you can reduce the stretching of the sprouts. To do this, add more light to the dived sprouts.
• We place tomato seeds on a damp cloth or gauze
• I plant tomatoes in the ground when spring frosts pass
• Tomatoes need to be watered 2 times a week;
• Land for tomato seedlings should not be too acidic, that is, pure peat is absolutely not suitable for this plant. At home, it is easiest to clean the soil for seedlings from diseases and pests by freezing. To do this, a bag or box of earth is left in the open air, where frost will quickly kill everything harmful to seedlings. The container with the ground must be covered from precipitation, which can wash away nutrients from the soil.

Varieties of medium fruiting periods produce fruits at the height of the season, they are the most delicious and healthy. The growing season is longer than that of early tomatoes.

If all this is observed, then only high grades are drawn, low ones are not drawn!

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A good harvest of tomatoes depends on the quality of the work done to grow them.

The most suitable watering regime is 2 times a week;

Picking tomatoes in seedlings

For better adaptation of sprouts to the climate, it is recommended to harden the seeds. Swollen seeds are sent to the refrigerator for 1-2 days, so resistance to low temperatures is developed.

. I plant the elongated overgrown seedlings obliquely, “lying”, in the prepared grooves, falling asleep the stem with 2-3 leaves. I start feeding 10 days after planting. The first is an infusion of mullein or an enzymatic infusion of herbs. In the future, every week I spray the tomatoes with an infusion of herbs, adding 2-3 caps of the drug with live microorganisms.

It is necessary to prepare the soil and apply fertilizers;

How to plant tomato seedlings?

Healthy seeds peck and germinate very quickly and within 2-5 days first “loops” appear from the soil, and then full-fledged cotyledon leaves. At this time, the temperature in the room should not fall below 25 degrees, and then it is slightly gradually lowered. Low temperatures are dangerous for this plant, already at 10 degrees serious damage begins - it turns yellow, buds and ovaries fall off, growth stops.

Late tomatoes bear fruit from the second half of summer until late autumn; in warm weather, tomatoes remain fresh on the bushes until frost. These tomatoes have the longest growing season.​

I plant tomatoes around March 8th. I take the land half of the garden, half of the humus, when diving, I add more purchased peat. I germinate in a warm place without soaking the seeds. Cake boxes with a lid are very convenient. As soon as shoots appear, I transfer them to the windowsill, when 2-3 true leaves appear, I dive into cups. I grow seedlings on the windowsill, so temperature control is out of the question, I just put polystyrene under the pallets on the windowsill. As soon as the weather allows, I put everything on the loggia. , I shade from the sun, I cover from the frost. I pour earth into the cups, water it with humate a week after picking, I don’t feed it especially so that they don’t start to bloom before planting under the arc. Seedlings are drawn out from lack of light and excess feeding.

There are some tricks for "strengthening" seedlings, but they are only suitable for the most patient gardeners. First, each tomato has a separate container. We plant the first ones in 0.2 l plastic glasses in ordinary garden soil from the store. As we grow on the windowsill, subject to the water regime, we do not feed anything. When the seedlings reach 10-15cm, we transplant them into 0.5l sour cream glasses, deepening the seedlings to the very leaves or even removing the first 2. Then you can already lightly feed. We do not particularly suffer on this score, we feed with a weak solution of the usual room "Ideal". Getting into a new container during transplantation, the seedlings begin to build up the root system, which allows you to better feed the tomatoes. After each transplant, they become thicker in the stem and thicker in the crown. In this case, the host receives a "run" in the vertical growth of seedlings. We carry out the third transshipment already in 2-liter juice bags, with almost already formed seedlings. Once again we build up the root system, thicken the stem itself. We bring a ready-made seedling to the dacha for planting in the greenhouse, sometimes already with the first tassels of flowers, with a powerful root system. When planting, we place the whole clod of earth in fertilized spilled water

A good harvest directly depends on the quality of the seedlings. Therefore, you need to responsibly approach the choice of seeds, it is better to take several varieties and subsequently choose the best one, the most adapted to your area and weather conditions. Before planting, sort out low-quality seeds and process good ones. Prepare the soil mixture, plant the seeds and provide them with proper care. Only if the above recommendations are followed, one can hope for a large and tasty harvest.

It is better to use light, sandy and loamy soils;

In order for the seedlings to be strong and green, it needs good and long-term lighting, and in the early days even around the clock. If the windows are on the sunny side, then the seedlings placed on the windowsill will have enough light. If the sun is not enough, you need to install several special lamps. Tomatoes are very demanding on light, so additional lighting is required.

svoimi-rykami.ru

How to grow healthy tomato seedlings. What kind of top dressing should I use? I buy strong seedlings in greenhouses.

Nikolai Sorokin

In order for the tomatoes to be large and healthy, they need to be planted in soddy soil mixed with humus and sand. To maintain normal acidity, resin and chalk should be added to the soil (for every ten kilograms of earth: resin - 0.5 l, chalk - 100 g). But you can buy ready-made soil mixture or peat tablets in the store (about two seeds per piece), the main thing is to choose a trusted manufacturer.
Read more about planting seedlings in open ground in our article "Planting tomato seedlings in the ground. Planting time in the ground. Feeding tomato seedlings"​

RumpeL

You need to harvest when the tomatoes are already red. If the tomatoes ripen after harvesting, they will lose their taste.

It is planted in loose soil that contains nutrients and retains water well.

In order for tomato seedlings on the windowsill to be strong and green, it needs a lot of light. With a lack of natural light, landings will have to be illuminated, sometimes this needs to be done around the clock. Tomatoes need to be provided with stable and uniform watering without waterlogging and drying, which are equally detrimental to the plant.

Usually, early tomatoes are a pleasant delicacy to the table after a long winter, mid-ripening ones accompany food throughout the season, and later ones go for conservation and processing.

I have a lot of indoor flowers and I can’t give enough space for seedlings, so I refused to grow tomato seedlings in separate pots. I live in Novosibirsk, in the first days of April I soak the seeds in a damp cloth and when the seeds peck sow in jars from under the curd, thickly, with a distance between seeds of 1 cm, I use the earth "living earth", when 3 true leaves appear at the seedlings, I shake the plants out of the jar, if the earth is not very wet, then the plants are easily separated, and transplanted into boxes with the same soil the ground level is about 8 cm, the distance between plants is 10 cm in one row, I spill it with a solution of heteroauxin and put it in the shade for a couple of days. Then I take it out to the glazed loggia, I bring it into the apartment only if the temperature drops below 5 degrees. The first buds appear in early June, I usually remove them. I feed with KemiraLux fertilizer once a week. By the time the seedlings are planted in the ground, the roots are strongly intertwined with each other, but thanks to the use of "living earth" soil, I easily separate the plants and they quickly take root. Favorite varieties ox heart, astronaut wolves I grow in the open field.

hole. To many, this method will seem very laborious, but in our opinion it is very effective. I advise.​

sprouts are planted in pre-prepared and spilled holes at a right angle;

Rukhshod Dadomatov

Carefully approach the choice of soil for tomato seedlings

Lina Sakharnova

Easy care - watering, loosening the soil, fertilizing, tying and shaping plants.
​http://youtu.be/rQAXV8NDc4k​
To get the best harvest, seedlings should be planted in soddy land. To it you need to add sand and humus. To achieve normal soil acidity, add 0.5 liters of resin and 100 grams of chalk for every 10 liters of soil mixture. This mixture can be bought at the store. Now on sale there are high-quality mixtures containing the nutrients necessary for seedlings.
The grown seedlings of the tomato dive for the first time, and after the appearance of a pair of true leaves, the second pick is carried out in seedling cups. When performing this operation, young plants are carefully buried along the cotyledon leaves. It is not worth damaging or even cutting off the cotyledons - they are a source of nutrients for a plant that has begun to develop. Subsequently, they will fall off themselves when they are no longer needed.

Tatiana Pavlova

It is the early varieties that are most suitable for growing tomato seedlings on the windowsill, since they need to be sown on seedlings in early spring in order to be planted in the ground after the end of the return frosts.

Lena I

I live in Saratov - the Middle Volga region. I grow mostly hybrids. I sow somewhere in the last decade of March (without fanaticism, when impatient summer residents start sowing already in February - then additional illumination is needed so that it does not drag on, other wisdom and top dressing). The seedlings themselves are not fed (only when planting in the ground in holes and further in the season). Try "Jiffy" peat tablets (only really imported ones, not Russian ones) - they already have all the microelements - very convenient, clean.​

Eve

Temperature regime: after germination for 7 days, the temperature is maintained at 16 - 18 ° C during the day, and at 13 - 15 ° C at night. Then it can be increased to 18 - 20°C during the day and 15 - 16°C at night. This regime is observed until the seedlings grow in the box (up to the second or third true leaf), which is approximately 30-35 days after germination. During this period, seedlings are watered 2-3 times. This mode of watering during the period of low light (March) does not allow seedlings to stretch. The first time they water a little, when all the seedlings appear, and then after 1 - 2 weeks. The last time they are watered on the day of picking seedlings, 3 hours before picking. The water should have a temperature of 20°C. The main thing - do not get carried away with frequent watering, when watering, try not to get water on top of the leaves, it is better to water under the roots. Water must be settled. Don't forget to spray the plants with skim milk.​

How to sow cucumbers for seedlings

Tomatoes come from South America, so when growing tomato seedlings at home, you need relatively dry air, a lot of light and heat. In this article, we will take a closer look at how to properly plant and care for young seedlings.

Tomatoes are readily grown by most gardeners. To maximize the yield, it is important to properly grow seedlings. It is its quality that further ensures the abundant fruiting of the bushes. Tomato seedlings can be bought, but this is undesirable, since there are no guarantees that the plants are grown according to all the rules, and not just pumped up with stimulants to temporarily give a presentation. Learn how to properly grow tomato seedlings at home.

Planting tomatoes for seedlings on the new moon and full moon is not recommended. It is generally accepted that during this period the plants will not develop correctly and will be stunted.

Varieties that will continue to grow in greenhouses, depending on the region, are sown from February 15 to March 15. Tomato seedlings are planted in the soil after 2 months.

Tomatoes for outdoor cultivation are sown later - from March 15 to March 31, depending on the region. Landing in the ground is carried out after 2.5 months. For the first 2-3 weeks, a light greenhouse on arcs should be made above the garden bed. It is required for plants to more easily acclimatize to new temperature conditions.

If late return frosts are noted in the region, then the landing is postponed until the moment of stable onset of heat. Seedlings for hardening are simply regularly taken out into the street, taking them into the heat at the time of a cold snap. Seedling containers are required larger for normal long-term root development.

It is necessary to plant tomatoes for seedlings strictly taking into account the weather conditions in a particular region. Correctly observed terms and rules for planting seeds are important for obtaining a high-quality tomato crop.

Sowing tomato seedlings at home

Planting seedlings consists of several stages. It is important to avoid mistakes in each of them: properly prepare the soil and seeds, choose the containers in which the planting will be carried out, etc. Let's consider each stage in more detail.

Soil and tank preparation

High-quality soil for tomato seedlings is the key to its proper development. You also need to pre-select high-quality containers for planting.

The simplest, but not always the best option is to buy ready-made land for tomato seedlings. The advantage of such a soil is its optimal balance of nutrients and mineral components. The disadvantage of the finished soil is the high risk of its infection with pest larvae and pathogenic bacteria, which will be detrimental to seedlings. Because of this, if purchased soil is selected, it should be completely disinfected.

Most gardeners recommend sowing tomatoes for seedlings in soil prepared on their own. The soil should be harvested in the fall. It should be light and fluffy. The acid-base balance of the soil should be in the range of 5.6-6 units. There are 2 optimal recipes for planting tomato seeds. The first one:

• sod land - 1 part;
• peat - 2 parts;
• humus - 1 part;
• wood ash - 2 cups per 10-liter bucket of soil;
• superphosphate - 2 matchboxes per bucket of 10 liters.

You can prepare the land for seedlings of tomatoes and according to the second recipe:

• sod land - 1 part;
• compost (or black peat) - 1 part;
• coarse sand - 1 part;
• urea solution - 10 g per 10 liters of soil;
• potassium sulfate solution - 20 g per 10 liters of soil;
• superphosphate - 30 g per 10 liters of soil.

When using peat to reduce the acidity of the soil, crushed chalk is used, in the amount of 3 tablespoons per 10 liter bucket. Without this, the composition of the land for seedlings of tomatoes can hardly be called high-quality.

The prepared soil must be left in the cold to freeze so that pathogenic bacteria, fungi and pest larvae that may be in it die. Further, 2-3 weeks before planting seedlings, the soil is brought into the room and its heat treatment is carried out.

You can bake the soil in the oven. The soil in a metal trough is slightly moistened with boiling water and, after mixing well, spread on a baking sheet, which is placed in the oven. There, the soil is left for 10-15 minutes at a temperature of 180-200 ° C.

In addition to calcining, you can spill the soil with boiling water.

The final stage of soil preparation is its disinfection. The soil is shed with a solution of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate), for which 3 g of the substance is taken per 10-liter bucket of water.

All disinfecting procedures lead to the complete destruction of microflora in the soil. Such sterility is not useful for seedlings, and before planting, the land must be reanimated by populating it with beneficial bacteria.

In order to restore the useful microflora of the soil, biohumus is added to it - 1/20 of the total volume of soil. In its absence, you can use the super-compost "Pixa". You can also make humus based on manure. You can populate the soil with beneficial bacteria by watering the soil with a solution of biological products, the most common of which are Baikal and Radiance. Such resuscitation is carried out no later than 2 weeks before planting the seeds. It is necessary to use a 1% solution for irrigation. After that, the container with soil is covered with a black film, since anaerobic conditions are optimal for the development of bacteria.

Disinfection of purchased soil is carried out in a similar way. Even if it is noted on the package that the soil has passed all the necessary processing, it is better to play it safe.

Boxes for seedlings can be anything, but it is especially convenient to plant immediately in plastic pots with a removable bottom. Of these, it is very easy to plant a large bush in the ground. A tomato immediately planted in an individual container will not experience stress due to a dive. Containers must be disinfected, even if they are new. To do this, they are washed and rinsed with a solution of manganese.

Seed selection and preparation

When choosing seeds, you need to decide in advance for what purposes tomatoes are required. It is important to take into account such indicators of a variety or hybrid as:

• ripening period;
• the volume of the crop from the bush;
• intended for open or closed ground;
• keeping quality.

Seed packaging must not have any defects or signs of water intrusion. You should not buy seeds, the expiration date of which is running out. You can't get good germination from them. It is optimal if the variety is zoned for a particular growing region.

Properly preparing tomato seeds for planting seedlings is very important. First of all, they are checked for germination. To do this, planting material is poured into salted water (10 g of table salt per 1 glass of water) and left for 10 minutes. Empty seeds will float on the surface, while high-quality and suitable for planting will settle to the bottom.

• in a solution of hydrogen peroxide, which is prepared at the rate of 100 ml of water and 3 ml of an antiseptic. After that, they are poured with tomato seeds for seedlings for 10 minutes.
• in a one percent solution of potassium permanganate, in which the seed is placed for 15-20 minutes.

For germination, the seed material is laid out on a soft cotton cloth (preferably white), which is moistened with settled water. From above, the seeds are also covered with a damp cloth. Then it is transferred to a plastic container, leaving only a small gap for air to enter, and closed with a plastic bag, which is completely removed for ventilation 4 times a day for 10 minutes. Seeds hatch in 4-5 days, and they are immediately planted in the ground.

Sowing in ordinary containers or cups

Sprouted seeds can be planted by the classical method in a common box or more conveniently - in individual cups to eliminate the dive stage. When planting in cups, seedlings will take up more space. Growing tomato seedlings by one method or another depends only on personal preferences.

When planting in a common container, it is filled with soil by 2/3. After that, parallel grooves are made at a distance of 4-5 cm and watered with settled water. Next, the seeds are placed in the grooves at a distance of 2.5-3 cm from each other. With a closer landing, difficulties will arise at the time of the dive.

When planting in cups, they are also filled to 2/3. A recess is made in the center, in which 1 seed is planted. In the future, pots with weak sprouts are removed, leaving only strong plants. According to gardeners, this method for home cultivation is the most convenient and effective. If early varieties are planted, then the container must be taken with a volume of at least 500 ml, since even before planting in the ground, the seedlings form a powerful root. Planting tomato seeds for seedlings in this way is less troublesome.

In peat tablets

Peat tablets are a replacement for individual pots. When using them, diving is also not required. For tomatoes, tablets with a diameter of 4 cm are taken. At the beginning, they are poured with settled water at room temperature to swell. Then, allowing excess water to drain from the tablets, they are placed in a tray with cells slightly larger than the tablet. The pallet is placed in a transparent container 10 cm high. 2-4 seeds are planted in a tablet if the quality of the planting material is doubtful, or 1 each if the seeds are of high quality. A seed well is made 1 cm deep in the center of the tablet. Cover the seeds with soil. The top of the box with pills is covered with a transparent lid. After the appearance of sprouts, the lid is removed.

In special cassettes with a pallet

It is convenient to grow tomato seedlings in cassettes with pallets. With this method, watering is simplified, since it is carried out through the pan. Also, the cassettes are beneficial in terms of saving space on the windowsills and reusable use. Picking with this cultivation of seedlings is not required.

Due to the small volume of cells for growing seedlings, agroperlite with a top layer of peat is used. The soil is disinfected and enriched with nutrients, and peat is mixed with chalk before use.

Make holes 1-1.5 cm deep in the soil laid out in the cassette, put the seeds that have been pre-treated before planting in them, and close the holes.

Seedling care at home

Competent care for seedlings of tomatoes, the key to obtaining strong bushes for planting in a greenhouse or open ground. Often it is the mistakes in its cultivation that reduce all efforts to zero, preventing a high-quality crop from being obtained. To grow tomato seedlings at home, it is important to follow a number of rules.

Temperature regime

The temperature regime for tomato seedlings at home is very important. In order for the planting material to germinate together, it is necessary to maintain the temperature at a level of +23 to +28 o C. When the seedlings are a week old, the air temperature is reduced to +20 o C. After another 14 days, the temperature can be lowered by another 2-3 o WITH.

In the presence of a capital greenhouse, seedlings from mid-April are taken out into it for hardening for several hours a day. It is important that the tomatoes do not freeze or overcool, therefore, when taking them out for hardening, one should not be distracted.

Drafts should not be allowed to affect the seedlings. For young plants, they are detrimental and lead to damage in a short time.

Backlight

Tomato seedlings require the maximum amount of light. Proper care of tomato seedlings without lighting is impossible. With a lack of light, it stretches and withers. In addition to natural daylight, tomatoes also need additional lighting with special lamps. In the first 3 days after germination, seedlings require round-the-clock lighting. Further daylight hours should last 16 hours. It is useful to use phytolamps. They provide plants with the most useful light spectrum.

Watering

Before germination, soil moisture should be checked daily. In case of its insufficiency, spraying with settled water is carried out using a spray gun.

After germination, the tomato seedlings are watered with warm water and with extreme caution. It is necessary to ensure that the soil is sufficiently moist, otherwise the sprouts will dry out in a short time. The next watering is usually required in 5-7 days. Water is poured under the sprouts and only under the stem, getting it on the leaves is unacceptable. When growing in cassettes with a pallet, watering is greatly simplified. Water is simply poured into the pan and left for 2 hours. After that, the excess is poured out.

The grown seedlings are moistened as needed, using a watering can for indoor plants. Starting from the moment 5 true leaves appear, the plants should be watered once every 3-4 days.

top dressing

Top dressing of tomato seedlings is mandatory, as it does not have enough nutrients in a limited portion of soil in a pot. The first time fertilizers are applied 2 weeks after germination in phase 1 of this leaflet. Further top dressing is carried out every week. Good results are obtained by using the drug "Effect" with strict observance of the instructions.

When using any fertilizer, care must be taken to prevent it from getting on the leaves and stems. If this happens, gently dry the leaves with a piece of toilet paper. Caring for tomato seedlings must be done with special care.

picking

Seedling diving is required if it is grown in a common box. Seating of tomatoes is carried out in phase 3 of these leaves. The volume of cups for diving should be from 500 ml so that the plant can fully develop. If the cups are smaller, then a second transplant will be required in the future, which is harmful.

Seedlings are carefully removed from the box using a wooden stick. After that, the main root is pinched 1/3 of its length. However, such injury to the root of tomato seedlings is a rather controversial method, and not all gardeners adhere to it. Often picking is carried out without pinching. The roots of the plant should be loose and vertical in the pot. After filling the soil and pressing it around the stem, water it with warm water. After transplanting for 4-5 days, the seedlings are left at an elevated temperature.

It is possible to carry out picks in polyethylene. In this case, the plant is in a state of stress, which further activates its fruiting and increases productivity. Pieces of film 20 by 30 cm are taken. Soil is poured into the upper left corner in the amount of 1 tbsp. l., after which the seedling is placed on the soil, without pinching the root, and covered with the same volume of soil. Next, the film is wrapped to make a pot. All bags with seedlings are drawn up close to the pallet. In the phase of 5 real leaves, the bags are unfolded and 1 more spoonful of soil is added to them. Water the plants from a teapot, combining watering with top dressing. Before transportation, the plants are not watered for 2-3 days. Such tomato seedlings grown at home are particularly productive.

Maria Vlasova

gardener

Proper cultivation of tomato seedlings ensures a high yield. Observing the rules of the process, even a novice gardener can get his own seedlings.