Quicklime, its main characteristics, varieties and applications. Slaked lime - why is it needed and how to use it

Lime building quicklime- This is a fairly common chemical compound, which, according to the chemical formula, is calcium oxide CaO. Quicklime is a crystalline substance that has a white color.

Obtaining quicklime

Despite the fact that building quicklime has become quite widespread in many areas of human activity, it is quite rare in nature. Therefore, several methods for obtaining quicklime are actively used in industry.

Most often, quicklime is obtained by thermal decomposition of limestone. However, in modern industry, this method has been increasingly abandoned, since the inevitable product of such a reaction is carbon dioxide, which negatively affects nature and the human environment.

An important discovery was the possibility of obtaining quicklime by thermal decomposition of calcium oxygen-containing salts.

The use of quicklime

Since time immemorial, quicklime has been actively used in many areas of human activity. Known for its use in construction Food Industry and many other areas.

Quicklime in construction

Quicklime building lime has become widespread in construction. From this substance long time lime cement was produced, which, when absorbed carbon dioxide under normal conditions in the open air hardened fairly quickly. IN modern building quicklime is used less and less due to the high degree of absorption of moisture by lime cement. The accumulation of moisture inside the walls often led to the development of microorganisms and fungi on the walls of buildings.

It is strictly forbidden to use quicklime for the manufacture of cement for stoves and fireplaces. When exposed to fire and high temperatures carbon dioxide is released from this substance, which has a toxic effect on humans.

In some cases, it is advisable to make putties from quicklime for wall covering.

Quicklime as a refractory material

Among insignificant and cheap objects, refractory material based on quicklime is widely used. Compared to other refractory quicklime has a significantly lower. cost, which allows it to be used in this capacity where the use of more expensive refractory materials is impossible or impractical.

Quicklime in the food industry

Sufficiently widespread quicklime received in the food industry. In products, it is found as a food additive E-529. In this capacity, quicklime acts as an emulsifier, that is, it allows mixing substances that are immiscible in nature, such as oil and water, into a homogeneous mass.

Quicklime in laboratories

In laboratory conditions, quicklime has also found its use. In small quantities, the addition of quicklime can significantly dry out substances that do not react with it.

Quicklime in ecology

In significant volumes, quicklime is also used for the benefit environment. Thanks to high level absorbency quicklime is used to neutralize Wastewater And flue gases.

Quicklime for coloring

Coloring quicklime has its own nuances. A dense film after painting with quicklime appears only with a sufficient amount of moisture. That is why painting with this substance is carried out only in rainy and humid weather and on the surface of a wall, floor or ceiling that is not completely dry.

Types of quicklime

The construction industry, which uses quicklime quite densely, dictates its own rules. Thanks to strong development construction, quicklime received several varieties.

• 1. Aerial lime used to produce lime cement for ground work;
• 2. Hydraulic lime is different in that the cement from it hardens into aquatic environment; widely used in the construction of bridge piers.

The negative impact of lime on the human body

Despite the fairly widespread use, quicklime still has negative characteristics. Thus, fine dust-like particles of quicklime, rising into the air, adversely affect the mucous membranes of the mouth and nose, causing coughing, sneezing and irritation of the mucous membranes.

When lime is slaked, droplets of the solution that fall on human skin can cause severe burns.

For these reasons, when working with quicklime, safety precautions must be observed.

Safety precautions when working with quicklime

When working with ground lime, it is necessary to protect the respiratory organs from getting dust lime on the mucous membranes. To do this, first of all, you should take care of a well-ventilated room. the best way protecting mucous membranes will work outdoors. If such conditions are not possible, it is imperative to use a dust-tight bandage or respirator.

When slaking lime, it is necessary to protect the skin, eyes and respiratory tract from possible droplets of slaked lime. To do this, you must use high rubber gloves, respirators and special goggles.

Quicklime has a wide range of applications in various fields.. The substance is used in the construction industry. Whitewashing trees is a mandatory procedure, since this measure is inexpensive in cost.

Calcium oxide in nature exists as ordinary limestone, which is modified to oxide by heat treatment. This element has a white color, a crystalline structure. Its production occurs during the firing of chalk, dolomite, limestone.

In the production of lime, part of the inclusions does not exceed 8%. The combination formula is presented as CaO, despite the fact that there are other components of mineral origin in the composition.

Scope of use

The main hydraulic qualities are determined by the number of silicates and crystals of calcium aluminoferite, which are characterized by a rounded shape of a yellowish, brown to black hue. Based on these characteristics, there are varieties of lime:

• garden used to enrich the soil with the acidity coefficient;

• as whitewash;

• construction for concrete mixtures, bricks;

• chlorine disinfectant. instructions for the use of bleach.

In the process of change chemical composition, structure and properties of metal alloys is used as a cleaning component.

Most people have given up on using chemical, including the construction of houses, because quicklime accumulates moisture.

In the chemical industry, lime is used in the synthesis of organic compounds. It is possible to work with lime in the cold season, because when quenching, enough heat is generated, and the temperature is maintained. Do not use with any building heating device as liquefied CO2 is produced.

In the garden

Huge use of quicklime received in the garden. her formula. For example, this substance is vegetation processing from insects and as top dressing for the soil. In crushed form, it is considered a raw material in the manufacture of animal feed.

The prepared solution is used to paint a variety of surfaces. The substance is also included in many products, which are referred to as the E-529 emulsifier.

In horticulture

Lime fertilizers have long been used in agriculture to increase soil fertility and for the purpose of liming, including reducing the percentage of acidity.

Hard lime fertilizers, for example, chalk, limestone, are ground or burned before being added to the soil.

Soft additives function more efficiently because they do not require pre-treatment. Liming is carried out once every 2 years. 150 grams are needed per 1m² substances. It is important to carry out liming in the same way.

It is necessary to adhere to certain principles:

• lime is introduced without combination with humus (otherwise there is a threat to lose nitrogen);
• powerful enough material that is useful for certain types of soil;
• application rationally on heavy soil;
• it should be kept outside.

The problem is that when combined with water, lime can warm up. There are volatilizations that bring only harm to the human body.

It is possible to combine together with sulfuric acid and wood ash. The latter option does not contain chlorine, so it is good to use it for plants that react negatively to chlorine. bleach formula.

In the country

Quicklime is widely used in various works on the summer cottages. These include tree painting. in the ratio of 1 kg of the mixture to 4 liters of liquid. After two days, the composition can be applied.

Also lime carry out sprinkling of crops. A fungicide is added to the lime water and after 2 hours they start spraying the plants.

Lime is used for whitewashing ceilings and walls. about puttying the walls under the wallpaper.

Remember that for this procedure the ratio is completely different: 1 kg of product per 2 liters of water. Then add liquid gradually until the solution is the desired density.

Then the substance settles for two days, after which it must be filtered.

Almost all gardeners know that some crops do not tolerate an excessive predominance of Ca. But, calcium is the main source for stimulating the growth of the root system and is especially important at the very beginning of development.

The main purpose of calcium is as follows:

• protects the culture from diseases;
• activates the work of nodule microorganisms;
• retains nitrogen in the soil;
• improves plant nutrition;
• increases resistance to various harmful conditions;
• helps to dissolve the components in the liquid;
• a key element for the formation of the root system;
• promotes accelerate the decomposition of organic matter.

The ability to reduce soil subacidity is one of the most the right qualities owned by fluff lime.

The use of quicklime in horticulture contributes not only to the normalization of the upper soil cover, but also to the improvement of the chemical composition. Helps to eliminate the influence of toxic metals.

Exceeding the application rate is undesirable for the culture. Too alkaline soil reduces the absorption of many required micronutrients, including Ca. However, please note that poor quality liming in some cases due to the addition of lime to the soil along with humus.

Therefore, as a rule, combinations are formed that cannot dissolve, and this is considered an absolutely futile process for the development of plants. garden crops begin to experience a shortage of required nutrients so there is no yield.

Lime is best applied in autumn or spring after preliminary digging. In this case, the substance eventually seeps into the ground immediately after rain. During the period of work, it is necessary to adhere to measures to protect against the influence of lime.

If lime gets into the mucous membranes, immediately go to the doctor. Wash hands and face after work.

It is not necessary to use lime along with the compost, as chemical reaction upon their contact. Liming acidic soils in the recommended proportions, it has a beneficial effect on the increase in the population of earthworms, which slowly breed in oxidized soils.

Their lifespan is greatly reduced when they inhabit such an environment. wood ash can replace lime and also favorably affect the soil.

It reduces soil subacidity and is considered an important potash fertilizer. However, this fertilizer will need to be applied in larger proportions than any other options.

When normalizing the acidity of the soil to garden plot one of the gardener's frequent mistakes is the replacement of quicklime with gypsum.

This is impractical, for example, gypsum does not reduce subacidity, but is used exclusively in salted soils for the purpose of improvement, since it crystallizes excess sulfate.

The frequency of use of garden lime directly depends on the type of fertilizer. When mineral - liming is done more often. And the use of natural additives contributes to the natural maintenance of acid-base balance.

From this it follows that with the systematic supply of organic matter, auxiliary treatment with a chemical substance is most likely not needed.

It should also be taken into account that not all vegetables prefer lime treatment.

In construction

Quicklime has become widely used in construction. For a long time, lime cement was produced from the element, which immediately hardened when exposed to CO2 in the open air. cement proportions lime mortar for plaster.

In today's construction infrequently used due to significant levels of water absorption. The accumulation of moisture from the inside of the walls often led to the growth of bacteria and mold.

It is forbidden to apply to processing of furnaces. dimensions kiln brick. When exposed to flame and high temperatures, toxic carbonic anhydride is released from this element.

Thanks to the formation construction technologies the solution contains a couple of key species:

• air type used for ground construction work;
• hydraulic view for the manufacture of special construction mixtures. Most of all it is used in the construction of bridges.

For more information about quicklime, see the video:

The difference between quicklime and slaked

What is the difference between slaked lime (formula) and quicklime? Quicklime is not used as cement because of its ability to absorb water and form mold on the walls, however, in the industry construction works it is popular for making cinder block, colorful items, silicate bricks(its weight) and plasters.

Quicklime is used to eliminate sewage water and gases formed in the chimney.

It is from the quenching method that different variations of lime are obtained:

• lime liquid;
• suspension;
• hydrated slaked lime. about its application.

Operation Precautions

When working with a ground substance, the lungs should be protected from the dust formed on the mucous membranes. Therefore, ventilate the building regularly. best method protection from toxic attack is to carry out work on the street.

When such a requirement is not feasible, apply a protective bandage, gloves and a special mask.

Store the substance in an airtight container, as it freely draws CO2 from the atmosphere, forming calcium carbonate.

Symptoms of poisoning

Any chemical element if it is misused will lead to detrimental effects on human health.

Before using lime, be sure to read the recommendations on the product packaging or find out the details of the manipulation of the substance from a specialist or seller.

Intoxication manifests itself as follows:

• a burn of the oral cavity, which is expressed by swelling, an increase in the level of blood flow and sudden, powerful pains;
• there is aching pain in the area of ​​​​the alimentary tract;
• the intensity of pain sensations depends on the amount of exposure to a chemical element;
• there is a strong craving for drinking liquids;
• later, nausea and bloody vomiting may occur, the appearance of diarrhea (this means the presence through hole in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract, accompanied by the ingress of its contents into the free abdominal cavity);
• the appearance of asthma attacks;
• increased dosage of the chemical stimulates the suppression of the heart and respiratory work , but as a result of the manifestation of a state of shock.

Actions for a burn

First of all instantly carry out abundant and scrupulous washing of the affected area, and most importantly purified water. The largest accumulation of the chemical is in the conjunctival sac, so be sure to give great attention to cleansing the eyes and eyelids.

After that, you need to wait for an ambulance for effective treatment in the hospital. A 0.5% composition of amethocaine, a strong anesthetic, is instilled into the eye. By activity, it significantly exceeds novocaine. With the help of a wet swab, tweezers and a needle, particles of the substance are removed.

After the removal of the substance, another washing of the mucous membranes is carried out with plain water, and then with a special 0.9% aqueous solution of sodium chloride.

Then apply an ointment containing 5% chloramphenicol.

In this way, both eyes are washed and treated, and then a bactericidal bandage is used. Subsequent therapy is prescribed by an ophthalmologist.

Output

Lime - universal material which is still in use today. The advantage of quicklime is the absence of waste, a low level of liquid absorption, the ability to work in winter, and is also widely used in everyday life.

The main disadvantage is the threat to well-being. It is necessary to work with the substance carefully so that the particles do not get into the eyes or into the respiratory tract.

Achieving any goal is a daily work. If your goal is to get good harvest, then you will need not only to invest your work, but also to provide your garden and garden with proper care, attention and care. Definitely experience for long years he taught everyone that when growing something in the garden and vegetable garden, one cannot do without chemicals.

Most likely, everyone has heard of slaked lime in one area or another of conversation. Slaked lime(or, as it is also called - fluff) has chemical name- calcium hydroxide. It is interesting that such lime is used in various fields: construction, water softening, leather tanning, dentistry, and the chemical industry. It also found application in horticulture.

The composition of slaked lime is quite simple, it is dominated by calcium oxides. The process of obtaining (extinguishing) is also not complicated, and consists in adding water and thoroughly mixing.

It is not difficult to prepare slaked lime (fluff), for this you need to extinguish (mix) it with water, which takes about 10-20 minutes. During the quenching process, a safe, healthy top dressing is produced.

The main rule is that the water for extinguishing should be cold so that the lime does not lose its beneficial substances.

The use of slaked lime is widely used in horticulture. A simple, unpretentious way has long been one of the main tools for experienced gardeners. Some of the application methods:

• Weed control: some types of weeds can be completely removed from the garden, for this you should autumn period liming the soil. Application rate - 300-400 gr per sq.m. After the procedure, you will not be afraid of weeds: horsetail, wheatgrass, wood lice, horse sorrel.
• Slaked lime can also be added to compost pit- so you speed up the process of decomposition of its contents.
• Deoxidation of the soil with the help of liming requires compliance with the norms and doses: heavy and clay soils - 600-900 gr. per sq.m, light, loamy - 400-500 gr. per sq. m, light, sandy - 300-400 gr. per sq.m. Land liming is carried out once every 3-4 years.
• The process of whitewashing trees is very simple. It is recommended to use lime of the highest or first grade. Lime is diluted until a rich white color is obtained, the approximate proportion is 1: 1.

The difference between slaked and quicklime

It would be logical to think that if there is slaked lime, then there must be quicklime. How does it differ from slaked, and where is it used? No matter how contradictory it may sound, but the word "lime" is of Greek origin and means "inextinguishable".

Quicklime has a granular appearance. Previously, quicklime could be used for construction work as a cement, but as a result of such use, it was not noticed. best properties, namely - the absorption of moisture and the reproduction of fungal mold. Despite this, quicklime is widely used in construction for the production of slag concrete, paints, silicate bricks, and plaster materials. In the food industry, quicklime acts as an emulsifier, helping to bind substances whose properties do not allow them to dissolve in each other. Also, quicklime is used in the process of neutralization of waste water, flue gases.

The main difference between hydrated and quicklime is chemical formula. Slaked lime is calcium hydroxide, quicklime is calcium oxide. Unlike slaked lime, which is most commonly found in powder form, quicklime is a granule.

Lime slaking rules and safety precautions

Dehydration is the process of slaking lime. Before you start working with lime, be sure to apply all safety measures:

• your clothes should be tight, wear gloves, a respirator, goggles;
• quenching must be carried out exclusively in a metal container;
• if extinguishing is carried out indoors, ensure good ventilation;
• if lime gets into the eyes or on the skin, wash the affected area with a weak vinegar solution or big amount water, and then consult a doctor.

Dehydration is carried out in open space. According to the rate of quenching, they distinguish:

• quick-extinguishing lime - up to 8 minutes;
• medium slaking lime - up to 25 minutes;
• slow-extinguishing lime - more than 25 minutes.

The slaking process is the addition of water to quicklime. The addition of water should be carried out slowly so as not to lower the temperature, because. heat is released during the extinguishing process.

It is necessary to store lime in certain conditions. Prepare a pit for storage, sprinkle the solution on top with a layer of sand of 20 cm (if storage is planned in frost, then a layer of earth 50-70 cm can be added on top of the sand). Enclose the pit - for the safety of people and animals.

Features of the use of fluff in the garden and vegetable garden

Slaked lime is an organic substance. The main elements of fluff are calcite and dolomite. As already mentioned, slaked lime can be used as a fertilizer and as protective agent in the garden and orchard.

Rich in potassium, magnesium and calcium, fluff quickly gained popularity in horticulture. Moreover, potassium, which is part of the composition, has a form that is quickly absorbed by plants. Calcium should be part of the soil, it is responsible for plant immunity, protection against diseases, therefore slaked lime is economical and effective option to replenish the soil with calcium. In addition to its direct effect, calcium activates the activity of microorganisms, and they begin to release nitrogen. The use of fluff contributes to a change in the chemical composition of the soil, its normalization and the acquisition of the necessary functions and components.

price

practicality

appearance

ease of manufacture

laboriousness in use

environmental friendliness

final grade

Quicklime is a substance known to almost everyone, which is in demand in various fields. It is indispensable in the production of concrete, mortar, binders, artificial stone, all kinds of details, etc.

Quicklime building lime - a substance white shade with a crystalline structure. Its formation occurs during the firing of chalk, dolomites, limestone and other minerals of the calcium-magnesium type. In this case, the proportion of impurities cannot be higher than 6-8%. IN general view the formula of the compound can be represented as CaO, although it contains magnesium oxides and other compounds.

In the photo, calcium oxide (quicklime)

The material is manufactured in accordance with the requirements of GOST 9179-77 under the name “Building lime. Specifications". It is made from carbonate rocks using additives of a mineral nature: quartz sand, blast furnace or electrothermophosphorus slag, etc.

According to the requirements of the state standard, it is necessary to grind to such a size that the residue after passing through a sieve No. 02 and No. 008 is not higher than 1.5% and 15%, respectively.

Quicklime is referred to the 2nd hazard class. Pure lime of the air type can have the 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade, with impurities - the 1st and 2nd grade. Hydrated lime has the 1st and 2nd grade.

Quicklime production

In the past, heat treatment of limestone was performed to form lime. IN last years this method is used less and less as the reaction releases carbon dioxide. Alternative method is the thermal decomposition of calcium salts containing oxygen.

The first stage is the extraction of limestone, which is carried out in a quarry. First, the rock is crushed, sorted, and then fired. Roasting is carried out in kilns, which can be rotary, shaft, floor or annular.

In most cases, shaft-type furnaces are used, which operate on gas, in bulk or with remote furnaces. Biggest savings give devices that work in a bulk way on anthracite or lean coal. The volume of production with the help of such furnaces is around 100 tons per day. Their disadvantage is the high degree of fuel ash pollution.

You can get purer lime in a device with an external firebox that runs on wood, brown coal or peat, or in gas device. However, the power of such furnaces is much lower.

The highest quality is in the substance processed in a rotary kiln, but such mechanisms are used quite rarely. Ring and floor type have low power and require large volumes of fuel, so they are not installed at new enterprises.

Stages of lime production at the plant:

Varieties

Building lime is divided into two types: air and hydraulic. Air lime makes it possible to set concrete under normal conditions, and hydraulic lime makes it possible to set concrete in dry conditions and in the aquatic environment. Therefore, air lime is suitable for ground work, and hydraulic lime is suitable for the construction of bridge supports.

Based on the nuances of processing the burnt material, lime is isolated various kinds:

• lump lime It is made in the form of a mixture of pieces of different sizes. It consists mainly of oxides of calcium (the predominant part) and magnesium. Also, it may include aluminates, silicates and ferrites of magnesium or calcium, which are formed during firing, and calcium carbonate. It does not perform the function of an astringent ingredient.
• ground lime they are made by grinding lump lime, so their composition is almost identical. It is used in raw form. This avoids waste and accelerates hardening. Products made from it have excellent strength properties, they are water-resistant and differ high density. To speed up the hardening process of the material, calcium chloride is added, and to slow down the hardening - sulfuric acid or plaster. This prevents the appearance of cracks after drying. Ground lime is transported in sealed containers made of paper or metal. It is allowed to store it no more than 10-15 days in dry conditions.
• Hydrated lime- a highly dispersed dry compound formed during lime slaking. It consists of calcium and magnesium hydroxides, calcium carbonate and other impurities.
• When a liquid is added in a volume that is enough for the oxides to turn into hydrates, a plastic mass is formed, which has the name lime test.

The most popular in use today are slaked and quicklime.

Photo of various types of quicklime

Lump quicklime Ground quicklime Lime dough

Areas of use

For many years lime cement was produced from quicklime. It freezes well in air, but absorbs a lot of moisture, which causes fungus to appear on the walls. Therefore, now quicklime is much less in demand in the construction industry than before. It is one of the components in the production of plaster materials, sand-lime bricks, slag concrete, paints, etc.

Lime can be used in winter period, because during quenching, heat is generated, which maintains the temperature of the mixture during the hardening period. You can not take it for the production of cement for finishing fireplaces and stoves, because under the influence of temperature it releases carbon dioxide.

Another area of ​​application of lime is agriculture and horticulture. It is well suited for treating plants from pests, fertilizing acidic soils. Ground limestone is a raw material in the production of feed for livestock, feed for poultry.

With the help of quicklime, flue gases and waste water are neutralized. It is also dyed various surfaces. The use of lime in the country and for vegetable gardens is very popular.

Quicklime is in demand even in the food industry. It is present in many products in the form of E-529 emulsifier. It is an ingredient that helps mix substances that are immiscible in nature (say, water and oil).

Application of quicklime:

Cancellation Rules

The quenching process occurs according to the formula:

CaO + H2O \u003d Ca (OH) 2 + 65.1 kJ.

Lime powder is diluted in water, which reacts with calcium (or magnesium) oxide. Hydroxide is formed and a copious release of heat occurs, causing the water to become steam. Water vapor loosens the mixture, and instead of lumps, a powder of a fine fraction is formed.

Lime, depending on the period of slaking, is of the following types:

1. quick-extinguishing (max. 8 minutes);
2. medium extinguishing (maximum in 25 minutes);
3. slow extinguishing (at least 25 minutes).

The extinguishing time is calculated from mixing with water until the temperature of the mixture stops increasing. Usually a specific time is indicated on the package.

With the help of quenching, you can make hydrated lime (which is called fluff) or lime dough. To get out, you need to pour 70-100% of water from its weight into lime. They usually do it in factories, in special hydrators.

To make lime dough, liquid and powder must be taken in a ratio of 3-4: 1. They do it mostly at the construction site. To make a plastic mass, it is kept for at least 2 weeks in a special pit.

What happens when lime is slaked

Scheme of lime slaking Heat release process

How to extinguish lime yourself

Quenching must be carried out according to the rules so that no metal oxides remain, otherwise the quality of the mixture will be much worse. To carry out complete extinguishing, at least a day is needed, preferably about 36 hours.

Procedure:

1. Pour lime into a container. Metal containers are allowed, but they must not be rusty.
2. pour powder cold water at the rate of 1 liter (if fluff is being made) or 0.5 liters per 1 kg (if lime dough is being made).
3. Mix the mass. You need to stir it several times as soon as the formation of steam begins to decrease.

Remember:

• If the lime is slow-extinguishing, it is better to pour water in several steps.
• If the lime is medium or fast extinguishing, it must not be allowed to burn out. Water must be added to it until the formation of steam stops.
• If lime is used to whitewash the room, take 2 liters of water per 1 kg. Then more water is added to get the right consistency. The solution is defended for 48 hours and filtered. Apply it with a spray gun or brush.
• To whitewash trees, the proportion of water and powder should be 4:1. This solution also needs to be defended for two days before whitewashing.
• If lime was needed to spray plants from pests, the solution is mixed two hours before use. Pour in a lot of water and add blue vitriol.
• To reliably protect your eyes and skin when extinguishing, you need to wear goggles and long rubber gloves. Drops of slaked lime on the skin can cause severe burns. During the preparation of the mixture, do not bend over the container so that the water vapor does not cause burns.

The following video will tell about the features of the treatment of lime burns:

Pros and cons of the material

Advantages of quicklime over slaked lime:

1. no waste;
2. lower water absorption;
3. the possibility of working in the winter;
4. good level of strength;
5. wide scope.

The main disadvantage of quicklime is its danger to human health. Therefore, you should act carefully so that the particles do not get on the mucous membranes or in the lungs.

You need to work in a room that can be ventilated, and best of all - in an open space.

If it is not possible to ventilate the room, you should wear a respirator or a special bandage. And in order not to have to treat an eye burn, it is necessary to extinguish lime in goggles.

average cost

Now at least 26 specialized plants are engaged in obtaining quicklime in our country. Also, equipment for burning limestone is installed at many enterprises that produce cellular concrete and silicate brick.

The average price for quicklime varies within 3-5 thousand rubles. per ton.

Lime is a word of Greek origin and means "inextinguishable". Belongs to those materials that have accompanied mankind since time immemorial. Its properties were discovered, probably by chance, and it found application in various fields through trial and error, so to speak, blindly. Consider the difference between hydrated and quicklime.

People still did not know anything about calcium and its compounds with coal and oxygen, but they already realized that mountain limestone is good. building material, and that by burning some rocks: limestone, chalk, dolomites and others, a substance with binding properties can be obtained.

With lime cement, the ancient Chinese stabilized the soil and fastened the masonry of their Great Wall a length of 2500 km, subsequently, on the basis of lime, they began to make fertilizers used in agriculture.

Quicklime

Currently, quicklime obtained as a result of roasting is not used as cement, due to its ability to absorb moisture and cause fungal mold on the walls, but in the construction industry it is in demand for the production of slag concrete, paints, silicate bricks and plaster materials.

Quicklime (or calcium oxide mixed with other oxides, and primarily magnesium oxide) is used to neutralize wastewater and flue gases, and to paint buildings. It is found in many foods as an emulsifier, binding substances that by nature resist dissolution in each other, such as water and oil.

Slaked lime

Hydrated (or hydrated) lime is formed as a result of interaction with water. Calcium oxide, of which quicklime is composed, is converted into calcium hydroxide, releasing heat abundantly in the form of steam.

Depending on the quenching method, we can get:

• lime water;
• suspension (milk of lime);
• dry calcium hydroxide (fluff).

Extinguishing Method

Quicklime may differ in its qualities, so you should not rush into the process, but perhaps increase the slaking time so that poorly slaked lime does not smoke in freshly placed plaster, which has been exposed to water.

Slow-extinguishing lime is best poured in several steps. A substance with a fast or medium extinguishing term is poured before the steam stops to avoid burnout. You should be careful not to let the boiling lime get on your hands and face. To avoid burns, protect yourself with long gloves, a respirator and special goggles.

In general, the features of the dosage of water in the process directly depend on the purpose of the future substance. General meaning domestic use lime is to prevent unwanted activity of microorganisms.

Application

• lime fertilizers Since ancient times, they have been used in agriculture to increase soil fertility and for liming, that is, to reduce acidity. Solid calcareous fertilizers, such as chalk, limestone, dolomite, are ground or burned before being applied to the soil. Soft lime fertilizers work more efficiently and are applied to the soil without pre-treatment– natural dolomite flour, lake lime (garbage), calcareous tufa, marl. Lime fertilizers include rock processing products: quickburned lime (ground or lump) and fluff (slaked lime), as well as industrial waste, such as cement dust, belite flour, blast furnace slag, shale and peat ash, defecation mud, etc.
• Tree painting. Dilute 1 kg of lime in 4 liters of water. After a couple of days, the solution is ready for use.
• Spraying plants. Copper sulphate is added to lime water and sprayed two hours after preparation.
• Whitewashing of ceilings and walls. Here the proportion will be different: 1 kg of lime per 2 liters of water. Then add water until you get the desired consistency. Let the solution stand for a couple of days and strain it.
• Pushonka(or dry calcium hydroxide) perfectly copes with the functions of protecting against moisture, disinfecting and improving the binding qualities of cement and concrete mortars.