All about rose hips in your garden. We get acquainted with varieties of wild rose with large fruits

At your site. Like it or not, but more useful plant hard to find for your garden.

Rosehip planting

Rosehip loves lit areas where there is a lot of sunlight. It will grow best in high places with fertile soil in which there is no stagnant groundwater. Rosehip roots go very deep into the ground, so do not plant it on swampy and lowland soil - it will quickly wither and die. In terms of the growth of the root system, the wild rose is similar to: after a few years of plant life, its roots grow in the upper layers of the soil and begin to occupy vast areas. To prevent it from spreading, you need to fence the bushes with a small ditch 20-30 cm deep or dig pieces of slate to the same depth.

Rose hips can be planted along the border of a personal plot (to protect it) or in separate bushes in the most inconvenient places: at a compost heap or next to. The main thing to remember is the following: rosehip is a cross-pollinated plant, so its bushes should be next to each other. This is important if you plan to plant rose hips not as an ornamental plant, but to collect its useful fruits.

Rosehip breeding

Rose hips can be propagated by seeds, seedlings, root layers.

Reproduction by seeds

It is advisable to collect seeds for planting in August, from unripe brown fruits. At this time, the seed coat has not yet had time to harden, so they will germinate better.

The seeds themselves can be planted both in spring and autumn, but better than the second option.

• We do autumn planting in October, we sow the seeds in the ground in rows;
• Sprinkle rows with planted seeds with humus and sawdust, leave a small gap between them so that a chopper or cultivator can pass freely;
• In early spring, in order for the seeds to germinate better, we install a frame with a plastic film stretched over it;
• When the first two leaves appear on the seedlings, they can be seated.

If you want to plant in the spring, for the seeds you need to create in advance good conditions for germination - stratify. To do this, after extracting the seeds from the fruits, we mix them with a mixture of peat and sand (in a ratio of 1: 4) or with river sand. Then we put this mixture in a box and place it until spring in a cool place with a temperature of 2-3 ºС. In winter, the mixture should be stirred periodically.

Propagation of wild rose seedlings

Rosehip seedlings take root best at autumn planting . It is desirable to plant them in October-November.

• We make a pit for planting with a depth of 20-22 cm;
• If there is soil at the planting site, we additionally add lime fertilizers, we also add rotted ones;
• We cut the seedlings short before planting so that the thick branches are no more than 8-10 cm long. For better survival, root cuts can be made. To do this, shorten the roots to 15-20 cm;
• Then we immerse the roots of the seedling in a clay mash and plant it, having previously straightened the roots, into the prepared pit. The neck of the rhizome of the seedling should be 5-8 cm below the level of the soil surface;
• After planting, water the seedling with water and sprinkle the surface with sawdust or.

The distance between the planted plants depends on the purpose for which we plant the wild rose. To do hedge, we plant seedlings at a distance of 50 cm from each other. For good harvest the rosehip bush will need more space.

Reproduction by root offspring

If you need to preserve the signs of the mother bush, another method of reproduction is useful - root offspring. It is necessary to harvest them from the healthiest and most productive bushes, in late autumn or early spring. This is usually done in two ways:

1. In the first option, an offspring 25-40 cm high is selected and separated with a shovel from the mother bush. You can do this both in autumn and in spring.
2. Using the second method, the adnexal bush is not separated, but periodically spud and watered. Due to this treatment, adventitious roots begin to form in the offspring bush. The next year, in the fall, the bush is separated from the mother plant, but not transplanted, but left in place until spring. In the spring, it is transplanted to a new place, while trying not to damage the rhizomes of the seedling.

Rosehip Care

Rosehip pruning

It is necessary to thin out the rosehip bush 2-3 years after its planting. At the same time, for better yields, it is necessary to form a bush of 15-20 branches. It is good if the branches of the bush are of different ages, but not older than 7 years - old branches do not bear fruit well.

Old and weak branches should be done in the spring. Many guides recommend pruning in the fall, after leaf fall, but this is just not worth doing. Rosehip slices do not tolerate well, therefore spring pruning much more useful, especially in regions with severe winters. The main thing is not to turn pruning into shortening the bush - next year you will get a large number of young shoots that will not bring you a crop.

Watering rose hips

Rosehip is drought-resistant, does not require permanent. If the weather is very hot or a dry period has set in, you can water the plant using 2-3 buckets of water for a young bush and about 5 buckets for a fruiting one. Usually for the whole season the bushes are watered 3-4 times.

Rosehip top dressing

important for young plants. For the normal growth of wild rose (from the second year after planting), we do top dressing bushes. The first feeding is carried out in early spring, the second - in the period rapid growth shoots (usually in June-July), the third - in September.

In the future, every 3 years we add at least 3 kg of compost or humus for each bush. After each top dressing, we loosen the soil and water it, sprinkle abundantly on top with sawdust or humus.

Harvesting rose hips

The most fun time has come - we are trying to take away its fruits from the wild rose :) Most varieties of wild rose have a lot of sharp and prickly thorns, so we advise you to wear strong clothes and tight mittens before picking the fruits. We begin harvesting when the skin of the fruit turns orange-red or red.

Usually the first harvest occurs in August and lasts until mid-autumn. When harvesting rose hips, it is important to remember the following:

1. firstly, the berries must be harvested before frost (if we don’t have time, we will lose a lot of vitamins),
2. secondly, you do not need to collect all the fruits at once (some will not have time to ripen, others will be overripe), it is better to remove them from the bushes in several stages.

Types and varieties of wild rose

Nowadays, there are more than 250 different types of wild rose. Below we list the most popular types of this variety in our area. wonderful plant. Some of them will delight you with their appearance and fruits, others are purely decorative.

Rosehip cinnamon

It grows in Siberia, the bushes of this variety grow up to 2 m. The shrub got its name for the peculiar red-brown color of the bark. From one bush you can collect up to 2 kg of fruit.

Rosehip wrinkled

This variety has been cultivated for a long time. The plant is densely strewn with thorns, but up to 4 kg of fruit can be collected from one bush. It blooms almost all spring and summer, is not afraid of disease and frost.

Rose hips

This variety takes root well in the North, it also grows in Central Asia and in the Non-Black Earth Region. The shrub is abundantly strewn with short thorns. Flowers pink or red. Tolerates well winter frosts and summer drought.

Rosehip has long been considered a storehouse healing properties and was considered sacred plant. Therefore, in the modern world, it has not lost its appeal.

Rosehip bush can be found in almost every garden. Since those times, only the fact that decorative varieties have appeared that adorn the garden has changed. delicate flowers. That's why they called it the wild rose.

Types of wild rose photos and names

- this species has dark green shiny leaves with a large number of veins. Since the foliage is planted quite close to each other and thus covers the entire bush, branches are not even visible from afar, only continuous veins / wrinkles. For this feature, he got his name.

The bush reaches one and a half meters in height, dotted with pink flowers (single or in groups of 4-5 pieces), it can become, for example, a hedge. It blooms for a long time, from June to autumn.

- is a shrub with snow-white or slightly pink flowers. Blooms not long (2-3 weeks), but abundantly. This variety has significant both advantages and disadvantages.

So, for example, you should carefully choose a landing site. The fact is that the roots sprout over large areas, so if you need to get rid of the bush, this can cause problems. After all, even a small forgotten area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe roots can grow again.

– tall shrub(up to two meters), with a reddish-brown color of the branches, on which there are practically no thorns. The leaves are dark green with a slight bluish tint. The flowers are bright pink with a snow-white spot spreading from the center.

– undersized variety, growing up to one meter in height, has small shiny leaves and bright pink flowers. Flowering lasts about a month. Differs in good winter hardiness.

- a large variety of wild rose, can reach 2 m in height, blooms for about a month with large pink flowers. Often used as a hedge.

A large, spreading three-meter bush with snow-white or pale pink flowers. There are also spikes bent like hooks. Home hallmark of this variety is that it is used as a rootstock for various varietal roses.

With this wild rose, you must be extremely careful in the care:

• he is very prickly;
• very often throws out root suckers, which can harm neighboring plants;
• may freeze, but quickly recovers.

- medium height shrub with small pink flowers collected in inflorescences. It got its name due to the fact that the leaves are able to emit the smell of fresh apples.

- actively branching shrub of medium size with single small pink flowers.

- has thorns only on young shoots. The flowers are large, pink saturated shade, solitary. It is the oldest cultivated variety.

- has densely growing shoots with densely planted leaves of a bluish-gray color. It got its name because of the large number of thin spikes that create a kind of hairiness from afar. The fruits are edible, although they have bristles.

- has many small white flowers collected in inflorescences. Under natural conditions (in Korea) due to the warm climate, it can reach 6-7 meters in height.

In cold climatic zones, it must either be removed from the main support and covered for the winter, or grown as a ground cover plant. Like it or not, the cold adversely affects this delicate plant.

- late flowering shrub, has thick spreading branches with rarely planted large leaves and flat spines peeking out from under them. The flowers are collected in paniculate, lacy inflorescences.

(yellow rose) is a highly ornamental rosehip variety. It is a tall, vertically growing shrub, while the ends of the branches are bent down. During flowering, the entire bush is covered with bright yellow shaggy flowers. Creating a gentle cloud. Great decoration for the garden.

It is worth noting that this variety tolerates frosts more easily than winter thaws, due to which the plant may die.

Rosehip planting and care in the open field

Before you start planting a bush, you must responsibly approach the choice of location.

Rosehip responds positively to well-lit areas for planting. It will be equally important to give preference to a small hill instead of lowlands, where stagnant water is often observed due to the close occurrence of groundwater.

In addition, do not forget about the protection of neighboring plants. The fact is that the root system of the wild rose grows very densely and actively, so it is necessary to make additional strengthening. To do this, a small ditch is dug at a distance of 1-1.5 m around the bush and a depth of at least 20-25 cm, and slate is inserted from those sides where it is planned to plant (or already have) other plants.

Another interesting fact: those rosehip varieties that have edible fruits, are considered cross-pollinated, so they are planted in pairs, and if the task is only to decorate the site, then one bush is enough.

The rose is also a member of the genus Rosehip. It is grown during planting and care in the open field, without much hassle, if you follow all the rules of agricultural technology. You can find all the necessary recommendations for growing and caring in this article.

Watering rose hips

With regards to watering, the bush is more likely to endure a short drought than frequent stagnation of water. That is why watering is needed only during long dry periods.

In this case, 4-5 waterings are enough per season (about three buckets of water, under one adult bush). If the summer is rainy, then there is no need for additional moisture.

Rosehip fertilizer

Fertilizers are applied according to the following scheme: in the first year of life - nitrogen, three times per season (in early spring, mid-summer and early autumn).

In subsequent years - once a year, in the form of compost and humus.

Rosehip pruning

A bush is pruned at least three years old. During thinning, old (more than seven years old) and branches that stand out from the overall picture (too long, for example) are cut, thus leaving the healthiest ones (20 pieces are enough).

The next year, new branches will appear in their place, which will bring the harvest. Pruning is carried out only in early spring or late autumn.

Rosehip collection and harvesting

Harvesting is carried out from the second half of August until September. At the same time, the berries do not ripen at the same time, so the collection is stretched over time. Ripe fruits, depending on the variety, acquire a rich red or burgundy color. The most important thing is to be in time before the start of frost. You should also not forget about special protection (hedgehogs and tight clothes), as the bushes are extremely prickly.

Harvested fruits must be dried. They can be dried either whole or cut into halves, removing the seeds and villi. In the first case (whole), drying is carried out in an oven at low temperatures (up to 70-90˚С). Well-dried fruits should spring when squeezed, and in no case should they be crushed or crumbled.

In the second case, the fruits can be dried simply in a dry room, spread on paper. Drying in this form retains much more vitamins.

Growing rose hips from seeds

Rose hips can be propagated in three ways: seeds, cuttings (seedlings) and root offspring.

Seeds are collected from still unripe fruits at the end of August in order to sow them in the ground in the fall (in October). It is possible to sow in the spring, but then 2-3 weeks before the expected date of planting in open ground, it is necessary to grow seedlings in separate containers.

Rosehip propagation by cuttings

Cuttings are cut in late autumn (October-November) 10-15 cm long and this should be the middle part of the branch (not at the base, but not thin young ends).

Then they must be put in water and wait for the roots to appear. After that, the seedling is planted in a separate hole, the depth of which is about 20 cm (it is imperative to lay lime fertilizer on the bottom).

If the rosehip bushes will serve as a hedge in the future, then they are planted at a distance of 50-60 cm from each other, if not, then at least a meter.

Propagation of wild rose by root offspring

For reproduction by root offspring, it is necessary to choose only the most productive bush, from which in late autumn (or early spring) the most reliable baby is isolated, which can develop independently.

Hilling is carried out several times, and after the baby takes its own roots, it can be safely separated from the mother bush.

Rosehip pests

Rose hips have a lot of pests, but you should not be afraid of this. If timely preventive measures are taken, adhere to proper care and provide timely treatment if pests or diseases are detected, then the bush will long years please bright colors and beneficial fruits.

Among the pests you can find: aphid , scale insects , mole , ticks and sawflies .

As preventive measure against green aphid , at the very beginning of spring, even before the buds swell, the bushes are sprayed with a solution of a mineral-oil emulsion (for example, DNOC preparation). In the event of a clear aphid attack, tobacco infusion is considered the most effective remedy (0.2 kg / 10 l of water - insist for two days).

Another option: a decoction of hot pepper (0.05 kg of ground pepper or 0.1 kg of fresh per 1 liter of water), which must be boiled in a saucepan with a tight closed lid about an hour, after which two days to insist. The result is a very concentrated decoction, which is diluted with water (1: 7) before use.

These infusions are poured into spray containers. There are a lot of popular methods. So, for example, an infusion of onions, garlic or pine / spruce needles is also known.

No less dangerous are sawflies , which lay their eggs on the shoots, from which the larvae that feed on the foliage emerge. When detected, it is necessary to remove the affected foliage and shoots, and burn them in order to avoid further spread across the site. After that, the bush is treated with one of the organophosphorus preparations.

Rosehip pest caterpillar

Treat for caterpillars are buds, leaves, and tops of young shoots. From the affected areas, it is necessary to remove the clutches with eggs and / or the pests themselves, and then treat with one of the solutions, with a concentration of 0.2%: trichlormetaphos - 3, phosalone, chlorophos, karbofos.

In addition, caterpillars can be destroyed by a more gentle method for the plant - a decoction of wormwood (boil 1 kg of grass in 4 liters of water, cool and dilute to a volume of 10 liters before spraying).

Rosehip diseases

In addition to pests, rose hips can manifest fungal diseases, the most common - powdery mildew . Symptoms: the appearance of a white coating on the leaves, gradually acquiring a brown color. It leads to twisting and premature fall of the leaves, a decrease or lack of yield, slowing down the growth of shoots.

In the fight against powdery mildew, rust, gray rot and spotting, the following complex solution is used: 20 g of copper sulfate and 200 g of liquid potassium soap (proportion 1:10) are diluted in 10 liters of water.

Rosehip useful properties and contraindications

Almost everyone knows that rosehip has a lot of useful characteristics for the human body. Let's take a closer look at all these advantages.

Fact: 15 g of dried fruit contains the norm of a daily dose of vitamin C for a person.

Use in medicine: increases the body's resistance against viral diseases, promotes the healing of wounds, ulcers and burns, improves well-being in diseases of the liver, kidneys and gallbladder (a decoction of dried berries is used). During gastrointestinal disorders and dysentery, it is recommended to use a decoction of rosehip branches and shoots.

It has been observed that regular consumption of rose hips, in small doses, helps protect against the early spring annual breakdown and strengthens the immune system.

Rosehip jam

Ingredients:

• 1 cup of sugar
• 2 cups berries

To begin with, the collected fruits must be washed, dried, cut in half and seeds removed. So, approximately, half a kilo of blanks will come out from a kilogram of berries. After cleaning, the dogrose must be washed again in order to get rid of the remnants of seeds and villi.

And now the most important thing. Before you fill the berries with sugar and start cooking, you need to carry out a very important procedure that will help soften the skin. To do this, pour the berries with boiling water, put on fire for five minutes, then drain and rinse in cold water. Now we fall asleep with sugar and add 1-2 tbsp. l. water.

The jam is boiled three times for five minutes (after boiling), with intervals for cooling (for 7-8 hours). Be sure to remove the foam that forms on the surface.

Important point! The finished jam is transferred to a sterilized jar with a screw cap and stored in the basement or refrigerator. If you store jam at room temperature, then the amount of sugar must be doubled.

Common rosehip has many useful and medicinal properties, it contains a lot of vitamins, especially vitamin C, carotene, B vitamins, PP and K. The berries are rich in mineral and organic salts, pectins and organic acids. This article is all about the benefits of rose hips, possible harm when using it, contraindications for various diseases, photo.

Rosehip: varieties, varieties, appearance

In nature, there are about 50 species of wild rose, all of them are represented by tall sprawling bushes with thorns on the stems. Other names for wild rose are "wild rose"; "dog rose"; "cinnamon rose".

Rosehip berries

The shrub blooms with fragrant flowers of white, pink or lilac. The beginning of flowering usually occurs in the first half of May and can last until the beginning of summer in different regions of Russia. Useful fruits ripen closer to autumn. Bright red berries of an elongated shape densely cover the drooping prickly branches. Rose hips are a storehouse of vitamins, they have medicinal properties, and are often used for treatment. various diseases, but they have a number of contraindications.

Proper collection of medicinal rose hips

All parts of the wild rose have healing properties, but their harvesting takes place at different times of the year. The roots of the plant begin to harvest at the beginning spring period; young shoots and leaves are to be collected at the end of May. Rosehip petals are harvested before they wither. Ripe berries, fully colored, are harvested from autumn to the first frost.

Important! For long-term storage, it is important to properly dry the plant material.

Healing properties of wild rose

• Normalization of the immune system of the human body.
• Treatment of diseases of the blood vessels.
• Restoration of energy metabolism.
• Improved performance nervous system, relieve stress, improve sleep.
• Regeneration and protection of body cells.
• Treatment of arthritis and arthrosis.
• Prevention of oncological diseases.
• Treatment of a number of diseases of the genitourinary sphere.

To improve the functioning of the digestive system, there is a proven recipe: one tsp. dry rosehip petals are steamed hot water, insist about 5 minutes. Take an infusion for flatulence, hernia, heartburn, painful sensations in the stomach and esophagus, 1 cup after meals.

An infusion of 10 g of dry rosehip petals brewed with boiling water helps to relieve inflammation from the eyes. The infusion is kept for about 10 minutes, then a sterile napkin is impregnated with a solution and a compress is applied to the eyes.

A mild laxative can be prepared from dry rosehip leaves, for which 70 g of raw materials are steamed with a glass of boiling water, but an infusion of rosehips, evaporated over low heat in a glass of water, will easily help stop diarrhea. The remaining 2/3 of the volume of liquid after evaporation is taken to stop diarrhea.

A nutritious infusion of wild rose berries for healing the body is easy to prepare in a thermos, for which the washed berries are poured with boiling water in a proportion of 1 tbsp. l. berries for 1 tbsp. boiling water.

Advice! Sugar should not be added to the infusion, it is better to use natural honey. To prepare rosehip infusions, do not use boiling water to brew berries - this destroys vitamin C.

A rosehip decoction prepared in a thermos can be used in treatment, as well as to increase vitality.

Rosehip as a means of improving men's health

There is an opinion that rosehip helps with the extinction of male body functions, increases potency and helps men's health.

Recipe for the treatment of prostatitis. First you need to prepare 1 liter of infusion of rose hips. Add 50 g of burdock roots to the infusion by heating the liquid in a water bath. After 10 minutes of heating, the decoction is infused for 3 hours, then the liquid is filtered. Take 30 g before meals for a month, break for a month, then repeat the treatment.

Preparation of infusion in a water bath helps to preserve the maximum of useful properties

Recipe to increase potency. A decoction of hawthorn in rosehip infusion will help to harmonize men's health and increase potency. The liquid with rose hips (1 glass) is evaporated in a water bath, infused for an hour, filtered and taken before meals at regular intervals.

What diseases are rose hips contraindicated in?

Despite all the positive qualities, all parts of the rosehip can be harmful in certain diseases, therefore, when treating with rosehip preparations, it is imperative to obtain prior consultation and permission from a doctor.

Harm in the treatment of rosehip preparations containing a large amount of ascorbic acid is noted in peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum, as well as in various types gastritis.

It is worth limiting the intake of infusions and decoctions of wild rose during pregnancy - an overdose can provoke a miscarriage.

After drinking rosehip decoctions, you should immediately rinse your mouth with plain water, concentrated infusions can harm tooth enamel.

It is not allowed to use wild rose and be treated with its preparations in the presence of vascular diseases (thrombophlebitis), heart dystrophy, poor blood clotting, inflammation of the liver.

A decoction of rosehip roots affects the deterioration of the excretory system (constipation); slows down the separation of bile; affects the balanced functioning of the pancreas.

It is dangerous to self-medicate, even if the usual berries and herbs are used instead of medicine.

Useful properties of wild rose: video

Rosehip for health: photo

Of the huge number of wild roses growing in the USSR, the following species are of particular industrial and economic importance.

Rosehip cinnamon(R. cinnamomea L.). A small shrub, 0.25-2.1 m in height, with a shiny brown-brown reddish bark, branches are thin, twig-like; spines small, somewhat curved. The flowers are pale or dark red. The leaves are thin, ovate, with a strongly protruding network of veins. False fruits are small and medium in size.

The fruits are smooth, fleshy, painted in pale red, red-orange, dark red; vary in shape from spherical to obovate, obovate, elliptical and fusiform with remaining sepals.

It is noted that in species characterized by a high content of vitamin C (such as cinnamon rose hips), the sepals remaining in the fruit are directed upwards. In R. canina (dog rose), which contains a small amount of vitamin C, the sepals are bent down (they fall off when the fruit ripens). Rose hips have a sour-sweet, slightly astringent taste.

Fruit sizes are from 8.5 to 29.5 mm in length and from 7.5 to 17.5 mm in width. The weight of 1 fresh fruit is from 0.365 to 1.45 g; in 1 kg from 650 to 2,750 fruits. Seeds in fresh fruits from 14.7 to 33.2% of their total weight. The number of seeds in 1 fruit is from 6 to 22 pieces. Sepals from the weight of fresh fruits from 1.75-2.5% to 10-10.5%, more often 4.5-4.7%. The fruits have edible thick pulp.

Widely distributed in the forest and forest-steppe belts of the European part of the USSR, in the Urals and in Siberia (Western and Eastern). It grows in river valleys, forests, shrubs and meadows, often forming large thickets. It is one of the most valuable types of plant raw materials.

Depending on the place of growth, the content of vitamin C in fresh fruits varies from 1,000 to 4,800 mg%, in dry fruits from Kazakhstan from 9,700 to 11,200 mg% and from the European part of the USSR from 3,500 to 14,600 mg% in terms of absolutely dry matter. Carotene over 17 mg%.

The fruits collected in the northern regions are more active in terms of vitamin C content than the fruits of the southern regions.

The leaves of vitamin C contain from 275 to 350 mg%.

In the vitamin industry, cinnamon rose hips are especially widely used for the production of both vitamin concentrates and various preparations. Rosehip cinnamon is also versatile used in medicinal purposes and in medicine. Its fruits and petals can be used for technical processing (rose water, jam, tinctures, liqueurs, etc.).

Separate parts of the plant have astringent properties; leaves and roots are used in folk medicine in the form of decoctions and infusions for gastrointestinal diseases. An orange dye is also obtained from a decoction of the fruit.

Rose hips(R. acicularis L.). Shrub up to 2 m in height, branches strongly thorny, bristly. Flowers are pink or red. Fruits are 1.5-2.5 cm in diameter, red. The shape of the fruit is different: ovoid with constriction at the top; narrowed at both ends, oblong, pear-shaped, obverse pear-shaped, elliptical, sometimes, rarely, spherical. The fruits are naked, quite fleshy. The pulp is edible. It grows almost everywhere in the USSR: in the European part of the USSR (northern regions and in middle lane), in Western and Eastern Siberia, on the Far East and in Central Asia. Prefers spruce forests, forest slopes and edges. The content of vitamin C in fresh fruits of the European part of the USSR is from 1400 to 3200 mg% and in dry fruits from 3350 to 7000 mg%, in dry fruits of Kazakhstan - up to 4500 mg%. In the leaves of vitamin C from 240 to 320 mg%.

Just like cinnamon rosehip, it has great medicinal value.

One hectare gives 400-500 kg of fruits. Fruit seeds contain 7.9-10.5% fats (fatty oils). It is possible to obtain essential oil from rosehip flowers, the yield of which is 0.04% of dry matter. This species is of great industrial importance in harvesting, taking second place after cinnamon rosehip.

Rosehip Fedchenko(R. Fedtsehenkoana). Branched tall shrub, 3-6.2 m in height. Central Asian species, grows in the mountains and on the slopes of the mountains between the bushes along the edges of the forest. The branches are bare, the spikes are large, hard, straight, widened towards the base. The leaves are bluish, leathery, almost rounded or ovate, the flowers are white, sometimes pale pink.

The fruits are very large, up to 5.1 cm long, covered with glandular bristles, oblong, oblong-ovate, sometimes spherical, elongated at the top into a neck, painted orange or orange-red; have edible, but dryish and thin pulp. Blooms from July; Fruits abundantly from August to October. Fruits have high vitamin properties. The content of vitamin C on dry fruit pulp is from 3.5 to 8%, more often 5.5-6.0%. This type of wild rose is of great industrial importance due to the large size of the fruit and the high content of vitamin C.

Briar Beggera(R. beggeriana). Pretty slender shrub 1-2.6 m high. The branches are almost erect, the thorns are usually large, sickle-shaped, up to 1.75 cm long, the flowers are white, in complex corymbs or panicles. The fruits are quite fleshy, spherical or ovoid, the size of a pea, smooth, 0.45 to 1.55 cm long, colored red, but sometimes have a darker, blackish color.

The sepals fall off when the fruit ripens, so a wide opening is formed at the top of the fruit, so that the seeds and surrounding hairs are visible. Flowering - in June-July. Fruiting from the end of July, August-September. Begger's rose hips are extremely rich in vitamin C, the content of which varies from 5.2 to 10%, sometimes reaching 17.8% per absolutely dry weight of the pulp.

It grows in Central Asia, along mountain slopes, along river banks, forest edges, as well as in Afghanistan and Iran. Harvesting of fruits is carried out in August-September.

Briar Webb(R. webbiana). Shrub over 1 m high, with straight, thick, strong thorns scattered along the stem; in addition to thick thorns, there are also small thin spines on the plant. Leaves up to 10 cm long; flowers solitary, white or pink. The fruits vary greatly both in size and shape; spherical or ovoid. The surface of the fruit is naked or covered with small spines or hairs (bristly). Painted in red, carmine color. Fruit size in diameter 1.4-2 cm; the pulp is edible, sweet, thick. The content of vitamin C in dry fruits reaches 8.9%.

Blooms in June - August; fruiting in September-October.

It grows in Central Asia, as well as in China, Tibet, Mongolia and other regions.

Rosehip Albert(R. Alberti). A strongly branched shrub, over a meter high, the branches are long, sickle-shaped. The spines are thin, small, straight, often with an admixture of needle spines at the base. Leaves ovate-longitudinal or elliptical; white flowers (mountain-siberian species). It grows in Western Siberia, Altai, Central Asia, Tien Shan and other regions.

Blooms in June-July. Fruiting from late July to September. Fruit length from 0.5 to 1.5-2 cm.

The fruits are smooth or with long bristles, colored red or red-orange, sometimes darker, ovoid, elliptical or pitcher-shaped. Vitamin C in dry fruits contains from 3,900 to 20,500 mg%.

Rosehip Turkestan(R. turkestanica). The fruits are bristly, sometimes glabrous, spherical or oval-spherical in shape, painted red or orange-red. Fruit diameter 0.8-1.2 cm; the pulp is edible, sweet, thick. Vitamin C in dry fruits contains from 2,000 to 2,700 mg%.

Rosehip shield(R. corymbifera). The fruits are dark red or brownish red; spherical or ovoid-spherical in shape, often flattened at the top, up to 4.5-5 cm in diameter, the flesh is thick, sweet. Vitamin C in dry fruits contains from 400 to 1,600 mg%.

Rosehip Daurian(R. daurica). Strongly branched, upright shrub up to 1.4-1.6 m high, with smooth thin branches and with thorns (two at the base of the branches); leaves about seven leaflets, oblong or narrowly elliptical; flowers are large, dark pink. The fruits are red, smooth, spherical or oblong, ovoid, with remaining sepals. Fruit diameter 0.9-1.6 cm.

Rosehip loose(R. laxa). Shrub up to 2 m high; the trunk is arched with strong but rare spines; leaves glabrous, grayish-green, elliptical with teeth; flowers in corymbs almost white or pale pink. The fruits are usually smooth, spherical or elliptical in shape with a lagging calyx. Fruit diameter 1.6-1.9 cm.

It grows wild in Central Asia (mountainous regions), in Western Siberia, in Altai along the banks of rivers, lakes, forest edges, meadows. Widespread in Mongolia.

The pulp of dry fruits contains vitamin C from 2.20 to 14.05% and carotene 5-7 mg%.

Rosehip wrinkled(R. rugosa). Shrub 1-2.1 m high with thin straight spines and needle-like spines; leaves rounded, elliptical, wrinkled, pubescent below; flowers are large, red, dark red, rarely white. The fruits are bright-crowned, fleshy, large, spherical with straight sepals. The dry pulp of the fruit contains up to 6.52% vitamin C. The plant is cold-resistant. Grows wildly in the Far. East, Sakhalin, Kamchatka, grows in Northern China, Korea, Japan. It has great decorative value.

Rose hips hololifolia(R. glabrifolia). Shrub up to 1.5-2.1 m high; a species close to cinnamon rosehip, with upright protruding branches; subulate spines or bristles cover the shoots. Leaves with 5-7 leaflets; flowers are reddish-pink. The fruits are bright red, large, up to 2.5 cm long, pear-shaped, elliptical, sometimes spherical in shape.

It grows along the edges of the forest, among shrubs, in the steppe floodplain meadows of the European part of the USSR and Western Siberia. Vitamin C is found in fruits from 2,000 to 2,900 mg%.

Rosehip Silvershelm(R. Silverhselmii). The fruits are naked, red, small, 0.7-0.9 cm in diameter; spherical or pitcher-spherical shape (with a hole in the (upper part). Vitamin C in dry fruits contains from 2,800 to 6,200 Mg%.

Briar Schrenk(R. Schrenkiana). The fruits are red, ovoid, up to 1.5-2 cm in diameter. Vitamin C contains 2000-2400 mg%.

Rosehip large-fruited(R. megaloearpa). The fruits are red, naked, very large, 4-6 cm long; oval or oval-spherical in shape, have edible, sweet, thick pulp; yield up to 900-950 kg per 1 ha, Vitamin C in dry fruits contains 6400-6800 mg%.

Rosehip broad-thorn(R. plataycantha). The fruits are brown or black-violet; spherical in shape or flattened from above with inedible, woody, hard pulp. Fruit diameter is from 1 to 2 cm. Vitamin C in dry fruits contains 70-160 mg%, and tannins 8%.

Rosehip prickly(spiny) (R. spinosissima). Shrub 0.7 to 2 m high; branches erect, abundantly covered with straight, thin spines and cones; leaves with 5-11 leaflets; flowers solitary, white or white-yellowish. The fruits are brown-reddish or reddish-black in color. They sit on long legs. The length of the fruit is 0.6-1.5 cm. The shape of the fruit is spherical or flattened-spherical with inedible woody pulp, which has a pronounced astringency - astringent taste due to the high content of tannins (5-7.2% by dry weight).

Yields are often very good; vitamin C contains from 2.12 to 2.84% by dry weight.

wild rose(dog) (R. canina). Branchy tall shrub with curved, sparse thorns with single flowers of pale pink or white. It grows wild in the European part of the USSR both in the middle and southern zones, in the Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Central Asia, along deforestation, shrubs, forest edges, in light forests, along river banks, along slopes.

The fruits are smooth, fleshy, light or bright red, spherical or oval-spherical elongated-oval; the pulp is sweet, edible, thick. The sepals fall off before maturation. The content of the pulp in relation to the weight of the dry fruit is 54.9-65%; seed content 35.0-45.1%. The fruits of this type of wild rose are a weak source of vitamin C. The content of ascorbic acid in the fruit pulp is usually extremely limited - from 0 to 0.95% and carotene 3.8-12.9 mg%.

Rosehip apple(R. pomifera). Gives very large fruits, up to 3 cm long, rounded, rarely ovoid (sepals remain with the fruit). The dry pulp of the fruits of vitamin C contains from 1.15 to 1.25%. This type is most suitable for the manufacture of food and flavoring products (compotes, jams and other products).

• Bloom: in May-June from one to three weeks.
• Landing: best in October-November, but also possible in spring.
• Lighting: bright sunlight.
• The soil: fertile, well-drained, in areas with deep groundwater.
• Watering: the first year - frequent and plentiful, later - 3-4 times per season with a water consumption of 2-3 buckets for each bush.
• top dressing: from the second year of life in trunk circle nitrogen fertilizers are applied: in early spring, in June-July and in September. In spring or autumn, 3-4 kg of humus or compost should be applied under each bush.
• pruning: from the age of three in early spring, until the buds have blossomed, they carry out sanitary and formative pruning.
• reproduction: seeds, root suckers.
• Pests: sawflies, aphids, leafhoppers (slobbering pennits), spider mites, leafworms, bronze beetles and deer beetles.
• Diseases: powdery mildew, black spot, rust, chlorosis and downy mildew.
• Properties: is a medicinal plant, the fruits of which are used as a tonic, tonic, increasing the body's resistance infectious diseases and an atherosclerosis-reducing agent.

Read more about growing rose hips below.

Rosehip bush - description

Rosehip - deciduous, and sometimes evergreen shrub with climbing, creeping or erect stems with a height (or length) from 15 cm to 10 m. Usually wild roses are multi-stemmed shrubs up to 2-3 m tall, surviving up to 30-50 years. The oldest rose grows in Germany: according to various estimates, its age is from 400 to 1000 years, the girth of its trunk is about 50 cm, and this plant is 13 m high.

The root system of wild roses is pivotal. The main rose hip root penetrates the ground to a depth of 5 m, but the bulk of the roots lie at least 40 cm within a radius of 60-80 cm from the bush. The branches of wild roses are erect and arcuate. They form numerous branched shoots: dark brown, dark red, purple-brown, brown-red, black-brown or gray with felt pubescence. Thorns on shoots and branches are scattered or in pairs. The younger the shoots, the softer and thinner the thorns on them. There are also thornless species, for example, wild rose hips. The thorns serve to protect the plant from being eaten by animals, as well as to hold the branches among other plants.

Long-petiolate, odd-pinnate rosehip leaves, reddish, bluish or green, arranged spirally on the shoots. Cultivated species of wild rose usually have five leaves, while wild ones have seven or nine. The shape of hard, leathery, smooth or wrinkled leaves can be round or elliptical, their base is rounded, heart-shaped or wedge-shaped. The edges of the leaflets are serrated, serrate-crenate or doubly serrate.

Rosehip flowers, bisexual, from 1.5 to 10 cm in diameter, solitary or collected in corymbs and panicles, have a pleasant aroma, although there are species with an unpleasant odor, for example, fetid wild rose. The corolla of the flower is five-petal, sometimes four-petal or semi-double, yellow, white, cream, pink or red. Flowering begins in May-June and lasts from one to three weeks.

Rose hips begin to bear fruit at the age of two or three. Rose hips - a special form of polynuts (tsinarodiya) 1-1.5 cm in diameter, orange, red, purple, and sometimes black, naked or covered with bristles, coarsely hairy inside, filled with numerous one-seeded nuts - ripen in August or September.

Planting wild rose in open ground

When to plant rose hips in the ground

Rosehip seedlings take root better during autumn planting, so they are planted in October or November, but if necessary, you can plant a plant in the spring. Rosehip prefers well-lit places on hills. Since the roots of the wild rose penetrate the ground to a great depth, in low-lying, saline or marshy areas, and also where ground water lie close to the surface, it will quickly wither away. acidic soils a year before planting the wild rose should be limed.

Rose hips are attractive both in solo and group plantings. A rosehip bush can disguise a compost heap or an unprepossessing outbuilding. A prickly plant is also planted along the border of a personal plot. Since rosehip is a cross-pollinated plant, its bushes should be located close to each other.

How to plant a wild rose

The best planting material is two-year-old rosehip seedlings, in which the main roots are shortened to 25 cm before planting, and the shoots are cut at a height of 10 cm.

landing pit for wild rose in pre-fertilized soil, it should be about 30 cm in diameter and depth, but if the site for planting was not prepared, then the pits are made wider (50-80 cm) and deeper (40-50 cm) in order to fill them when planting mixed with humus (10 kg per plant) soil with the addition of 150-200 g of superphosphate, 30-50 g of potassium salt and 60-70 g ammonium nitrate. If you are planting wild rose for a hedge, then the distance between the bushes should be 50 cm. In other cases, it is better to keep a distance of about 1 m. For normal pollination, it is advisable to plant bushes of at least three different varieties on the site.

The root system of the seedling is immersed in a clay mash, then lowered into the pit so that the root neck is 5-8 cm below the surface, and the pit is covered with fertile fertilized soil. After planting, the surface is lightly tamped, 8-10 liters of water are poured under the seedling, and after the water is absorbed, the area around the seedling is mulched with humus, sawdust or peat chips.

Rosehip care in the garden

How to grow a wild rose

The first year after planting, the plant needs frequent and abundant watering. In general, the rosehip culture is drought-resistant and does not require constant moisture, it is enough to pour 2-3 buckets of water under a young bush in hot, dry weather, and about 5 buckets under a fruit-bearing bush. During the season, rose hips are watered only 3-4 times.

For normal growth and development from the second year of life, nitrogen fertilizers must be applied under the wild rose. The first top dressing is carried out in early spring, the second - in June-July, during the rapid growth of shoots, and the third - in September. In the future, every three years, at least 3 kg of humus or compost should be applied under each bush. After each top dressing, the soil under the bush should be watered and loosened, and then mulched.

From the age of three, they begin to cut the dogrose, removing diseased, weak or shrunken shoots, and shortening annual growths to 170-180 cm. At the age of five, the bush should consist of 15-20 branches of different ages, evenly spaced from each other. Branches that have reached the age of seven must be replaced. Pruning is carried out in early spring, before the start of sap flow, since the rosehip does not tolerate autumn pruning well. Do not get too carried away with shortening the shoots, otherwise next year you will get a lot of young shoots, which, alas, will not bear fruit.

Because of its prickly thorns, you need to collect rose hips in durable clothes and thick mittens. The fruits begin to ripen in August, and this process continues until mid-October, so harvesting at one time will not work. The last fruits must be removed from the bush before the start of frost, otherwise they may lose their properties.

Rosehip transplant

Sometimes it becomes necessary to transplant the wild rose to another place. The reason may be impoverished soil or initially incorrect choice places for plants. repot rosehip better in spring or in October-November. Prepare a hole and fertile soil for the plant in advance. Having chosen a cloudy day, carefully dig a bush, loosen the ground, pull out the plant along with an earthen clod, trying not to damage the roots, and immediately move it to a new hole: rosehip roots do not tolerate heat well, so the longer they are on the surface, the less likely it is, that the bush will successfully take root.

Sometimes readers ask if it is possible to transplant a flowering wild rose. Experienced gardeners do not recommend doing this: rose hips are transplanted either before the start of sap flow, or after it is completed.

Rosehip breeding

For seed propagation of wild rose, seeds are harvested from unripe brown fruits in August, while the seed coat has not yet hardened. Seeds are sown in autumn, in October, directly into the ground, the grooves are sprinkled with humus and sawdust. In early spring, a frame is installed over the crops and pulled over it polyethylene film so that the seeds germinate faster. When the seedlings have a pair of true leaves, they can be seated.

For spring sowing, it is advisable to stratify the seeds, that is, mix them with peat or river sand and place in the refrigerator at a temperature of 2-3 ºC, taking out and stirring from time to time.

If you want to be sure to preserve the signs of the mother plant, use the method of propagating wild rose by root offspring. For this purpose, in spring or autumn, you need to choose an offspring 25-40 cm high, separate it from the bush with a shovel and plant it. It is possible, without separating the offspring, to spud it high, water it and periodically pour earth under it: adventitious roots are formed in the offspring, and next year, in the fall, it can be separated from the mother bush, and next spring carefully dig and transplant to a new place.

Pests and diseases of wild rose

sawfly larvae descending and white-girdle bite into the young shoots of wild rose and make passages up to 4 cm long inside them, which makes the shoots darken and dry. Destroy the larvae with pesticides and insecticides. In autumn, the soil around the bushes is dug up so that the sawfly caterpillars are on the surface and freeze, and the affected shoots are cut and burned until the larvae emerge from them.

Caterpillars of fruit and three types of rose leaf damage young leaves and shoots of wild rose. With a small number of them, it is better to collect the caterpillars with your hands. In the spring, before bud break, the wild rose is treated with a pesticide solution.

Spider mites- sucking insects that feed on the cell sap of the leaves and shoots of wild rose. In addition, they, like aphids, tolerate incurable viral diseases. Ticks infest on plants prolonged drought, especially if you are not in a hurry to water the wild rose. You can try to expel the mites by spraying the underside of the leaves 3-4 times a day with cold water, and they can only be destroyed with acaricidal preparations.

slobber penny located on the underside of the leaves and in their axils, sucking the juices from the plant and releasing a foamy substance. When touched by a pest, it quickly jumps out of the foam and hides. The fight against pennitsa is carried out with a solution of an insecticidal preparation.

pink cicada, giving 2-3 generations in a season, causes great harm to wild rose: the leaves of the plant become covered with white dots, become like marble, lose their decorative effect, then turn yellow and fall prematurely. Pests can be destroyed by two or three treatments of the wild rose and the surrounding area with an insecticidal preparation with an interval of 10-12 days.

rose aphid settles on the plant in large colonies located on the underside of the leaves, peduncles and buds. Aphids, like spider mites, suck juices from plants and infect them with viral diseases. In one year, aphids can give more than 10 generations. To prevent the emergence and spread dangerous pest, in early spring, wild rose is treated with a contact insecticide. Subsequently, preparations such as Karbofos, Actellik, Rogor, Antio and the like are used to treat bushes.

Deer beetles and bronzovka they eat out stamens and pistils in rosehip flowers, eat petals. Plants affected the most by light flowers. Beetles are collected in the early morning, while they sit motionless on the flowers. After collection, the pests are destroyed.

Of the diseases, rose hips most often affect powdery mildew, black spot, rust, chlorosis and peronosporosis.

What is powdery mildew you can read in a detailed article posted on our website. In the fight against powdery mildew, a one percent suspension of colloidal sulfur and other fungicidal preparations are used. Rosehip resistance to powdery mildew and other diseases is increased by potash fertilizers.

black spot manifests itself as black-brown spots on the leaves and petioles of wild rose in the second half of summer. With severe damage, the leaves darken, dry and fall off. To stop the development of the disease, cut off the diseased shoots, tear off and burn the affected leaves, and dig the soil around the bushes with a layer turnover. Treat rose hips with insecticides in autumn and spring.

Rust looks like a dusty mass of spores and small orange-yellow pads on the underside of the leaves. With the development of the disease, the leaves of the plant dry out, and the flowers, shoots and stems are deformed. The diseased parts of the wild rose must be removed and burned, the soil under the bush should be dug up, and before shelter for the winter, the bush is sprayed with copper sulphate or any other copper-containing preparation. During the growing season, wild rose is treated with a copper-soap solution.

due to chlorosis rosehip leaves appear white or yellow spots. The reason for this phenomenon lies in the deficiency of magnesium, boron, zinc, manganese, iron or other elements necessary for the plant. For example, from a lack of iron, chlorotic coloration appears throughout the leaf, except for large veins, and the lesion begins with young apical leaves. If the soil lacks zinc, then chlorosis spreads along the edge of the leaves, and along the central and lateral veins, the leaf remains green. From a lack of magnesium, the leaves turn yellow and die, but the veins remain green. Boron deficiency causes thickening of the tissue of young leaves, in addition, they become pale and brittle. Determine the cause of chlorosis and apply to the soil necessary element. You can treat the rosehip with a solution of trace elements on the leaves.

Peronosporosis, or downy mildew, is one of the most dangerous diseases. We dedicated a separate article to it, which you can read on the website. The disease develops in hot rainy weather. It is necessary to fight it with fungicidal preparations and agricultural practices.

Types and varieties of wild rose

At present, the rosehip classification is used, subdividing the genus into four subgenera: three of them are very small, consisting of 1-2 species that stand out from common system, and the fourth is the subgenus Rosa, containing 10 sections and 135 species. We offer you an introduction to the most common garden culture species and varieties of wild rose.

Rosehip alpine (Rosa alpina)

or drooping wild rose (Rosa pendulina) grows in the mountains of central Europe and is a shrub no more than 1 m high, devoid of thorns. It has bright and large flowers on long pedicels that droop immediately after the petals fall, and long dark red spindle-shaped fruits hanging on the bush like earrings. Both pedicels and fruits are covered with long glandular bristles, giving the plant a unique look.

Rosehip May (Rosa cinnamomea)

or rosehip cinnamon (Rosa majalis) - the most common type of wild rose for Ukraine and the European part of Russia, covered in May-June with large pale and bright pink flowers. This wild rose is very variable: it can reach a height of 2.5-3 m, and can grow up to only 1 m, forming sparse thickets that occupy large areas. A characteristic feature of the species are thin paired thorns on flowering shoots and stems densely covered with small needle-like thorns. In group plantings, the terry frost-resistant form of the species with purple-pink flowers looks spectacular.

Rose hips (Rosa acicularis)

grows singly or in groups in the northern regions of Europe, Asia and America and is a shrub 1-2 m high with arcuate bristles and shoots densely covered with a large number of thin numerous thorns. The flowers of this species are large, pink or dark pink, single or collected in 2-3 pieces. The fruits are red, oblong. The species is frost-resistant, adapts well to urban conditions, relatively shade-tolerant, suitable for hedges and as a rootstock for cultivars.

Rosehip wrinkled (Rosa rugosa)

or wild rose rugosa grows in Korea, Northern China and the Far East in thickets on sea coasts and coastal meadows and is a shrub up to 2.5 m high with strongly wrinkled, sometimes glossy leaves, consisting of 5-9 leaflets with gray-green pubescence on the underside . Single or collected in inflorescences of 3-8 pieces, fragrant flowers from 6 to 12 cm in diameter, depending on the variety, can be simple or double with the number of white or pink petals from 5 to 150. This wild rose blooms all summer, so you can see buds, flowers, and fruits at the same time. Most famous varieties of this type are:

• Pink Grootendorst- a shrub 1.5 m high with a pyramidal spreading crown, shiny wrinkled light green leaves and pale pink densely double flowers 3-4 cm in diameter with petals carved along the edges. The inflorescences of this variety are similar to bouquets of carnations;
• Grootendorst Supreme- a variety with dark crimson double flowers;
• Conrad Ferdinand Meyer- a variety that blooms twice a season with densely double, bright, silver-pink fragrant flowers;
• Hanza- a bush with fragrant reddish-purple double flowers with a diameter of 8-10 cm;
• Agnes- wild rose with fragrant creamy-yellow double flowers with a diameter of 7-8 cm with a darker middle;
• Georges Ken- a bush with very fragrant, large cupped semi-double flowers of dark red color.

Rose hips (Rosa spinosissima)

or rose hip (Rosa pimpinellifolia) grows in the Crimea, the Caucasus, Western Europe, Eastern and Western Siberia, Central Asia and the European part of Russia on forest edges and glades, in hollows, on lime deposits and in forests. This is a small but very prickly shrub with thin thorns not only on the shoots, but also on the petioles of the leaves, with small graceful foliage, green in summer and purple in autumn, with solitary white or yellowish flowers up to 5 cm in diameter and spherical black fruits up to 5 cm in diameter. 1.5 cm. The species has many cultural variations and forms, it is frost-resistant, not very demanding on the soil, and adapts well to urban conditions. The best varieties types are:

• Golden Wings- bush 1.5-1.8 m high with simple or semi-double pale yellow flowers 5-6 cm in diameter;
• Frühlingsdaft- a plant up to 2 m high with fragrant peach flowers, single or in inflorescences, and red-brown spiny shoots;
• Fryulingsmorgen- a variety with pale yellow simple but fragrant flowers with pink edging of the petals;
• Karl Foerster- a variety with large white double flowers with a high center and a subtle aroma;
• Prairie Yurs- a variety with pale pink large semi-double flowers;
• Schloss Seutlitz- a plant with yellowish-cream semi-double flowers with a diameter of 7-8 cm with a weak aroma.

Dog rosehip (Rosa canina)

or wild rose native to Southern and Central Europe, Western Asia and North Africa, where it grows in small groups or singly in bushes, along ravines, river banks and forest edges. This shrub reaches a height of 3 m. It has sprawling arcuate branches with powerful, curved spikes, small leaves consisting of 5-7 greenish or bluish, serrate leaflets along the edges, pale pink flowers up to 5 cm in diameter, collected in multi-flowered inflorescences, and smooth elongated oval or round fruits of bright red color up to 2 cm in diameter. This species has an average winter hardiness, but it is the best stock for varietal roses.

Rose hips (Rosa rubiginosa)

or rosehip rusty red from Western Europe, where it grows in ravines, on forest edges, on rocky slopes in thickets of shrubs. This is a densely branched multi-stemmed shrub up to half a meter high with a compact crown and prickly hook-shaped thorns. Its leaves, like all wild roses, are pinnate, consisting of 5-7 small leaves, slightly pubescent on the upper side and glandular, rusty on the lower side. The flowers of plants of this species are up to 3 cm in diameter, red or pink, simple or semi-double, solitary or collected in dense corymbs. The fruits are red, hemispherical.

French rosehip (Rosa gallica)

- upright shrub up to half a meter high with leaves up to 12.5 cm long, consisting of 3-5 large leathery dark green leaves, lighter on the underside and covered with glandular pubescence. The flowers of this species are large, simple or double, single or collected in inflorescences of 2-3 flowers, painted in tones from dark pink to bright red. The fruits are spherical, up to 1.5 cm in diameter. The species is generally winter-hardy, but sometimes in the middle lane it suffers from frost. In culture, such garden forms of the species are known:

• medicinal - a plant similar to the main species, but with double flowers;
• thornless - a form with double flowers, devoid of thorns;
• changeable - the color of the petals on one flower varies from dark red-pink on the outer petals to dark purple in the middle;
• dwarf - miniature plant with simple red flowers;
• brilliant - a form with semi-double or simple flowers of carmine color;
• pubescent - a plant with flowers of a purple-red hue, rounded leaves, pedicels, shoots and sepals of which are densely covered with bristles;
• Agatha is not a form with such large, double purple flowers as the main species.

The most popular varieties of French rose hips are:

• Complicated- a variety with simple, not very fragrant bright pink flowers up to 10 cm in diameter with a white center;
• Versicolor- a plant that has almost no smell, with semi-double light pink flowers with a diameter of 8-10 cm, covered with brighter strokes and spots, and with light green matte leaves.

Rose hips (Rosa glauca)

or wild rose red-leaved - a beautiful park shrub that grows wild in the mountains of Asia Minor, Central and South-Eastern Europe. It reaches a height of 2-3 m, it has thin, slightly curved or straight spines. Leaves consisting of 7-9 elliptical leaflets, shoots and stipules of the bluish rosehip are covered with a bluish bloom with a red-violet tint. Flowers up to 3.5 cm in diameter, single or collected in inflorescences up to 3 pieces, painted in bright pink. Cherry fruits, rounded, up to 1.5 cm in diameter. The species has winter hardiness, drought resistance, tolerates calcareous soils and urban conditions. The form of flora plento is distinguished by double flowers of a lighter shade, contrastingly standing out against the background of foliage.

In addition to the described species, in the culture you can find white, bourbon, smelly, or yellow, damask, dahurian, Chinese, Kokand, Maksimovich, multi-flowered, moss, musky, Portland, centipedal, apple, or hairy rose hips, Elena and many others.

Rosehip properties - harm and benefit

Useful properties of wild rose

The fruits of most types of rose hips contain a large amount of vitamin C: they contain 10 times more than blackcurrants, 50 times more than lemons, and 60-70 times more than juniper, fir, pine or spruce needles. . The highest content of ascorbic acid in Begger's rose hips. In addition to vitamin C, the fruit contains vitamins B1, B2, B6, E, K, PP, carotene, tannins and dyes, apple and citric acid, sugars, phytoncides, essential oils, as well as potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, calcium, copper, chromium, cobalt, molybdenum and manganese.

Rosehip flowers contain essential oil, organic acids, glycosides (bitters and saponins), sugars, fatty oils, flavonoids, tannins, wax, ascorbic acid, anthocyanins (peonidin, cyanidin, peonin). Most essential oil contained in the petals of wild rose wrinkled. Rosehip oil has an anti-inflammatory, bactericidal and astringent effect, it stimulates the regeneration of mucous membranes and damaged tissues, so it is often used for trophic ulcers, cracks, abrasions and dermatosis.

The leaves, in addition to vitamin C, contain catechins, flavonoids, tannins, phenolcarboxylic acids and their derivatives. Carotenoids and polysaccharides were found in the leaves of the May rosehip, and essential oil was found in the leaves of the blood-red rosehip.

Rosehip branches contain saponins, catechins, vitamin P, flavonoids, the bark contains sorbitol, and the roots contain tannins, catechins, flavonoids, triterpenoids.

Rose hips cleanse the circulatory system, improve metabolism, they are indicated for scurvy, anemia, diseases of the liver, kidneys and bladder. They are used as a tonic, tonic, which increases the body's resistance to infectious diseases and weakens the development of atherosclerosis: 2 tablespoons of crushed fruits are poured into 500 ml of water, boiled for 15 minutes over low heat, then wrapped and left overnight, and filtered in the morning. Taken with honey as a tea during the day.

A decoction of the roots and fruits of wild rose is a choleretic, multivitamin, weak diuretic and lowering blood pressure. It helps to strengthen the vascular wall, the production of red blood cells, improves appetite.

Rosehip juice normalizes the activity of the liver, kidneys, stomach, removes toxins from the body, increases resistance to infections, normalizes blood circulation, activates metabolic processes, improves memory, stimulates sexual activity, relieves headache. It is a powerful antioxidant, which also perfectly quenches thirst.

Rosehip - contraindications

Alcoholic rosehip tincture is not recommended for people with increased blood pressure: they will help hypotensive patients much more, and water infusions of the plant are shown to hypertensive patients, which, on the contrary, are contraindicated for people with low blood pressure.

Rosehip is not useful for those who have impaired blood flow. With long-term use of rosehip preparations, you may develop liver problems, as they inhibit the flow of bile. It is not safe for people with chronic constipation to take rose hips because they can make the problem worse.

Any rosehip preparations are contraindicated for those whose body is prone to thrombosis. Cores should be careful: with endocarditis and other diseases, taking rosehip preparations in large quantities may cause complications.

People with dermatological problems should consult a doctor before using rose hips and its preparations.