Basic rules and features of caring for roses in spring. What care for roses do you need after winter? All the secrets of proper care of rose bushes after winter frosts

Question: Last year, she “won” a piece of land from the garden and, in spite of all the circumstances of today’s life, she planted roses, made a corner for relaxation: the soul is tired of worries, it asks for beauty. In winter, they do not seem to have disappeared, now the concern is how to prepare for the summer?

YES. Drogotnev, Vinnitsa

Answer:: Winter is gone and is about to close the door tightly behind it, at least there will be no more severe frosts. This will be the signal to start work in the rose garden: the bushes of the queen of flowers really need to be prepared for heat.

You should start with a simple one: remove last year's leaves and earth from their bases, which were covered from frost since autumn. Then you need to carefully examine the habit of the bushes.

Pruning roses in spring

The main concern is to first remove all shoots that thicken the middle, as well as broken and frozen ones.

If in the fall you managed to shorten the shoots a little, which managed to overtake the bulk of the branches in growth, now we cut off not only the tops, but also the extra buds, leaving no more than 3-4 on each bush below, which will turn into shoots and new flowers over the summer.

To the base, try to also cut out all the thin and unripe branches. When doing this work, try to keep the cut slanted inward and the top bud at the top of the cut outward.
If you want powerful bushes to grow and form, and large flowers, do not leave tall shoots.

Unfortunately, when we take up a secateurs in the spring, we often forget about these common truths: it becomes a pity to remove an extra bud, shoots that are not mature or prevent their fellow neighbors from “breathing”. As a result, we get an inexpressive bush with small flowers.

In this regard, I think it is worth recalling that there are three types of pruning. First of all, strong. With it, the main shoots are cut off almost at ground level. It is done after 3-4 kidneys. After it, the bushes become no more than 12-15 cm high. This is how you should cut the bushes that you decide to plant this season, as well as old hybrid teas that require rejuvenation.

Moderate pruning is practiced if you need to cut the shoots to the middle, each on different levels. It is this pruning that gives in the summer a spherical strong bush, completely covered with abundant flowers.

Pruning roses in spring video

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How to feed roses in spring

The second thing that can be done now is the reasonable feeding of rose bushes. Experienced flower growers it is advised to carry out this work with the utmost care, tk. afraid of damaging the roots.
The fact is that, when starting work, they make a small depression in the center of the bush (it is important not to expose the roots!), After which they fill the hole with a mixture of fertile soil with sifted old humus or granulated chicken manure, with the addition of mineral fertilizers. Then water well. warm water and cover everything from above with dry earth.

Having fed the rose garden, you can be sure that your roses have been fed for at least 1.5-2 months.

You cannot overfeed them. Otherwise, powerful blind shoots will go, which will not give flowers, and the bush will be weakened.

How to deal with rose pests

It is also very important to take into account that with the advent of heat (already at the first sunny days) wake up under the bark of dozens of roses various types pests. There are such voracious ones among them that they are able not only to destroy the first buds and flowers, but also to push back the flowering of bushes for two weeks, or even more. Roses suffer from all kinds of beetles, bark beetles, hawks, miners and other pests that like it if we forget about them, thereby creating sanitary conditions for them in the rose garden.

Meanwhile, life shows that already in April it is necessary to spray rose bushes 2-3 times with solutions of various insecticides that any specialized store can offer. Some bugs will have to be harvested by hand to prevent them from "conquering" your rose garden. Roses will respond to such care with beauty.

Rose pest control video

We consider when it is possible to open roses in the spring after winter and how to properly remove the shelter. We describe care in the spring after removal winter shelter: how to treat from diseases and pests, pruning and top dressing.

And also, what problems can there be and how to save roses (resuscitation), plus the tricks of experienced flower growers.

It is very important to know when you can open roses in the spring, because their future fate and our mood depend on it.

Early removal of the shelter is fraught with damage to the kidneys by spring frosts, and with late opening, there is a high risk of rot and blackening of the bush (damping).

Therefore, it is better to remove the winter shelter of a rose in the spring, when the earth thaws 35-50 cm deep and stable positive temperatures are established during the day, and at night there are slight frosts. Dates for opening roses: approximately April 10-20 (Moscow region, middle lane).

When to open roses after winter in the Moscow region, Siberia and the Urals?

• Moscow region and Middle lane: approximately April 10-20.
• Ural: around April 15-25.
• Siberia: around April 20-30.

Bushes that were covered only with boxes, boxes or spruce branches are also opened at this time.

How to save roses from decay?

The main danger for roses in spring is not frost, but aging. Unfortunately, there are situations when, even with the right shelter of roses for the winter, after opening them in the spring, after a while the green shoots turn black, fade, and the flower itself dies.

It is the very process of spring opening of roses that is key point for the further successful development of flowers, and the main cause of plant death is decay. The bush begins to be affected by rot, either due to untimely or incorrect removal of winter shelter.

Frozen (black) and undergrown (olive) rose shoots in the spring after opening

How to properly remove the winter shelter and care for roses in the spring

As soon as warm days come, roses come out of dormancy, which is expressed by swelling of the buds. At the same time, frozen soil remains under the air-dry shelter, and the roots are still asleep.

Airing roses under winter shelter

1. As soon as it starts to warm up (beginning - mid-March) and the top of the winter frame shelter is exposed (air-dry method), throw snow on it. And also sprinkle snow on top of a ground cover, climbing or standard rose. The snow protects the flowers from day/night temperature fluctuations and also gives them shade.
2. In mid-March - early April, remove snow from each shelter, and make ditches to prevent stagnant water from melting. Be sure to ventilate the flowers, to do this, open the shelter on both sides for 20-30 minutes, and then leave small gaps on the sides.
   And if the weather is already warm and there is almost no snow left, then you can leave one side open.
3. After 7-10 days (end of March - mid-April), it usually becomes noticeably warmer, there is almost no snow, and the roses need to be ventilated again and prepared for full opening. Open and leave one or two sides on the sides of the shelter for ventilation.
   Climbing, standard, miniature and ground cover species need an additional procedure. As a rule, they were heaped with soil and covered with sawdust, leaves or spruce branches for the winter, which became compacted and therefore need to be loosened around the bush. Then cover again with covering material, but leave a gap around the edges so that they “breathe”.
4. After 5-7 days (beginning - end of April), open the frame shelter from the east or north side.
5. After 2-3 days (beginning - mid-April - Moscow region, Middle lane), open the roses completely and rake the leaves from the ground.
   Trim broken, dry, or frost-damaged stems plus dark tips to a healthy green part (cosmetic pruning).
   Then they are sprayed against diseases and pests, spud and shaded with spruce branches (branches of other trees) or thin agrofibre, lutrasil or fabric.
   Shading will help the flower get used to the new conditions, save it from sunburn and developmental delays (the stems are ready to grow, and the roots are still sleeping in the frozen ground).
6. After 10-15 days (late April - mid-May), when the risk of spring frost has passed, the shading is removed and the main formative pruning of the rose is made (each group has its own rules). By this time, it is more clearly visible which shoots have successfully overwintered, and which have any problems.
   Then they are re-treated from diseases and pests (copper-containing preparations - copper oxychloride, copper sulfate, etc.).
   They feed (mullein infusion 1:10 - liquid top dressing or complex mineral fertilizer- sprinkle on the surface of the earth) and watered with warm water (10-15 liters per bush - along with top dressing).

EXPLANATION AND ADVICE

• Approximate terms are indicated for all CIS countries (Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine and other countries). And also for the regions of the Russian Federation (Moscow region, North-West, Middle lane, Ural, Siberia, Kuban).
  Because even in one climate zone spring can come every year in different time. Especially in last years, there are often abnormal cold snaps or premature warming with late frosts. Therefore, keep an eye on the weather forecast.
• High humidity under winter shelter leads to the appearance of various fungal diseases and rot, so ventilation is vital.
• Remove cover in the evening or on a quiet overcast day, as the sun's rays can burn the shoots, and the wind can dry them out as they have been in high humidity for a long time.
• Roses should not be fully opened in spring at once, even in warm weather, since there is a high probability of night frosts, and during the day it blows strong wind and the sun burns.
  Such conditions are unfavorable for overwintered shoots and can lead to drying or blackening, they need time to adapt to the open air after winter shelter.
• If frosts are approaching (often even in May), and the winter shelter is completely removed, then cover the plants with lutrasil, spunbond or agrofibre so that the awakened buds do not suffer. Florists of the Moscow region, the North-West, the Urals and Siberia need to be especially careful.

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• Climbing (stamp) roses can be raised on supports only when stable heat sets in, so that in case of a severe cold snap they can be quickly covered with covering material.
  However, immediately after the start of shoot growth, the bushes need to be tied up in such a way that young shoots can be easily damaged later. In addition, they will grow incorrectly, and reduce decorativeness.
• It is better to cover hybrid tea varieties after removing the air-dry winter shelter along the frame with a film to protect against frost in the spring, accelerate growth and flowering.

Pruning roses in spring

Try to have time to prune before the buds fully open.

Floribunda and hybrid tea varieties

Shorten the shoots by 1/3. Annual pruning in spring.

ground covers

These varieties are pruned every 4-5 years by 13-18 cm.

Repair shrub roses

It is necessary to remove old, frozen shoots, or growing inside, otherwise the bush will be thick.

Repair climbing roses

Young shoots are shortened to healthy tissue with a white core (3-5 buds) and, older than six years and weak ones are cut off completely.

Treatment of roses in the spring from diseases and pests

1. When dismantling the winter shelter (5th point in the instructions), after cosmetic pruning, completely free the bushes from winter hilling.
   To do this, carefully rake the soil, especially delicately near the root collar (grafting site).
   Then wipe it with a cloth and rinse with a soft brush (brush) - 1% solution blue vitriol(10 g per liter of water), iodine (1 ml per 400 ml of water) or potassium permanganate (1 g per 4 liters of water).
2. During the 6th point after the main spring pruning re-treat for diseases and pests.

• Folk remedies and fungicides, see the article: "". It describes in detail how to treat roses in the spring from diseases and pests.
• In hot and dry spring, you need to carefully monitor the appearance of ( , ). As soon as you find them, take immediate action. See the links below and in the general article: "".
• Sometimes climbing rose diseases can affect near the base of the bush, and from above it will be absolutely healthy. In this situation, cuttings with 4-5 buds can be cut, treated with growth stimulants and planted in soil mix- three buds in the substrate, and two on top. Then cover with a jar or bottle and shade: 40-60% usually take root.

Possible problems with roses in the spring after opening

What to do with freezers?

When roses open in the spring, sometimes there are frost holes on their shoots - this is a damaged area on the stem from frozen water that has flowed into a scratch or crack on the bark.

If it is large and right next to the vaccination site, the shoot needs to be cut off, and if it is small, then you can try to cure it.

Wash the crack with a soft brush with a solution of iodine (1 ml per 400 ml of water), potassium permanganate (1 g per 4 liters of water) or water with copper sulfate (10 g per liter). Cover with garden pitch or apply plantain, and glue a medical plaster on top.

• Frostbite must be removed or treated, otherwise there is a high probability of the appearance of fungal diseases that will eventually affect the entire bush.

Morozoboina

How to deal with mold on roses? What to do in case of fading?

After a belated removal of cover, rose shoots are often black with mold. The appearance of mold is greatly facilitated by the lack of processing of the flower in the fall. iron vitriol or copper-containing preparations with the addition of soap for better adhesion.

Bushes that were pressed to the ground for the winter with shelter from insulation materials. The reason is the same high humidity due to lack of ventilation during the spring thaw or late opening.

Remove the mold, and gently wash the bush with fungicides.

Mold on a rose in the spring after removing the winter shelter

Infectious burn

The disease is manifested by such symptoms: reddened areas in the center of the shoot, gradually darkening and increasing in size.

With early detection, when the spots are small, cut them out to a healthy area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe tissue, treat with garlic gruel. Then attach the plantain, and stick a medical plaster on top.

If the spot is large - the shoot is ringed, then cut it completely immediately to save the bush from the spread of the disease.

Infectious burn on a rose

INTERESTING

Hybrid tea roses have the highest survival rate after frostbite. Even if they are frozen to the ground, they are able to quickly start up new shoots due to a large number spare dormant buds.

ADDITIONS TO THE ARTICLE:

We wish you to open the roses in time in the spring, and that they be healthy, and then bloom beautifully!

24.11.2017 4 181

When to open roses after winter and how to do it right

It is difficult to find a person who would not love roses. After all, these flowers can be called royal. Roses are the perfect decoration for anyone. garden plot. However, these plants require careful and constant care. That's the only way to get beautiful flowers exuding the most delicate aromas.

Roses are capricious plants. Therefore, they should be treated with caution. You need to start caring for these plants immediately after the end of winter. What is it?

The main stages of care

Spring care for roses is not so simple. There are several stages, after which you can expect beautiful flowers that are not affected by pests.

Processing roses in spring from diseases and pests - the main of the stages. They shouldn't be neglected.

Of course, the plant should be cared for throughout the year. However, at the end of winter it is required:

1. Implement proper watering.
2. Apply fertilizer correctly.
3. Form a crown of bushes and trim.
4. Treat plants for diseases and pests.

Monthly work schedule

It is in March that you should start caring for these plants. At this time, the winter shelter is removed from the bushes, special supports are installed, garters are carried out and, of course, hilling.

roses in april must be sprayed for prevention purposes. Otherwise, the plant may get sick. It is worth considering that the soil around the bushes is also subject to processing. During this period, you can also engage in plant propagation. New roses planted in April will take better.

In May, another preventive spraying should be carried out. At this time, top dressing is also introduced, and pruning of bushes.

In warm latitudes, work should begin at the end of winter. The main thing is that the snow has already left the site, and the weather has become drier and warmer. The primary treatment of roses should be completed before vegetative growth begins.

How do roses cover

If you live in a cold climate, then it is better to cover rose bushes for the winter. Otherwise, these tender plants will die from the cold. Roses are usually covered in November, when the air temperature does not rise above -5 ° C.

If you miss this moment, then the roses may die. Temperatures below the specified limit are detrimental to them. However, do not cover the flowers even in warm weather. Roses can wither and die.

After removing dry leaves and withered inflorescences, plants take cover warm material . As a rule, burlap or spunbond is used for this. After that, a construction is made of wire mesh or plastic.

Its walls should be located 25 centimeters from the bush. The structure is filled with fallen leaves or straw. Outside, it is better to wrap it with roofing material. You can also use polyethylene film . The design should be done 10 centimeters higher than the plant.

How to remove cover

When spring comes, roses need to be gradually opened. After the snow melts, you should slightly open the ends. Roses should be well ventilated. Otherwise, the plants will begin to rot and then rot. At night, the first time the roses should be closed.

If the temperature is very low, then the plants should be covered during the day. As the temperature rises, the roofing material layer should be gradually removed.

Straw and fallen leaves don't clean up right away. because the air temperature is low at night. During the day, the branches of plants can burn in the sun. It is best to open the bushes in cloudy and calm weather. If this is not possible, then it is worth creating a shadow.

If the plants were covered with agrofilm, then in the spring this material can not be removed, since it does not accumulate condensate and allows the roses to breathe. In order for the soil around the bushes to warm up faster, roses need to be spudded and a layer of peat removed from them. However, do not rush to fully open the basal neck of the plant.

How to cut

So, how to care for roses in spring? According to many, the main pruning of roses should be carried out not in the fall, but in the spring. This ensures that the plants will feel great in winter.

Exist some general rules pruning for both decorative and fruit roses. They should be guided during this procedure:

There are several key factors to consider when pruning roses. First of all, the climate is important. In cold regions, plants do not have time to grow much during the summer. In addition, the variety of roses also plays an important role.

Spring care of roses is very important for the normal growth of these plants. In the process of pruning, you should follow some recommendations. First of all, you should choose a very sharp tool. The best thing use pruner. So, a few tips:

• branches should be cut a few millimeters above the kidney;
• the cut should be made oblique, it should be directed in the same direction as the kidney;
• if healthy white wood is not visible after cutting the shoot, then it should be cut again, this must be done until healthy tissue appears;
• the crown of the bush should be finally formed only after the shoots grow by 5 centimeters;
• if several shoots have grown from one kidney, then one should be removed;
• at the end of pruning, all the bushes should be treated with a solution of copper sulfate;
• if at night frosts are noted, then the roses need to be covered with a film.

Installation of props

Spring care for roses is not only pruning. It is important to install props in time. Experts recommend using permanent and strong structures, which allow you to tie up roses without much difficulty.

Every spring, their safety should be checked. In case of any damage, it is worthwhile to repair them. Otherwise, the damaged support simply will not withstand the weight of the branches. Use green garden self-locking wire for tying.

Fertilizing and mulching roses

In order for roses to grow well after winter, they need to be fed. Fertilizers for such plants should contain phosphorus, magnesium, nitrogen and potassium. You can buy such funds in any specialized store.

This does not cause much difficulty. The range of such fertilizer is very large and if you cannot choose, then you should pay attention to the ingredients.

Plants can be fed with such compositions several times during the year. In the spring, this should be done during the period when the active growth phase begins. Fertilizers should also be applied in the summer after the first flowering.

At the same time, it is necessary distribute evenly on the surface of the soil 28 grams of the drug. After that, the soil should be processed with a chopper.

Fertilizers should only be applied to moist soil. If the soil remains dry for any reason, then it must be moistened. Enough water the soil around the bush. You can leave a hose with a small trickle near the rose. After a few hours, the soil will become sufficiently moist and fertilizer can be applied.

After pruning and fertilization, it is necessary to carry out mulching bushes. To do this, evenly distribute garden compost around the roses. Under each bush it is necessary to place a bucket of this composition. Top the compost with a layer of sawdust or wood chips.

It is worth noting that the material that is used for mulching roses should not cover the base of the trunk. Otherwise, the access of moisture and heat to the roots of plants will be limited.

Proper mulching will ensure the safety minerals, heat and moisture in the soil, and protect root system. This will significantly improve appearance roses.

Pest and disease control

Roses are delicate plants that are often subject to all sorts of diseases as well as insect attacks. Most often, these plants suffer from beetles, aphids, mites, caterpillars, and so on.

After the first buds begin to open, treat plants from pests and diseases. For this, it is better to use special preparations. They can be purchased in specialized stores.

The seller, if necessary, will tell you which drug will help protect the roses from this or that misfortune. For processing, a combination of tools should be used, such as insecticide and fungicide.

This will significantly save money, as well as protect the flowers from black spots, aphids, rust on the foliage and powdery mildew. Roses should be processed in dry calm weather in the evening.

Roses should be sprayed every two weeks from the moment the active growth phase began. Many experts argue that two treatments can be dispensed with. One should be done in the spring, and the second in the summer after the end of the first flowering.

If you grow thorn roses on your site that bear fruit, then they should not be treated with synthetic pesticides and insecticides. In this case it's better use natural preparations, preferably plant-type fungicides.

Caring for roses after winter is a laborious process that requires patience, as well as certain skills. Despite all the difficulties, many people want to grow these plants on their site. Indeed, such plants are real decoration, which surrounds itself with a pleasant and delicate aroma.

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