5 kw per hour. Electricity consumption by household appliances for one calendar month

By purchasing Vacation home or if you are going to conduct electricity to the cottage, you should think about this important parameter, as the allocated electric power of the supplied electric power. Practice shows that necessary minimum power to provide a house with an area of ​​​​up to 150 m 2 - from 7 to 10 kW. This indicator depends on many factors:

• number of people living in house man,
• type of heating (electric, gas),
• the general condition of the house (insulated or not, insulated according to the norms or not).

You can calculate the required minimum by adding up the power consumption of household appliances. Here you need to keep in mind that there are constantly or very often working devices (electric bulbs, the "warm floor" system, convectors), and there are devices that are turned on relatively rarely (vacuum cleaner, washing machine, electric saw, etc.). The power consumption of the device is indicated on its packaging or in the instructions. To calculate the minimum required total power, you need to add the power of all constantly working devices (in this case, the lighting power is calculated by multiplying the number of lamps in all rooms of the house by the power of one lamp, as a rule, this is 60 W). You need to remember about the nuances: electric drives for gates, electric ignition of the stove, heating of water in the shower cabin and other little things in total can give additional power. The result of the addition is rounded up and increased by another 5-10% at least. This will avoid the risk of running at peak loads using all the power, which is unsafe for appliances and wiring. It must be borne in mind that the resulting number is the result of adding the power of only constantly turned on electrical appliances, to which rarely turned on devices will be added from time to time. Therefore, the calculations provide only an approximate idea of ​​the required total power.

Calculation example

Let's take a house as an example. with total area 80 m 2 where a family of four lives. The house has three rooms, a kitchen, a corridor and a bathroom. The rooms use two lamps, each with a 60-watt incandescent lamp. Total - 120 watts per room and 120 * 3 \u003d 360 watts for 3 rooms. The kitchen, hallway and bathroom each use one 60-watt lamp. Total - another 180 watts. Summing up, we get 540 watts / hour for lighting only.

We now calculate the required power for the operation of devices that are constantly turned on or used very often. Refrigerator, TV and computer consume an average of 0.5 kW. Electric water heater- about 1 kW. Electric kettle - about 1 kW.

Add to this the power of rarely turned on devices. Washing machine - 2 kW. Dishwasher- about 1.5 kW. At the same time, the operation of these devices on maximum power never happens at the same time.

Total: 6.5 kW.

Save or not?

counting right amount kilowatt, it should be remembered that powerful electrical appliances are turned on relatively rarely. Therefore, it makes no sense to bring 10 kW to the house and overpay if you can bring 7 kW and regulate consumption, turning on “wasteful” appliances alternately (do not turn on the electric kettle if it works). electric oven etc.).

It's also not worth buying. If you bring 5 kW to the house instead of 7, you will have to sacrifice heating to turn on the kettle. Or lighting - for the sake of an electric stove.

Knowing the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house can also help for the calculation. For every 10 m 2, about 1 kW of heating energy is required if an electric boiler or convectors are used. This is quite expensive - only 20 kW of input power will have to be laid for heating and rather big bills will have to be paid monthly. Much better to spend gas heating if allow communication or use solid fuel(firewood, coal, pellets). In addition, it is worth taking care of the insulation of the walls, roof and floor in accordance with the norms - this will significantly reduce heating costs.

Can more be connected?

You can connect additional power if there is a power reserve in the cottage settlement. The cost of connecting 1 additional kilowatt is about 30 thousand rubles. The connection will have to be coordinated with the production and technical department of the local power grid. As a rule, there are no restrictions on power consumption, however, the requested additional power must be correctly calculated and reflected in the terms of reference, on the basis of which the power grid specialists will issue specifications to connect the house to the line and determine the available power supply.

Based on what has been written, we want to draw your attention to the need to involve specialists in solving engineering issues.

When choosing a particular household appliance in a store, we often wonder how much money we will have to pay for its use. This is especially true for a heater that runs on electricity. Sometimes, using welding machine or an electric motor, we are not even aware of how much electricity it consumes. But how can we find out the numbers we need if the data on the devices are not known.

Power consumption of electrical appliances: table with indicators

To carry out calculations, you need elementary knowledge of electrodynamics from a school course related to power, voltage, current. In order to calculate the power consumption of the device, it is necessary to know the magnitude of the voltage, as well as the strength of the source. Power (P) can be calculated by multiplying the current strength by the electrical voltage in the network.

The current strength is usually called the amount of electric charge passing through a given area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe network per unit of time. Physical quantity, characterized electric field that creates current is voltage.

The following indicators are used:

• Many volt-amperes are sometimes used as a non-system unit of power;
• In this case, the force is indicated in circuit breakers.

It is true is the maximum value at which the breaker trips.

Determining the power of a power source: calculation methods

To obtain this indicator, you will need the values ​​\u200b\u200bof the current, denoted as (I) and voltage, written as (V) power supply. To calculate the power (P), you need to multiply these two values ​​\u200b\u200btogether. Given power current - the amount of charge that passes through a certain surface in a certain period of time. Voltage is a variable that characterizes electric field that is generated by the current.

The approximate power of the device is equal to the product of voltage and current. The formula looks like P = I x V.

Usually:

• Current strength indicates on circuit breakers;
• The specified value is the maximum current at which the breaker is turned on;
• The value of voltage and current is usually indicated on the body of an electrical appliance or heating element.

If it is not there, then you should look in the documentation for it.

How to calculate the electricity consumption of an appliance

An indicator of the current strength, as well as the voltage of some common electrical appliances, is available in specialized reference books. If you do not have them, then give a request and find it on the Internet, or online resources.

The current strength is calculated using the same formula as the voltage. To do this, the available values ​​\u200b\u200bmust be divided.

For example, you need to calculate how much power a TV, ceiling fan, or microwave oven consumes, while such an indicator as their current strength is indicated on the device case. To be able to make a calculation, you need to find the fan voltage and resistance. You can find it on the Internet, or from the manufacturer. After that, by substituting the values ​​​​in the formula, you can easily calculate the fan power.

What you need to know about power:

• Power is the rate at which energy is converted, transmitted or consumed. Usually, you pay for electricity according to the power consumed.
• Power is measured in watts (W).
• The power of an electrical appliance is an indicator of the energy that this appliance consumes.
• Rated power - the required value required for correct operation device.
• The current is constant and variable. Alternating current can change in magnitude or direction. It is supplied by electricity. Definition - direct current does not change in direction or magnitude. The source of such current can be called a battery or a battery.

Starting power is the unit required to start an engine or compressor.

Consider how a power meter works in an outlet

If you need to find out how much power this or that object has, you can measure the current and voltage with a multimeter, and then simply multiply them. There are also devices that determine the power. They are called wattmeters. The power indicator is calculated by the built-in calculator, and the indicator immediately appears on its display.

How to use the wattmeter and multimeter:

1. We insert the device into a 220V socket;
2. We insert the plug of the device that we need to measure into the wattmeter;
3. We are waiting for the required indicator to appear on the display.

On the back of the device there is a compartment for batteries, which are usually included in the kit. On the plate next to it there is information with the characteristics of the wattmeter itself, its number, as well as the plug. The display is on the outside. The control is carried out by 4 buttons, near which there is a socket for connecting household appliances, equipment and machinery.

When the device is turned on, on its screen, like a counter, 3 information lines appear: one graphic and two digital.

With the fourth Value button you can switch and define the following measured parameters:

• Mains voltage;
• The power consumed by the connected device;
• The current consumed by the device.

When the limit indicator is set, relative to voltage and current, one of the characteristics of the device will give a signal. This means overload.

Is it possible to calculate the consumption of electricity, knowing the approximate power

When making independent calculations, do not forget about the small power that some devices consume even when they are not working, but connected to a power outlet. It also needs to be counted. Many appliances are equipped with an indicator, or they have an LED, which can also consume some power.

Awareness of the power consumption of the device makes it possible to significantly save electricity.

Calculations are made as follows:

• When calculating the power according to the formula, you get an approximate value.
• In the case when you need an accurate indicator of power, it is better to use a wattmeter. Any power, whether electrical, thermal or mechanical, is measured in watts. In order to be able to save electricity, it is important to know their power consumed by appliances.
• To calculate the difference between two powers, one such value must be subtracted from the other.

When you pay your electricity bills, you are basically paying for every kilowatt you use. To convert watts to kilowatts, you need to divide one watt indicator by 1000, and then multiply the value obtained in kilowatts by the number of hours the device has worked. As a result, you will get the required value, existing as (kWh). If you multiply it by the cost of 1 kilowatt of electricity, you can find out how much you have to pay for the operation of the device. For example, if there are only 10 light bulbs in your house or apartment and 100 W is the power consumed by each lamp, then by calculating we get 10 x 100, the result will be 1000 W - the total power of all lamps. If you divide 1000 watts by 1000, you get 1 kW. Now it is not difficult to calculate that if the light bulbs burned for 2000 hours a year, and one kilowatt per hour costs 6 rubles. Then, for a year you will have to pay 12,000 rubles.

Electrical appliances: power consumption (video)

The power consumed by any unit can be checked using a wattmeter device, or you can calculate it yourself at home using a simple formula. To do this, you need to know the current strength indicator, measured in A (amperes), as well as the voltage value, taken into account in volts (V). These important electricity calculations will allow you to save electricity, and therefore the cost of communal payments consumer.

When it comes to devices that people use at home, usually no one is interested in how much energy the device consumes per second. More important is the rate at which the device takes energy per unit of time. This value is called "power". It can be represented by the formula:

Power = energy/time

In particular, a kind of power is electricity. It is measured in x. Watt is power, named after the scientist James Watt. The ratio of watt and joule can be expressed by the formula:

1 watt = 1 joule/1 second

Although energy and power are closely related, they should not be confused. It is important to understand that power is the rate of energy absorbed, not the amount of energy itself. With the help of algebra, you can express the energy with a simple equation:

Energy = force * time

Based on the foregoing, it can be argued that a 100 watt electric light bulb is a device that converts 100 joules electrical energy in 100 joules electromagnetic radiation(or light) every second. If such a lamp is not extinguished within an hour, then the energy that it will absorb will be equal to 360,000 joules. This can be shown in the equation:

Energy \u003d force * time \u003d 100 j. / sec. * 3600 seconds = 360000 joules

Watts are a convenient unit of measure when it comes to electrical appliances. For example, they can be used to determine the power of lamps. But there are situations when it is important to know in general. For example, you need to calculate how much you will have to pay for electricity on a receipt. In practice, to calculate energy consumption, using joules as a unit of measure is not very convenient. Then another unit is used - kilowatt per hour. 1 kilowatt per hour of energy is equal to 1000 watts of power absorbed in 60 minutes. Approximately as much energy goes into the operation of a conventional hair dryer for one hour.

In the measurement of electricity, amperes are also used. A volt is a unit of measure for a certain charge of energy. Use to measure electric current.

calories and joules

Energy can also be measured in calories. Calories are usually associated with food. But they can be used to measure other types of energy as well. 1 calorie is equal to 4.184 joules.

To use up 1 liter, it will take 7,750,000 calories.

The calories you see on food packages are actually . One kilocalorie contains 1000 calories.

Sources:

• what is measured in watts

You have to pay for electricity, just like for any other resources and services. In order not to let yourself be deceived when paying, you need to learn how to calculate its expense. For this there is special devices, for example, an individual meter that is installed in each house or apartment. However, it shows the total consumption, and we will tell you how to calculate the electricity consumption of a separate device in this article.

Power, voltage and current

The main characteristics of electrical appliances are voltage, current and power. At the same time, either all three parameters or in a selective order can be indicated on the case or in the device passport. In Russia and neighboring countries, electrical appliances are used, designed for the mains voltage of 220V alternating current, in America, for comparison, there may be a voltage of 110 or 120V.

Recall:

Current is measured in Amperes (A), voltage in Volts (V), and power in Watts (W) (see -). If the device is low-power - most likely the power will be indicated in Watts, for powerful consumers, such as a washing machine or kitchen electric stove, usually indicated in kilowatts (kW). 1kW = 1000W.

In the passport of the device, depending on the specific case, the power may not be explicitly indicated at all, but the consumption of electricity for a certain period, for example, kW per year or per day, or for another period of time.

So, you pay your electricity bills according to the consumed kWh. Let's take a closer look at what kilowatt hours are and how to calculate them.

electricity meter

Now every apartment has an electricity meter or, to put it simply, in simple terms, electricity meter. On the modern models there is a display that shows the amount of kWh you have consumed since you installed it.

On older models, this is indicated on a mechanical display-indicator of rotating drums with numbers printed on them.

You can, if you turn off all consumers and leave the one you are interested in, for example for 1 hour, then you can find out how much Wh or kWh it consumes. But this method is not always convenient and possible.

Note:

On most counters, the rightmost digit is usually either separated by a comma, highlighted in a different color, or denoted in some other way. This is a tenth of a kilowatt; when taking readings for payment, it is not taken into account.

It is also worth noting that not all electrical equipment consumes the power specified in the documentation during the entire operation time. It has to do with the mode of operation. For example, a washing machine consumes current depending on whether the heating is on, whether the pump is running, how fast the motor is rotating, and so on.

A little later we will look at a simple way to determine real consumption such equipment.

Power consumption by power

If you know the electrical power of the device, then to calculate the electricity consumption, you need to multiply the power by the number of hours. Let's give an example, let's say we have 2 light bulbs - 100 and 60W and a 2.1 kW electric kettle. On the day, the light bulbs shine for about 6 hours, and the kettle boils for 5 minutes, you drink tea 4 times a day, which means that it only works 20 minutes a day.

Calculate the power consumption of all this equipment.

Two light bulbs:

100W*6h=600W/h

60W*6h=360W/h

The electric kettle works 20 minutes a day, since we need to convert to hours, then this is 1/3 hour, then:

2100W*(1/3)h=700W/h

600+360+700=1660Wh

Convert to kWh:

1660/1000=1.66kw/h

This set of electrical equipment consumes 1.66 kWh per day.

The total cost of operation of the listed equipment is equal to:

1.66*4=6.64 rubles

How to convert amps to kilowatts?

In cases where only the voltage and current of the type are indicated in the data on the parameters of the electrical appliance:

It is necessary to calculate the power before calculating the consumption, for this we use the formula: P \u003d U * I

For example:

220V*1A=220W

If you do not go into details - this is true for a load with cosФ equal to one, actually and for most household electrical equipment. Further calculations are similar to the previous ones.

How to find out the real power consumption of the device?

Calculations will not show real values, in order to find them out, you just need to take measurements. The surest way is to use an electricity meter. by the most convenient option is to use a special meter for the outlet.

They are also called an energy meter or wattmeter, perhaps this will help you find a device for sale.

What can an energy meter do? It's universal measuring device, which has the following set of functions:

Measuring the power consumed in this moment.

Measurement of consumption over a period of time.

Measurement of current and voltage.

Calculation of expenses at the rates you set.

That is, you just need to plug it into the socket, and the device, the consumption of which you need to determine, is easy to connect to the socket located on the energy meter. After that, you can observe how the power consumption changes during operation and how much is consumed in one work cycle.

An example of using a socket meter to determine the electricity consumption of a refrigerator is shown in the video.

Conclusion

The calculation of electricity consumption may be needed in a number of situations, for example, to check the consumption of new equipment, or when sharing powerful consumers with neighbors for equal payment. the best way is setting individual counter on the appliance or its socket version as described above.

Most household appliances have a label (label) on which you can find information about the power consumption and which is applied to the back or bottom of the appliance. This label indicates the maximum value of the electricity consumed. To calculate your total energy consumption, convert this value to kilowatt hours (kWh).

Steps

Calculation of kilowatt-hours by the power of the device

On the label of the device, find its power. Most electrical appliances have an energy rating label on the back or bottom. On such a label, find the value of power consumption, which is indicated as "W" or "Watt". As a rule, the label indicates the maximum value of the power consumption of the appliance, which is significantly higher than the average value of the power consumption. This section describes how to calculate an approximate kilowatt-hour value that is greater than real value consumed electricity.

• On some devices, a range of power consumption is given, for example, "200-300 W". In this case, choose the average value for calculations; in our example, this value is 250 watts.

1. Watts are a unit of measure for power, regardless of time. By multiplying the unit of power by the unit of time, you can estimate the amount of electricity consumed and calculate the amount you have to pay.

   Since 1 kW = 1000 W, this step converts the units from Wh to kWh.

   • In our example, you calculated that the fan consumes 1250 Wh per day. (1250 Wh) ÷ (1000 W) = 1.25 kWh per day.

2. At this point, you have calculated the amount of electricity (in kWh) consumed by the appliance each day. Multiply the daily value by the number of days in a month or a year to determine the monthly or annual amount of electricity consumed.

   • In our example, for a month (30 days) the fan will consume (1.25 kWh per day) x (30 days) = 37.5 kWh of electricity.
   • In our example, for a year (365 days), the fan will use (1.25 kWh per day) x (365 days) = 456.25 kWh of electricity.

3. Multiply the resulting value by the cost of one kilowatt-hour. On the form of payment for electricity, the cost of one kilowatt-hour is indicated. Multiply this cost by the calculated amount of electricity you use to determine the amount you have to pay.

   • For example, if 1 kWh costs 5 rubles, then for the electricity consumed by the fan, you will have to pay (5 rubles per kWh) x (456.25 kWh per year) = 2281.25 rubles (per year).
   • Remember that calculations based on the label power of the appliance give the maximum value for the cost of electricity consumed - in fact, you will pay less.
   • If you are working with different regions(regions) of the country, find the cost of 1 kWh of electricity in each region. Residents of Russia are advised to open this site.

   Calculation of kilowatt-hours by current and voltage

   1. On the label of the device, find the value of the current strength. On the labels of some devices, the power value is not indicated. In this case, find the value of the current strength, which is denoted as "A".

   2. Determine the voltage value in the power grid in your region. In Russia and most other countries, the standard mains voltage is 230 V (220-240 V). In some countries (for example, in the USA), this value is 120 V.

      • In the US, large electrical appliances such as washing machines, may be connected to special 240 V mains. To find out the voltage of an electrical appliance, find its energy label (the label indicates the recommended voltage, but it can be assumed that the voltage of the mains to which the appliance is connected complies with this recommendation).

   3. Multiply the current by the voltage. This will calculate the power consumption value expressed in watts.

      • For example, on the label microwave oven it is indicated that the current strength is 6.5 A, and the voltage is 220 V. The power of this furnace is 6.5 A x 220 V = 1430 watts.

   4. Multiply the power consumption by the number of hours you use the appliance each day. Power characterizes the amount of energy consumed by the device during its operation. Multiply the power consumption by the average number of hours the appliance is operated each day.

      • In our example, the microwave oven operates daily for 30 minutes. 1430 W x 0.5 hour/day = 715 Wh per day.

   5. Divide the result by 1000. This step converts units from Wh to kWh.

      • In our example: 715 Wh (per day) ÷ 1000 W = 0.715 kWh per day.

   6. Multiply the result by a certain amount of days. For example, to determine the monthly amount of electricity consumed, multiply the daily value by the number of days in one month.

      • In our example: 0.715 kWh (per day) x 31 days = 22.165 kWh.