Installed power. Maximum power of electricity and methods for determining it

We bring to your attention the concepts collected in one place "Power" :

Transformer power is the total power of transformers of power receiving devices of the consumer electrical energy calculated in(MBA)

Declared power - the limit value of the power consumed in the current period of power regulation, determined by the agreement between the grid organization and the consumer of services for the transmission of electric energy, calculated inmegawatts (10 6 )

Max power - the value of power, due to the composition of the power-receiving equipment and the technological process of the consumer, calculated inmegawatts (10 6 )

Connected power - the total value of the rated power connected to the electrical network (including indirectly) transformers and power receivers of the consumer of electrical energy, calculated in(MBA)

Power of the electrical installation (groups of electrical installations) — The total active power delivered to this moment time by a generating electrical installation (a group of electrical installations) to receivers of electrical energy, including losses in electrical networks [ ]

Installed power of the electrical installation - The highest active electrical power with which the electrical installation can operate for a long time without overload in accordance with specifications or passport for equipment [ ]

Connected power of the electrical installation - The sum of the rated powers of transformers and receivers of electrical energy of the consumer, directly connected to the electrical network [ ]

Instant Power - called the product of the instantaneous voltage applied to the circuit and the instantaneous value of the current in this circuit

Full power is a value equal to the product of the effective values ​​of the periodic electric current I in circuit and voltage U on her clamps: S = U I;

The unit of total electrical power is volt-ampere ( VA, V A);
Full power has practical value, as a value that describes the loads actually imposed by the consumer on the elements of the supply network (wires, cables, switchboards, transformers, power lines), since these loads depend on the consumed current, and not on the energy actually used by the consumer. That is why the rated power of transformers and switchboards measured in(VA), not in

Estimated power - the value of the expected power at a given level of power supply. Given power is the most important indicator, based on it, electrical equipment is selected. Estimated power shows the actual value of consumption by power receiving devices and depends on the specific consumer ( apartment buildings, various industries). Obtaining the value of the design power is a complex task, which must take into account various factors such as load seasonality, technology features. Based on statistical data, tables of utilization factors have been developed, according to which the value of the design capacity is found as the product of the installed capacity and the utilization factor

Reactive power - due to the ability of reactive elements to accumulate and give off electrical or magnetic energy. Capacitive load in the circuit alternating current during half a period, it accumulates a charge in the capacitor plates and gives it back to the source. An inductive load stores magnetic energy in the coils and returns it to the power supply as electrical energy. Reactive power in the network can be either excess or deficit, this is due to the nature of installed equipment. Excessive reactive power (the capacitive nature of the network prevails) leads to an increase in the voltage of the network, while scarce (the predominance of the inductive nature of the network) leads to a decrease in voltage. Because in distribution networks in most cases, inductance prevails over capacitance, i.e. there is a shortage of reactive power, then capacitive elements are artificially introduced into the network, designed to compensate for the inductive nature of the network, as a result, to reduce the phase shift between the mains voltage and current, which means to transfer to the consumer to a greater extent only active power, and reactive "generate" on the spot. This principle is widely used by network companies that oblige consumers to install compensating devices, however, the installation of these devices is needed to a greater extent by the network company, and not by each consumer individually. measured in Reactive Volt-Amps (VAr)

Light / Electrical connection

What is maximum power and how is it calculated? This question arises before anyone who begins to think about connecting their facility to the power grid. We publish the answer to this question from the specialists of the Interregional Distribution Grid Company (IDGC) of the Urals.

what is "maximum power"? How is it calculated?

"Maximum power" - the largest amount of power determined for simultaneous use by power receiving devices (power grid facilities) in accordance with the documents on technological connection and due to the composition of the power receiving equipment (power grid facilities) and the technological process of the consumer, within which the grid organization assumes obligations to ensure the transmission of electrical energy, calculated in megawatts (MW).

In the case of residential consumers (residential buildings individuals) the maximum power of electrical installations of each consumer is calculated as the algebraic sum of the rated powers according to the passports of all electrical receivers (electric water heaters, lighting, household appliances, etc.) multiplied by the electric power demand factor. In other words, this is the power that you will consume if you turn on everything that you want to include in the network. For individuals, it should not exceed 15 kW.

Usually it is less than the sum of the capacities of all electrical receivers in an apartment (house), because. rarely does anyone turn on the lights in the whole house at the same time, all the TVs, underfloor heating, stove, oven, kettle, microwave and vacuum at this time. The situation is quite real when having electrical appliances for 25-30 kW in the house, the consumer constantly consumes no more than 5-7 kW at the same time. According to the typical daily load schedules for electrical installations of household consumers, the maximum power is not a value that characterizes the average constant load of a household consumer. This is the value of the short-term maximum load that occurs during the hours of the morning and evening maxima. Most of the time, the consumer simultaneously requires power, which is several times lower than the maximum.

Electricity consumption is constantly increasing. According to the latest data, only the kitchen in a standard apartment began to spend twice as much. But besides this, computers, air conditioners, microwaves… Power grids that have been operating for decades often cannot cope with today's demands. In this situation, it is important to have an idea of ​​​​what the calculated power is and what load the network in your apartment can withstand.

How much electricity does your apartment use?

Residents of new old houses today connect all necessary equipment: computer, oven, microwave, air conditioning, stove and extractor. To avoid a power outage, you need to find out in advance how powerful the cable is to the apartment. That is, to what extent it can be loaded.

These data are contained in two documents. The first - « The act of delimitation of balance responsibility » . It indicates which trails the tenant owns and what the terms of that ownership are. You can get this paper in the HOA or in another service of operation. Second document - « Information about permitted capacities » . Here, specific figures for the estimated and installed capacity are already indicated.

Estimated power(or one-time switching power) is the power that makes it possible to connect a certain amount of technology in the apartment. If something else is connected in addition, the protective automation will fail. If you add together the power of all electrical equipment in the apartment, you get the installed power. But we cannot connect all at once, as the network will be overloaded, and protective automation will again work. It includes RCDs, differential automata. Thanks to protective automation, we ourselves determine how much we can load the network in the apartment. In older houses, these numbers, of course, will be less.

There is such a concept as input". Let's explain clearly. On the landing there is an electrical panel, an introductory machine, from which the cable goes to the apartment. If the whole system is located inside the apartment itself, then the cable starts desired section. After that, an automatic machine is installed that protects the wiring, then a meter, then an additional machine and a shield that distributes the load along the lines.

In most old houses, the power supply single-phase- classic 220 volt. Just it does not allow to load the line too much and connect everything modern devices that you would like to have at home. For this you need three-phase input, that is 380 V. It consists of three lines that redistribute the total load. As a result, with intensive consumption of three-phase power, the load is distributed equally to each of the phases. Therefore, if you want to electrify your home to the maximum, you must first figure out whether your current is single-phase or three-phase. If this is the last option, then there is no problem. Such input is available in almost all new houses. It is approximately 14-20 kW on input, that is, it is permissible enough a large number of household appliances. However, with regard to old buildings, as a rule, there is only an aluminum cable with a load capacity of only 4 kW.

Let's see what is 4 kW at home. According to the standard in a residential apartment on square meter usable area needs lighting 15 to 25 W. Let's say the area of ​​the apartment 100 m2, take the average 20 W: 100X20=2000 W. It's already 2 kW. And it's just light. For example, if you wished to have heated floors in the bathroom and kitchen, then this is a plus 100 W per 1 m2. So what else 20 m such floors - here's more 2kW. As a result we have 4 kW, and, it turns out, nothing more can be connected. But it's simply impossible. Now everyone has a computer that consumes about 500 W, a washing machine that takes about 2 kW! The dryer will take its 2.5 kW, dishwasher 2 kW, oven - 4-6 kW, hob - 6 kW. How about without a kettle? The kettle will "eat" its 2.2 kW, so that, in general, one can type and 15 kW and more. So, first of all, when you are going to install another electrical appliance, find out what input cable you have. If it is single-phase, then count on normal work there is nothing. We will have to contact the housing and communal services with a request to allocate additional capacity.

What if you want more?

If possible, then you will receive a permit in your hands, and pay for the corresponding work. This means that an additional cable with the required cross section will be connected to your apartment. Professionals themselves will determine the diameter of the section, that is, it will be clear what load the cable will withstand. All these actions will need to be coordinated with city structures. And this, of course, is not so easy. Not only will you have to run through various authorities and spend a certain amount of money to obtain a permit, but it may turn out that the city will simply have nowhere to find additional capacity. Most power grids have existed for a long time, they are already operating at full capacity, and no one has calculated the additional load before. True, the power can be found in the region. In this case, a cable is pulled to your house, and inside there is a new trunk power cable. Through it, additional power enters the apartment. No matter how serious it may sound, the work is quite simple. You may not even need to scrape anything. After all, you can always use existing embedded channels. By the way, you should not contact public utilities bypassing official authorities, hoping to save time and money. In case of occurrence emergency you will have to bear the responsibility. In addition, all changes will still have to be recorded in the documentation when selling an apartment. You can contact the relevant organizations with questions about the work and coordination, but you will have to pay for it.

By the way, there is another important point. In rooms with high humidity(in the bathroom or in the kitchen) you need to install the so-called fifth wire. This is a potential equalization system that eliminates unnecessary potential on all current-carrying metal elements: bath, sink, case washing machine. These wires must also be brought to the metal risers for supplying hot and cold water. it required condition security. The fifth wire repeats the earth wire, it has a larger cross section.

In older houses, everything is more complicated. If there is a single-phase wire, then there is no grounding in principle. As for the three-phase wires, the current flows through the first wire to the consumption sources, through the second - the current flows back, the third is the ground wire, which needs to be grounded. If there is no grounding in the house, then the third wire will not be useful. Without grounding, there is a direct threat to human life and health. If there is damage in the case, and a person touches it, then the current will pass through the person.

There is a common misconception that you just need to replace the wiring in the apartment with a newer one - and you can safely connect any devices. In fact throughput 4kW will remain the same. So there is a risk that if you turn on all your amenities at once, the automation will immediately turn off the voltage. More than allowed 4 kW you still won't get it.

By the way, if in the whole house there is no separate protection for each cable extending from individual apartments, then the neighbors begin to depend on each other. There is a main cable at the entrance. A branch is drawn from it, and a circuit breaker is mounted, which controls the amount of electricity for each consumer. An electric meter and an introductory circuit breaker are installed for each apartment. If it does not work, and the network is overloaded, the entire trunk cable will fail, so it is very important that the individual circuit breakers are in order. Although most of them have been working for a very long time, so the risk increases every year.

Note to owners of apartments in old houses

There is a limit on the power of equipment in houses with old wiring. For example, in houses where electric stoves are installed, they can only be about three burners, because the wires will not withstand a heavy load. In houses to which gas is supplied, only gas stoves and cooktops.

Connecting devices in ordinary apartment must be carried out according to the instructions for use, by service specialists. For each device, a water supply tap or a separate outlet of installed power is mounted, an individual power line and a safety switch are made. The diameter of the wires and the data of the safety switches correspond to the power consumption of the equipment (it can be found in the data sheet). If we connect a device of greater power than usual (a stove, for example), then we need to check whether the electric meter can withstand it. If not, then you will have to deal with the utilities to install a new electricity meter. After that, an individual power line is made that is not related to the old network.

Maximum power plays an important role in retail electricity markets. However, technological connection documents may not contain information about its value. There are also cases of loss of such documents. What quantities can be used to determine the maximum power? Is it possible to replace it, for example, with permitted power, one-time load, installed power? Consider the attitude of the courts to this issue.

The value of the maximum capacity for the subject of the retail electricity market

Maximum electricity power:

a) defined for simultaneous use by power receiving devices (power grid facilities) in accordance with the documents on technological connection;

b) due to the composition of the power-receiving equipment (electric grid facilities) and the technological process of the consumer.

This is the largest amount of power within which the grid organization assumes the obligation to ensure the transmission of electrical energy. Units of measurement - megawatts (MW) (paragraph 7, paragraph 2 of Regulation No. 861).

The value of the maximum capacity determines the various obligations of participants in the retail electricity markets. Its value is important, for example, for cases:

a) establishing special operating conditions for consumers.

If the maximum power of power receiving devices of consumers within the boundaries of the balance sheet is 670 kW or more, they are required to equip their power receiving devices with appropriate metering devices. The requirements for them are set out in para. 2 p. 139, p. 143 of the Basic Provisions for the Functioning of Retail Electricity Markets, approved. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 04.05.2012 No. 442 (hereinafter - Basic Provisions No. 442):

• the ability to measure hourly volumes of electrical energy consumption;
• accuracy class 0.5S and higher;
• ensuring storage of data on hourly volumes of electrical energy consumption for the last 90 days or more. Or devices must be included in the accounting system.

If the specified requirements of the Basic Provisions No. 442 are not met, then the volume of electricity consumption during the planned peak load hours on working days of the billing period for these consumers is determined by the calculation method (paragraph 3, clause 181 of the Basic Provisions No. 442).

For these consumers, special requirements are established for reactive power metering devices (paragraph 3, clause 139 of the Basic Provisions No. 442).

From July 1, 2013, they cannot choose and apply the first and second price categories (paragraph 9, paragraph 97 of the Basic Provisions No. 442). In case of failure to notify about the choice of price category (except for the first and second), from July 1, 2013, the third price category is applied for them (paragraph 15, clause 97 of the Basic Provisions No. 442).

If the actual volumes of electricity consumption deviate from the contractual volumes, increasing (reducing) coefficients are applied to consumers (buyers) in the territories of non-price zones calculated before July 1, 2013 at single-part prices (tariffs) (paragraphs 4, 6 p. 109 of the Basic Provisions No. 442). These consumers are obliged to plan the consumption of electrical energy by the hours of the day (paragraph 1, clause 110 of the Basic Provisions No. 442).

The bill for electrical energy (power) issued to these consumers includes, in a separate line, the amount of reserved maximum power (clause 80 of the Basic Provisions No. 442, clause 8 (1) of the Rules for Non-Discriminatory Access to Electricity Transmission Services and the Provision of These Services, approved Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 27, 2004 No. 861 (hereinafter - Rules No. 861));

b) establishing the circumstances under which the consumer is exempted from paying compensation for the sales allowance in the event of termination or change with a decrease in the volume of the acquisition of the contract for the purchase of electrical energy (capacity) with a guaranteeing supplier (paragraph 6, clause 85 of the Basic Provisions No. 442);

c) determining the amount of the advance paid to the guaranteeing supplier for electricity in the absence of data on consumption volumes for the previous billing period(clause 82, paragraph 5 clause 83 of the Basic Provisions No. 442);

d) application in retail markets of settlement methods for accounting for electrical energy (capacity) - paragraphs. 166, 178, 179, 181, 195 and Annex 3 to the Guidelines No. 442;

e) assignment of consumers to a certain subgroup of the group "other consumers". The subgroup depends on the value of the maximum power of power receiving devices belonging to the consumer (clause 4 Guidelines on the calculation of marketing allowances of guaranteeing suppliers, approved. order of the FTS of Russia dated October 30, 2012 No. 703-e).

If the documents on technological connection do not contain information on the maximum power value or these documents have been lost, the grid organization may reissue them and indicate the missing information. To do this, the consumer must submit an application. The right to do so is established by paragraph 13(1) of Regulation No. 861, sub. "b" paragraph 59 of the Rules technological connection. The network organization can approve any application form. Usually the form is posted on the website of the organization. The list of documents to be attached to the application is given in the Rules for Technological Connection. It is closed. The network organization is not entitled to expand it and require the applicant additional information and documents.

Methods for determining the maximum power value for such re-registration are listed in clause 77 of the Rules for Technological Connection.

Calculation methods for determining power can be used in the following cases:

• the absence of the maximum power value in the documents on technological connection;
• failure to report the value of the maximum power to the guaranteeing supplier;
• the absence of the maximum power value in the contract for the purchase of electrical energy with a guaranteeing supplier.

These methods are given, for example, in para. 9 p. 86 of the Basic Provisions No. 442, sub. "a" paragraph 1 of Appendix 3 to the Basic Provisions No. 442.

When drawing up documents on technological connection, the parties, unfortunately, do not always follow the requirements of the legislation in the field of electric power industry. It is no secret that instead of the maximum power, documents may indicate other values, for example: permitted power, one-time power, permitted load, one-time load, installed power, etc. And these quantities can be measured in kVA, not MW.

Is it possible to determine the maximum power capacity of electricity based on such values ​​for the period while the documents on technological connection are being reissued? Consider jurisprudence.

Maximum and permitted power

The opinions of the courts on the relationship between the concepts of maximum and permitted power diverge.

For reference

Max power- the largest amount of power determined for simultaneous use by power receiving devices (power grid facilities) in accordance with the documents on technological connection and due to the composition of the power receiving equipment (power grid facilities) and the technological process of the consumer, within which the grid organization assumes the obligation to ensure the transmission of electrical energy, measured in megawatts.

Rules for non-discriminatory access to services for the transmission of electrical energy and the provision of these services, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 27, 2004

Position 1

The courts rely on the definitions of the concepts "maximum power" and "permitted power", given respectively in paragraph 2 of Regulation No. 861 and methodological recommendations on the regulation of relations between the energy supply organization and the consumer, approved. First Deputy Minister of Energy of the Russian Federation on January 19, 2002 and Chairman of the FEC of Russia on January 15, 2002. And they think they are different.

In its decision dated 12.08.2014 No. F05-8168/2014 in case No. A40-124653/13, the Arbitration Court of the Moscow District recognized that the defendant’s determination of the maximum power on the basis of the registers dated November 10, 2012 is based on the substitution of the concepts of “permitted power” and “maximum power".

The Ninth Arbitration Court of Appeal came to similar conclusions in its decisions No. 09AP-15598/2014-GK dated July 7, 2014 in case No. A40-177747/13, and No. 09AP-32028/2014-GK dated September 8, 2014 in case No. A40-124663 /13, dated November 27, 2014 No. 09AP-46988/2014-GK in case No. A40-76922/14, etc.

For reference

Permitted power- the amount of electric power that the power supply organization allowed the subscriber (consumer) to connect to its networks on the basis of technical specifications.

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Position 2

The Thirteenth Arbitration Court of Appeal, considering case No. A56-69450/2013, reasoned as follows.

Clause 1.5 of the contract states that the units of measurement of electric power can be kW, kVA, kvar.

Based on the definitions of the maximum and permitted capacities given in the regulatory and methodological documents (all the same Rules No. 861 and Methodological recommendations), the court pointed to the equivalence of these concepts. And he confirmed the legitimacy of the additional charge to the volume of electricity consumed using the power of 70 kVA to calculate electricity consumption (decision of the Thirteenth Arbitration Court of Appeal dated 08/01/2014 in case No. A56-69450 / 2013).

The Fifteenth Arbitration Court of Appeal came to the same opinion in its decisions dated November 05, 2014 in case No. А53-9854/2014, dated June 10, 2015 in case No. А32-47887/2014.

The Ninth Arbitration Court of Appeal, relying on the definition of the concept of "maximum power" in the current legislation (clause 2 of Rules No. 861), ruled that the values ​​​​of the permitted and installed capacities indicated in the Register of power supply sources, power receiving equipment and commercial metering of electricity and power and in the acts of delimitation of balance sheet ownership and operational responsibility, cannot exceed the maximum power.

Thus, if the value of the one-time or permitted power is entered in the documents on technological connection, it should be taken as the maximum power. In the case under consideration, it exceeded 670 kW. The court confirmed the plaintiff's right to apply the third price category for settlements (decision of the Fifteenth Arbitration Court of Appeal dated September 15, 2015 No. 09AP-33390/2015-GK in case No. A40-175496/2014).

The same position was taken by the Ninth Arbitration Court of Appeal in decisions dated June 15, 2015 No. 09AP-15324/2015-GK in case No. A40-175548/14, dated August 20, 2015 No. 09AP-29355/2015-GK in case No. A40-47482/ 2014, dated 02.09.2015 No. 09AP-31443/2015-GK in case No. А40-175572/2014 and others; The Tenth Arbitration Court of Appeal in rulings dated May 14, 2015 in case No. A41-74357/14, dated May 21, 2015 in case No. A41-74359/14, etc.

In Resolution No. 09AAP-22125/2014-GK dated July 23, 2014 in case No. A40-170595/13, the Ninth Arbitration Court of Appeal recognized the plaintiff's actions to determine the maximum power by calculation as lawful in the absence of relevant information from the defendant.

When considering some cases, the courts, among other evidence, took into account the opinion of the grid organization on the acceptance of the one-time (permitted) power values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in the documents on technological connection as the maximum power (for example, the decision of the Ninth Arbitration Court of Appeal of 09/02/2015 in case No. A40-175572 / 2014).

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Reasons for disagreement

The lack of uniformity in opinion on the relationship between the concepts of “maximum power” and “permitted power” can be explained by the vagueness of the wording of the concept of “permitted power”:

• "permitted power" - the amount of electrical power that the power supply organization allowed the subscriber (consumer) to connect to its networks on the basis of technical specifications.

The term "attach" indicates the possibility of considering the permitted power as connected. Its definition is contained in paragraph 2 of Rules No. 861. Here, the connected power is understood as the total value of the rated power of transformers and power receiving devices connected to the electrical network (including indirectly) of the consumer of electrical energy, calculated in megavolt-amperes.

The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation pointed out the non-identity of the concepts of maximum power and connected power. The court proceeded from the essence of these concepts. The maximum power is determined by one essential feature - technological process consumer. They are limited by the ability to use all available power receiving and power grid equipment at full capacity at once. Connected power does not take into account the technological process and contains the entire total rated (full) power of power receiving devices and transformers (determination of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of February 13, 2015 in case No. 310-ES14-2973, A14-8279 / 2013).

The term “allowed” in the definition of permitted power indicates a sign that is more inherent in maximum power and expressed in its definition: “the highest amount of power determined for one-time use” (clause 2 of Regulation No. 861).

The network organization is obliged to provide:

• proper functioning of the power grid facilities belonging to it;
• fulfillment of obligations to consumers whose electric power facilities are connected to its networks.

Therefore, for a network organization, the value of the power that the connected objects use in certain moment time. Therefore, it makes sense to limit the issuance of permission to use a certain value to the maximum power.

This ambiguity can be eliminated by sending a request to the grid organization about what should be understood by the amount of permitted power specified in the relevant documents on technological connection - maximum or connected power.

Maximum and one-time power

When a one-time power is indicated in the technological connection documents, the courts decide that the maximum power corresponds to this value.

Example

The Ninth Arbitration Court of Appeal in case No. A40-127374/13 was guided by the following.

In the register, the consumer is assigned a one-time power of 1860 kVA. From the concept of maximum power, established by clause 2 of Regulation No. 861, it follows that this is the power determined for one-time use by power receiving devices. The word "one-time" is defined by the court as a synonym for the word "one-time". Also, according to the court, these concepts have the same physical meaning in relation to the amount of power: this is the amount of power that the network organization has allowed the consumer to use in each unit of time.

The defendant did not send documents confirming a different power value to the energy supply organization, the corresponding changes were not made to the energy supply agreement. The court considered it lawful to apply the one-time (permitted) power as the maximum power (decision of the Ninth Arbitration Court of Appeal dated 02.10.2014 No. 09AP-25025/2014 in case No. A40-127374/13).

In its ruling dated October 30, 2014 No. 09AP-42877/2014 in case No. A40-76744/2014, the Ninth Arbitration Court of Appeal also pointed to the correspondence between the values ​​of the one-time power and the maximum power.

Maximum power and permitted or one-time load

The concepts of "maximum power" and "permissible load", "one-time load" are accepted by the courts as identical.

Example

The Thirteenth Arbitration Court of Appeal, in its decision dated 09/03/2014 in case No. A56-72431 / 2013, recognized that the permitted load should be used when classifying a consumer in a certain price category.

In January 1994, the consumer and the Pushkin Electric Networks Enterprise entered into an agreement for the supply of electricity to the facility. At that time, the enterprise was an energy supply organization. The appendix to the contract included the value of the permitted load for the consumer's power receiving device - 850 kVA. This characterizes the device itself, and not a specific point of delivery. This means that when determining the price category, the guaranteeing supplier must be guided by the specified value. The concept of maximum power did not yet exist at that time, Rules No. 861 were adopted only 10 years later. In fact, in this contract, the permitted load is the maximum power.

Considering case No. A40-155596/14, the Arbitration Court of the Moscow District recognized as legitimate the assignment of a consumer to a category where the maximum power of power receiving devices is 670 kW or more. The court proceeded from the value of the installed capacity of 1820 kVA given in the act of delimitation of balance sheet ownership and operational responsibility and the annex to the power supply agreement with a one-time load of 1267 kVA (resolution of the Arbitration Court of the Moscow District dated 13.10.2015 No. F05-13534 / 2015).

The conclusion that the value of the one-time load corresponds to the maximum power of the power receiving devices was also made by the Ninth Arbitration Court of Appeal in the decision of 10.10.2014 No. 09AP-38152/2014 in case No. A40-26115/2014 and the Tenth Arbitration Court of Appeal in the decision of 27.10. 2014 in case No. A41-31139/14.

Maximum and installed power

Apparently, the issue of the ratio of maximum power and installed power was not submitted for judicial consideration.

The concept of "installed capacity" was defined by GOST 19431-84 "Power engineering and electrification. Terms and Definitions":

• the installed power of the electrical installation is the highest active electrical power with which the electrical installation can operate for a long time without overload in accordance with the technical specifications or the equipment passport (clause 50).

Therefore, the installed power is technical specifications electrical installations. Its value does not affect the volume of obligations of the grid organization or the consumer. On the contrary, within the maximum capacity, the grid organization undertakes to ensure the transmission of electrical energy. So, taking into account clause 50 of GOST 19431–84, the installed capacity is not identical to the maximum capacity.

Converting power from megavolt-amperes to megawatts

In volt-amperes, it is customary to measure the total power (S). In watts - active power (P).

Apparent and active power are related by the relation:

where Q is reactive power.

Active power is calculated by the formula:

where cos φ is the power factor, φ is the angle between apparent power and active power in the "power triangle". it right triangle, where the total power is the hypotenuse, and the active and reactive powers are the legs.

If the listed values ​​are indicated in megavolt-amperes in documents on technological connection, the problem arises of converting them into megawatts. After all, the maximum power is measured precisely in megawatts (paragraph 7, clause 2 of Regulation No. 861).

The courts decide this issue in the following way.

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Position 1

To convert MVA to MW, the power factor (cos φ) is applied, established by clause 20 of the Guidelines for determining the amount of payment for technological connection to electrical networks, approved by order of the FTS of Russia dated September 11, 2012 No. 209-e / 1 (hereinafter - Guidelines No. 209-e / 1):

“if the submitted materials contain quantities measured in kVA, then when calculating for the technological connection, the conversion of 1 kVA to 1 kW is carried out according to the formula: kVA x cos φ = kW, where cos φ = 0.89.”

The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation rejected the argument about the impossibility of using the permitted power in calculating the maximum power of the consumer's power receiving devices. The court pointed out that paragraph 20 of Methodological Instructions No. 209-e / 1 established a reduction factor of 0.89. And if there is no evidence substantiating the actual value of the maximum power, then it is legitimate to use this coefficient and the value of the permitted power for calculations (determination of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of December 24, 2014 No. 305-ES14-6557 in case No. A41-6187 / 2014).

Similar decisions were made by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in ruling No. 305-ES14-6556 dated December 24, 2014 in case No. A41-62949/2013; The Arbitration Court of the Moscow District in its decision dated 09/01/2015 No. F05-11368 / 2015 in case No. A40-151505 / 14 and others.

Position 2

There are court decisions stating that power factor (cos φ) can be determined in terms of reactive power factor (tg φ). The limit values ​​of this coefficient are given in the order of the Ministry of Industry and Energy of Russia dated February 22, 2007 No. 49.

Thus, the Tenth Arbitration Court of Appeal concluded that a one-time load of 800 kVA from the act of delimitation of balance sheet ownership and operational responsibility corresponds to the concept of maximum power of power receiving devices. At the same time, the court gave a formula for determining active power:

where Pa - active power, kW;
Rp - full power, kVA;
cos φ - power factor, dimensionless value. Its value is determined in the act of delimitation of balance sheet ownership and operational responsibility, or is taken equal to 0.9 (Order of the Ministry of Industry and Energy of Russia dated February 22, 2007 No. 49).

The maximum power of the defendant's power receiving devices was calculated based on the terms of the contract and clause 97 of the Basic Provisions: 800 kVA x 0.9 = 720 kW (decision of the Tenth Arbitration Court of Appeal dated 10/27/2014 in case No. A41-31139 / 14).

The value of cos φ is also given by other regulations. For example, in Appendix 3 "Calculation methods for accounting for electrical energy (capacity) in retail electrical energy markets" to the Basic Provisions No. 442, it is established that at maximum load and in the absence of data in the contract, the value of the power factor is taken to be 0.9 (paragraph 15 sub. "a" p. 1).

1. If the documents on technological connection do not contain the value of the maximum power, but the permitted power is indicated, it is possible to justify their compliance. To do this, you must obtain appropriate confirmation from the network organization.

2. If the values ​​of one-time power, permitted load, one-time load are entered into the technological connection documents, they can be used as the maximum power value.

3. Installed capacity, given in the technological connection documents, cannot be used instead of the maximum power.

4. The power value indicated in kVA is converted to the maximum power value measured in kW using the power factor (cos φ):

• given in paragraph 20 of the Guidelines No. 209-e / 1;
• calculated by the reactive power factor (tg φ) from the order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated June 23, 2015 No. 380;
• established par. 15 sub. "a" paragraph 1 of Appendix 3 to the Basic Provisions No. 442.

As mentioned above, 06/04/2012. new rules for retail electricity markets came into force. The main changes for consumers in the rules are described in the previous article. However, one point should be emphasized in particular.

So, this moment concerns consumers with a maximum power of over 670 kW. The maximum power is determined in the power supply contract with the guaranteeing supplier and should not exceed the permitted power in the documents issued by the grid organization to the consumer in the process of technological connection (it is indicated in the act of technological connection). It should be noted that earlier consumers with a maximum power of more than 670 kW were referred to as consumers with a connected power of more than 750 kVA. And yet, what important changes have occurred for such consumers:

1. In accordance with paragraph 139 of the "Basic Provisions for the Functioning of Retail Electricity Markets", approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 04.05.2012. No. 442 for metering electrical energy for consumers with a maximum power of at least 670 kW, metering devices with an accuracy class of 0.5S and higher, as well as providing storage of data on hourly volumes of electrical energy consumption for the last 120 days or more, are subject to use. At the same time, in accordance with clause 143, if consumers have several points of supply, then all these points of supply must be equipped with metering devices that allow measuring hourly volumes of electricity consumption. In order to make it much easier to take hourly readings of metering devices, such consumers can install ASKUE at their facility.

2. In accordance with clause 97 of the "Basic Provisions", consumers with a maximum power exceeding 670 kW until July 1, 2013. can choose any price category (subject to the fulfillment of all necessary activities), and after July 1, 2013. can only choose between 3-6 price categories (Recall that these price categories require the presence of an hourly meter). If the consumer has not chosen a price category, then he automatically falls into the 3rd or 4th price category from July 1.

3. In the event that the specified consumer has not delivered before July 1, 2013. metering devices that allow you to determine consumption by hours of the day, then for calculating the cost of electricity for 3-6 price categories from July 1, 2013. its maximum capacity at maximum prices will be applied. (Section 181 of the Basic Provisions). The cost of electricity in this case can increase for the consumer by 50%. Learn more about the calculation procedure for price categories see the relevant section.

4. Suppliers of last resort from July 1, 2012 must indicate the value of the reserved (maximum) power in invoices for payment to consumers with a maximum power of more than 670 kW. This value should be determined as the difference between the actual power of the consumer and its maximum power (the one that was obtained in the process of technological connection to the power grids). Moreover, this reserved capacity will be presented for payment to such a consumer in the near future. Those. if the actual capacity is less than the maximum for any reason (temporary decrease in production), then the consumer must pay for it! At the moment, the price has not yet been determined. If the cost of paying for the reserved capacity is too high for the consumer, then he can give up part of his maximum capacity (which was fully paid during the process of technical connection) in favor of the grid company.

This item is intended to ensure that the consumer understands how much in a year he will have to pay extra.

Important! At the moment, legislators are only discussing the possibility of a real introduction of the reserve payment since 07/01/2013, the reserve payment has not been introduced. But according to sources from the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation, the issue of paying for the reserve is being actively discussed, and after 2014 the payment for the reserve will be gradually introduced.

Thus, in connection with the entry into force of the new basic provisions, medium and large consumers are required to install new metering devices before July 1 (if the old ones do not meet the requirements specified in clause 1), as well as weigh all the pros and cons of failure part of its maximum power. If this condition is not met, then the cost of electricity for such consumers will increase significantly.

It should be noted that the cost of such an electricity meter is from 5,000 rubles without installation.

In the gallery we place some parts of the presentation on changes in the work in the retail electricity markets by Alexander Shkolnikov (OJSC Smolenskenergosbyt)