Installed power. Estimated power: how to handle electricity correctly

Maximum power plays an important role in retail electricity markets. However, documents about technological connection may not contain information about its value. There are also cases of loss of such documents. What quantities can be used to determine the maximum power? Is it possible to replace it, for example, with permitted power, one-time load, installed power? Consider the attitude of the courts to this issue.

The value of the maximum capacity for the subject of the retail electricity market

Maximum electricity power:

a) defined for simultaneous use by power receiving devices (power grid facilities) in accordance with the documents on technological connection;

b) due to the composition of the power receiving equipment (power grid facilities) and technological process consumer.

This is the maximum amount of power within which the network organization assumes the obligation to provide transmission electrical energy. Units of measurement - megawatts (MW) (paragraph 7, paragraph 2 of Regulation No. 861).

The value of the maximum capacity determines the various obligations of participants in the retail electricity markets. Its value is important, for example, for cases:

a) establishing special operating conditions for consumers.

If a maximum power power receivers of consumers within the boundaries of the balance sheet is 670 kW or more, they are required to equip their power receivers with appropriate metering devices. The requirements for them are set out in para. 2 p. 139, p. 143 of the Basic Provisions for the Functioning of Retail Electricity Markets, approved. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 04.05.2012 No. 442 (hereinafter - Basic Provisions No. 442):

• the ability to measure hourly volumes of electrical energy consumption;
• accuracy class 0.5S and higher;
• ensuring storage of data on hourly volumes of electrical energy consumption for the last 90 days or more. Or devices must be included in the accounting system.

If the specified requirements of the Basic Provisions No. 442 are not met, then the volume of electricity consumption during the planned peak load hours on working days of the billing period for these consumers is determined by the calculation method (paragraph 3, clause 181 of the Basic Provisions No. 442).

For these consumers, special requirements are established for reactive power metering devices (paragraph 3, clause 139 of the Basic Provisions No. 442).

From July 1, 2013, they cannot choose and apply the first and second price categories(paragraph 9, paragraph 97 of the Basic Provisions No. 442). In case of failure to notify about the choice of price category (except for the first and second), from July 1, 2013, the third price category is applied for them (paragraph 15, clause 97 of the Basic Provisions No. 442).

If the actual volumes of electricity consumption deviate from the contractual volumes, increasing (reducing) coefficients are applied to consumers (buyers) in the territories of non-price zones calculated before July 1, 2013 at single-part prices (tariffs) (paragraphs 4, 6 p. 109 of the Basic Provisions No. 442). These consumers are obliged to plan the consumption of electrical energy by the hours of the day (paragraph 1, clause 110 of the Basic Provisions No. 442).

The bill for electrical energy (power) issued to these consumers includes, in a separate line, the amount of reserved maximum power (clause 80 of the Basic Provisions No. 442, clause 8 (1) of the Rules for Non-Discriminatory Access to Electricity Transmission Services and the Provision of These Services, approved Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 27, 2004 No. 861 (hereinafter - Rules No. 861));

b) establishing the circumstances under which the consumer is exempted from paying compensation for the sales allowance in the event of termination or change with a decrease in the volume of the acquisition of the contract for the purchase of electrical energy (capacity) with a guaranteeing supplier (paragraph 6, clause 85 of the Basic Provisions No. 442);

c) determining the amount of the advance paid to the guaranteeing supplier for electricity in the absence of data on consumption volumes for the previous billing period(clause 82, paragraph 5 clause 83 of the Basic Provisions No. 442);

d) application in retail markets of settlement methods for accounting for electrical energy (capacity) - paragraphs. 166, 178, 179, 181, 195 and Annex 3 to the Guidelines No. 442;

e) assignment of consumers to a certain subgroup of the group "other consumers". The subgroup depends on the value of the maximum power of power receiving devices belonging to the consumer (clause 4 Guidelines on the calculation of marketing allowances of guaranteeing suppliers, approved. order of the FTS of Russia dated October 30, 2012 No. 703-e).

If the documents on technological connection do not contain information on the maximum power value or these documents have been lost, the grid organization may reissue them and indicate the missing information. To do this, the consumer must submit an application. The right to do so is established by paragraph 13(1) of Regulation No. 861, sub. "b" clause 59 of the Rules for Technological Connection. The network organization can approve any application form. Usually the form is posted on the website of the organization. The list of documents to be attached to the application is given in the Rules for Technological Connection. It is closed. The network organization is not entitled to expand it and require the applicant additional information and documents.

Methods for determining the maximum power value for such re-registration are listed in clause 77 of the Rules for Technological Connection.

Calculation methods for determining power can be used in the following cases:

• the absence of the maximum power value in the documents on technological connection;
• failure to report the value of the maximum power to the guaranteeing supplier;
• the absence of the maximum power value in the contract for the purchase of electrical energy with a guaranteeing supplier.

These methods are given, for example, in para. 9 p. 86 of the Basic Provisions No. 442, sub. "a" paragraph 1 of Appendix 3 to the Basic Provisions No. 442.

When drawing up documents on technological connection, the parties, unfortunately, do not always follow the requirements of the legislation in the field of electric power industry. It is no secret that instead of the maximum power, documents may indicate other values, for example: permitted power, one-time power, permitted load, one-time load, installed power, etc. And these quantities can be measured in kVA, not MW.

Is it possible to determine the maximum capacity of electricity based on such values ​​for the period while the documents on technological connection are being reissued? Consider jurisprudence.

Maximum and permitted power

The opinions of the courts on the relationship between the concepts of maximum and permitted power diverge.

For reference

Max Power- the largest amount of power determined for simultaneous use by power receiving devices (power grid facilities) in accordance with the documents on technological connection and due to the composition of the power receiving equipment (power grid facilities) and the technological process of the consumer, within which the grid organization assumes the obligation to ensure the transmission of electrical energy, measured in megawatts.

Rules for non-discriminatory access to services for the transmission of electrical energy and the provision of these services, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 27, 2004

Position 1

The courts rely on the definitions of the concepts "maximum power" and "permitted power", given respectively in paragraph 2 of Regulation No. 861 and methodological recommendations on the regulation of relations between the energy supply organization and the consumer, approved. First Deputy Minister of Energy of the Russian Federation on January 19, 2002 and Chairman of the FEC of Russia on January 15, 2002. And they think they are different.

In the ruling dated 12.08.2014 No. F05-8168/2014 in case No. A40-124653/13, the Arbitration Court of the Moscow District recognized that the defendant’s determination of the maximum power on the basis of the registers dated November 10, 2012 is based on the substitution of the concepts of “permitted power” and “maximum power".

The Ninth Arbitration Court of Appeal came to similar conclusions in its decisions No. 09AP-15598/2014-GK dated 07.07.2014 in case No. A40-177747/13, and No. 09AP-32028/2014-GK dated 08.09.2014 in case No. A40-124663 /13, dated November 27, 2014 No. 09AP-46988/2014-GK in case No. A40-76922/14, etc.

For reference

Permitted power- the amount of electric power that the power supply organization allowed the subscriber (consumer) to connect to its networks on the basis of technical specifications.

• Disclosure of information by organizations providing services in the field of heat supply

Position 2

The Thirteenth Arbitration Court of Appeal, considering case No. A56-69450/2013, reasoned as follows.

Clause 1.5 of the contract states that the units of measurement of electric power can be kW, kVA, kvar.

Based on the definitions of the maximum and permitted capacities given in the regulatory and methodological documents (all the same Rules No. 861 and Methodological recommendations), the court pointed to the equivalence of these concepts. And he confirmed the legitimacy of the additional charge to the volume of electricity consumed of using a power of 70 kVA to calculate electricity consumption (decision of the Thirteenth Arbitration Court of Appeal dated 08/01/2014 in case No. A56-69450 / 2013).

The Fifteenth Arbitration Court of Appeal came to the same opinion in its decisions dated November 05, 2014 in case No. А53-9854/2014, dated June 10, 2015 in case No. А32-47887/2014.

The Ninth Arbitration Court of Appeal, relying on the definition of the concept of "maximum power" in the current legislation (clause 2 of Rules No. 861), ruled that the values ​​​​of the permitted and installed capacities indicated in the Register of power supply sources, power receiving equipment and commercial metering of electricity and power and in the acts of delimitation of balance sheet ownership and operational responsibility, cannot exceed the maximum power.

Thus, if the value of the one-time or permitted power is entered in the documents on technological connection, it should be taken as the maximum power. In the case under consideration, it exceeded 670 kW. The court confirmed the plaintiff's right to apply the third price category for settlements (decision of the Fifteenth Arbitration Court of Appeal dated September 15, 2015 No. 09AP-33390/2015-GK in case No. A40-175496/2014).

The same position was taken by the Ninth Arbitration Court of Appeal in decisions dated June 15, 2015 No. 09AP-15324/2015-GK in case No. A40-175548/14, dated August 20, 2015 No. 09AP-29355/2015-GK in case No. A40-47482/ 2014, dated 02.09.2015 No. 09AP-31443/2015-GK in case No. А40-175572/2014 and others; The Tenth Arbitration Court of Appeal in rulings dated May 14, 2015 in case No. A41-74357/14, dated May 21, 2015 in case No. A41-74359/14, etc.

In Resolution No. 09AAP-22125/2014-GK dated July 23, 2014 in case No. A40-170595/13, the Ninth Arbitration Court of Appeal recognized the plaintiff's actions to determine the maximum power by calculation as lawful in the absence of relevant information from the defendant.

When considering some cases, the courts, among other evidence, took into account the opinion of the grid organization on the acceptance of the one-time (permitted) power values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in the documents on technological connection as the maximum power (for example, the decision of the Ninth Arbitration Court of Appeal of 09/02/2015 in case No. A40-175572 / 2014).

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Reasons for disagreement

The lack of uniformity in opinion on the relationship between the concepts of “maximum power” and “permitted power” can be explained by the vagueness of the wording of the concept of “permitted power”:

• "permitted power" - the amount of electrical power that the power supply organization allowed the subscriber (consumer) to connect to its networks on the basis of technical specifications.

The term "attach" indicates the possibility of considering the permitted power as connected. Its definition is contained in paragraph 2 of Regulation No. 861. Here, the connected power is understood as the total value of the rated power of the connected to electrical network(including indirectly) transformers and power receivers of the consumer of electrical energy, calculated in megavolt-amperes.

The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation pointed out the non-identity of the concepts of maximum power and connected power. The court proceeded from the essence of these concepts. The maximum power is determined by one essential feature - the technological process of the consumer. They are limited by the ability to use all available power receiving and power grid equipment at full capacity at the same time. Connected power does not take into account the technological process and contains the entire total rated (full) power of power receiving devices and transformers (determination of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of February 13, 2015 in case No. 310-ES14-2973, A14-8279 / 2013).

The term “allowed” in the definition of permitted power indicates a sign that is more inherent in maximum power and expressed in its definition: “the highest amount of power determined for one-time use” (clause 2 of Regulation No. 861).

The network organization is obliged to provide:

• proper functioning of the power grid facilities belonging to it;
• fulfillment of obligations to consumers whose electric power facilities are connected to its networks.

Therefore, for a network organization, the value of the power that the connected objects use in certain moment time. Therefore, it makes sense to limit the issuance of permission to use a certain value to the maximum power.

This ambiguity can be eliminated by sending a request to the grid organization about what should be understood by the amount of permitted power specified in the relevant documents on technological connection - maximum or connected power.

Maximum and one-time power

When a one-time power is indicated in the technological connection documents, the courts decide that the maximum power corresponds to this value.

Example

The Ninth Arbitration Court of Appeal in case No. A40-127374/13 was guided by the following.

In the register, the consumer is assigned a one-time power of 1860 kVA. From the concept of maximum power, established by clause 2 of Regulation No. 861, it follows that this is the power determined for one-time use by power receiving devices. The word "one-time" is defined by the court as a synonym for the word "one-time". Also, according to the court, these concepts have the same physical meaning in relation to the amount of power: this is the amount of power that the network organization has allowed the consumer to use in each unit of time.

The defendant did not send documents confirming a different power value to the energy supply organization, the corresponding changes were not made to the energy supply agreement. The court considered it lawful to apply the one-time (permitted) power as the maximum power (decision of the Ninth Arbitration Court of Appeal dated 02.10.2014 No. 09AP-25025/2014 in case No. A40-127374/13).

In the decision of October 30, 2014 No. 09AP-42877/2014 in case No. A40-76744/2014, the Ninth Arbitration Court of Appeal also indicated that the values ​​of the one-time power and the maximum power correspond.

Maximum power and permitted or one-time load

The concepts of "maximum power" and "permissible load", "one-time load" are accepted by the courts as identical.

Example

The Thirteenth Arbitration Court of Appeal, in its ruling dated 09/03/2014 in case No. A56-72431 / 2013, recognized that the permitted load should be used when classifying a consumer in a certain price category.

In January 1994, the consumer and the Pushkin Electric Networks Enterprise entered into an agreement for the supply of electricity to the facility. At that time, the enterprise was an energy supply organization. The appendix to the contract included the value of the permitted load for the consumer's power receiving device - 850 kVA. This characterizes the device itself, and not a specific point of delivery. This means that when determining the price category, the guaranteeing supplier must be guided by the specified value. The concept of maximum power did not yet exist at that time, Rules No. 861 were adopted only 10 years later. In fact, in this contract, the permitted load is the maximum power.

Considering case No. A40-155596/14, the Arbitration Court of the Moscow District recognized as legitimate the assignment of a consumer to a category where the maximum power of power receiving devices is 670 kW or more. The court proceeded from the value given in the act of delimitation of balance sheet ownership and operational responsibility and the annex to the energy supply contract installed capacity 1820 kVA with a one-time load of 1267 kVA (decision of the Arbitration Court of the Moscow District of October 13, 2015 No. F05-13534 / 2015).

The conclusion that the value of the one-time load corresponds to the maximum power of the power receiving devices was also made by the Ninth Arbitration Court of Appeal in the decision of 10.10.2014 No. 09AP-38152/2014 in case No. A40-26115/2014 and the Tenth Arbitration Court of Appeal in the decision of 27.10. 2014 in case No. A41-31139/14.

Maximum and installed power

Apparently, the issue of the ratio of maximum power and installed power was not submitted for judicial consideration.

The concept of "installed capacity" was defined by GOST 19431-84 "Power engineering and electrification. Terms and Definitions":

• The installed power of an electrical installation is the highest active electrical power with which an electrical installation can operate for a long time without overload in accordance with specifications or passport for equipment (clause 50).

Therefore, the installed power is technical specifications electrical installations. Its value does not affect the volume of obligations of the grid organization or the consumer. On the contrary, within the maximum capacity, the grid organization undertakes to ensure the transmission of electrical energy. So, taking into account clause 50 of GOST 19431–84, the installed capacity is not identical to the maximum capacity.

Converting power from megavolt-amperes to megawatts

In volt-amperes, it is customary to measure the total power (S). In watts - active power (P).

Apparent and active power are related by the relation:

where Q is reactive power.

Active power is calculated by the formula:

where cos φ is the power factor, φ is the angle between apparent power and active power in the "power triangle". This is right triangle, where the total power is the hypotenuse, and the active and reactive powers are the legs.

If the listed values ​​are indicated in megavolt-amperes in documents on technological connection, the problem arises of converting them into megawatts. After all, the maximum power is measured precisely in megawatts (paragraph 7, clause 2 of Regulation No. 861).

The courts decide this issue in the following way.

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Position 1

To convert MVA to MW, the power factor (cos φ) is applied, established by clause 20 of the Guidelines for determining the amount of payment for technological connection to electric networks, approved. by order of the FTS of Russia dated September 11, 2012 No. 209-e / 1 (hereinafter - Guidelines No. 209-e / 1):

“if the submitted materials contain quantities measured in kVA, then when calculating for the technological connection, the conversion of 1 kVA to 1 kW is carried out according to the formula: kVA x cos φ = kW, where cos φ = 0.89.”

The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation rejected the argument about the impossibility of using the permitted power in calculating the maximum power of the consumer's power receiving devices. The court pointed out that paragraph 20 of Methodological Instructions No. 209-e / 1 established a reduction factor of 0.89. And if there is no evidence substantiating the actual value of the maximum power, then it is legitimate to use this coefficient and the value of the permitted power for calculations (determination of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of December 24, 2014 No. 305-ES14-6557 in case No. A41-6187 / 2014).

Similar decisions were made by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in ruling No. 305-ES14-6556 dated December 24, 2014 in case No. A41-62949/2013; The Arbitration Court of the Moscow District in its decision dated 09/01/2015 No. F05-11368 / 2015 in case No. A40-151505 / 14 and others.

Position 2

There are court decisions stating that the power factor (cos φ) can be determined in terms of the reactive power factor (tg φ). The limit values ​​of this coefficient are given in the order of the Ministry of Industry and Energy of Russia dated February 22, 2007 No. 49.

Thus, the Tenth Arbitration Court of Appeal concluded that a one-time load of 800 kVA from the act of delimitation of balance sheet ownership and operational responsibility corresponds to the concept of maximum power of power receiving devices. At the same time, the court gave a formula for determining active power:

where Pa - active power, kW;
Rp - full power, kVA;
cos φ - power factor, dimensionless quantity. Its value is determined in the act of delimitation of balance sheet ownership and operational responsibility, or is taken equal to 0.9 (Order of the Ministry of Industry and Energy of Russia dated February 22, 2007 No. 49).

The maximum power of the defendant's power receiving devices was calculated based on the terms of the contract and clause 97 of the Basic Provisions: 800 kVA x 0.9 = 720 kW (decision of the Tenth Arbitration Court of Appeal dated 10/27/2014 in case No. A41-31139 / 14).

The value of cos φ is also given by other regulations. For example, in Appendix 3 "Calculation methods for accounting for electrical energy (capacity) in retail electrical energy markets" to the Basic Provisions No. 442, it is established that at maximum load and in the absence of data in the contract, the value of the power factor is taken to be 0.9 (paragraph 15 sub. "a" p. 1).

1. If the documents on technological connection do not contain the value of the maximum power, but the permitted power is indicated, it is possible to justify their compliance. To do this, you must obtain appropriate confirmation from the network organization.

2. If the values ​​of one-time power, permitted load, one-time load are entered into the technological connection documents, they can be used as the maximum power value.

3. The installed power given in the technological connection documents cannot be used instead of the maximum power.

4. The power value indicated in kVA is converted to the maximum power value measured in kW using the power factor (cos φ):

• given in paragraph 20 of the Guidelines No. 209-e / 1;
• calculated by the reactive power factor (tg φ) from the order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated June 23, 2015 No. 380;
• established par. 15 sub. "a" paragraph 1 of Appendix 3 to the Basic Provisions No. 442.

Light / Electrical connection

What is maximum power and how is it calculated? This question arises before anyone who begins to think about connecting their facility to the power grid. We publish the answer to this question from the specialists of the Interregional Distribution Grid Company (IDGC) of the Urals.

what is "maximum power"? How is it calculated?

"Maximum power" - the largest amount of power determined for simultaneous use by power receiving devices (power grid facilities) in accordance with the documents on technological connection and due to the composition of the power receiving equipment (power grid facilities) and the technological process of the consumer, within which the grid organization assumes obligations to ensure the transmission of electrical energy, calculated in megawatts (MW).

In the case of residential consumers (residential buildings individuals) the maximum power of electrical installations of each consumer is calculated as the algebraic sum of the rated powers according to the passports of all electrical receivers (electric water heaters, lighting, household appliances, etc.) multiplied by the electric power demand factor. In other words, this is the power that you will consume if you turn on everything that you want to include in the network. For individuals, it should not exceed 15 kW.

Usually it is less than the sum of the capacities of all electrical receivers in an apartment (house), because. rarely does anyone turn on the lights in the whole house at the same time, all the TVs, underfloor heating, stove, oven, kettle, microwave and vacuum at this time. The situation is quite real when having electrical appliances for 25-30 kW in the house, the consumer constantly consumes no more than 5-7 kW at the same time. According to the typical daily load schedules for electrical installations of household consumers, the maximum power is not a value that characterizes the average constant load of a household consumer. This is the value of the short-term maximum load that occurs during the hours of the morning and evening maxima. Most of the time, the consumer simultaneously requires power, which is several times lower than the maximum.

After buying a home on the secondary real estate market, first of all, the new owners, as a rule, change the wiring. In the process of this, it turns out that with the replacement of the introductory circuit breaker not so simple. If for the installation of the same type of model it is enough to call the electricians of the company providing services, then for the connection of AB with a large rated current, it is required to submit an application so that the allocated power of electricity is increased. Detailed information on this issue is provided below.

What is "allocated power capacity"?

To explain the meaning of this term plain language, then the allocated (or allowed) power is the maximum allowable load on the consumer's network. It is established in accordance with current regulations and is indicated in the power supply contract.

Those who want to understand this issue in detail should have an idea of ​​the connected, installed, one-time and permitted power. Let's give short definition each of them:

• Attached, this term means the total installed capacity of all electrical receivers powered from the consumer's network.
• Installed- specified in technical documentation to electrical equipment, that is, one in which consumer devices will operate in normal mode.
• One-time – calculated value power consumption of electrical installation equipment for a certain time.
• Dedicated (allowed)- the maximum one-time power that the consumer can connect to the grid of the power supply company. This parameter is indicated in the technical specifications for the connection of energy receiving facilities and in the contract between the consumer and the organization supplying electricity.

What is the danger of exceeding the permitted power?

At the moment, when an excess is detected maximum load the power company introduces a mode of consumption limitation. The reason for this is a violation of the obligations prescribed in the energy supply agreement. As a rule, consumption limitation is a shutdown electric current. The algorithm for sending such a notification is shown in the figure.

After 10 days, after sending the notice, the company performs a power outage. To avoid this, the consumer must eliminate the violation within ten days, and then contact the service provider to draw up an appropriate act. Electricity supply will be resumed after the electric company has paid a penalty in accordance with the contract.

More serious consequences may arise if, in addition to violating the amount of allocated energy, an accusation of uncontrolled consumption of electricity is brought. The basis for this will be the removal of seals from the introductory machine. You can get more detailed information about the consequences of uncontrolled electricity consumption, electricity metering rules, etc. on our website.

Rules and Regulations

The electrification of any facility is carried out in accordance with the specifications developed by the company providing electricity services. In one of the paragraphs of this document, the parameters of the allocated power for the consumer's network are indicated. The power supply company forms the specifications on the basis of the declared capacity, justified by calculations.

During the electrification of residential and public buildings are guided by SP 31 110 2003 and temporary instruction PM 2696 01. According to these documents, residential buildings belonging to the 1st category are not standardized in terms of power output. That is, if there is technical possibility, then such objects are formed on the basis of the submitted application.

For residential buildings of the 2nd category, two electrification standards are provided:

1. 5 - 7 kW, for private house or an apartment with gas stoves.
2. 8 - 11 kW - with electric stoves.

In this case, the lower threshold for power release is provided for small apartments in houses under construction under the social housing program. Note that these standards were established relatively recently; for electrical installations of residential facilities built before 2006, they were lower.

How to find out how much power is allocated?

Those who do not know the amount of permitted power for a house or apartment can use the following methods to obtain information:

1. Get a certificate from the power supply company. It should be borne in mind that such a service is considered paid, for example, in Mosenergosbyt, you will have to pay from 1.3 to 3.1 thousand rubles for it, depending on the category of a residential facility.
2. Search for the required parameter in the power supply contract or technical specification.
3. Obtain information empirically by looking at input parameters protective device. The fact is that in most cases, in addition to its direct functions, it plays the role of a power limiter. To set its maximum value, it is enough to know the operating current of the machine.

The figure shows a diffuser with a working current of 32 A (I nom). Therefore, the maximum allowable load power can be calculated by the formula: P max \u003d U x I nom x 0.8; where U is the rated voltage of the network. Therefore, 230 x 32 x 0.8 ≈ 5.5 kW.

Of all the options presented, the most reliable is the first, especially since a certificate will still be needed if it is planned to increase the allocated power (it is included in the package). required documents).

A calculation based on the operating current of the introductory machine should not be trusted too much. Some models of modern electronic counters have a built-in load relay. In such cases, the rated current of the machine may be overestimated.

Calculation of the required power

This calculation will be needed to understand whether the amount of allocated electrical power for an apartment or house will be sufficient. To do this, you will need to calculate the maximum load by summing up the relevant parameters of all consumer electrical installations. Moreover, it is necessary to take into account all household electrical appliances that can be turned on at the same time.

As a rule, all the necessary information indicated on a sticker affixed to the equipment case or provided in the documentation. In the event that the sticker has become illegible, and the technical passport has been lost, you can use the table, which shows the typical active power of household equipment.

After calculating the total consumption, do not rush to consider the work completed, you need to add a reserve, taking into account the possible increase in load over time. As a rule, the size of the reserve is set at 20-30% of the calculated parameters.

By adding these two values, we get a result that can be compared with the allowed power. If it turns out to be less than the calculated loads, it makes sense to think about applying for an additional 1 kW or 3 kW. Details on the connection of additional kilowatts will be discussed below.

How to increase the allocated power?

Unfortunately, the norms of electrical energy consumption do not keep up with the growth of active load. In residential premises, more and more household power receiving devices appear, the simultaneous operation of which causes the thermal protection of the input AB to operate. There are only two ways out of this situation:

1. Reduce household consumption by refusing the one-time operation of a piece of equipment, which may cause some discomfort.
2. Contact your electricity supplier for additional capacity.

Since consuming less electricity is not an option, the latter option is the most rational. Consider how to increase the amount of electricity to individuals and legal entities. Let's start with the first.

For a private person

The algorithm of actions can be conditionally divided into the following stages:

1. Preparation of necessary documents.
2. Drawing up a project for the electrification of a residential facility.
3. The process of coordinating the developed project with the company providing services for the possibility of technological connection or increase in electric power.
4. Project approval in local authority Energy Supervision.
5. Inspection of the electrical installation with the subsequent preparation of an appropriate report and an admission certificate confirming the readiness of the facility for operation under the new conditions of power supply to power receiving installations. The report is compiled by an employee of the electric company, the act of admission - by a representative of Energonadzor.
6. The completed documents are sent to the electric company, after which it increases the amount permissible load(released power).

Now we list the package of necessary documents, they are almost identical to those needed when connecting electricity:

As a rule, the company involved in the development of the project simultaneously offers services for its implementation. In some cases, it makes sense to use their help so as not to waste time.

For legal entities and enterprises

Technically, the procedure for allocating additional capacity for legal entities and private traders is practically the same. The difference lies in the package of necessary documents. For example, instead of identity documents, it is necessary to prepare constituent documents.

Each certificate, contract, photocopy of a document, etc. must be certified by the round seal of the consumer enterprise and the signature of the responsible person.

Important to know:

Ever since Soviet times, for exceeded consumption limits, the electricity supplier “punished” the consumer with multiple fines. A similar situation is observed now in the gas market, when, in case of overspending, the consumer pays the supplier the price of gas, increased by a factor of 1.1 or 1.5, depending on the season.
In the electricity market, enterprises and organizations plan their own consumption and provide it in February-March for the next year with details by months.
The annual plan is often adjusted before the start of the electricity supply year.
Another adjustment occurs before the beginning of the month of electricity supply.
And for some consumers, you also need to send an hourly plan "for tomorrow" or "for the day after tomorrow" every day.
With so many applications / adjustments, it becomes completely unclear to the consumer which of his plans affect the final cost of electricity supply, and which do not. Based on what plans are the consumption limits determined and whether they are determined at all.
Let's figure this out.

Planning for the year and for the month.
I can say right away - no plans for a month, as filed before the start calendar year, and before the beginning of the delivery month, do not affect the final cost of electricity supply to the consumer of the guaranteeing supplier.
Moreover, there are no provisions in the current legislation obliging the consumer to provide these plans.
Even advance payments must be calculated by the supplier of last resort on the basis of the actual consumption of the enterprise for the previous month, and not on the basis of the consumption plan.
The provider of last resort only requests plans for its business processes.
The plan for the next year, submitted before April 1, is needed to form an application for the consolidated forecast balance of production and supply of electricity (forecast, according to which the planning of the work of the electric power industry across the country is carried out), as well as for the application of the last resort supplier for tariff regulation and the establishment of a SOE sales margin.
A plan before the beginning of the year, as well as before the beginning of the month, is most often needed by the GP for their business planning.
In this regard, I do not consider it appropriate to refuse the guaranteeing supplier "out of harm" and not to give my planned consumption volumes. However, when carrying out planning, the energy services of the enterprise must understand that deviations from the plans provided by the GP will not lead to any financial liability for the enterprise, much less to multiple fines.

Daily planning.
The rules of the retail electricity market stipulate that the consumer is obliged to inform the GP of the consumption plan two days before the day on which the planning is carried out, as well as to pay for deviations in the actual volume of consumption from the planned values ​​only if the consumer himself demanded and the GP included a condition on consumption planning in the contract. That is, if the consumer has chosen for calculations less profitable for himself.
If the consumer uses others for calculations, no GP plans need to be provided.
Accordingly, no financial responsibility for consumers of 1, 2, 3, 4 price categories of the GP is also provided.
If the consumer himself has not chosen price categories 5 or 6 for settlements with the last resort supplier, in accordance with the current legislation, he is not obliged to send any planned consumption volumes to the last resort supplier.

It turns out that the enterprise can consume any amount of electricity without restrictions?
No. An essential condition of the electricity supply contract is the value in MW. The legislation provides for liability in the form of payment for unmetered consumption according to the permissible current load of the introductory wire (cable), as well as.
For example, if the maximum power of the consumer, set in the technological connection documents, is 500 kW, then for any hour the consumption of electricity by the enterprise should not exceed 500 kWh.
Within the maximum capacity, the consumer has the right to consume any amount of electricity without any approval or notification of the guaranteeing supplier or grid organization.
If the acts of delimitation of the balance sheet belonging of the consumer do not indicate the value of the maximum power, or it is indicated in MVA, it is necessary.

Permitted, declared power.
The consumer should not plan not only the amount of electricity, but also the amount of power.
The concept of "permitted power" is generally absent in the legislation in the field of electric power industry. Within the limits of maximum power, the consumer does not need any permits to consume electricity. And if the volume of electricity consumption per hour is less than the amount of maximum power, then the consumer's power will not exceed the maximum power.
Sometimes, however, they simply confuse the concepts of permitted and maximum power. It happens that the definition of "maximum permitted power" is encountered. The presence of such definitions in documents on technological connection greatly complicates the life of consumers. After all, the network still needs to prove that when calling the power allowed, the consumer meant the maximum.
The term "declared capacity" is in the legislation. But it is used only for relationships between network organizations. The consumer should not have any declared capacity, and even more so sanctions for exceeding it.

Demand planning for electricity supply through an energy sales organization
Unlike an agreement with a supplier of last resort, requirements with an energy sales organization are much less strictly regulated by law and may contain conditions for the consumer to provide consumption plans, as well as liability for deviations from them.
The consumption plan for the coming year is needed by the ESO, as well as the SOE, to form a consolidated forecast balance of production and supply of electricity.
A plan sent by the consumer before the start of the month to form advance payments. An hourly plan for the day ahead is required for submitting bids to the trading system of the wholesale electricity market for a group of consumer supply points. Deviations from this plan are paid by the ESO in the WECM balancing market at less than favorable price than planned consumption.
The requirement not to exceed the maximum capacity applies to consumers, regardless of whether an agreement has been concluded with a supplier of last resort or with an energy sales organization.

You can find out what the consumer should do if the contract establishes penalties for shortage / oversupply of electricity / power, exceeding consumption limits, you can.

We bring to your attention the concepts collected in one place "Power" :

Transformer power - this is the total power of transformers of power receiving devices of the consumer of electrical energy, calculated in(MBA)

Declared power - the limit value of the power consumed in the current period of power regulation, determined by the agreement between the grid organization and the consumer of services for the transmission of electric energy, calculated inmegawatts (10 6 )

Max Power - the value of power, due to the composition of the power-receiving equipment and the technological process of the consumer, calculated inmegawatts (10 6 )

Connected power - the total value of the rated power connected to the electrical network (including indirectly) transformers and power receivers of the consumer of electrical energy, calculated in(MBA)

Power of the electrical installation (groups of electrical installations) — The total active power delivered to this moment time by a generating electrical installation (a group of electrical installations) to receivers of electrical energy, including losses in electrical networks [ ]

Installed power of the electrical installation - The highest active electrical power with which the electrical installation can operate for a long time without overload in accordance with the technical specifications or the passport for the equipment [ ]

Connected power of the electrical installation - The sum of the rated powers of transformers and receivers of electrical energy of the consumer, directly connected to the electrical network [ ]

Instant Power - called the product of the instantaneous voltage applied to the circuit and the instantaneous value of the current in this circuit

Full power - a value equal to the product of the effective values ​​\u200b\u200bof periodic electric current I in circuit and voltage U on her clamps: S = U I;

The unit of total electrical power is volt-ampere ( VA, V A);
Full power has practical value, as a value that describes the loads actually imposed by the consumer on the elements of the supply network (wires, cables, switchboards, transformers, power lines), since these loads depend on the consumed current, and not on the energy actually used by the consumer. That is why the rated power of transformers and switchboards measured in(VA), not in

Estimated power - the value of the expected power at a given level of power supply. Given power is an the most important indicator, based on it, electrical equipment is selected. Estimated power shows the actual value of consumption by power receiving devices and depends on the specific consumer ( apartment buildings, various industries). Obtaining the value of the design power is a complex task, which must take into account various factors such as load seasonality, technology features. Based on statistical data, tables of utilization factors have been developed, according to which the value of the design capacity is found as the product of the installed capacity and the utilization factor

Reactive power - due to the ability of reactive elements to accumulate and give off electrical or magnetic energy. Capacitive load in the circuit alternating current during half a period, it accumulates a charge in the capacitor plates and gives it back to the source. An inductive load stores magnetic energy in the coils and returns it to the power supply as electrical energy. Reactive power in the network can be either excess or deficit, this is due to the nature of installed equipment. Excessive reactive power (the capacitive nature of the network prevails) leads to an increase in the voltage of the network, while scarce (the predominance of the inductive nature of the network) leads to a decrease in voltage. Because in distribution networks in most cases, inductance prevails over capacitance, i.e. there is a shortage of reactive power, then capacitive elements are artificially introduced into the network, designed to compensate for the inductive nature of the network, as a result, to reduce the phase shift between the mains voltage and current, which means to transfer to the consumer to a greater extent only active power, and reactive "generate" on the spot. This principle is widely used by network companies that oblige consumers to install compensating devices, however, the installation of these devices is needed to a greater extent by the network company, and not by each consumer individually. measured in Reactive Volt-Amps (VAr)