How to plant hyacinths in a pot. Is it possible to adjust the flowering to a certain moment
Hyacinths are very beautiful plants with bright and colorful flowers that look like small bells. Flowers can be single or double with a variety of colors, have a pleasant aroma and early period flowering. This is garden plant, but if you create conditions close to natural, you can successfully grow hyacinths at home.
Hyacinth is interesting in that it can be grown in garden conditions, as well as at home. But it cannot constantly grow in some kind of container and delight you with flowering. In the process of forcing, the bulbs are greatly depleted, and they do not have enough strength to re-bloom. Therefore, the bulbs must be bought already prepared, past the dormant period. With the right observance of all conditions, you will get wonderful fragrant hyacinth inflorescences.
When to plant hyacinth at home?
Most often, a flowering plant is expected to be received by a certain holiday or date. On average, 14-15 weeks pass from the moment of planting to flowering, so you need to calculate this period in advance and start planting the plant on time.
How does hyacinth grow at home?
The plant grows best on windows facing south or southeast, because it loves the sun very much. During the day, the flower must be under lighting for at least 15 hours, in winter time you can additionally illuminate the hyacinth with fluorescent lamps.
But, despite all the love of the plant for light, it must be protected from exposure to direct sunlight, so in the midst of sunny day it is better to remove the flower from the window or shade it with something. So that the plant does not lean to one side, it must be rotated periodically.
The temperature regime should be from 20 to 22 degrees, there should be no sudden changes in temperature and drafts.
You can also grow hyacinths without soil - in water. This method is called hydroponics. The water must contain dissolved mineral fertilizers. It is necessary to ensure that the bulb is only partially immersed in the container - with the bottom. At first, the plant is placed in a dark and cool place, and with the appearance of roots, it is transferred to a bright room.
Breeding hyacinths at home
Thanks to the success of breeders, at this stage of time, there are many varieties of hyacinths. Many of them can be grown at home. All home hyacinths belong to the same species - oriental.
To grow beautiful and healthy hyacinths at home, you need to properly prepare:
- choose high-quality planting material;
- choose the appropriate container;
- buy or prepare soil.
Bulbs are recommended to be used healthy, without damage and rot, with a diameter of at least 5 centimeters, it is advisable to take them in a specialized store. A small bulb may not bloom in the first year. It is best to purchase bulbs at the end of summer, after a natural dormant period.
Before landing, it is necessary to treat it with special disinfectants.
Next, you need to choose a suitable container for planting. It shouldn't be very deep. It does not matter what material it is made of, the main thing is that there are drainage holes.
The soil can be purchased at the store (but it should not have an acidic environment) or you can make it yourself by mixing components such as turf, compost, leaf ground and humus in a ratio of 1: 1, and adding a little peat and sand.
Hyacinth must be constantly fed and fertilized. Universal fertilizer for indoor plants perfect for this.
How to plant hyacinths at home?
At the bottom of the tank, a drainage layer of expanded clay is poured. Spread a small layer of soil and cover with a thin layer of sand. One or several bulbs are placed on the sand to form a whole bouquet of flowers.
When placing several bulbs, make sure that they do not come into contact with each other and with the container.
The bulbs are gently pressed into the ground and covered with earth, the top of the bulb must remain in the air, one and a half centimeters. From above, you can fall asleep with a thin layer of sand, this will protect the plant from decay.
After planting, it is necessary to moisten the soil, wrap the container in an opaque bag and place it in a cold room, such as a cellar or garage, it can also be a refrigerator. In the cold, the bulb should be from 6 to 10 weeks. The temperature should not be higher than 5 degrees and there should be no lighting at all.
For hyacinth, such conditions serve as an imitation of winter; without them, it will not be able to bloom. During this period, care is minimized, it is only necessary to occasionally get the plant and check that the soil does not dry out.
As soon as a sprout appears, no more than 5 cm high, the plant must be moved to a bright and warmer room, to create the effect of "spring". There the flower is until the formation of the first buds, then, increase the temperature to 20-22 degrees. Change temperature regime should be smooth, otherwise the plant may get sick and not bloom.
How to care for hyacinths at home?
Hyacinth is unpretentious plant and with proper care, flower growers with different levels skills.
With improper care of hyacinth, the following problems may occur:
- The flower stops blooming. Most often this is due to unsuitable temperature conditions.
- . This can happen with improper watering or due to drafts.
- Leaf wilting. With a lack of natural light.
- Falling buds. Blame it improper watering.
- Flower decay. This happens with too frequent or abundant watering.
Hyacinth: how to water at home?
You need to make sure that the soil around the bulb does not dry out. It must be watered regularly and carefully, while it must be controlled so that water does not fall on the plant itself (leaves, flowers), this can cause them to rot. Water must be poured onto the edge of the container or into the pan. Excess water must be poured out so that the root system does not rot. Water should be settled or filtered, at room temperature.
The plant does not need spraying.
Once every two weeks, feed the flowering plant with liquid complex fertilizer for flowering plants, according to the instructions.
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Based on popular belief, about 30 types of hyacinths are found in nature, but some attribute everything to one species, including many varieties. Be that as it may, the garden hyacinth comes from the oriental hyacinth and its varieties.
Varieties and types
AT natural form hyacinth orientalis represents a bulbous perennial up to 30 cm tall, with shiny or matte belt-like leaves up to 20 cm long, bright green and fragrant bell-shaped flowers of various colors. Flowers form inflorescences-brushes of 12-35 pieces. The flowering period begins in the last spring days and lasts 10-15 days.
One of the most common classifications of hyacinths is their division precisely according to the color of the flowers. For example:
pink hyacinth - it is most likely resistant to weather conditions hyacinth fondant with mother-of-pearl inflorescence up to 20 cm long and large 4.5 cm flowers.
Early rose variety — pink pearl hyacinth - with an inflorescence in the form of a cone, it has a dark stripe on the perianth and is distinguished by oblong (up to 7 cm) bracts, resembling leaves in its shape.
Of these varieties, it should also be noted:
- tea pink hyacinth with an apricot-salmon shade of flowers and a rich smell.
- hyacinth anna maria up to 25 cm high, with a cylindrical 10 cm inflorescence of a pale pink hue, flowers up to 3.5 cm in diameter, blooming for 15 days, starting from the middle part of April.
White hyacinth is represented by varieties
- with white cylindrical inflorescences up to 22 cm tall;
- - up to 35 cm long, fragrant and, most importantly, resistant to diseases, which makes it easy to care for even an inexperienced novice in floriculture, and several others.
Blue hyacinth includes such varieties
- delft blue the variety is characterized by a height of up to 23 cm, spacious inflorescences up to 12 cm in length, large blue 4 cm flowers and early flowering from mid-April.
- Aida very effective due to the overall, very fragrant and unusually lush inflorescences, consisting of star-shaped flowers of a dark blue hue, iridescent in the sun with blue-violet tones during flowering in April and May.
- blue star has blue flowers with a whitish border, up to 4 cm in diameter, forming cylindrical inflorescences, and begins to bloom in April.
Variety of coloring hyacinths
As noted above, the variety of colorings of hyacinths is very large. Therefore, among them there are cream and yellow , such as the variety hyacinth city of haarlem up to 28, blooming with last days April.
orange , as hyacinth gypsy queen with a persistent aroma, well suited for distillation at home.
flowers woodstock hyacinth up to 15 cm long have a purple-raspberry color, moreover, the tips of its leaves are also painted in raspberry color - this new variety exudes an elegant aroma and is optimally suited for distillation at home.
Garden large-flowered hyacinth miss saigon with curly tassels of tender inflorescences lilac color also boasts a persistent aroma and is rightfully considered one of the leaders among plants for spring (the flowering period begins in April) decoration of flower beds.
30 cm high, has lilac flowers with whitish edging, also begins to bloom in April.
Hyacinths planting and care in the open field
For successful landing hyacinths in open ground in our conditions, a number of nuances should be taken into account. Planting is recommended to be planned for the end of September - the beginning of October, picking up medium-sized bulbs, as they are more resistant to bad weather.
When planting, it is necessary to observe the depth (15-18 cm) and density (20 cm), and when making preliminary digging, add peat or normally rotted compost. Hyacinth is demanding on watering, especially in the heat during budding, flowering and 2 weeks after flowering.
In addition to loosening and weeding the soil on the site, it is recommended to process it in advance (in August) up to 40 cm deep. Humus is introduced in the amount of 10-15 kg per square meter.
Transplanting hyacinths after flowering
Transplanting these plants is quite easy. To do this, you need to dig up the hyacinth after flowering in the summer, store until autumn season, then, in the fall, transplant to another site.
When the bulbs finish blooming, it is best to wait a couple of months until they recover from the growing season.
Hyacinth fertilizer
Top dressing in the case of hyacinths is mandatory and is carried out twice or thrice during the growing season. Both dry and liquid fertilizers are suitable - in dissolved form they need a little less, but the soil should be pre-watered, while dry ones are scattered and embedded in the ground.
Fertilizers are applied to early stages growth (superphosphate in the amount of 15-20 g, saltpeter - 20-25 g per sq m), further at the stage of budding (potassium sulfate - 15-20 g, superphosphate - 30-35 g) and at the end of flowering (superphosphate with potassium sulfate - 30-35 g each). These volumes increase one and a half times by sandy soils. Nitrogen top dressing is preferably done in spring and summer.
Do I need to dig up hyacinths for the winter
Hyacinths from Holland left on winter period in open field, in the 2nd year they will bloom worse.
In this regard, after the leaves turn yellow (optimally - in late June - early July), the bulbs are dug up, dried, cleaned of leaves, roots and sent for storage.
Hyacinth bulb storage
The quality of flowering next year depends on storage, so this should be taken with great responsibility.
After cleaning, the onions are brought into a well-ventilated, dry, shaded room. Before settling the onions, the warehouse and containers are disinfected and dried. Arrange the bulbs in a small layer wooden boxes, placed in gauze or nylon bags, not tightly wrapped in paper so that there is air access.
During storage in the onion, the most important processes, the formation of the rudiments of leaflets, inflorescences, the root system, new buds, therefore, during this period, it is necessary to ensure optimal temperature conditions. During the first ten days, the temperature in the vault must be maintained at thirty degrees. Then until mid-September - twenty-three - twenty-five degrees above zero, and later until planting in the ground - about seventeen degrees above zero.
Hyacinth also needs care when storing bulbs. In which if the temperature regime is violated, the process of formation of inflorescences is also violated, resulting in spring period the following year, weak peduncles appear with separate, often underdeveloped flowers.
The humidity in the air in the storage should not exceed seventy percent, with high humidity fungal diseases develop rapidly. During storage, do not forget to regularly inspect the bulbs, while culling out the sick. If spots appear, they bloom, the bulbs are dried, and if pests develop, they are treated with insecticides.
Hyacinths planting and care at home
Large bulbs are planted in clean pots, up to 10 cm in size with sandy loamy soil, so that the bulbous tops are flush with the edges of the pot, the rest should be 2/3 deep into the ground.
The pots are covered with paper caps or upturned dishes and placed in a cool (6-10℃) place. Perform watering cold water dry land for 12 weeks. When the sprouts reach 10 cm, they are rearranged in the sun.
In early December, you can remove the covers and transfer each hyacinth in a pot to the windowsill of a well-lit room. As long as the temperature should be kept at least 23℃, water and spray the flowers steadily until budding begins. A month later, the hyacinth will bloom for as much as 3 weeks.
Growing hyacinths from seeds
With a selective approach, the seed method is preferred, which boils down to sowing seeds at the end of September in boxes with a substrate that includes humus, sand and leafy soil in proportions of 2: 1: 1, and further cultivation in a cold greenhouse for 2 years.
Reproduction of hyacinths by children
The resulting seedlings almost never inherit the properties of their parents, and therefore amateur gardeners are more to their liking. vegetative method. Although it is not without drawbacks - only 1-3 children can be expected to grow annually.
If the children are easily detached from the bulb, they are transplanted and grown, but if it is difficult to separate them, then the parent bulb is planted together with them.
Reproduction of hyacinths at home
Home hyacinths are propagated using medium-sized bulbs. First created suitable conditions ripening, which includes moving into a pot with specialized soil for hyacinths (sold in stores) and sprinkled on top of the ground.
So the bulbs are left for 8-10 weeks in a completely dark room with a temperature of less than 8 degrees (in general, a refrigerator is also quite suitable), maintaining the level of soil moisture.
Diseases and pests
Under natural conditions of middle latitudes, hyacinths are practically not susceptible to disease. Much more dangerous is their stay in the house. Pest damage is indicated by such external signs, as inability to stretch , early yellowing and wilting .
As preventive measure before planting the bulbs, dressing is applied in a phosphorus-containing preparation for 15-20 minutes. Sick specimens must be dug up and destroyed, the remaining ones should be treated with phosphorus-containing agents.
Among the diseases most often seen yellow bacterial rot , characterized by the transformation of bulbous tissues into mucus, exuding a disgusting odor. Problems with stretching are associated precisely with it, in addition, the appearance of stripes and spots on the foliage and peduncles, their decay is noted.
All parts of diseased plants must be destroyed (preferably by burning), and the pit should be treated with formalin (5%) or bleach. Subsequently, hyacinths are recommended to be planted in the same place only after a few years.
Hyacinth can be both a house plant and a garden plant. Hyacinths are starting to bloom in early spring. Their flowers are very bright and fragrant. If we talk about modern hyacinths, they can amaze the imagination with their color variety - from white to burgundy black, pink and purple. Hyacinth is a versatile flower that can be suitable for timely forcing and cutting. How to properly plant hyacinths, where to grow them and how to propagate will be discussed further.
How to choose a place to plant a hyacinth
Hyacinth is a heat-loving plant that grows in countries with a warm climate. Hot summer and absence sub-zero temperature – ideal conditions to grow a plant. Therefore, for planting hyacinth (its bulbs), care should be taken that the place is sunny and also closed from cold gusts of wind.
A feature of the hyacinth is the absence of a dense peel on the bulb that protects it. Therefore, such plants do not tolerate high humidity soil. Therefore, the site you have chosen should be perfectly flat, without holes or depressions in which water can accumulate. The soil itself must be breathable. If on the site close to the surface lie The groundwater, then you should plant hyacinth bulbs using drainage, as well as a high bulk ridge.
Preparing the soil for planting
The question of how to properly care for hyacinth worries many experienced gardeners. You need to start by preparing the soil for planting a plant. The best option for the plant will be planting it in sandy, light, slightly alkaline, neutral, rich in organic matter and nutrients earth. heavy clay soil can be used only after a general improvement in its structure, which is achieved with the help of sand, as well as mineral and organic fertilizers.
The main condition is that the preparation of the beds should be carried out in advance, namely, no later than a few weeks before planting. This will give the soil time to settle and compact. The soil itself must be dug up to a depth of 40 cm. Compost, humus, potassium salt and superphosphate are added to it.
Important!If you do not have enough fertilizer, then they can only be added to the wells.
In order to improve physical properties soil, chalk is introduced into them, dolomite flour, lime and sand. After that, the beds can be covered with a black film in order to drown out the germination of weeds.
Terms and scheme of planting hyacinth
For hyacinths, the scheme of planting and care in the open field is quite simple. If you are in middle lane, then the hyacinth should be planted in September, if in the south, then planting should be carried out in early October, when the soil temperature drops to 10 ° C. If you plant hyacinths early, they will not only take root, but also germinate, which will freeze them in winter.
Is considered dangerous late disembarkation, since the bulbs cannot have time to germinate and take root, which also leads to plant suffering during the winter cold.
Hyacinth can be planted according to a certain scheme: a larger bulb is planted at a distance of 25 cm from a small one, leaving about 10 cm. The hole should be 16 cm deep, since this is three times the height of the bulb, if you count from its bottom. You can plant in the fall - the main period when hyacinths are planted.
Planting in autumn
Hyacinths should be planted in early autumn (around October or September). Gardeners recommend not choosing too large bulbs for planting. It is better to take medium (flower bed) ones that can adapt their flower stalks to unstable weather. Bulbs should be sorted out, selected soft, diseased, damaged.
Did you know?Before planting a hyacinth, its bulbs must be kept in a fungicide solution for 30 minutes.
The depth at which you need to plant a hyacinth bulb is 17 cm if your bulbs reach 6 cm in diameter. The distance between the bulbs should be 15 cm, and between the holes - 20 cm. If the bulbs are smaller, then they are planted at a shallower depth. The flower grows well in open ground. To do this, a so-called "sand vest" is created - a layer of river sand 4 cm thick is poured onto the bottom of the furrow, the bulb is slightly pressed into it and covered with sand again from above, and then with earth. This method will not allow water to stagnate in the soil and prevent rotting of the bulbs. After you have planted the bulbs, the area must be thoroughly watered. 
Planting in the spring
Do not try to plant hyacinth in the spring - during this period it is not planted.
Features of watering hyacinth
The flower should be watered when the yard is dry. The earth should get wet 15-25 cm deep. Hyacinth blooms in the spring, and at this time the soil is very well moistened, because the snow has just melted.
Important!When watering hyacinths, the temperature state should be taken into account environment, humidity level, soil moisture. The flower should not be waterlogged.
If too much moisture accumulates, this will lead to rotting of the plant and death of the flower.
Fertilizing and soil care
A hyacinth flower needs at least three top dressings. They should be applied in dry or dissolved form. If you chose the second method, then you do not need to take too much fertilizer, and the soil should be well moistened before adding top dressing. The first feeding is carried out at the very beginning of flower growth. Wherein experienced gardeners are already using ready mix, which includes saltpeter and superphosphate. The second fertilization occurs during the appearance of buds. The third is after the plant has stopped blooming. In this case, a mixture of superphosphate and potassium sulfate is used.
When to repot hyacinths
For the first time, hyacinth blooms very brightly and magnificently. But each flowering reduces the percentage of splendor of the plant. Therefore, in order to maintain the hyacinth in excellent condition after the flower has faded, it is necessary to deal with its mandatory transplantation. Hyacinth is one of those plants that love to change habitat. To prevent diseases during transplantation, you can treat the plant bulb with special chemicals.
For a successful transplant, you need to wait until the end of the dormant period (two to three months), when the hyacinth is fully restored after flowering. During this period, the plant is additionally fertilized so that it gets stronger. Top dressing is applied twice every three weeks. Be careful not to overfeed the flower. Fertilizers during the transplantation period of the plant must be selected with a nitrogen content - this has a positive effect on the general condition of the plant.
After the rest period has passed, the bulbs can be dug up. But you need to do this after the leaves turn yellow. This will make it easier for you to understand how deep the plant has grown. The yellow shoots are cut off, the bulbs are taken out, dried and deposited until autumn period when and begin to land in the soil.
Plant the bulbs in a separate container with soil, as the hyacinth may need shade. You can build a special frame that will protect the plant from sunlight.
Hyacinth propagation
The reproduction of hyacinths is of several types:
- Reproduction by leaf cuttings;
Did you know?A large and dense bulb can produce color every year, but still remain completely "childless".
In order to apply this method, it is necessary to select only dense, large and healthy bulbs, approximately 7 cm in diameter. When the leaves of the plant turn yellow, they are dug up. It is necessary to rinse the bulbs from the ground, treat with a 2% solution of potassium permanganate and dry in a room with a shade that will be well ventilated. Dry for several weeks (1-2).
An experienced gardener should show you how to cut the bottom of a hyacinth. For this procedure, you need to disinfect the instruments in an alcohol solution (70%). Use a sharp knife or a teaspoon with a sharp edge.
First you need to completely remove the bottom and the kidney, which is located in the center. You should end up with a funnel-shaped depression. Bulb incision should be treated with activated or charcoal. After that, the bulb is placed in a box with a tight cut, which will separate the varieties of the plant. The crate must be placed in a ventilated room where the temperature reaches 25°C.
When the onion is ripe, the temperature must be raised to 35 ° C, and the total humidity to 95%. It should take about three months after the bulbs reach a size of 10 mm. Now they can be planted in the ground (mid-October).
If the bulbs ripened later, then they must be placed in a box with earth and sent to the refrigerator (6 ° C) until spring. When August comes, the leaves of the hyacinth begin to turn yellow, and the bulbs are dug up again, the children sit down to a depth of 12 cm, covered with peat. Such grown hyacinth flowers, with proper planting and care, bloom in the third year.
Important! Landing must be covered with peat.
Reproduction by leaf cuttings
This method is applied to the flower that already has buds. Two leaves are cut off, the cut is made at the base. The leaves are processed in a solution of heteroauxin (0.5 tablets per 1 liter of water). Then they need to land at an angle in a box of sand. Depth - 3 cm.
The box should be in a cool (cool) place in a plastic bag. Light is scattered. Humidity - 90%. Within a month and a half, you will be able to see the fruits of your labor in the form of the appearance of the beginnings of bulbs, roots and leaves. Young shoots are ready for planting in the ground.
Did you know? In order to get more children, the sheets are divided into several equal parts. From one cutting, approximately 11 children are obtained.
If you want to use this method, then you need to divide the onion into 6 parts. At the same time, it should reach 6 cm in diameter. Scales should be broken off from the bottom and placed in plastic bag, before that, having thoroughly walked with a layer of coal.
Perlite is poured into the bag or river sand. Bulbs are formed for 3 months. Bags should be kept tied at 25°C, then lowered to 17°C. It is during this period that bulbs begin to form. When applied this method breeding, if desired, you can immediately get 50 children. If an already adult bulb has begun to divide and form three or four children, then you can transplant the hyacinth by separating the children from the mother bulb. This should be done in the summer, and it is better to plant at the end of summer. In a few years, these bulbs will grow up and will please the eye with their flowering.
Digging up hyacinth bulbs, care after flowering
Another important point is proper storage hyacinths after the plant has faded. If this is a late dig and improper care, then the plant will subsequently bloom poorly.
The onset of cold weather is the period when it's time to dig up hyacinths. Various steps require different temperatures, sequences. The storage process will take 95 days. 
Hyacinth care after it has been dug up should be carried out properly: the plant is dried, ventilated and stored in a dark room for seven days at a temperature of 20 ° C. Cleaned, they are sorted into boxes. Boxes should be signed. Storage takes place in two stages:
- Hyacinth bulbs are stored at a temperature of 25 ° C for at least two months;
- Bulbs should be stored at 170°C before planting. It is also necessary to monitor the level of humidity.
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February weather is windy and unsettled. There is no talk of any flowers, even the earliest ones, outside the window! But, which will certainly instill in the heart of everyone the confidence that spring will very soon transform everything around. Their surprisingly powerful aroma and dense inflorescences rarely leave anyone indifferent, and the name is translated from Greek as “rainy flower”. So let's talk about hyacinths today.
The homeland of these flowers is Asia Minor and the Mediterranean. Of course, in nature you will not find those plants that can now be purchased in our stores. After all, the wild ancestors of cultivated hyacinths do not form such luxurious lush hats of flowers. But, nevertheless, even modest natural forms inspired breeders to take up their improvement, but in the end ... Purple, burgundy, white, cream inflorescences reminiscent of lilac ... These flowers will conquer anyone!
But these bulbs will stand, fade and, most likely, go ... to the trash. But true flower growers never do that! After all, the hyacinth bulb after rest is still able to give new blooms. As soon as the hyacinth has finished blooming, cut off dry flower stalks and continue to water and feed the plant until the leaves wither. At this time, the bulb is gaining strength, and may form daughter bulbs. Then remove the bulb from the ground, tear off the dried leaves and dry. In autumn, they are planted in the garden in a place protected from wind and direct sunlight, where they will bloom again in a year. The hyacinth bulb lives for more than one year, overgrown with children that give new flowers.
Growing hyacinths in the garden is a special topic. But in the fall, the largest bulbs can be dug up, dried, and they will wait for the moment when they will delight you with their flowers, but already on the windowsill. But in order for the flowering of hyacinths to be plentiful, and the plant and bulbs to remain healthy, it is necessary to adhere as strictly as possible to a few simple rules.
First. Decide when you want to get blooming hyacinths. By the New Year (this is an early forcing), January-February (middle), March-April (late forcing). The time for forcing hyacinths from planting to flowering takes an average of 2.5 months.
Second. It is necessary to have a cold dark place where the hyacinth bulbs will initially be placed (ideally a cellar, but a refrigerator is also suitable), and a cool lit place where the hyacinth flowers that have begun to grow are placed in the second stage. Plants with blooming flowers can grow with room temperature(but it should not exceed 18-20 degrees) and good lighting.
For home distillation of hyacinths, choose larger bulbs, with a diameter of more than 5 cm. This will serve as a guarantee successful cultivation and lush flowering. For distillation at home, all bulbs, as a rule, are specially prepared. Therefore, buy bulbs in trusted places - garden centers, specialized stores or from people who have been doing this for a long time and seriously. The bulb should be healthy: dense, without damage, with outer scales.
Choose suitable containers for forcing hyacinths. It can be any boxes, wide pots, bowls, but always with a drainage hole. Prepare soil mix(any nutrient soil mixture, with a neutral reaction), drainage (sand or fine expanded clay). Now you can proceed directly to planting your favorite flowers.
Pour into the bottom of the pot thin layer drainage; then fill with earth so that the tops of the bulbs rise about 2-3 cm above the soil surface. Plant the bulbs in the soil. The distance between the bulbs when forcing hyacinths should be about 2.5 cm. They should sit closely, but not touch each other and the walls of the bowl or box. Thanks to this location, flowering plants look more effective. Punch down the soil around the bulbs to make it firmer. Then water the planted flowers. Sprinkle with a layer of sand 0.5-1 cm thick. This is necessary so that the bulbs do not rot during forcing. Then place the container with planted hyacinths in a plastic bag, in which be sure to make a hole for ventilation.
Place the flower prepared in this way in a dark, cool place (refrigerator). At a temperature of 5-7 degrees at this stage of forcing hyacinths, the plant takes root, then the first shoots appear. The term of placement under such conditions is 6-10 weeks. From time to time check if the earth in the box is dry.
After 10-12 weeks, when green shoots 2-2.5 cm (hyacinth leaves) appear, move the boxes to a cool shaded place with a temperature of 10-12 degrees. First place in a shady place, after a few days move closer to the window. The bulbs will begin to actively throw out leaves, buds will appear in a few weeks. Now you can move the hyacinth to its intended place. It should be well lit (but not exposed to direct sunlight) free from drafts, moisture and away from heating appliances. The air temperature is 15-20 degrees. The earth must be constantly moist. Rotate the pot from time to time to keep the plants growing evenly. Install supports if necessary. For lush long flowering fertilizing with liquid fertilizer is necessary. And then all the guests of your house will be surprised by the aroma and beautiful flowering this amazing plant.
If you want to learn how to take care of indoor plants and flowers in the autumn cold, watch the video tips from Sergey Novikov!
Hyacinth (Hyacinthus) - beautiful bulbous plant from the Asparagus family (Asparagaceae), blooming in spring. From the ancient Greek language, the name is translated as "flower of the rains", since the hyacinth blooms with the first spring rains. But the Greeks also called it the "flower of sorrow" and associated this flower with Apollo and the murder of the young son of the king of Sparta. This graceful plant is native to the Mediterranean and Southeast Asia.
The flowering stalk of hyacinth can be both undersized and quite high. A juicy peduncle comes out of the rosette of leaves with numerous flowers that resemble bells and are collected in a racemose inflorescence. Flowers are presented in the most unexpected shades. The leaves are smooth, fleshy, bright green.
All possible hyacinths can be divided into three main types that grow mainly in Mediterranean countries. Although botanists continue to argue about some varieties, wanting to designate them as independent, according to official data, only the following main types of hyacinths are distinguished:
Eastern Hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis)- the most famous and widespread type. It is from this species that the most famous decorative varieties. It grows wild in Dalmatia, Greece and Asia Minor. . The peduncle of the plant is thin, the flowers are rare. The flowers have a different color and a pleasant aroma.
Hyacinth Litvinova- perennial herbaceous plant, which are cultivated more like an annual. AT wild nature he meets in eastern regions Iran and Turkmenistan. Among this species there are both tall and short specimens. The flower is extremely beautiful. Blue, purple and greenish colors dominate. The leaves are slightly wider than those of the hyacinth orientalis.
Hyacinth transcaspian- has enough tall stems, usually two peduncles. The color of the flowers is always light blue. In the wild, it is found in the Kopetdag mountains.
Hyacinth is primarily a garden plant. Wanting to grow it at home, you need to recreate as much as possible natural conditions. This task is not an easy one, but with due diligence and zeal, a novice florist can also cope.
Location and lighting
The best option is the southern and southeastern windows. And the reason lies in the great love for sunlight. Hyacinth needs daylight - at least 15 hours a day. So, if you place it on the west or north side, you will have to help the plant with fluorescent lamps.
Even if the plant loves light, direct sunlight can harm it, so sultry summer days it is better to shade the windows or remove the plant from the windowsill during the day. The pot with the plant periodically needs to be turned in different directions.
Temperature
A sharp change in heat and cold, drafts, hot batteries - all this negatively affects the flower. The most suitable temperature for comfortable growth of hyacinth is 20-22 degrees Celsius. But, given that this flower is primarily positioned as a garden flower, then being on the street or balcony in the warm season will only benefit him.
Watering and humidity
The plant needs regular but careful watering. Watering must be carried out very carefully. If water is on any part of the plant, then the festering of this part may begin and as a result the hyacinth will die. A safe option is to irrigate by immersion, and it is better to refuse watering cans. Water should be warm, soft and settled.
Hyacinth does not need spraying. And when it blooms - it is generally contraindicated!
The soil
The optimal composition of the soil for hyacinth will be a substrate of leafy soil, humus, peat, sod land and sand. All this must be mixed in equal parts.
Top dressings and fertilizers
Hyacinth constantly needs top dressing. As a fertilizer, you can use any universal for indoor plants. Hyacinths in the garden can be fertilized both in dry form and in dissolved form. But before using liquid fertilizer the plant must be watered.
To get in the future beautiful flower, hyacinth bulbs should be purchased only in trusted specialized stores. When buying bulbs, you need to carefully inspect and make sure that they are not damaged or diseased. A healthy plant will grow only if the bulb is elastic and smooth, which has a clear neck and shoulders. In most cases, the color of the scales and the bulb coincides with the future inflorescence. Its dimensions do not always tell about the quality of the bulb, however, if its diameter is within 5 cm, this good indicator. The best time for the purchase of bulbs - the end of summer.
If you are going to buy already mature plant, you need to carefully examine the leaves and stem of the hyacinth. The stem should stand straight, the leaves should also look up, and the peduncle should not be tilted.
How to get flowers at the right time
In order to get a chic peduncle from the bulb, you need to provide the plant with the coolness of this autumn. During this period, the temperature regime should be within 5-9 degrees Celsius. This can be achieved by sending the plant to the basement or to the bottom shelf in the refrigerator. And to enhance the effect, the bulb in the ground can be wrapped with an opaque bag. Of course, care during this period is minimized. Surprisingly, these conditions are optimal for active growth hyacinth. This usually goes on for 2 months.
When a sprout appears (about 5 cm), the plant needs "spring", that is, the temperature regime must be changed to 13-15 degrees. At this temperature, it must be kept until the first buds appear. And with their appearance, hyacinth needs a temperature - 20-22 degrees Celsius. The temperature transition must be smooth, otherwise the flower may die or look painful.
Hyacinth care after flowering
After flowering, during the dormant period, the most important thing for hyacinth is the correct temperature regime. Watering should be moderate. When the hyacinth fades and its leaves wither, it's time to take care of the bulb. The peduncle and leaves should be cut off, and the bulb should be dug up. This usually happens in June.
The bulb must be carefully examined, if there is a need (or for preventive purposes) to be disinfected. And then, changing the temperature regime from 30 to 17 degrees, store it until the autumn landing.
Planting a hyacinth at home in a pot
When planting a hyacinth, it is allowed to place up to 3 bulbs in one pot (their sizes are taken into account). It is impossible for the bulbs to come into contact with the walls of the pot and with each other - there should be 2 cm between them. The pots should be of medium size. Drainage is necessarily poured at the bottom of the pot - it can be river sand, which should occupy 2 cm in a pot. The top of the bulb should be raised above the soil. After planting, the substrate must be pressed, watered and sprinkled with sand. Then the pot must be placed in a bag, tied, but first make several holes in it and put it in a cool dark place.
Some grow hyacinths without soil in water. It's quite real way, but required condition are mineral fertilizers dissolved in water. The hyacinth bulb should be on the surface of the container, only slightly touching the water. For some time it should be in a dark, cool room. And with the advent of roots, the plant should be relocated to a bright room.
There are several ways to propagate hyacinths. At home, relevant: baby bulbs and scales. in a natural way from one bulb, you can get a maximum of 5 children during the growing season. To achieve maximum results, use the method of cutting the bulb. The process requires a change in temperature regimes and regular treatment with a fungicide. But if everything is done correctly, then after 3 months small baby bulbs are guaranteed to appear.
Diseases and pests
The main pests of hyacinths are aphids, thrips, spider mite, stem and gall nematodes, flower flies. They are able to destroy the plant - the leaves turn yellow, wither, the buds fall off, the bulbs become rotten and rot. Each case has its own methods of control, but most of them are associated with the use of insecticides.
In addition to pests, hyacinths become enemies various diseases, which can be non-infectious, infectious, viral, bacterial and fungal in nature. The most common and dangerous are yellow bacterial rot and soft bacterial rot. In a diseased plant, the leaves turn black and dry from the top. Watery and brown stripes appear along the veins of the leaves and on the peduncle. On the bulbs first appear yellow spots, and then the whole bulb rots and begins to emit a stench. This plant cannot be saved. The diseased plant and the bulb should be burned, and the hole should be treated with formalin or bleach.
If the hyacinth is not properly cared for, the following problems may occur:
- Hyacinth stops blooming. Usually this is due to a violation of the temperature regime. The plant does not like too high temperatures.
- The plant's leaves are turning yellow. Most often this happens against the background of improper watering or due to drafts.
- Leaves wither. This is due to the lack of natural light.
- The buds are falling. This is due to improper watering. It must be carried out carefully so that water does not fall on the peduncle.
- Flowers rot. This happens when the plant is too “loved” (too watered).
Hyacinth is a rather unpretentious plant. Subject to proper care at home, there will be no particular cause for concern. It can be successfully grown by both experienced and novice amateur flower growers.
Video - how to grow hyacinth at home
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