How to grow cabbage seedlings in a greenhouse. Potential Growing Problems

That and on big harvest do not have to count. In order for the seedlings to turn out healthy and hardy, it is necessary to comply with all requirements for proper sowing seeds and care.

Before purchasing planting material, decide what kind of cabbage you want to get in the end, why and at what time you will need it ready-made. Have you thought about using young cabbage for making salads, or do you need a vegetable for fermentation and a long winter storage? The choice of variety and timing of sowing will depend on the answer to this question.

Early ripe varieties white cabbage give a small harvest. The weight of heads of cabbage reaches 1.5 kg with a relatively low density. Mid-ripening cabbage can either be eaten immediately after harvesting, or used to prepare preparations for the winter in the form of pickles. And late-ripening varieties the best way keep their freshness throughout the cold season.

The time for planting seedlings in the beds depends on the timing of the ripening of the vegetable. And the period in which the seeds are planted depends on the time the seedlings are transplanted into open ground.

The sowing of seed cabbage for seedlings - as well as planting seedlings in open ground - is carried out in a period that depends on the weather characteristic of a given climate zone, and from the variety of vegetable.

The age of seedlings, completely ready for planting in the soil, is different for each of the varieties.

1. Landing on the beds white cabbage early varieties produced for seedlings that have reached 45–60 days of age. For late species, a 35-day age of seedlings is sufficient. This rule also applies red cabbage and hybrid varieties .
2. Before transfer to the beds broccoli seedlings should reach the age of 35-45 days.
3. cauliflower planted on beds upon reaching 45-50 days of age of seedlings. Brussels sprouts planted in the same way.
4. Kohlrabi planted at the age of 35 days, and seedlings savoy cabbage can "tolerate" up to 50 days.

When to sow seedlings

Taking into account the timing of planting seedlings different varieties cabbage on the beds, calculate the time of sowing seeds. We give approximate terms for the middle band.

1. Early ripe white cabbage is sown on March 10–25. At the same time, hybrid varieties and red cabbage are sown. Mid-season and late species similar varieties are sown on April 10–15.
2. Broccoli planting material is sown several times. The time interval between crops is 15–20 days. The first time is sown in the second decade of March, and the last time - in the third decade of May. Do the same with cauliflower.
3. Brussels sprout seeds are planted in the second half of April.
4. If you want to harvest kohlrabi early, sow in the second decade of March. Kohlrabi seeds are also sown for seedlings several times. But it is not recommended to do this after June. Subject to all the rules, you can immediately plant the seeds in open soil.
5. savoy cabbage early ripe varieties sown from 10 to 20 March. It is better to sow mid-season species from April 10 to April 20, and late - in the first days of the month.

How to prepare cabbage seeds for sowing

To a large extent, the success of the future cabbage crop depends on good seedlings, and it, in turn, is obtained from quality seeds so get the best quality seeds.

Before planting seeds, they must first be prepared. At the stage of sowing seeds, it is possible, with the help of certain actions, to significantly reduce the likelihood of serious cabbage diseases in the future, which will allow you to get healthy and hardy seedlings.

When buying already processed planting material(which is usually indicated on a bag of seeds), you just need to hold them for 20 minutes in water heated to + 50 ° C. You can eliminate the likelihood of fungal diseases of cabbage if you cool them in cold water for 5 minutes after warming up.

Note! Some varieties of cabbage do not require seed wetting before planting. Be sure to consider this point.

Soaking seeds is a classic method to speed up their germination.

How to prepare the soil for sowing cabbage seeds

Strong seedlings of cabbage can be obtained if you correctly prepare a nutrient mixture of soil. Land for seedlings is best prepared in the fall. It is acceptable, but less desirable, to prepare the mixture immediately before sowing the seeds.

Take one part of the turf and humus, a small amount of ash (10 tablespoons per 10 kg of soil) and stir well. The ash here will not only supply the soil useful elements, but also prevents the appearance of a black leg on seedlings due to its antiseptic properties.

The land must be treated with water from a small amount potassium permanganate for disinfection. When preparing the soil mixture, it is necessary to adhere to an acidity index equal to or close to neutral.

Of course, it is possible to make an earth composition both on the basis of turf and on the basis of other nutritional ingredients, such as peat, for example. The resulting soil mixture should pass air well and be fertile.

On a note! Suitable soil for cabbage seedlings can be found commercially. For these purposes, not only the soil mixture intended directly for cabbage is suitable. The use of universal primer is also allowed. The land from your garden is unsuitable, as using it increases the risk of infection of the seedlings.

Step-by-step instructions for the correct sowing of cabbage seeds

Cabbage seedlings will take root better in open field, if produce . This will also positively affect the volume of its root system, and the plants themselves will be stronger.

Table. Instructions for growing seedlings of cabbage.

If you do not plan to pick cabbage seedlings, it is recommended to immediately plant the seeds in a separate container. Then her roots will reach required size, and transfer to open ground will take place in the most gentle way.

Lighting, temperature and watering cabbage seedlings

To grow strong and stocky plants, you need to provide seedlings additional lighting, since in the rooms where it usually grows, there is not enough light. Suitable for lighting purposes ordinary lamp daylight, which should illuminate the cabbage from 12 to 15 hours daily.

Watering seedlings is done when the surface of the soil dries out. Cabbage is a moisture-loving plant. But with an excess of moisture, blackleg disease can develop or root rot can occur. To harden cabbage seedlings and prevent moisture stagnation, it is recommended to ventilate the room after irrigation.

Before the first shoots of white cabbage appear, it is necessary to maintain the temperature in the room from + 18 ° C to + 20 ° C. Then, for young sprouts, the optimum temperature will be from +15°С to +17°С during the day, and from +8°С to +10°С at night. Such a large temperature variation is necessary to strengthen the seedlings and prevent them from stretching.

For cauliflower, the same rule applies, but the average temperature should be higher. The excess should be 5–7°C relative to those night and day temperatures that are maintained when growing white cabbage seedlings. If this is not observed, then the harvest will be worse, and the inflorescences will be smaller in size.

If speak about middle lane, then watermelons here (as well as some other crops - for example, melon) are preferable to grow through seedlings. In fact, there is nothing complicated in this process, the main thing is to know how to do it.

How to fertilize cabbage seedlings

During the period of growing seedlings, cabbage must be fed. In total, such dressings need to be made three to four times.

For the first time, top dressing is carried out when the seedlings are sufficiently rooted after picking. As a rule, this period is from a week to ten days. Top dressing is carried out using the following composition: 1 g of potassium chloride, 4 g of superphosphate, 2.5 g of ammonium nitrate per 1 liter of water heated to a warm state. A composition of urea diluted in 10 liters of water in the amount of one tablespoon is also suitable. Stress caused by picking plants is well neutralized by top dressing prepared from chicken manure(or mullein) and water in a ratio of 1:10.

The second time the seedlings are fed in the period from 12 to 14 days after the first feeding took place. To do this, the seedlings are irrigated with a mixture of 4 g of ammonium nitrate per 1 liter of water.

The third time, top dressing is carried out seven days before the transfer of seedlings to open ground. Fertilizer is applied from bird droppings(or mullein) or the following composition is used: 3 g of ammonium nitrate, 2 g of potassium chloride, 8 g of superphosphate per 1 liter of water.

On a note! Additionally, you can feed the seedlings with a yeast-based fertilizer. To do this, diluted from 50 to 70 g of yeast in 5 liters of water. After 1-2 days, seedlings can be irrigated with this mixture.

Video - Sowing cabbage for seedlings

In the old days, a peasant's garden was impossible to imagine without cabbage. So today, even on two acres, a couple of heads of this healthy and tasty vegetable will definitely grow. But in modern greenhouses today they grow not only white cabbage, but also no less useful Beijing, and Chinese, and cauliflower, and Savoy, and Brussels sprouts, and even broccoli. And all because, although cabbage itself is a cold-resistant plant, it can still be destroyed by long-acting low temperatures. That's why only a greenhouse can guarantee it good harvest. And cabbage cannot do without increased moisture, especially its seeds. But an overabundance, of course, can lead to the death of the roots. Therefore, in the cultivation of this particular vegetable, everything is good in moderation, and this measure is just the easiest to control indoors.

In a greenhouse for moisture-loving cabbage - just the same ideal conditions. That is why growing more than a dozen goals per season in it is within the power of even a novice summer resident. The main thing is to correctly calculate the timing of planting seeds, and growing cabbage in a greenhouse will be an easy and enjoyable experience.

Option # 1 - early cabbage

The most important thing is to choose the right variety early cabbage. So, from the most well-proven ones we can name the following:

• "Dietmar early". This is early ripe variety, which already 50-70 days after planting seedlings in the greenhouse will give the first harvest.
• "Golden Hectare 1432". This variety has a period from planting seedlings to the first heads of cabbage - 105-129 days. This variety is distinguished by the resistance of heads to cracking, which in itself is important.
• "Number One K-206". If you use this variety, then about 100-125 days will pass from the appearance of the first shoots to heads of cabbage. But all heads of cabbage will ripen together, giving from 25 to 40 kg of yield for every 10 m 2. It is only important to remove everything on time - otherwise the heads of cabbage will have time to crack.

There are no special tricks for growing such cabbage, so we move on.

Option #2 - Chinese cabbage

Delicious and beautiful Beijing cabbage - early ripening. Growing it is the most convenient seedling way. Need for Chinese cabbage primarily high humidity – 70-80%.

Also, in order to successfully grow Chinese cabbage in a greenhouse, it is important to maintain the optimal temperature regime. After all, this cabbage is a cold-resistant plant, and exceeding the temperature in the greenhouse by more than + 15-20 ° C will immediately lead to the formation flowering stem. And in general, a violation of the temperature regime is fraught with plant disease, which may simply not form a head.

Option #3 - cauliflower

Grow in a greenhouse cauliflower not difficult, although it is considered the most demanding - it is only important to ensure optimal temperature and air humidity. So, if the temperature is too high and the humidity is low, then the cauliflower heads will lose their density and begin to crumble. That is why the soil for growing cauliflower must be well fertilized and moistened - these are indispensable conditions.

Cauliflower seedlings can be planted in greenhouses and greenhouses at the end of March. Portable greenhouses are best suited for this purpose, because the growing season of this plant is quite long. In any case, the most important thing is to harvest the cauliflower in time so that the plant heads do not have time to crumble.

Option #4 - white cabbage

The most difficult thing is to correctly grow seedlings of white cabbage. For this, a special biofuel greenhouse is most suitable, which can be used as early as March. BUT ready seedlings after that - transplanted into a greenhouse.

Growing seedlings

A good alternative to such a greenhouse is steam beds, which can be made by digging a pit 125 cm wide and 30 cm deep. Biofuel should be laid at the bottom, and sprinkled with a layer of earth on top. Finally, cover with foil. And the simplest shelters for growing seedlings are film, frame type. You can install them directly on the ridges in the spring. The main thing is that their height should not be less than 30 cm.

So, as soon as the soil in the greenhouse or under the shelter is warmed up to 18-20 ° C, you can start the sowing itself. For this, it is advisable to choose the darkest and largest seeds, soak them in water at 50 ° C for 20 minutes, cool quickly by immersion in cold water for 3 minutes, and dry on a newspaper, scattering very thin layer. It is also advisable to disinfect the seeds of white cabbage even before planting by treating them with a solution of nitrophoska.

After that, the seeds can be sown in a greenhouse, closing it with frames and throwing any warming material on top of it. The first shoots will already be on the 4th day, and the shelter for the day will need to be removed. But when the first true leaf appears, all seedlings must be picked, or at least thinned out. After that, it is important to raise the temperature in the greenhouse by 2-3°C and maintain it already within 10-12°C.

After the seedlings have a few leaves, you need to intensify watering - but without waterlogging. It is best to water the seedlings early in the morning. And after picking, you can start feeding cabbage by taking 20 g of nitrogen fertilizers, 10 g of potash fertilizer and 40 g of superphosphate in a bucket of water - this is all for one greenhouse frame. And the second time, the seedlings will need to be fed only with nitrogen fertilizer, taking 25-20 g per bucket of water. And, finally, before moving the seedlings to the greenhouse, it is desirable to feed it for the third time - 30 g nitrogen fertilizer+ 20 g potassium + 20 g phosphorus + 1 bucket of water. If, by the way, fertilizers accidentally fall on the leaves of plants, they must be washed off immediately with clean water.

Planting seedlings in a permanent place

And now, already a couple of days before the relocation of seedlings, greenhouses should be ventilated, leaving the frames open for the whole day and even at night, if the weather is good. And on the day of sampling, seedlings need to be well watered. Ideally, it should have at least 3 leaves in early varieties, 5 leaves in late varieties and a developed root system. It is not necessary to shake off the earth from the roots. And if it is possible to select seedlings, then preference should be given to one in which the stalks are lilac-green in color, and not pale green in color - this is a sign of an underdeveloped root system that will not be accepted well in greenhouse land. As a result, up to 600 seedlings can be obtained from one such frame.

The first watering of cabbage can be done only when the cabbage takes root in the greenhouse, but not earlier than 8 days.

Greenhouse cabbage care

By the way, you need to pay attention to the fertilizer of cabbage with potassium and nitrogen in the greenhouse. Special attention- the formation of its head of cabbage depends on this. Cannot stand white cabbage and shading - it needs a lot of light.

It's interesting that experienced gardeners it is advised to sow cabbage seeds for seedlings as early as mid-December, illuminating the seedlings with special lighting. And the heated greenhouse should be planted already on permanent place only at the age of 55-60 days. Moreover, nitrogen nutrition will need to be applied only in the first month, and then only potassium and phosphorus.

But, no matter what method of growing cabbage in greenhouses is chosen, the most important thing is compliance with the technology. That there is a sure guarantee that the harvest will please.

In the greenhouse to the main crop can be grown quality seedlings early, mid-early and medium varieties of cabbage. You won’t need a lot of seedlings for your garden, but you can completely occupy the greenhouse to sell seedlings on the market.
White cabbage seeds begin to germinate already at 3°C. This process accelerates with increasing soil temperature and reaches the optimum seedlings (3-4 days from sowing) at 20°C. It is better to place seedlings that have been picked and accustomed to the greenhouse, and before that, cultivation is carried out at home.
Standard seedlings of white cabbage should have up to five true leaves (but no more) and age from shoots up to two months. When planting at the end of May, sowing should be done around March 25th.
Only strong, high-quality, hardened seedlings will withstand frosts and give a high yield. The pledge of such seedlings - pre-sowing treatment seeds.
First of all, manual selection of seeds by size is carried out. The best seeds will be about 2 mm in diameter. Of the processing methods, one can name the placement of seeds in water with a temperature of 48 ... 50 ° C for 20 minutes, followed by cooling for 3 minutes in cold water, drying to flowability and sowing after that. Against bacteriosis and clubroot for the same 20 minutes, you can simply warm the seeds at a temperature of 50 ° C. After heat treatment, you can place the seeds in a solution for 1.5-2 hours boric acid and ammonium molybdate at a concentration of 0.5 g/l. Seeds with reduced germination are treated with a 0.5% urea solution.
Seedlings in seed boxes grow until the first true leaf appears, after which they are picked out. When picking, all weak, late-rising, affected by the “black leg”, as well as with a clear absence of the apical bud, are rejected. Peat flower pots 5x5 cm are suitable for picking. But the best seedling containers are cartridges with a diameter of 5-6 cm and a height of 10 cm. They can be made from pieces of old, well-washed and disinfected potassium permanganate or blue vitriol films. Even thick paper containers are suitable.
When picking, seedlings (especially elongated ones) are deepened almost to the cotyledons in order to strengthen the seedlings due to the formation of additional roots.
seedling soil from the moment of sowing the seeds, the same one that is intended for other vegetables can serve.
The light conditions for the period of growing seedlings under the film are favorable, so no special light hardening is required for the plants. It should only be noted that cabbage seedlings cannot tolerate shading from the moment of germination until they are ready for planting.
It is better to put rooted seedlings in a greenhouse in boxes, under which a whole film is laid on the surface of the soil. The bottom of the boxes must also be covered with a film, but with holes for draining excess moisture from irrigation and fertilizing solutions.
Seedlings in boxes are easier to move around the greenhouse if necessary, and it is also more convenient to gradually discard seedlings that turn out to be of poor quality.
Water the seedlings not very often, but plentifully. The water temperature may be slightly higher than the temperature of the seedling soil.
Even with good filling of the soil with all necessary fertilizers seedlings are useful two obligatory top dressing, and in case of special need - and the third. In top dressing they give phosphorus and nitrogen, in small doses - potassium and magnesium. Phosphorus contributes to the active growth of roots and protects from low temperatures; nitrogen is needed for leaf growth; potassium strengthens at low temperatures; magnesium supports better leaf photosynthesis. The first dressing is given with a fully formed first leaf, the second - after 10-12 days; the first - a weak concentration, the second - more. After top dressing, leaves from fertilizers are washed with light watering.
The recommended air temperatures for cabbage seedlings are: during the day, with the sun - 14...18°C, without sun - 12...16°C, at night - 8...10°C. Ventilation must be constant. Although plants can withstand short-term frosts down to -5 ... 7 ° C, nevertheless, in such cases, it is better to cover the seedlings with a special light film that does not crush the plants, or with small-sized shelters made of polyethylene film. It is especially undesirable to allow the air temperature to rise above 20°C.
The correct temperature regime will ensure air hardening of seedlings. A few days before planting, you need to equalize the temperature regime of the greenhouse and the outside air.
While maintaining a strong, branched root system, it will not be necessary to partially cut off the developed leaf blades when planting (as is sometimes done) to prevent the plants from wilting.
According to the white cabbage method, seedlings of other types of cabbages are also grown.

Cabbage is one of the main crops grown in the garden and in the greenhouse. This vegetable is rich in vitamins A, B1, B2, C, improves digestion and has a positive effect on the overall tone of the body.

Cabbage seedlings need to be grown in greenhouse conditions.

And how many dishes can be prepared from crispy leaves! Cabbage is one of the most beloved and important ingredients in the menu of any housewife. The vegetable is the basis of such basic preparations as cabbage soup, borscht, cabbage rolls, pies, dumplings. And in the old days it was believed that the smell sauerkraut and boiled cabbage soup in the house is a guarantee of the well-being and well-being of the owners.

AT present time many varieties of this vegetable have been bred: broccoli, kohlrabi, white cabbage, cauliflower, Beijing cabbage.

Early varieties can be grown in a greenhouse to enjoy a salad of fragrant leaves in the spring.

Growing cabbage seedlings

Cabbage seedlings need clayey dense soil.

To get appetizing leaves in early spring, you should grow seedlings first. For cabbage seedlings suitable dense clay soil so that moisture stays in the soil longer. Cabbage is a moisture-loving plant, but too acidic soil can destroy the root system.

Late varieties are grown in nurseries, and early varieties are grown in biofuel greenhouses. In such greenhouses, crops can be sown from the end of March - the beginning of April. Greenhouses on biofuel are good because after growing cabbage seedlings and transplanting them into a greenhouse, other crops are sown in the vacant place.

Steam beds are an alternative to biofuel greenhouses. For their arrangement, a layer of earth is removed 30 cm deep and 125-130 cm wide. The bottom of the pit is covered with biofuel, and covered with a layer of earth on top. The steam bed should be covered with a film or a frame made of rods and covered with polyethylene. The height of the arch of the frame must be at least 30 cm. To ventilate such a greenhouse, it is enough to open the film from the sides.

Before sowing in the fallow bed, the seeds should be prepared. The largest seeds are selected, placed in warm water (50ºС) for 20 minutes, then cooled. After drying, the seeds should be treated with a solution of nitrophoska to prevent plant disease. After these procedures, the seeds are sown in warm ground, heated to 20ºС, and cover the reconciliation with a film. When the first shoots appear on the 4th day, the shelter can be opened during the day. Seedlings in the first days of watering is not recommended.

For the device of the steam ridge, you need to make a frame with a height of no more than 30 cm.

After the appearance of the first leaf, the seedlings can dive. After that, the temperature in the greenhouse is raised by 2-3ºС and the heat is maintained within 10-12ºС. Picking can be replaced by thinning plants.

Dive and thinned plants should be watered in the morning every day with occasional top dressing. The following solution is prepared as a fertilizer for seedlings: 40 g of superphosphate, 20 g of a nitrogen mixture, 10 g of potash fertilizer are taken for 1 bucket of water. This mixture is designed for one steam bed. The second top dressing consists only of nitrogen fertilizer: 20 g per 10 liters of water.

Before planting early cabbage in the greenhouse, it is fed for the third time. To do this, 30 g of a nitrogen mixture, 20 g of phosphorus, 20 g of a potassium mixture are taken per 10 liters of water and poured under the roots. Do not allow the mixture to get on the leaves, if this happens, rinse with water.

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Planting seedlings and caring for them in the greenhouse

Before planting seedlings, the greenhouse is well ventilated, opening the frames for the whole day. The plants themselves are well watered before planting. It is believed that the seedlings are ready for planting if the plants have 3-4 leaves, a good root system and their color has acquired a lilac-green hue. The color of plants plays a decisive role, since the pale green color of the stems indicates the weakness and unsuitability of plants for good development.

Watering cabbage seedlings should be done daily.

A good cabbage seedling is one that has a short thick stem, large leaves and good root system . From such plants you get cabbage with large dense heads of cabbage.

When planting seedlings in the ground, you should not shake off the ground from the roots. Early varieties of white cabbage are planted in a greenhouse from April 25 to May 5. The soil should be well equipped with fertilizers, preferably organic. The amount of humus should be 7-8 kg per 1 m².

Cabbage cannot be planted in one place for several years in a row. The soil is dug up from autumn to a depth of 20-22 cm and compost is added there. In the spring, soil treatment is carried out again: they dig it up, but to a shallower depth, and carefully pass it with a harrow.

Ready seedlings are planted in the greenhouse at a distance of 50 cm from each other. Watering is recommended for 7-8 days, when the seedlings take root well. After that, you need to slightly loosen the ground and carry out the first greenhouse top dressing. To do this, take ¼ buckets of manure for 1 bucket of water and dilute it until a slurry is formed. Cabbage is loosened only 3-4 times, and the second dressing is carried out before the start of head formation. For this procedure, use complex fertilizers nitrophoska with the calculation of 30-40 g per 1 m².

In cloudy weather, you should feed the cabbage ammonium nitrate with the calculation of 20 g per 1 m². In order to develop good plant viability and resistance to weather conditions, they are spudded.

It should not be forgotten that cabbage - photophilous plant, therefore, this culture should be provided with good lighting.

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Features of growing early varieties

Good seedlings of cabbage can be identified by large leaves, a thick stem and a developed root system.

Cabbage in the greenhouse ripens faster than in the open field. There are such early varieties:

1. Number one K-206. Cabbage of this variety ripens in 100-125 days from the first shoots. The culture is quite productive: from 10 m² you can harvest from 25 to 40 kg of vegetables. It is important to clean the cabbage in time, as overripe heads of cabbage begin to crack.
2. Ditmar early. This cabbage ripens 55-70 days after planting the seedlings in the greenhouse;
3. Golden hectare 1432. The first heads of cabbage appear after 105-109 days from planting seedlings. The culture of this variety is characterized by resistance to cracking.

Perhaps such varieties: kohlrabi, colored and broccoli. The latter is very unpretentious and able to tolerate low temperatures. Broccoli seeds are sown in greenhouses at the end of March. The first shoots appear on the 3-4th day, and after 10 days 3-4 leaves appear on the stems.

Broccoli seedlings are planted in the ground at the end of April. Temperature regime should be 12-18ºС. Seedlings should be 35-40 days old and have 5-6 leaves. The soil for broccoli should be prepared in advance and well fertilized with superphosphate and potash fertilizers. Traditional care for this crop: regular watering, fertilizing and hilling. The central heads should be removed before the flowers bloom to preserve their flavor and firmness.

Cauliflower is a very demanding crop. For its growth, a high temperature of 18-20ºС and a humidity of 70-85% are necessary for the heads to fully form. The greenhouse must be constantly ventilated.

Cauliflower seedlings should be at least 45 days, after which they are planted in a greenhouse in late March - early April in rows.

Care for this crop should include watering 2 times a week, regular loosening, timely feeding, protection from harmful insects. From cruciferous flea can be eliminated with tobacco dust and lime. But when forming cabbage heads, spraying and sprinkling should be stopped.

Cauliflower should be harvested while the heads are firm and solid. Plants with powerful leaves are able to give a second crop after cutting the first heads. To do this, leave 1-2 shoots and care in the same mode. At proper care you can get heads weighing 500 g.

There are a great many types and varieties of cabbage today - white, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, red cabbage, Peking, Savoy, kohlrabi, broccoli. Cultures are unpretentious, not afraid of cold weather and tolerate frosts down to minus 2-3 degrees. One of their main differences is the growing season - the time from germination to harvest. The choice of species or variety for growing cabbage in a greenhouse depends on this criterion. Plants with a minimum growing season are cultivated in closed ground facilities.

Cabbage bed in the greenhouse

Subject to simple rules agricultural technology, you can grow any variety of the species you like in a greenhouse. However, it is not advisable to plant plants of late varieties in closed ground - it is better to cultivate them in open beds so as not to occupy a usable area. For greenhouse cultivation These types of cabbage are well suited:

• Beijing;
• early varieties of white cabbage;
• early varieties of color;
• sheet;
• Brussels.

Beijing cabbage in the greenhouse is cultivated most often. This species is distinguished by a minimum growing season - 40-50 days pass from germination to harvest. In well-equipped winter facilities, Beijing cabbage can be cultivated all year round.

Chinese cabbage harvest

The vegetation period of early varieties of white cabbage is on average 100-110 days. For greenhouse cultivation, its varieties such as June, Vesnyanka, Ditmarscher Fruer, Dymerskaya, Orakl, Parel F1, Kazachok F1 are suitable.

The harvest of early white cabbage is not suitable for long-term storage, therefore it is grown in large volumes exclusively for commercial purposes.

Cauliflower is more demanding on growing conditions, white varieties. To get stable high yields you need to maintain a moderate temperature (16-18 degrees) and avoid too bright lighting of the beds, as the heat and solar lighting are fraught with the formation of small heads.

Brussels sprouts have a long growing season (about 150 days), plants develop slowly. In the southern regions Brussels sprouts grown in open ground in the warm season, but in the northern regions without greenhouses, it is very problematic to obtain a crop of this crop.

Brussels sprouts are a valuable food

Leaf cabbage is unpretentious - its varieties tolerate both decent frosts (up to minus 15 degrees), and heat, drought. You can grow it with seedlings, as well as sowing seeds directly into the ground in a permanent place. The growing season of this plant is, depending on the variety, from 120 to 150 days. For a year in year-round greenhouses three crops can be harvested.

Harvest Success Starts with Seedlings

The process of cultivating any type of cabbage in a greenhouse begins with growing seedlings. This is a very important and responsible period, because the quantity and quality of the crop directly depends on the quality of the seedlings.

Selection of quality seeds

Now a few words should be said about right choice seeds. When purchasing seed, you need to pay attention to such points:

• quality - buy seeds exclusively in specialized stores;
• pay attention not only to the colorful picture, but also to the quality of the paper from which the packaging is made, to the tightness;
• each sachet must have clear information about the manufacturer and a printed expiration date;
• varieties should be selected not according to the picture, but according to the description, which indicates the growing season, growing conditions, etc.

Processing cabbage seeds before planting

This procedure will help improve germination and prevent the development of dangerous diseases. First, the seeds are calibrated by placing them in a 3% solution for 5 minutes. table salt. At the same time, the floating seeds are drained, and the seeds that have sunk to the bottom are washed and dried.

Preparation of a solution of potassium permanganate

To improve germination, disinfected seed is soaked in warm water(20-22 degrees) for 12 hours. At the same time, you can and should add wood ash(two tablespoons per litre).

The last stage is hardening, the seeds are kept in the refrigerator for a day on the bottom shelf, after which they are dried and sown in prepared beds or containers.

Preparation of nutrient soil mixture

Cabbage "loves" fertile soil, therefore, for growing seedlings, the soil mixture must be prepared correctly. Its main ingredients are as follows:

• sod land - one part;
• humus - one part
• ash - 10 tablespoons for every 10 kg of land.

Seedling ready for planting

Ash in this case is not only a source of macro- and microelements, but also an effective antiseptic that prevents infection of seedlings with such a dangerous disease as black leg. You can also buy suitable ready ground at the gardening store.

Proper seed care

Before planting, the soil mixture is well moistened. After the appearance of the seedlings, the plantings are thinned out, leaving for each sprout a feeding area of ​​about 2x2 cm. When the third leaf appears (after about two weeks), the seedlings dive into cassettes or separate pots - the feeding area necessary for the normal development of seedlings is 5x5 cm.

healthy strong seedlings can only be obtained under the following conditions:

• air temperature for seed germination - 20-22 degrees;
• temperature after germination during the day - 10-15 degrees, at night - 7-9 degrees;
• daylight hours for 12-15 hours - additional illumination is necessary in winter;
• timely watering - the soil should never dry out.

Seedlings are planted in a permanent place at the age of 55-65 days. The exception is cauliflower, the optimal age of seedlings of which should be 40-45 days. It is very important not to let the seedling outgrow - they will not tolerate transplanting well.

Planting seedlings of cabbage

Some experts practice a seedless way of growing cabbage in a greenhouse - the seeds are sown immediately in a permanent place. This method is ideal for the cultivation of Beijing cabbage, the seedlings of which do not take root well during transplantation. Often, the seedless method is also used when growing leafy varieties.

Agricultural technology of cabbage in a greenhouse

Despite the unpretentiousness, any type of cabbage requires certain conditions for normal development. It concerns the nutritional properties, acidity and moisture of the soil, its saturation with oxygen. It is mandatory to maintain a certain not very high temperature air and provision optimal lighting beds.

Soil preparation before planting

In greenhouses, as well as in the open field, it is very important to observe crop rotation. This will help avoid problems with diseases and pests. It should be ensured that cabbage does not return to its original place earlier than after 4 years. The best predecessors for her are onions, cucumbers, potatoes, beans, beans, peas.

For cabbage, soil with neutral acidity is ideal - pH 5.5-7. Achieve the desired performance acidic soils it is possible by introducing lime at the rate of 4-5 kg ​​per 10 squares. In addition, this procedure is an excellent prevention of many diseases.

Increase fertility and improve structure will help organic fertilizers- compost and well-rotted manure. They are brought in two months before planting seedlings when digging beds - by 10 square meters you will need 10-12 buckets of fertilizer.

The scheme of planting seedlings in a greenhouse

Required microclimate indicators

Cabbage grown in a greenhouse will develop well only under certain conditions:

1. The required air temperature is plus 16-18 degrees. At rates above plus 25, growth slows down, heads are formed very slowly, the lower leaves fall off, which affects the quality and quantity of the crop.
2. Optimum humidity, not only soil, but also air - the most in a suitable way is sprinkling. Ideal indicators in this case would be: soil moisture - 80 percent, air - 80-90 percent. Moreover, watering should be uniform, the soil should not dry out or, conversely, excessive frequent moistening - this can cause either a delay in development or cracking of the head.
3. Good lighting is one of the main elements of success. In the shade, a rich harvest will not work. The exception is cauliflower, which, during the development of inflorescences, needs to be covered from bright sunlight. The rest of the species, with a lack of light in the greenhouse, develop slowly, the optimal light regime for them is considered to be 15-16 hour daylight hours. Therefore, when growing crops in year-round greenhouses in early spring or late autumn additional illumination is required.
4. Regular top dressing - at least three to four times during the growing season. You can use for this mineral fertilizers in such proportions: per liter of water 1 gram of potassium chloride + 4 grams of superphosphate + 2.5 grams of ammonium nitrate. Under each plant pour 1 liter of the prepared solution. Moreover, top dressing should be done at regular intervals.

Sprinkler irrigation in a greenhouse

Potential Growing Problems

Growing cabbage in a greenhouse subject to optimal microclimate- is relatively easy. However, from time to time, for various reasons, plants can be affected by diseases and pests. To successfully deal with them, you need to clearly know the signs of infection in order to quickly take measures to eliminate the problem.

Typical diseases of cabbage

Diseases are the main problem of greenhouse cultivation. The most dangerous diseases include:

• keel;
• blackleg;
• Fusarium wilt (yellow).

Kila is the most dangerous disease this culture. Most often it affects white cabbage and cauliflower. Signs of infection: slow growth, wilting and yellowing of the leaves. Growths are visible on the roots of plants different shapes- vesicular, spindle-shaped, spherical.

quila- this is a fungus, the spores of which can be brought into the greenhouse from open ground or when planting seedlings purchased from unscrupulous sellers. The disease develops especially actively on waterlogged infertile soils. hyperacidity. The main prevention is the maintenance of the above microclimate indicators, soil acidity, attention to the disinfection of seeds before planting them in seedlings.

It looks like a keel on the roots

Blackleg- seedling disease, affects sprouts and seedlings in young age. The main signs are blackening, thinning of the base of the stem, accompanied by the appearance of a characteristic constriction. In this case, the stem rots, the sprout is easily pulled out of the soil. The disease actively develops with dense plantings, sharp fluctuations in temperature, and poor ventilation. If infected seedlings are found, they should be removed immediately.

Fusarium wilt - quick death

Fusarium wilt is a harmful disease that most often affects white and cauliflower. The causative agent of the disease is a soil microorganism that enters the greenhouse from open ground through gardening tools and shoes. It affects the system that controls the movement of water from the roots to the ground - as a result, the plant fades.

The main sign of Fusarium wilt is that the leaves become yellow-green in color and lose their turgor. Diseased leaves fall off, the growth of the plant as a whole slows down greatly. The disease is especially dangerous at elevated temperatures, all plantings can die.

The main methods of prevention of the above diseases are:

• careful seedbed preparation seeds;
• compliance optimal conditions growing cabbage in a greenhouse;
• use of a separate tool for work in closed ground.

healthy kale

Head crop pests

For greenhouse cultivation of cabbage, pests are not as dangerous as for open beds. However, it is necessary to carefully monitor the landings, preventing insects from entering the premises. The most dangerous for cabbage are:

• cruciferous fleas - small black bugs (up to 3 mm in size) with hind jumping legs;
• Cruciferous bugs are brightly colored insects with yellow, red or white stripes, dashes or spots on their backs.
• cabbage fly - a pest similar to an ordinary fly, the danger is the larvae that it lays at the base of the stem.

Cruciferous flea on cabbage

Bedbugs and fleas suck the juices from the leaves, and the larvae cabbage fly gnaw the base of the stem. In the greenhouse these harmful insects enter through doors and vents for ventilation. You can fight them using various means sold in specialized stores.

Cabbage is a healthy and easy-to-grow crop. You can also get a good harvest in the open field, but cultivation in greenhouses will allow you to grow cabbage not only for your own needs, but also open the way to the development of a profitable business.