Choosing the right water heater Selection rules and the principle of operation of a boiler for an apartment or house

From the author: welcome, dear subscribers! If you live in big city and you are not a happy owner of a gas water heater, then for sure you have repeatedly faced the problem of a long absence of hot water. Does it make sense to call the work of public utilities? They always have an explanation why cold water flows from the tap together with hot water: debts from the population, breakdown of the heating main, weak pressure in the pipes... A familiar situation, isn't it? You can solve this problem by installing a boiler for the apartment. We will tell you how to choose a boiler for your home , if you have encountered this device for the first time and are just getting ready to purchase it.

Boiler shape: what to look for?

It was not without reason that we began our review of a water heater for an apartment with this parameter. The fact is that its cost seriously depends on the shape of the boiler. Usually, round-shaped boilers are an order of magnitude cheaper than flat counterparts, since they take up more space.

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If you have enough free space in your kitchen, then you can safely purchase a round model. Its average diameter is 500 mm. Suppose that there is not so much space in the bathroom - then you can pay attention to the Slim miniature round boiler, its diameter is not more than 385 mm. Of course, such a model will cost a little more, since you always have to pay extra for ergonomics. But in the Slim electric heater, water reaches the desired temperature faster. What is the water consumption of such a model - you ask? Typically, such boilers are installed in an apartment where 1-2 people live. For a family of 3 or more people, a more efficient device is needed.

Let's talk about flat (rectangular) boilers. They cost more and are valued for their ergonomics, however, these are not all of their advantages. Inside the flat case, two water tanks can “hide” at once. Let's say that every day you use a small amount of water, then only one tank works. But as soon as the need for hot water increases, for example, after the guests leave, when you need to wash the mountain dirty dishes, you can start the second tank.

Which boiler is better: stainless steel or enameled steel?

The next important selection criterion is the material of the boiler for an apartment or a country house.

Please note that both stainless steel and enameled steel have a tendency to metal corrosion - this is inevitable. Of course, a stainless alloy in this respect should be more reliable, however, in this case it is important to pay attention to the thickness of the material and the reliability of the seams.

We have prepared a checklist for you that will help you check the boiler model you have chosen and understand how durable it is:

1. Do not buy too cheap product. Remember that the manufacturer will never sell the boiler at a loss. Conclusion - the heating device has some kind of flaw - most likely, this is a poor-quality material. The savings effect will become apparent after the warranty period has expired.
2. Pay attention to the size of the boiler: if it is massive, then, most likely, its welding seams are strong, and the material (stainless steel) is of sufficient thickness.
3. Short warranty period for electric water heater should alert you. The manufacturer seeks to relieve himself of responsibility as soon as possible: thin iron, poor-quality seams and enamel coating can create serious problems even with careful operation.
4. The magnesium anode is an important part of any modern boiler, regardless of the material from which it is made. The anode contributes to the protection of the tank from rust and significantly reduces the amount of scale. When buying a boiler for a summer residence or apartment, be sure to pay attention to the presence of this indispensable device!

Choosing a heating element: “dry” versus “wet”

The "heart" of any electric boiler is a heating element (tubular electric heater). Unfortunately, in most cases, the failure of this home appliance is associated precisely with the breakdown of the heating element. In modern storage boilers, two modifications of electric heaters are used:

1. "Dry" - are in a protective flask or capsule made of stainless steel, enameled steel (a).
2. "Wet" - in direct contact with water in the tank (b).

Consider the differences between these designs, their advantages and disadvantages.

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"Wet" heating element works like a boiler. Boilers with such a heater are an order of magnitude cheaper than those equipped with “dry” ones. There is an obvious downside to similar design- intensive scale formation. It leads to overheating of the heating element, provokes an increase in electricity consumption. If you do not clean such a heating element from scale, then sooner or later it will simply cease to perform its functions. Another disadvantage is the formation of electrochemical corrosion, which also reduces the life of the boiler.

A boiler with a "wet" heating element can be chosen for an apartment , if you have high-quality, soft water, or you have installed effective filters at the cold water inlet (optimally - reverse osmosis). In this case, a water heater with a "wet" heating element will serve you faithfully.

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"Dry" heating elements are more reliable and durable. If you live in a region that does not boast excellent water quality, we would recommend giving preference to this type of design. Although boilers with protected heating elements are more expensive, they are not subject to the formation of scale and corrosion with such intensity as devices equipped with “wet” heating elements.

Choosing a boiler for an apartment , Please note that "dry" heating elements with ceramic coating create less noise, keep heat longer. Such a boiler can be serviced without draining the water.

Modern manufacturers equip some models with two "dry" heating elements. This option allows you to independently adjust the power of the device. Moreover, if suddenly one of the heating elements is out of order, you can use the second one until the master fixes the breakdown.

Despite the high cost, usually, buyers prefer to order boilers with a protected heating element, as they are more durable and do not create problems during operation.

How to choose a boiler depending on the type of control?

The next step in the selection of a boiler for an apartment or cottage is an analysis of the type of control of the device. It can be mechanical or electronic.

Modern technologies do not stand still, boiler manufacturers are increasingly offering the consumer models with electronic control. However, many buyers like mechanical way settings of this household appliance, it is appreciated for its simplicity and practicality. Usually, the temperature setting lever is set under the bottom of the boiler, or under its cover. The capillary thermostat regulates the temperature with an accuracy of 3–5°С. Usually, the owners of boilers set up a fixed temperature regime and forget about the presence of a regulator for a long time.

With electronic control, everything is not so simple. Manufacturers equip boilers with a convenient LCD display that allows you to adjust the temperature of the water in the tank up to 1 ° C. Such a system is more economical in terms of energy consumption. Another bonus is the built-in sanitation system, which kills bacteria even in lukewarm water.

Please note that some modern boilers are equipped with automatic protection from voltage fluctuations in the network. This system extends the life of the device, increasing its reliability. Agree that it is better to pay more, but get a guarantee that the storage water heater will not fail due to power surges.

Volume matters

Before deciding to buy one, it is important to determine how much water you plan to use daily. In stores, you can find water heaters of completely different capacities, from miniature 10-liter boilers to giant 300-liter boilers.

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What kind of boiler to choose so as not to overpay for electricity and at the same time not experience a shortage of hot water? For one person, a boiler of 30–40 liters is enough, which will be correct.

Do you have a large family, do you plan to use the water heater for dishwashing, cooking and hygiene needs? Then the minimum volume of the boiler that suits you is 100 liters. If you live in a private house, you can purchase a tank for 200-300 liters, but such a device will require a separate room and outdoor installation.

Depending on your needs and the location where you plan to install a water heater, its volumes can be as follows:

1. 10-15 liters for the kitchen, as a 30-liter simply won't fit in confined space under the sink, and hanging the tank in a prominent place is not always a good idea.
2. 15–20 liters is the optimal boiler for a washbasin in a bathroom.
3. Do you want to take a bath? Then you will need more serious equipment - a 100-liter tank. If there is no space in the bathroom, then you can buy a more compact device with 80 liters.
4. If you have a shower cabin installed in your bathroom, then a boiler with a volume of 50–75 liters will be quite enough.
5. A large family with small children needs more water. Here you should pay attention to models from 120 to 150 liters.

When deciding on the choice of the volume of the boiler, pay attention to how much space this boiler will take up. household appliance. Having decided on the volume of the tank, it will be easier for you to calculate its cost.

What is a gearbox for a boiler, and what is its purpose?

The operation of the boiler in living conditions in an apartment building has some features. Usually, in apartments located on the first floors, the pressure in the pipes is higher than on the last ones. We would recommend protecting your boiler with a pressure reducer.

If you live on top floor, unfortunately, this cannot be a guarantee of the stability of the water pressure in the water supply. This indicator can “jump” throughout the day, therefore additional protection high-tech and expensive device will not be superfluous. Believe me, repairing or even buying a new boiler will cost more than purchasing and installing this small but very smart appliance!

Warranty support for the boiler: what to look for

In our review, we left the question of the boiler warranty for last. However, this does not mean that the warranty of such an expensive product is in last place in importance, quite the contrary!

Remember that a manufacturer's or retailer's warranty will save you a lot of potential problems. Agree that the installation of a boiler in an apartment is far from an ordinary phenomenon. To qualitatively build a water tank into your water supply system, you need to contact the experts, stretch the wiring, ground it. All this requires resources - time and money. Of course, any, even the most high-quality and expensive boiler, can go out of service. It will be very unpleasant if you have to fix the breakdown on your own, namely, the buyer of the device without a warranty card gets into such a situation. In this case, you will have to carry out diagnostics, repair and dismantling (if necessary) at your own expense.

A boiler that is not under warranty is most likely defective. Such a product can cause a lot of problems. Leak or blockage safety valve- it's still half the trouble. We don’t want to scare you, but low-quality water heaters can explode, causing injury to household members, flooding of neighbors, and many other troubles.

Here is another very important checklist that will allow you to analyze the quality of the boiler and avoid serious problems after buying it:

1. Manufacturer's official warranty.
2. The qualifications of the specialists who install the device must be confirmed by the appropriate license.
3. The operating water pressure must be within normal limits.
4. The possibility of carrying out regular preventive maintenance of the product is subject to warranty service.

As you can see, a boiler without a guarantee is a time bomb. Tempted by the “democratic” price of the product, you can subsequently spend a lot on repairs and even the purchase of a new boiler.

Can you imagine your life without such a boon of civilization as the presence of hot water in the house? Those times when water had to be heated for a long time and tediously over an open fire have sunk into oblivion, but public utilities quite often plunge us into a state of discomfort by turning off hot water in our homes. In addition, in many country houses where cold water supply is not provided, there is also a need for the presence of cold and hot water in the house, and it is not possible to do this without a boiler (in this case, a bulk one). Today we will talk about the existing types of boilers, their features, efficiency and the nuances of choosing such a useful device.

Which boiler to choose?

The buyer who decides to purchase a boiler is often faced with a difficult choice, and buying really worthwhile thing without having the appropriate knowledge is sometimes very difficult. To begin with, let's look at what boilers exist, and what are their strengths and weaknesses.

Types of boilers

storage boiler

water heater accumulative type (storage boiler) - is a fairly simple system consisting of a special tank and a heating element. Cold water is supplied to the tank under pressure, where it is already heated to a certain temperature using a heating element. This temperature is kept at a constant level and can be set manually or using the control unit.

Storage boilers are divided into electric and gas. Gas boilers are more powerful, so the water in such devices heats up twice as fast, but not all houses and apartments have gas, while an electric boiler works great from a simple electrical network. Gas boilers are an order of magnitude more expensive than electric counterparts, and their installation is much more difficult. However, a gas boiler is quite economical, and this is its advantage.

The disadvantages of storage type boilers, both gas and electric, include the large dimensions of the tanks and the slow heating of water.

Flow boiler

water heater flow type(flow boiler) - a fairly compact device that heats water using a spiral heating element with an insulating coating. Unlike storage boilers, flow models heat water directly at the time of its use, i.e. storage tank not available in these water heaters. When buying a flow boiler, it should be borne in mind that a flow boiler requires a large water pressure. Due to unstable temperatures, flow-through boilers are not suitable for lovers of hot water.

Like storage boilers, flow models are gas and electric. In the case of working on electricity, the power consumption is simply catastrophic. Another disadvantage is the distribution to only one location of the water supply. The undoubted advantages of such models include small dimensions and fast heating of water.

Bulk boiler

And what about those in whose houses cold water supply is not provided at all? It can be small cottages or houses in villages. There is a way out - a bulk boiler. A bulk water heater is a tank with a hinged top lid, where water previously pumped from a well can be poured manually. Further, the water is already heated using a heating element, similar to heating in a flow boiler. Bulk boilers differ in their volume, and are divided into boilers for washing hands and boilers for showering.

How to choose the right boiler?

You have decided on the type of boiler you are interested in, now it is time to list the main technical characteristics and parameters for choosing a boiler, so as not to make a mistake with the choice of an indispensable assistant.

The shape and volume of the tank. If the shape of the boiler tank (rectangular, cylindrical, thin) does not play a big role in its quality work, then the volume of the tank is a very important selection criterion. The required volume of the tank is calculated according to the number of family members and specific needs (sink, shower, bath). So for a family of four, a boiler tank of 200 liters will be more than enough, while a couple of two people will be quite happy with a boiler with a tank volume of about 100-120 liters.

Power. The more powerful the boiler, the faster it will heat the water. As already mentioned above, gas boilers much more powerful than electric water heaters, and at the same time economical. The power of the boiler itself largely depends on the power of the heating element, it is interesting that some manufacturers equip water heaters with two heating elements that can work both simultaneously and in turn, and this saves energy.

Boiler body material and internal organization . The boiler body can be made of of stainless steel, glass porcelain + enamel or titanium alloy. The service life of the water heater largely depends on the quality of the material, so take this selection parameter seriously. You should not buy a boiler with an internal coating of glass porcelain and enamel, because despite the low price of such devices, when exposed to temperature changes, the enamel quickly cracks, and the service life of such water heaters is not too long. When choosing between boilers with stainless steel and titanium alloy bodies, titanium alloy is preferable, because. the walls of such a water heater are thicker and less susceptible to water hammer.

Type of heating element. Boilers use dry and wet heating elements. The former will last longer, as they are much more resistant to scale formation.

In the context of rising prices for hot water from the tap and with systematic interruptions in the hot water supply system, electric water heaters have become a real salvation for residents apartment buildings. For the inhabitants of private cottages and dachas located far from city communications, a boiler or instantaneous water heater is practically the only option that allows you to provide everyone living in the house every day without any hassle. hot water.

It is only important to choose and install this miracle of civilization correctly, as well as to ensure systematic and competent maintenance of the unit. The choice of a water heater is an important issue that determines whether its purchase will be a successful way to solve problems or just cause new ones to appear.

Flow or storage

The instantaneous water heaters offered by modern retail chains have a fairly high power. In addition, they are, for the most part, cheaper than accumulative ones, they are easy to install and do not take up much space. The process of heating the liquid is carried out almost instantly when it passes through the heated tube of the flow. And at the same time, the volume of hot water dispensed by the device is not limited. Only 1-2 minutes will be required for the device to heat 7 liters of water to a temperature of 50 degrees.

Seemingly - perfect option for a private house or apartment. However, a flowing electric water heater has its drawbacks. And under certain conditions, they are quite significant.

Without going into details, which storage water heater is better or worse, one has only to say that the average power parameters of devices of this type are from 10 kW to 40 kW. And this means that for the operation of instantaneous electric water heaters, a separate cable outlet will be required, and an additional machine must be installed on the shield. Also, the device needs to be grounded. But even if these conditions are met, in an old house with not very reliable wiring, the installation flow heaters water is not recommended. Otherwise, there may be different kind emergency situations.

The second significant disadvantage is seasonality. In the warm season, the cold water entering the house through pipes is, for obvious reasons, slightly warmer than the one that flows from the tap in frosty winters. The difference is not very significant - only 2-4 degrees Celsius.

But, with a protochnik working in the house, these 4 degrees matter. Because, for example, for a person taking a shower, the question: to wash with water of +20 ° C or +24 ° C, for obvious reasons, becomes fundamental. To cover this difference, the water heater will have to be turned on at full capacity (which is fraught with additional costs for electricity and wiring problems) or a significant decrease in water pressure.

Therefore, choosing an instantaneous water heater is a good alternative to a boiler, but when installed in apartments in new buildings with reliable wiring. They heat water well and help out a lot if you need to wash your face or wash dishes. At the same time, you don’t even have to wait for the water to heat up (unlike a boiler, a flow heater does this very quickly). They, for example, can be installed by a summer resident who visits his possessions only in the warm season.

In summer, such a device will become a reliable source warm water. But take a full shower with good pressure if only a flow-through electric heater is installed, it will not always be possible. Nevertheless, choosing a modern storage water heater for a summer residence is not a bad option at all.

Having wondered how to choose an instantaneous water heater, it is worth remembering that the best instantaneous heater is always quite effective and has many degrees of protection.

The most advanced of instantaneous water heaters are equipped with flow sensors that ensure that the necessary heating elements are switched on in the required volume. That is, with an increase in flow, respectively, the inclusion more heating elements.

In addition, most instantaneous water heaters are protected from overheating due to the presence special system, which turns off the heating elements when the temperature rises above a predetermined level. Also, the best instantaneous electric water heaters have mechanisms to protect against high pressure and boiling of liquid in the system.

About boilers

Boilers have their drawbacks:

• complexity of installation;
• the inability to get hot water immediately if, for example, the device was not connected to the network before;
• the boiler tank takes up a lot of space and, if it is not about floor installation, must be mounted on a solid wall;
• consumes electricity not only to heat water, but also to maintain the temperature of an already heated liquid.

And although everyone decides for himself what is best for his home, in our country storage water heaters are more popular than instantaneous ones. They are suitable for a private house and a modern apartment, office and industrial premises.

To install a boiler, a separate cable outlet is usually not required. With a power of these devices of 1.5–3 kW, it is quite possible to get by with an ordinary outlet. In this sense, a storage water heater for an apartment, a flow-through water heater for an apartment, of course, is better. And if a storage electric heater of the required volume was originally purchased, warm water is enough for a comfortable shower or bath.

There is, however, another option. This is the so-called boiler indirect heating, which allows you to heat the required volume of liquid and maintain its temperature without additional energy consumption. The indirect heating boiler warms up the liquid due to the energy of the coolant, which flows through the heat exchanger spiral located in the water tank and thus warms up this water. Its installation is advisable in homes with gas or electric heating systems. Which boiler is better - everyone decides for himself based on his circumstances, needs and financial capabilities.

About the device and principles of operation of electric boilers

How to choose a boiler for the home, if modern boilers have a rather similar design, including a thermostat to control the temperature of the liquid, a water tank that heats the liquid, a heating element, a housing, a temperature sensor, a magnesium anode and a cable for connecting the device to the network? However, there are differences, and sometimes quite significant ones.

Mechanical or electronic thermostat

Provides protection of the heating element of the boiler from overheating (when heated to +95 ° C, the protective mechanism is triggered). The choice of a mechanical or electronic version is a matter of taste and habit, but electronic ones are distinguished by great accuracy.

Tank

The durability of the device and the quality of the outlet water depend on the materials used for its manufacture. Less an expensive option metal tanks remain. At the same time, a significant wall thickness and strength of welds are one of the guarantees for a long service life of the unit. Many expensive brands are produced with a glass-porcelain inner coating. These are the most reliable tanks, providing not only a long service life of the boiler, but also a good quality of the heated liquid. This should be remembered by everyone who solves the problem: how to choose a water heater in the house or in the country.

Teng

Provides hot water. AT different models boilers differ in shape and size. Most often it is represented by a nichrome spiral protected by a copper casing. One of the varieties - the so-called "dry heaters" have an insulating non-metallic coating, which ensures their reliability. The service life of such heating elements is somewhat higher. Therefore, it would be more correct to choose a water heater with a dry heating element.

magnesium anode

Can be permanently installed or removable. Its main function is to prevent corrosion processes on the internal surfaces of the tank.

Frame

Provides the effect of a thermos to maintain the desired temperature of the heated water in the tank, as well as protection against burns in case of accidental contact with the boiler. Various materials are used for the manufacture, including metals and plastics. Also, almost all models of storage electric heaters have their own color and design features.

Pointer or electronic temperature sensor

Placed on the body. Shows the temperature of the heated liquid.

Cable

Three-core with an identifying insulating coating. The blue and brown outputs are intended for connection to the terminals of the thermostatic device.

About the principles of operation of storage water heaters

The principle of operation of a heating element in heaters is similar to that of a conventional boiler. The liquid supply to the tank is lower. The liquid entering the tank is evenly heated due to the fact that the warmer, already heated layers are displaced upwards by having greater density cold. The uniform distribution of liquid temperatures in the tank is additionally ensured by the presence of a jet divider.

When the liquid is heated above established norm, the protective thermostat works, turning off the heating element. After the temperature drops by 2-3 degrees, the heating element automatically turns on. The required temperature level is set by the user. At the same time, the water temperature in the boiler cannot be higher than +95 °C.

Things to keep in mind when choosing a boiler

And although there are not and cannot be 100% complete instructions on how to choose the right boiler, nevertheless, when going to the store for a purchase, it is important to decide in advance on:

• the required capacity and the desired shape of the water tank;
• preferences in the location of nozzles;
• preferred brand;
• with installation method.

Volume of the tank

With the problem of how to choose a storage water heater, this is one of the most important parameters. So a 10-15-liter volume will be enough for washing dishes or washing, but not for taking a shower. Thirty and fifty liters is a perfectly acceptable option for installation in an apartment where one person lives. He will provide warm water both for technical needs and for comfort in the shower.

For a family of 2-3 people, a device of 50 liters will not be enough, and therefore choose a volume of 75 liters or more. In this case, the house will not have time to wash "while it's hot." Not the most the best way to buy a storage electric heater of obviously larger volume, for the future. Firstly, the rate of water heating depends on the size of the tank, and secondly, the owners of volumetric boilers have to pay more for electricity consumption.

Also, do not forget that devices with a multi-liter tank take up more space. And units from 80 liters in general are most often floor-mounted. This means that in order to install them, you will need separate area in the bathroom, hallway, kitchen or pantry. But if the family consists of 6-8 people, which boiler is better to buy? Indeed, then you will have to think about purchasing a heater for 250-300 liters. It should be remembered that they are designed for 220–380 V networks, and the water in them heats up for 4–6 hours. Therefore, in some cases, it makes sense to consider purchasing two separate boilers - 80 liters or 100 liters. A simple table will help determine the required volume.

When solving the problem of how to choose a water heater, preselection the shape and method of installation of the product is also important. It is extremely disappointing to purchase and bring home an expensive product, and only then find out that in shape and dimensions it does not fit, for example, into a bath, or that the quality of the walls does not allow the installation of wall-mounted models with a large tank, etc.

The form

The shape of the body of the storage heater is not only of aesthetic importance, but determines some technical characteristics, on which it may even depend: which water heater to choose for a summer residence, and which one for a house. On sale you can find boilers:

• cylindrical;
• rectangular shape;
• rectangular or cylindrical shape with a decrease in the diameter of the body.

The variant with a cylindrical body is the most common and, as a rule, the most affordable. Choosing a storage water heater of this form for a house or a summer residence is a pretty reasonable decision. Also, Slim-devices with a reduced (up to 10 cm) case diameter have become increasingly common on sale. Places, when installed correctly, they take up less space, and the water is heated faster, and therefore will be a good choice for installation in an apartment.

Devices that have rectangular shape are usually good heat-insulating properties. This type of water heater retains heat better and thus provides additional savings in electrical energy.

Brand

If you have to choose a boiler, you should also decide on your preferred brands and country of origin in advance. Just so you don't regret the missed opportunities later.

The technical characteristics of the product are also of great importance. Without knowing them, it is very difficult to choose an electric storage water heater for your home. They determine the functionality and durability of the boiler.

Tank material

In more than 70% of cases, the failure of the boiler is associated with a violation of the tightness of the water heater tank. As a rule, stainless steel or enamel is used for the manufacture of the tank, that is, steel with an enamel coating.

Stainless steel has a high chromium content, which increases the resistance of materials to corrosive processes. But during welding, the level of chromium content drops sharply, and conditions of high humidity contribute to the onset of intergranular corrosion, which inevitably leads to leakage. As a result, some stainless steel tanks "surrender" after serving no more than a year.

So internal coating tank enamel is considered more reliable. In the manufacture of boilers are used special formulations enamels with some elasticity. The fact is that when heated, the metal from which the walls of the tank are made expands and contracts as a result of cooling. If the enamel is sufficiently fragile or applied unevenly, there will be a risk of leaks already in the first months of the unit's service life. Therefore, when choosing a boiler with an enameled tank, it is better and safer to give preference to more expensive models from well-known manufacturers.

One of the most effective and best in terms of reliability methods of enameling is recognized as expensive powder electrostatic. Subsequent firing at temperatures above 800 °C results in a coating of exceptional strength. Therefore, the warranty period for such products can be from 7 years or more.

Having decided on the intricacies of manufacturing a tank of the model you like, and excluding the possibility of purchasing the cheapest models, it is also important to pay attention to:

1. Warranty periods offered by the seller and the manufacturer. If the warranty is given for only a year, it is better to refuse the purchase.
2. boiler weight. Those who have not had to use electric water heaters before can consider the small weight of the selected model - positive moment. In fact, the weight of devices usually depends on the wall thickness, and it is this parameter that determines the strength of the seams. So the significant weight of the boiler is an absolute plus.
3. The presence of a magnesium (titanium) anode. It is a reliable prevention of corrosion.
4. The degree of reliability and the type of heating element used.

Ten is another important element that determines the life and efficiency of the boiler.

Tens

Now about how to choose an electric heating element. They can have a special protective capsule or flask (dry ten) or directly contact with water (wet). The first option is more expensive and therefore more reliable. On the "wet" in the process of service, a layer of scale quickly appears, which significantly increases energy consumption and reduces the life of the device. Also, wet heating elements are more susceptible to electrochemical corrosion. Some of the boilers have 2 dry heating elements, which significantly increases their service life.

By type of management

Boilers can be with electronic or mechanical type management. The second option is more expensive products, with the possibility of more precise adjustment. temperature regime. But which is better, everyone decides for himself.

One example of a boiler with a mechanical system is water heaters with a capillary thermostat and a rotary regulator mounted on the bottom or under the cover of the water heater. The minimum error when adjusting the heating in such devices is 3 °C.

Advantages of more modern models with electronically controls and the presence of an LCD display in:

• accuracy of establishing the temperature regime;
• saving electricity;
• presence automatic systems surge protection.

All this provides increased comfort during the operation of the device.

Equipment

Ideally, in the factory kit with a water heater, in addition to the mandatory instructions for using the unit, it is desirable to have:

• electrical wires;
• pressure reducer;
• safety valve;
• brackets for fastening;
• insulating bushings.

In the absence of any of these components, they will have to be purchased separately. Without them, the connection and safe operation of the heater is impossible.

About installation

Before proceeding with the installation of the selected boiler, you should decide whether it is a horizontal, vertical or universal device. It is also designed to be placed on the wall or placed on the floor.

The success of the installation of a mounted boiler depends on the strength of the walls and the choice of anchors and brackets. It is important to remember that the choice of fasteners is determined, among other things, by the material from which the walls of the house are made (concrete or brick).

Another point related to the orientation of the boiler in space: it must be remembered that the hole for draining the liquid is always at the bottom.

1. An important step is the installation of a safety valve (read the instructions).
2. Connect the electric water heater to the plumbing system. To do this, turn off the cold water. The hose is brought to the boiler, the joints are treated with sealant.
3. Only after this is the outlet of the pipe for the heated liquid carried out (the outlet is marked with red paint).
4. Mixers are installed.

First power on

To turn on the boiler for the first time:

1. Close the hot water tap on the faucet first.
2. Open the electric heater tap marked in blue.
3. After you manage to get rid of air bubbles in the hoses, and water begins to fill the tank, you can close the boiler tap, marked in red.

After that, the device is ready for use.

Manufacturer rating

Having studied the entries and reviews on specialized forums, it is easy to rank the most popular brands without trying to determine which ones are better and which are worse.

Of course, this rating of storage water heaters is only evidence of the special popularity of these brands among domestic users. And it does not at all indicate the storage water heater from which company it is better to purchase. And also it is not at all evidence of the low quality of products of manufacturers not included in the rating.

Related videos

The situation when there is no hot water supply is possible in apartment buildings. The issue of organizing the supply of hot water is also relevant for private housing construction, when the owners must independently equip communications. Therefore, the question arises of choosing a water heater.

Types of heaters and their features

When choosing an electric boiler, you should decide on the type of device that will suit you in specific conditions. Water heaters are:

• flowing;
• accumulative;
• combined (flow-accumulative).

Visually they are similar. The shape of the boilers can be rectangular and cylindrical. The size of the devices depends on the volume of the container located in it.

Flow heaters

Internal structure and principle of operation

The flow type water heater is small and is characterized by the ability to heat water almost instantly without volume limitation. A high level of performance is achieved due to the features of the device. The flow of cold water upon entering the device moves through the flask, where it is subjected to intense heating using a tubular electric heater (TEH). The heating rate is provided by the characteristics of the heating element, which is made of copper. A significant indicator of the power of a copper element placed in a small-sized case stands out from them.

One instantaneous water heater unit serves only a single point of water intake. The use of this device for several points will not give the desired effect.

Compact device

This device does not require complex maintenance. The use of flow heaters is advisable if there is a need to organize an emergency supply of warm water for a short time.

The main characteristic of flow-through water heating equipment is the power indicator. It is high for devices of this type, minimum value is 3 kW, and the maximum is 27 kW. Reliable electrical wiring is required for trouble-free operation of the equipment. So, in the process of choosing a water heater, attention should be paid mainly to power.

Equipment with a power of up to 8 kW is allowed to be connected to a single-phase network with a voltage of 220 V.

Devices with more power are included in three-phase networks with a voltage of 380 V.
Another characteristic of the device is the amount of water that it heats per unit of time. Units with a power of 3 to 8 kW are capable of heating 2-6 l / min. This job takes less than 20 seconds. Equipment with such operational qualities able to 100% meet domestic water needs.

The decision to purchase one or another instantaneous water heater based on the need for hot water and characteristics electrical wiring. As for choosing a brand of device, rely on consumer reviews and sales ratings.

Method of installation of instantaneous water heater

The compactness and low weight of these devices expand the choice of mounting location. As already mentioned, there are wiring requirements due to the high power electrical equipment. The cross section of the wire should be within 4-6 square meters. mm. In addition, the passage of currents through the circuit necessitates the installation of a meter rated for at least 40 A and appropriate circuit breakers.

Connection of instantaneous water heaters is carried out in two ways:

• Stationary. In this case, in the water supply system, the processes of intake and supply of heated water occur in parallel. To connect in this way, tees are cut in and valves are mounted in the corresponding pipes that supply cold and hot water. After that, the pipe cold water is connected to the inlet of the device, and at the outlet the hose or pipe is equipped with shutoff valves. After checking for leaks in the connections of plumbing fixtures, the electrical part of the equipment is launched.
• Temporarily. With this method of connecting the heating device, a shower hose is used. AT right time it is easily blocked and transferred to the main hot water line. Connecting the equipment consists in inserting a tee into a pipe with cold water, to which a tap is mounted, and connected to a flexible hose at the outlet of the heater. To start the equipment, open the water and turn it on to the electrical network.

Advantages and disadvantages of flow equipment

The advantages of a flow type water heater are obvious:

• compactness;
• ease of installation;
• average cost.

The disadvantages of this equipment include:

• electricity consumption is large;
• it is necessary to have a constant high pressure of water supply;
• the use of the device is limited if the equipment is installed on upper floors multi-storey buildings for the reason described above.

These disadvantages can be avoided by using storage-type water heaters.

Storage water heaters

The scope of such boilers

The autonomy of the water supply system is ensured by the installation of flow type heaters. However, there is a problem with determining the device model for DHW.

The volume of some models of storage heaters is 500 liters. For domestic needs, such a volume of water is not required, therefore, devices with a capacity of 10-150 liters are most in demand. In accordance with this indicator, the equipment is floor or wall.

Device and principle of operation

An electric storage boiler consists of a round or cylindrical tank in which a heating element is installed. The design is placed in the body, and between it and the tank there is a layer of thermal insulation. The heater is designed to heat water in the temperature range of 35-85 degrees Celsius. Due to the heat insulator, the set water temperature is maintained for 2-3 hours. When the temperature of the water in the tank drops to the value set by the system, the heating is switched on automatically. When the water temperature reaches the required level, the heating element also automatically turns off. The operation of the device in this mode saves energy consumption.

A device for controlling the temperature in the water heater tank is called a thermostat. It is included in the design of any boiler. Additionally, electric heaters have the following options:

• accelerated heating;
• antibacterial treatment of the container;
• control in different modes.

The electrical types of these devices operate at a standard voltage of 220 V and do not require special equipment and specific characteristics of the network. Moreover, the devices have a power of 2-3 kW, which is comparable to an electric kettle. Such characteristics are the indisputable advantage of the units.

Low energy consumption does not affect the performance of the water heater. The device is capable of providing hot water to all water intake points in the house at the same time.

What to consider when choosing a storage boiler?

Before choosing a boiler, it is important to determine the volume of the tank. The calculations should take into account the need for hot water, but also prevent unproductive operation of the unit. In addition, it must be understood that an increase in the volume of the container leads to a proportional increase in the duration of its heating. If it takes about 10 minutes for water to reach a temperature of 45 degrees Celsius in a ten-liter device, then 100 liters will heat up to this temperature in 4 hours.

Water consumption is determined based on the number of water intake points in the house and the number of people living in it. By multiplying these two values, the volume of the boiler is calculated.

The location of its intended location influences the choice of a water heating device.

The dimensions of the device require free space. Depending on the design of the cold water supply system, the optimal installation location and connection to it is determined. In order to save space, options for models with horizontal placement, which are mounted at ceiling level, can be considered. Manufacturers of heating appliances make the case with such a design that it easily fits into the interior of the room.

How to install a storage water heater

Installation of a storage electric boiler is carried out according to the following algorithm:

• Mark the attachment points of the water heater, depending on their design. Next, holes are made into which dowels are inserted. The latter are necessary for reliable fastening of the hooks in the wall. Take into account during the markup some margin of space that will be needed when putting on the hooks of the device.
• After making sure that the fastening is reliable, they begin to connect the device to the water supply system. This requires pipes or flexible hoses, which will connect the water supply at the inlet and outlet to the water intake points. It is recommended to use flexible hoses, as modern models are able to withstand high pressure and are easy to install and do not require additional sealing. Be sure to install on the cold water supply to the boiler check valve which is included with the equipment. Connecting the boiler to a hot water tap does not require any additional devices.
• After completing the installation of water communications, it is necessary to open the hot and cold water taps to remove air. An indicator of its absence in the system is a stable flow of water. At the same time, the described procedure serves to check the tightness of the connections.
• If tests have shown the reliability of the system, then it is allowed to connect the power supply using an individual circuit breaker or by plugging the plug into a socket. At correct connection the corresponding indicator lights up. Further, the required water temperature is regulated as indicated in the instructions attached to the boiler.

It's no secret that during the summer, interruptions in hot water in apartment buildings are a common thing. The reason lies in the planned repair work for which the utilities are responsible. They can last several weeks. At this time, most citizens have to forget even about the primary comfort. In such cases, the boiler will be the salvation. The reviews of many homeowners speak in favor of the presence of such a unit in the house.

General information

Few are willing to put up with prolonged absence hot water. In this case, it is advisable to purchase a special unit. Reviews will help you navigate the existing range. The boiler has become an indispensable household item for many. However, a large part of consumers do not understand the features of these devices at all. it is necessary to acquire such that its work ensures the implementation of all the household needs of the family.

Classification

Currently, there are two types of the device: storage and flow boiler. In order to finally decide on the model of the unit, it is necessary to take into account all the features of each type. Next, we will figure out how to choose a boiler in an apartment.

Appearance

All water boilers are similar to each other in this parameter. As a rule, devices have a cylindrical or rectangular shape. A special handle is located on the front surface. It regulates the temperature. The accumulative boiler differs in impressive sizes. According to many consumers, this is a big drawback of such units. Indeed, in some residential premises there is not enough space for its installation. The size depends on the size of the model. Many homeowners buy a flow-accumulative unit. This preference is understandable. Reviews speak about the advantages of such devices. type combines the advantages of products from the first two main groups. Next, we consider in more detail the features of devices from each category.

Flow type device: general information

This one is quite compact. This is a definite advantage of the product. It can heat water very quickly, and in unlimited quantities. As many buyers note, such a device has high performance. Cold water that enters the device instantly heats up to 45-60 degrees. At the same time, it passes through the flask and special item- TEN. It is built into the device. Speaking about how to choose a boiler in an apartment, it should be said about the speed of operation and the power of the unit. Preference should be given to models with copper heating elements. According to consumers, flow-through water boilers do their job well. However, one condition is necessary. The operation of the device is carried out when only 1 draw-off point is in operation.

Life time

Such equipment does not require careful and frequent maintenance. At the same time, the service life is several years. Thus, it is advisable to use flow modules in the event of a short-term absence of hot water supply in apartments and houses. This also applies to catering establishments, schools and other socially significant facilities.

It is important to know

How to choose a boiler in an apartment? High power is an important technical parameter of any flow model. It is in the following range: 3-27 kW. It should be noted that not every electrical wiring can withstand the operation of such equipment. Thus, when choosing a model, you should pay attention to the power of the device.

Operation features

Which have a power of 3-8 kW, can be connected to ordinary sockets with single-phase voltage. It is 220 watts. Models with higher power can be used in apartments with electric stoves that are equipped with three-phase voltage outlets. It is 380 watts.

Volume

Models of heaters differ in this parameter. In particular, this refers to the volume of hot water that can be heated in 1 minute. During this time, flow models with a power of 3-8 kW give out from 2 to 6 liters. The heating period is no more than 20 seconds. This volume will be quite enough for important hygienic and domestic needs. Before choosing a boiler in an apartment, you should assess the needs of its inhabitants. It is also worth taking into account technical capabilities wiring. You can see the rating of manufacturers. It is based on sales results. Now the leaders are such brands as Electrolux and Bosch. However, there are other popular models. For example, also in a wide range products "Termeks" are presented.

Pressure and non-pressure flow models: installation features

They are built into the plumbing. This allows you to alternately carry out several household procedures. It is recommended to install these devices in urban apartments. Installation of non-pressure models of units has its own characteristics. They are located strictly near the water point. Thus, these devices are advisable to use in the country.

Additional Information

Many consumers indicate in their reviews one significant disadvantage flow structures - high flow electricity. Not every homeowner is willing to spend a large amount on paying bills. To minimize costs, it is necessary to greatly reduce the consumption of hot water. For this reason, for those people who are not going to limit themselves in this regard, such a model will not work. Flow models are not used in homes that have autonomous systems water supply and heating. The reason again lies in the high consumption of electrical energy.

Second group

It includes storage units. These devices have their advantages. Their volume can reach up to 500 liters. For operation in residential buildings models that have a smaller tank are selected. Its value may vary depending on the number of residents in the apartment. The main volumes are 10-150 liters. Such devices take up a lot of space on the wall or on the floor. It depends on the parameters of the selected model. Despite this, many consumers prefer this particular type of unit. With such devices in the house there will always be a sufficient amount of hot water.

Principle of operation

The device in question is an oblong or round heat-insulating tank. In it, with the help of a heating element, water is heated to the required temperature. It varies in the following range: 35-85 degrees. This temperature can be maintained for up to three hours. After the water has cooled down, the heater will automatically turn on and warm it up. To do this, the temperature should fall by only 0.5 degrees. After heating, the device will turn off automatically. Thanks to this mode of operation, electricity is consumed more economically. This is the main advantage of the devices. The set temperature is maintained by a thermostat. It is included in the design of each storage device. Some models can be additionally equipped with the following items:

Features of work

A clear advantage of this equipment, according to buyers, is that all such models can be connected to conventional sockets with a voltage of 220 volts. Also pay attention to power. It does not exceed 2-3 kW. This power can be compared with electric kettles, which are used in almost every home. At the same time, the performance of the device does not decrease even from low power consumption. Storage water heaters can simultaneously provide hot water to each draw-off point in the apartment. Appliances equipped with large tanks allow you to take a bath for all family members, as well as satisfy the rest household needs. For example, washing dishes or cleaning.

In most cases, buyers do not know how to choose a boiler for an apartment so that its volume is optimal. It is necessary to accurately calculate the needs so that later there is no shortage of it. In addition, the device must not be idle. Heating the excess volume of water is completely useless. It is worth paying attention to the fact that a large tank will warm up longer. For example, a 10-liter container of water will heat up to 45 degrees in about 10 minutes. It is easy to calculate how long it will take for the same thing to happen with a 100-liter tank. In many cases, a 50 liter boiler is the optimal solution. Here the question arises of which model to purchase. Many consumers buy an Ariston boiler. One of the undoubted advantages of these units is the presence of an autoclave flange. Due to its presence, the possibility of water leakage through the gasket is prevented. The seal in such models is pressed due to pressure head. The higher it is, the stronger the gasket fits accordingly. In addition, the Ariston boiler with an average tank volume is a fairly compact model. Experts recommend purchasing units with a simple design sensor - in the form of an arrow.

Calculation

It is necessary to take into account the number of water points that are in the house. Thus, one can calculate approximate consumption water per family member. The result obtained must be multiplied by the number of residents in the apartment. The result will be the approximate volume of the tank that is required in a particular case.

Accommodation features

Before choosing a boiler in an apartment, it is necessary to take into account the availability of free space in the toilet or bathroom. These devices are in most cases located in these rooms. Many want to save usable space. In this case, it is more expedient to purchase a horizontal boiler. It is installed under the ceiling. It is necessary to give preference to the device, the case design of which will be well combined with the interior of the room. Embedded models are also now available. They can be hidden in a niche under the sink.

Popular firms

Many consumers wonder if there is best boiler. It is hardly possible to answer it unambiguously. Currently, the following brands are popular on the Russian market:

• Ariston;
• Electrolux;
• "Termex".

Installation

The wall-mounted boiler for 50 liters, 100 or 150 is equipped with special brackets on the housings. In this case, preliminary marking is required. Hooks are driven into the wall at these places. Then the device is hung on them. It is worth noting that models that assume a vertical type of placement cannot be placed horizontally. Also vice versa. If the boiler is horizontal, then mount it that way. Those floor units, whose volume exceeds 150 liters, must be installed on a flat hard surface. In this case additional elements fasteners are not provided. The device is connected to the water supply using It is usually easy to figure out how the tank is filled and how the boiler works in general. The manual contains all necessary information. The unit is connected to the network after the tank is full.

Features of combined models

These devices are universal water heating devices. They have absorbed all the best features of other types of related equipment. These water heaters can operate in two modes. They are quite compact. In addition, these devices have a relatively small weight - up to 6 kg. Their installation is very simple. Due to the above advantages, these devices have earned the attention of buyers. They are very often installed in private houses or cottages. The size of the tanks of such heaters is 10-30 liters. This is quite enough for those who went to rest in the country.

Leaders of sells

The Electrolux boiler is a rectangular tank. The material of the inner tank is glass enamel. There are two independent heating elements. A magnesium anode is provided. Models are available both vertical and horizontal. Different units are equipped with tanks of different sizes. Boiler Electrolux can have a capacity of 15 to 200 liters.

Design features

The device features two independent heating elements. They are part of the X-feat system. Heating elements do not have direct contact with water. From the inside, the tank is covered with fine glass enamel. This material protects it from corrosion. Thanks to him, the device will last much longer. The hardening process of fine glass enamel occurs at a temperature of 850 degrees. This material has unique properties. This glass enamel is incredibly smooth and hard. Among its advantages, one can also distinguish a certain elasticity. Thanks to it, the tank of the device is reliably protected from corrosion. However, not only high-quality enamel fights rust. In particular, this applies to the magnesium anode of increased mass.

Technical specifications:

1. Power - 220 V.
2. Maximum allowable pressure- 5 bar.
3. Temperature - 30-70 degrees.

Before buying, it is important to know how much such boilers cost. The prices of small compact models are less than 2000 rubles. More voluminous models cost from 5-7 thousand rubles.

Boiler "Termex"

Products are made using high quality materials and modern technologies. Any boiler "Termeks" is equipped with a protective shutdown device. It provides complete electrical safety during operation. Many, of course, are interested in how much such boilers cost. Product prices vary. Quite a good model, for example, can be purchased for 2400 rubles.

Application area

This electric water heater is designed to provide hot water to industrial and domestic facilities. In this case, the pressure in the water supply system must correspond to the following range: 0.5-0.6 MPa. The device must only be used in heated and closed rooms. This equipment is not designed for continuous flow operation.

Maintenance

Models equipped with mechanical control have function keys (I and II) on the control panel. They allow you to select the required power. Built-in Switching on the button I corresponds to the following power: 1.3 kW, while both of them in working condition give 2 kW. This or that intensity of operation is selected by the user. It depends on the season and specific hot water needs. On models equipped with electric panel, control is carried out using a digital display. Thanks to him, the user can turn the device on and off. The button on the control panel, which is located on the left of the display, is responsible for this. There is a display of the set heating temperature. All related information is displayed in a few seconds. Thus, the user can be constantly aware of the current water temperature. The choice of power is carried out using the middle button, which is also located on the control panel. The initiation of the pilot lamp L2 accompanies the 2 kW mode, while L3 - 1.3 kW, respectively. During operation of the device, the heating temperature can be adjusted by the user.

Control Features

Models with a mechanical regulator are produced. It is located on the corresponding panel. The device will be disconnected from the mains if the knob is turned counterclockwise as far as it will go. At the same time, when the procedure is reversed, the temperature will gradually increase. It can reach 75 degrees. It is worth noting that in some devices of water heaters of this company it is impossible to adjust the temperature manually, since this possibility is not provided. In particular, this applies to the RZB10 model. Electronically controlled instruments are equipped with a display. The user can configure the device using three touch keys. All modes are easy to control thanks to the information that is displayed on the display. There is also an indication of the three corresponding lamps. The choice of heating temperature is carried out by pressing the right button. To switch to the desired mode, you need to do this several times. The temperature change step is 5 degrees. If the device is turned on for the first time or started working after a power failure, the default setting is 75 degrees.