Mauerlat dimensions on aerated concrete walls. How to make a Mauerlat on aerated concrete with and without an armored belt, what nuances to pay attention to

Private and public construction requires the use of structural elements of varying complexity. When building houses from aerated concrete, a special element is used - Mauerlat. There is a special technology that describes the fastening of a Mauerlat to aerated concrete without an armored belt. This method of construction significantly increases the reliability and service life of the future structure.

Design features

The technology for building houses from aerated concrete is being improved for objective reasons - in the materials market, the demand for aerated concrete blocks is growing every day. Features of the construction of houses from this material allows for high-quality development in the shortest possible time. A house built of cellular concrete has favorable thermal insulation characteristics, and is also distinguished by a relatively small structural mass.

Aerated concrete has a disadvantage associated with the difficulty of attaching structural elements to each other. The porous base of the walls is difficult to connect to the main frame, and builders have to look for additional solutions. Mauerlat is a structural element that connects the walls of the building and the roof. An armored belt made of reinforced concrete helps solve the problem, but some homeowners use the method of attaching a Mauerlat to aerated concrete without an armored belt.

A feature of aerated concrete structures is that it is difficult for porous concrete to withstand the point pressure of pressure elements. Mauerlat is an important structural element that performs the function of a load. Unlike the foundation, the mauerlat bears the load exerted only by the roofing part of the building - the roof, the inner part of the slope and thermal insulation layers.

Working with a metal or wooden Mauerlat helps in redistributing pressure on the walls. Mounting the Mauerlat also facilitates the installation work associated with the installation of truss elements.

Calculation algorithm

Installation of the desired material can be performed using the following modules:

• Wooden supports;
• Metallic profile.

The cross section for a wooden beam is selected within the format of 10 cm * 10 cm. If the roof has especially large dimensions, it is recommended to use larger modules (10 cm * 15 cm, 15 cm * 15 cm, 15 cm * 20 cm). There is a certain proportion in accordance with which the Mauerlat is fastened for work - the thickness of the material must be equal to 2 thicknesses of the rafter supports.

The production of Mauerlat from logs is possible, but does not justify the effort expended - it is difficult to adjust the cross section of the log to the configuration of the truss components. The characteristics of the wood selected for the job must also meet high standards. The Mauerlat is fastened with a tree, which is checked for wear resistance and the absence of mechanical damage.

The best option is considered to be high-quality hardwood treated with special compounds. It is also possible to use a metal profile for work with fastening the roof. Carrying out such work is accompanied by the use of a channel or an I-beam impregnated with anti-corrosion substances.

Basic values

A specialist who installs a Mauerlat without an armored belt must correctly calculate the main parameters. The following values ​​are taken into account during operation:

• Built-up area;
• Type of roofing system;
• Features of roofing material;
• Seismic activity of the zone;
• Climate influence.

There are various structural forms of the roof, but the most common is the gable roof. As an example, it is advantageous to make a calculation for work on this type of roof. The volume of the Mauerlat is measured by the formula V=P*S, where P- the perimeter of the flooring, and S- section of a bar or V=N/R, where N is the mass of the beam, and R is the density of the tree.

Fastening methods

Fastening the Mauerlat to aerated concrete without an armored belt can be carried out in accordance with several technologies. Work on fastening to aerated concrete blocks is carried out using special elements.

Chemical anchors

This method is based on the use of chemical resins with adhesive properties. Liquid dowel or other chemical paste perfectly connects the porous surface of aerated concrete and metal profiles. In small buildings, fixing corners with ties, brackets and screws is allowed. Anchor fastening enhances the level of protection of the structure.

Working with chemical compositions implies the following list of actions:

• Filling the hole with adhesive mass;
• Fixation of the metal frame;
• Control of the solidification of the composition.

It is noted that the corners strengthened in this way are distinguished by great durability and a long service life (up to 50 years). It is forbidden to carry out welding work with fixed metal profiles, as chemical anchors are sensitive to high temperatures.

Studs for fastening

Construction studs are perfect for small buildings, where the Mauerlat is fastened so that it acts as a reinforced belt.

Working with the use of studs implies the following list of actions:

• Drilling holes at a distance of 1.5 m;
• Fixing the stud with cement composition;
• Installation of a waterproofing layer;
• Mauerlat installation;
• Fastening the timber with forged brackets;
• Installation of a roofing system over the structure.

steel wire

Using a steel wire of a certain thickness, you can achieve a similar result in installation work. Using this method involves the following sequence of actions:

• Immuring twisted wire into the walls of the building;
• Control of the correct position of the wire in aerated concrete;
• Control of the free passage of the wire through the bar;
• Calculation of the required number of components in accordance with the number of rafters.

The support of the rafters on the walls of small blocks of porous concrete can be carried out using special reinforced beams - brackets. Brackets are made of metal with anti-corrosion coating. Fixation occurs with the help of wire ties, self-tapping screws, plates and perforated tape.

Mauerlat - a design designed accept and evenly distribute the load created by the roof and perceived by the walls. With its help, the stability of the roof is ensured, provided that the Mauerlat was fastened in accordance with all the rules. To do this, you need to know what a Mauerlat is, how it is attached to the aerated concrete wall, and also in what sequence the work should be performed.

Do you need a Mauerlat?

Without Mauerlat, it is possible to install roofing systems on frame houses, as well as buildings built from timber and logs. They have the function of this constructive element can make the top crown of logs or the top beam. For buildings made of aerated concrete, this is unacceptable, and therefore the installation of a Mauerlat must be made mandatory.

With it, you can:

• substantially reinforce the building box;
• increase the rigidity of the mounted roof;
• align the upper crown of the wall in a horizontal plane;
• to provide fastening of the roof structure and walls of the building.

The thickness of the Mauerlat depends on the design features of the roof being mounted. Most often, a bar is used for its manufacture, with a size of 150 x 150, 150 x 100 or 80 x 180 mm. It is also acceptable to use logs peeled from bark and cut on one side. Trimming is carried out in order to ensure maximum fit of the structure to the wall surface.

The moisture content of the wood used must comply with regulatory requirements. When using "raw" wood, it should be provided the ability to adjust the anchor nut once every five years. After the timber dries, the shrinkage of wet wood will occur less intensively, and therefore the nut will need to be tightened less often.

Prepared wood undergoes special treatment antiseptic composition to protect the structure from decay and insect damage as much as possible. Before laying, the log should be wrapped with a waterproofing material, for example, bitumen-polymer. It is better to refuse the use of roofing material.

If a metal frame is mounted, rolled metal is used to make the Mauerlat: a channel or an I-beam. It can be treated with anti-corrosion compounds.

Features of the Mauerlat installation

The Mauerlat must be laid in such a way that there is some distance left to the outer edge of the wall. As a rule, about 5 cm. Sometimes it is provided protrusion against which the structure to be mounted must abut. Subsequently, the roofing system will have to be attached to this structure.

To increase the service life of a structure made of wood, waterproofing is necessarily provided. For this, roofing material or any other waterproofing material is used.

Methods of fastening to aerated concrete wall

The preferred option is to install the element around the entire perimeter of the wall. To connect individual elements into a single whole, it is desirable to use straight lock, the dimensions of which directly depend on the geometric parameters of the timber used. For reliability, nails are additionally hammered into the lock to form a rigid integral system, to which the rafters are subsequently attached.

To fix the Mauerlat, you can use several methods:

• chemical;
• mechanical.

In the first case, it is used special fastening capsules. The chemical, having penetrated into the material, provides a secure fixation of the Mauerlat. This improves the condition of the top layer and increases the degree of heat and waterproofing. The capsules used for fastening are affordable.

For the manufacture of Mauerlat, it is necessary to use only high-quality materials. The wood should not have knots. The waterproofing layer must not be damaged, which is achieved by using a special tool.

For mechanical fastening, a certain procedure must be followed:

1. dowels are inserted into pre-prepared holes;
2. screwed fastener;
3. harpoon teeth are firmly pressed into aerated concrete;
4. expanded surface;
5. fastening done.

The Mauerlat must be fastened in such a way that neighboring links were not connected to each other. This improves the stability of the structure. However, mechanical fastening involves the creation of a bursting force, which can provoke some problems along the edge of the structure.

Fastening with anchor bolts and armored belt

For buildings constructed from gas blocks, the presence of an armored belt is mandatory, since this building material is not strong enough, which can cause certain difficulties when installing fasteners, especially anchor bolts. Therefore, the question of whether a Mauerlat is needed is not relevant in this situation: you simply cannot do without it.

Fasteners for the Mauerlat must be laid in advance. For the device of a reinforced belt, it is desirable to use U blocks, with which you can form a characteristic gutter around the entire perimeter of the outer wall. To eliminate the formation of gaps, the corner blocks are sawn through.

The reinforcement cage is assembled using 12 mm reinforcement, which is tied with 6 mm jumpers. Threaded anchors are attached to the frame laid inside the gutter. They must take a certain spatial position, which is controlled by a stretched fishing line or cord. Anchors are placed at right angles to the Mauerlat as close as possible to the top beam.

Attachment points should be located around the entire perimeter of the wall. Their number directly depends on the number of rafters: at least there should be the same number or more. Fasteners must be positioned in such a way as to avoid contact with the rafters in the future. In order to reduce financial costs it is possible to fill not a solid armored belt around the entire perimeter of the wall, but only individual concrete pillows.

After the reinforcing cage, together with anchor bolts, is laid in a pre-formed chute, concrete is poured. To form a monolithic structure, the pouring process cannot be interrupted. Work must be carried out continuously along the outer wall. The gutter must be filled with concrete in one pass.

After the concrete has completely dried, the anchors will be securely fixed in a given spatial position. At the same time, very it is important to ensure their precise positioning during the curing of the mortar.

As soon as the concrete gains the necessary strength, the beams are laid on the concrete belt and anchors, which should be inside the holes previously drilled in the tree. Then the nuts are tightened to fasten the bars.

To determine the location of the holes in the beam, it is first laid on top of the bolts, and then rendered force impact, sufficient for the appearance of dents on the wood. In these places holes drilled for anchors.

| Reinforcing | How to fix the Mauerlat to aerated concrete without an armored belt?

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There are conflicting statements on the websites of manufacturers regarding the need for an armored belt during the construction of a building from aerated concrete blocks. Someone claims that they are quite capable of withstanding the expected load. Others, on the contrary, offer to play it safe.

However, all manufacturers and builders are confident that porous materials react negatively to point loading. Therefore, it must be evenly distributed. If for some reason the armo-belt device is not possible, it is necessary to use a Mauerlat.

This will extend the life of the building.

Mauerlat is most often made from the same material as the rafters - metal (channel, I-beam) or wood (beam)

What is Mauerlat

This is a special design that is used to evenly distribute the weight of the roof over the walls. As a rule, it is made of wooden beams. It is to the Mauerlat that the rafters are attached to make the roof stable. The durability and reliability of the entire structure depends on the quality of installation.

Mauerlat can be metal, but only if steel rafters are used. However, such designs are rare, since the cost of the structure increases significantly. In addition, it is much more difficult to fasten steel parts than wooden ones.

Mauerlat functions:

• even distribution of the weight of the roof along the walls;
• reliable fixation of the truss system;
• protection and prevention of point load on aerated concrete blocks.

The minimum size of the beam used as a Mauerlat should be 10 * 10 cm. However, in order to ensure a better adhesion quality, it is advisable to take a material with a larger cross section. It is also permissible to use a log, but it is necessary to chop off the side that will be adjacent to the aerated concrete.

The rafter legs at the points of support transfer the load to the Mauerlat, which, transforming and distributing it, transfers it to the walls

Hardwood timber performs these functions best. In order for it to last longer, it must be treated with antiseptics and impregnations that prevent decay and damage by insects. The bars should completely and evenly cover the walls.

Between themselves they are fastened with nails or a direct lock. Due to the fact that the cross section of the wooden material is less than the width of the gas block, the Mauerlat is placed along the inside of the walls. The distance to the outer edge must be at least 5 cm.

It is also acceptable to lay bricks on the outside of the building.

There must be a waterproofing layer between the aerated concrete wall and the wooden Mauerlat.

Mauerlat mounting methods

Mauerlat can be attached directly to aerated concrete or using an armored belt. There are such ways to connect a wooden beam to a wall:

• using steel wire;
• using anchors;
• hairpins.

When using any of the listed methods, it is necessary to ensure that the fastening is of high quality and reliable. Also, during installation, structural shifts should be avoided.

How to fix the power plate with steel wire

Steel wire is able to securely fix the Mauerlat. It is woven into the masonry several rows to the top of the wall. Enough 2-4 blocks in height.

The middle of the wire must be fixed, and its length must be enough not only to the top of the wall, but also in order to attract and fix the Mauerlat. The number of links is not limited.

But usually there are as many of them as there are rafter legs.

Anchoring

In this case, it is advisable to use an armored belt. Anchors allow you to securely fix the rafters, but create a point load, which is extremely undesirable for aerated concrete blocks.

Under its influence, the porous material is rapidly destroyed. Armopoyas allows not only to protect the blocks from point load, but also to increase the rigidity and strength of the entire structure.

Also, by pouring concrete, you can align the top of the walls horizontally. This will subsequently facilitate the installation of rafters.

Anchors are installed at the pouring stage. They are fixed in the gutter, which will be filled with concrete using wire. Make sure the anchors are straight.

To do this, you can additionally pull the cords. Anchors should be strictly vertical. The number of fastening units is not regulated, but their number must be no less than the number of rafters.

When the concrete hardens, they will literally be walled up in it.

Fasteners increase the bearing characteristics and enhance the strength of the nodes, eliminate the displacement of the rafters under high loads

Bars are laid on the finished armored belt with bolts. They knock on wooden material with a hammer or mallet. Dents from anchors are formed on the beam. In these places it is necessary to drill holes. It is necessary to ensure that they are even and do not deviate from the vertical. Then the beam is laid on concrete so that the anchors fall into the drilled holes, and secured with nuts and washers.

Small concrete pillows can replace a full-fledged armored belt. They are installed in the places where the Mauerlat is attached to the wall. They also distribute the load more evenly and prevent the destruction of gas blocks.

Attention! Between the reinforced concrete tape and the wooden beam, it is desirable to lay a layer of waterproofing. You can use both special mastics and simple roofing material.

With metal pins

Mounting the Mauerlat on metal studs can be done in 2 ways: by walling them up with a wall or by pouring concrete into the armored belt. In order not to be mistaken with the deepening of fasteners, you can use the following rule: it is inserted into the frame to a depth of 2 Mauerlats. If a beam of 10 * 10 cm is used, the hairpin should go 20 cm into the wall or armored belt.

Fasteners are mounted in the wall 1-2 rows before the end of the walls. It should be borne in mind that the length of the stud should be enough not only for blocks, but also for Mauerlat. There should also be a small margin for tightening the nuts with washers.

In the latter case, the whole procedure is similar to installing anchors, only instead of bolts - studs.

In some cases, when building buildings from aerated concrete, you can not use the armored belt, but then it is necessary to equip the Mauerlat. Otherwise, the blocks will not withstand the point load and will quickly collapse.

Source: //pobetony.ru/armirovanie/gazobeton-bez-armopoyasa/

When arranging a pitched roof, the installation of the truss system cannot be performed directly on the walls of the building. An additional element that receives loads from the rafters and transfers them to the walls will be the Mauerlat. Usually this is a special beam that is laid along the perimeter of the walls.

Since it takes a serious load from the roof, it is very important to securely fix the Mauerlat on the wall. In the case of brick or concrete walls, everything is simple and clear.

But how is the Mauerlat fastened to aerated concrete without an armored belt, because the gas block itself is rather loose and porous, therefore it cannot provide a strong fixation of the fastener? This is what we will talk about in our article.

An additional element that receives loads from the rafters and transfers them to the walls will be the Mauerlat

Usually, the same material is used for the manufacture of the Mauerlat as for the truss system. Most often it is made from a wooden beam. However, if the truss system is made of metal, then this structural part can be made of a channel or an I-beam.

Usually this element is made of the following materials:

• Wooden beam with a section of 100x100 mm, 150x150 mm or 200x300 mm. The beam is made of hardwood and undergoes mandatory antiseptic treatment. The product is laid around the perimeter on the walls of the structure. Joints are fixed with nails or a direct lock. In private construction, a wooden roof structure is most often used.
• Less commonly, rolled profiles are used for these purposes - a channel with a U-shaped section or an I-beam with an H-shaped section. The height of the profile is determined by calculation and can be in the range of 70-120 mm.

A bar or steel beam is attached to the walls. In this case, different methods of fastening can be used. Further, the rafter legs rest on the Mauerlat. They exert a load on this element, which, in turn, evenly distributing it, transfers it to the walls of the building. In addition, this beam keeps the truss system from moving.

Important: since aerated concrete does not tolerate long-term point loads, gradually collapsing, it is recommended to erect a monolithic reinforced belt on top of the walls before laying the Mauerlat.

However, there are ways to lay this structural element on aerated concrete walls without an armored belt. It is also worth remembering that the upper edge of the Mauerlat should be located at a height of at least 30-50 cm from the floor surface. This will ensure effective ventilation of the under-roof space, as well as facilitate inspection and repair of roof structures.

Mounting methods

Mounting a Mauerlat to aerated concrete is much more difficult than to a brick wall.

Mounting a Mauerlat to aerated concrete is much more difficult than to a brick wall. As a rule, this product is laid at a distance of 50 mm from the outer edge of the wall. The following fasteners can be used to fasten the Mauerlat:

• steel wire;
• anchor fasteners built into the masonry;
• special chemical anchors;
• steel pins.

Important: anchors are used to attach the support beam to the reinforced belt or brick walls.

After installing the timber, the rafter leg is attracted to the wall with the help of a twist made of twisted metal wire with a diameter of 3 mm. To fix the wire below the timber, a steel shorty is mounted 6 cm.

Instead, the wire can be fixed to the floor slabs.

To bind the individual parts of the Mauerlat into a single structure, an oblique cut is used, followed by fastening with nails, screws or bolts. Steel plates and staples are used to reinforce the corner parts of the structure.

Using wire to fasten the beam

If wire is used to fasten the Mauerlat, then this must be taken care of even at the stage of laying the walls

If wire is used to fasten the Mauerlat, then this must be taken care of even at the stage of laying the walls. The wire must be laid in the tub of walls when performing the last few rows. At the same time, the following sequence of actions is followed:

1. During the laying of aerated concrete blocks, two or three rows before the end of the laying of the walls, a steel wire with a cross section of 6 mm is laid between the elements, which consists of several thinner wires twisted together.
2. At the same time, the middle part of the fastener is inserted into the masonry. Its ends should protrude from the walls. The length of these ends should be such that the wire can be freely wrapped around the timber to be laid.
3. The number of wires used should be equal to the number of rafters installed.

Fixation with pins

Mounting the Mauerlat to the wall of aerated concrete with studs is allowed when installing light roofs on small houses

Mounting the Mauerlat to the wall of aerated concrete with studs is allowed when installing light roofs on small houses. The materials used to form the roofing pie should be as light as possible and not transfer significant loads to the rest of the structural parts of the building.

This technique is the best suited in the case when it is not possible to equip the armored belt. In such a situation, the timber itself will act as a reinforcing belt. This method causes rather controversial reviews of experts, but in practice it has proven itself very well, providing high reliability and stability of the roof.

To fix the beam to aerated concrete, you will need the following elements:

• studs marking SRT-12, called "dovetail";
• wooden beam with a section of 20x30 cm (the dimensions of this element depend on the thickness of the outer walls).

We perform the work in the following order:

1. We drill holes in the walls of the gas block in increments of 100-150 cm.
2. We insert the studs into the holes and fix them with cement milk or a non-shrinking mortar.
3. Next, you need to perform waterproofing. To do this, two layers of roofing material are laid on the walls. At the location of the studs in the material, holes must be pierced to ensure its snug fit to the walls. Waterproofing will protect the wooden beam from saturation with moisture and subsequent rot, which can come from the walls.
4. With the same step as the studs were installed, holes of a diameter suitable for the studs are drilled in the Mauerlat.
5. Then the beam is mounted on the studs on top of the waterproofing, washers are installed and tightened with nuts.
6. After mounting the beam, the ends, in which individual fragments of the beam are joined, are pulled together with forged steel brackets.
7. Now you can proceed with the installation of the truss system.

If the studs are mounted in the armored belt, then we work as follows:

1. Before the start of pouring the armored belt, studs are placed in it with a step of no more than 100 cm.
2. They are fastened with a knitting wire to the reinforcing cage of the belt. Plastic ties can be used instead of wire to fix the studs.
3. The accuracy of the installation of the studs horizontally and vertically is checked.
4. Concrete is poured into the formwork of the armored belt.
5. After it hardens, the prepared beam is put on with holes on the protruding ends of the studs and is attracted to the surface with nuts.

chemical anchor

This product is also called liquid dowel, injection mass or glued anchor.

This product is also called liquid dowel, injection mass or glued anchor. In fact, it is an adhesive with high bonding characteristics, which is made on the basis of synthetic polymer resin. Thanks to the chemical anchor, it is possible to firmly fasten the metal rod and the base.

Important: unlike other fasteners, the liquid dowel does not create expansion stress in the material, which is especially dangerous for fragile aerated concrete at the edges of the walls.

Unlike mechanical anchors, the fixation of which is based on the use of friction forces and expansion of the dowel made of polymers, the chemical anchor is fixed due to the fact that the adhesive penetrates into the pores of aerated concrete to a considerable depth and firmly fixes the rod in the wall.

Installation of a chemical anchor is carried out in the following sequence:

1. First, a hole is drilled along the anchor. However, its size should be slightly larger than for a conventional anchor bolt.
2. Using a special brush or compressed air, dust, debris and metal crumbs are removed from the channel.
3. A special chemical adhesive is poured into the hole prepared in the wall.
4. After that, a steel rod is inserted there - a threaded stud M 12-14. Also for these purposes, you can take a piece of reinforcement of a suitable diameter.
5. The adhesive composition gains the required strength in 20 minutes, provided that the ambient temperature is approximately 20°C.
6. After the chemical composition hardens, the rod is securely fixed in the wall. Moreover, the fastening strength is much higher than that of the mechanical method.

Advantages of using a liquid dowel:

• The service life of such fasteners is more than 50 years.
• This method of fixation can be used on the edge of the walls, without fear that it may crack.
• Fasteners have a fairly high chemical resistance.
• Fastening is allowed to be carried out on wet material, that is, installation can be carried out even in rainy weather.
• Work on the installation of the Mauerlat and the arrangement of the roof can be carried out without the use of a reinforced belt, since the chemical anchor is much more firmly fixed in a fragile material than a mechanical dowel.
• This method is ideal for working with aerated concrete.
• The depth of the hole may be less than when installing a mechanical anchor, which must be deepened by 2-3 rows of masonry.

The only drawback of this method of fixation is that it is impossible to perform welding work with a rod attached to a liquid dowel, since the polymer material is destroyed by heating, and the fixation strength decreases.

Mechanical anchor (anchor bolt)

This is a fairly common way to fix the timber to the walls.

This is a fairly common way to fix the timber to the walls. The anchor bolt consists of the following parts:

• external spacer;
• internal threaded rod.

Fixation occurs due to the fact that at the moment of screwing the nut onto the rod, the spacer structure is deformed in such a way that it securely fixes the product in the hole drilled in the wall.

Work on the installation of a mechanical anchor is performed in the following order:

1. A prepared beam is laid along the perimeter of the walls.
2. Further, holes are drilled along the entire length of this product for installing anchor bolts. The spacing of the holes is 1 m. It is important to try that the installation sites of the anchors must fall on the corners of the building and the junction of the two ends of the timber.
3. After that, with the help of a drill, holes are drilled in the walls through the holes prepared in the Mauerlat to a depth equal to the length of the anchor. In this case, it is not allowed to make the depth of the anchor less than 2 or even 3 rows of masonry.
4. An anchor bolt is installed in the hole. For these purposes, it is better to take products with a length of at least 50 cm with a thread M 12 or 14.
5. After that, the washer is put on and the nut is screwed tightly. As a result, the steel or plastic dowel is unclenched so that it is firmly pressed into the material and fixes the bolt in the wall.

Source: //KakPostroitDomic.ru/stroitelstvo/bloki/kreplenie-mauerlata-k-gazobetonu.html

We fasten the Mauerlat to the gas blocks with and without an armored belt

Mauerlat is a part of the roof of any structure, which is a beam that is laid on top of the outer wall around the entire perimeter.

Its purpose is to evenly distribute the load from the roofing system to the entire surface of the load-bearing walls. It can be made from wood or metal. In the case of using a metal Mauerlat, finished products are taken: an I-beam, a channel, a corner.

To perform its function, the Mauerlat must be securely fastened. There are two ways: fastening the Mauerlat to aerated concrete without an armored belt and with an armored belt.

Mauerlat mount with armored belt

Using aerated concrete as the main material for laying walls, it must be understood that it will not be able to withstand the load of the truss system and roofing, so the creation of an armored belt is mandatory.

Purpose and dimensions of the armored belt

Armopoyas - a closed structure made of reinforced concrete, passing along the perimeter of the structure. The purpose of the armored belt:

• prevention of deformation of load-bearing walls;
• giving additional rigidity to the structure of aerated concrete;
• uniform load distribution on the surface of the walls.

Armopoyas is essentially the foundation for the roofing system. The dimensions of the armored belt depend on the width of the walls; for aerated concrete, the width of the armored belt is approximately 25 cm, while the extreme row is laid out in U-shaped blocks, which will later play the role of formwork for pouring concrete mortar.

Important! Armoyas must be a continuous monolithic structure!

Prepared formwork before concreting

Armo-belt device technology:

1. Construction of formwork around the perimeter of the building.
2. Creation of an armored belt from concrete blocks.
3. Reinforcement frame assembly.
4. Installation of studs for fastening.
5. Pouring concrete blocks.
6. Removing the formwork after the concrete has set.

After the armo-belt is ready, and the formwork is removed, you can proceed directly to fixing the Mauerlat.

How to fix the Mauerlat to aerated concrete

Its resistance to external influences, service life, noise and waterproofing characteristics and strength depend on its proper fastening to the load-bearing walls and the truss system of the building.

Mauerlat must be made of the same material as the truss system. If metal structures are used, then metal beams, channels, corners are used as Mauerlat. For a wooden truss system, the Mauerlat will be made of wooden beams. The cross section of the beams depends on the calculated load, the type of roof and the diameter of the rafter beams.

Before installing a wooden Mauerlat on aerated concrete blocks, it is necessary to treat the wooden beams with an antiseptic solution that protects the wood from insects and decay.

It is also advisable to wrap the bars with a layer of waterproofing material. To do this, you can use hydroisol, elastoizol, hydrostekloizol, glass mast.

These materials will not weigh down the structure and will create a layer of additional moisture insulation.

Mauerlat is attached to aerated concrete walls using anchors, studs or metal wire. When laying the beams, it is necessary to connect them at the joints with metal brackets.

Mounting scheme with studs (right) and brackets (left)

Next, you need to fasten the rafters to the Mauerlat. The connection occurs by cutting, tie-in, washed down, but it should occupy no more than 25% of the timber. Fastening is carried out using self-tapping screws, bolts, corners, metal plates and mounting foam.

The main methods of fastening, starting with the more preferred:

• Stud fastening. This type of fastening can be used in the construction of both simple one-story buildings and auxiliary structures: baths, summer kitchens, garages, outbuildings, small country houses. This method of fastening with studs is preferred for most buildings.
• Fastening with chemical anchors. The beams are attached to aerated concrete with a special chemical adhesive: “liquid dowel”, glued anchor, etc. The composition is based on polymers and contains adhesives in the form of synthetic resins. A hole is made in the aerated concrete wall as for a conventional anchor, which is filled with adhesive, then a rod (reinforcement) is inserted into the prepared hole, on which a Mauerlat is then installed. The strength of this design is quite high, however, with a large Mauerlat perimeter, this method will be expensive.
• Fastening with steel wire. This method can be used if, even at the stage of laying the walls, a metal wire was inserted between the aerated concrete blocks. Holes are made in the Mauerlat where the wire is inserted and the strapping is made. It is very important that the number of wire harnesses is not less than the number of supported rafters.

Mauerlat fastening to aerated concrete wall without armored belt

In accordance with SNiP, fastening without a preliminary armored belt is allowed only in exceptional cases. Aerated concrete is not a strong enough material, and will not withstand a spacer snow load, as well as a dynamic wind load, so an armored belt is required!

//www..com/watch?v=x0BuKSN3LiE

In some cases, fastening a Mauerlat to walls made of aerated concrete blocks is possible without an armored belt. This greatly reduces the cost and speeds up construction. However, this is possible under the following conditions:

• as a basis, a light wooden beam with a cross section of not more than 20 cm is used;
• the timber will be reinforced with metal elements: locks, nails, metal profiles;
• snow and wind loads in your area are negligible;
• the design of the truss system eliminates spacer loads.

Mauerlat is located at a distance of 0.5–1 cm from the outer edge of the load-bearing wall, and studs, chemical anchors or steel wire are used to fix it on aerated concrete.

Source: //KameDom.ru/gazobeton/kreplenie-mauerlata-bez-armopoyasa.html

Methods for attaching a Mauerlat to aerated concrete without an armored belt

Mauerlat is a structural element, an intermediate link between the walls and the roof, connecting them together. It takes on a high functional load. If it is planned to build a house from gas blocks, the question of how to fix the Mauerlat in the most practical and reliable way becomes relevant.

Mauerlat is most often made from the same material as the rafters., - metal (channel, I-beam) or wood (beam). The link is firmly fixed on the walls of the object, rafters and the entire roof are attached to it, linking the system into a single whole.

The rafter legs at the points of support transfer the load to the Mauerlat, which, transforming and distributing it, transfers it to the walls.

However, aerated concrete, as a fragile material, is not able to withstand high point loads and gradually collapses.

How to choose material?

Works can be implemented with the participation of the following materials:

• wooden beam 15x15, 10x10, 20x30 cm, hardwood, antiseptic. The beam is evenly laid along the perimeter of the building, fixed at the joints with a direct lock and large nails;
• channel - a metal profile with a U-shaped section, with a corrosion-resistant coating. I-beam - a standard profile with an n-shaped section.

In private housing construction, a wooden beam is the main material used to work on a Mauerlat

Calculation of parameters

The construction of the roof begins with the calculation of the Mauerlat, so the master must correctly calculate its dimensions.

Factors to be taken into account:

• the length of the perimeter and the area of ​​the object;
• roof type;
• roofing material, rafters;
• climate conditions;
• the presence of an attic.

Type of roof structure:

• flat;
• classic with 1-4 slopes;
• spherical;
• cruciform;
• tent;
• spire-shaped;
• folded.

Most often, a standard gable roof is erected. Therefore, it is advisable to present a calculation for this type of roof. Initially, you should measure the perimeter of the building and the length of the Mauerlat. The measurement is carried out along the top of the beam.

We calculate the volume of the Mauerlat:

• V = L*S, where S is the section of the beam, L is the perimeter of the object;
• M = R * V, where V is the previously calculated volume, R is the density of the material, M is the mass of the beam.

Working methods

The solution to the problem can be the use of the following methods:

• steel wire;
• anchors embedded in the wall structure;
• chemical anchors;
• metal pins.

Chemical anchor for aerated concrete

Liquid dowel, anchor, glued anchor, injection compound are all highly adhesive compounds based on synthetic polymer resin.

The base firmly connects the base and the metal rod.

Unlike mechanical counterparts, the chemical anchor does not become a source of expansion stress, which is effective when working in areas near the edge of the structure.

In small houses, the Mauerlat can be connected with an oblique cut with fixation with nails, bolts or screws. The corners of the structure are reinforced with plates and brackets. Anchored to the wall provided

Anchors, which are considered mechanical, are fixed due to the work of the friction forces of the base and the expandable polymer dowel. In the chemical the synthetic mass penetrates deeply into the pores of the material and very firmly connects the aerated concrete and the rod.

Sequencing:

• the prepared hole is filled with a chemical composition;
• a metal rod is inserted (you can use trimmings of reinforcement);
• after solidification of the mass, the fixation strength is higher than that of the mechanical method.

The service life of such fasteners is more than 50 years.. This is a durable element that is successfully used near the edges of the structure, without the risk of chipping off part of it. However, with a rod fixed by the chemical composition, it is not recommended to carry out welding work - the polymer will collapse under the action of high temperatures and lose its strength characteristics.

Chemical anchors for aerated concrete make it possible to carry out work without an armored belt, since it holds much stronger in fragile materials than mechanical counterparts. Fasteners are almost indispensable when working with aerated concrete. For anchors, more holes should be made, at least 2-3 masonry layers deep.

The use of studs when attaching a Mauerlat to aerated concrete without an armored belt

Stud fixing is suitable for light roofs and small houses where no significant stress is expected.

Sometimes the method is implemented in exceptional cases, when it is impossible to build a reinforced belt and the mauerlat itself from a bar implements all the functions of an armored belt.

Such a system causes ambiguous assessments of specialists, however, in world practice there was not a single case that the roof lost its stability.

For fixing you will need:

• dovetail studs CPT 12;
• timber 200x300 (actual parameters depend on the thickness of the wall).

Work technology:

• with a step of 1-1.5 m, a gas block is drilled;
• the hairpin is inserted and sealed with a non-shrinking mortar or cement milk;
• waterproofing is put on under the timber and on the studs, for which roofing material is successfully used, it cuts off aerated concrete well from wood;
• a Mauerlat is placed over the waterproofing and the washers are tightened with nuts through the thread;
• when the beam is mounted at the junction, it is pulled together with forged brackets;
• rafters are installed on top of the system.

Very often, the owner has already installed gables, at that moment he wants to implement this stage of work. It is recommended to remove the gables and lay the Mauerlat along the perimeter of the wall. Then you should cut (sawing) the rafters in order to transfer the thrust from the leg to the timber. Such a connection is considered one of the most reliable.

The Mauerlat is fastened to the armored belt using anchors. Similarly, the fastening of the Mauerlat to a brick wall is implemented.

The rafter is pulled by twisting to a wall made of 3 mm steel wire.

To do this, a steel shorty is inserted in a section 600 mm below the Mauerlat or they work on floor slabs. When designing a complex roof, it is recommended to build an armored belt.

Aerated concrete and fastening the Mauerlat with wire

The beginning of work is carried out at the stage of laying the walls. The wire is embedded in the structure shortly before the completion of its construction.

Sequencing:

• when laying wall structures, 2-3 rows to the top, steel wire is threaded between the gas blocks, crowded in several layers;
• the ends of the wire should be released outside, in the middle they should be laid under aerated concrete;
• the length is chosen so that the ends pass freely through the timber and can be twisted;
• the number of elements is selected according to the number of rafters.

Fastening rafters to Mauerlat

As noted above, rafters can be fixed using various types of cuts. Additional elements are truss metal fasteners.

Fasteners that are used for this type of work:

• corners;
• wire ties;
• brackets WB;
• plates;
• corners of the KR;
• self-tapping screws;
• fasteners LK;
• mounting perforated tape TM;
• nails;
• studs, bolts complete with washers and nuts.

brackets

The technique does not imply the arrangement of cutting, since there is no weakening of the structure. Brackets are made on the basis of steel with a zinc anti-corrosion coating.. Fixation is realized with the help of anchor bolts, self-tapping screws, nails. The use of LK fasteners allows you to connect all elements of the system, without the use of anchors.

If a wet beam is used for Mauerlat, it will inevitably shrink. Fasteners should be tightened once a year for five years

KR corner and modifications

Fasteners increase the bearing characteristics and enhance the strength of the nodes, eliminate the displacement of the rafters under high loads. The corner is mounted with nails with special protrusions or self-tapping screws.

Mounting metal tape

Perforated tape reinforces the joints without weakening the supporting structures, because it does not violate their integrity. For installation, nails and screws are used.

Fastening the mauerlat to aerated concrete without an armored belt can provide a secure fit, fixing the roof on the house and even distribution of point loads. However, when working with piece materials, such as foam block, brick, gas block, it is recommended to build an armored belt, especially if it is planned to build a large house with a complex roof.

Mounting the Mauerlat to aerated concrete without an armored belt is shown in the video:

Anyone who was interested in building a private house, or even more so erected such structures himself, knows what a Mauerlat is and how important its proper fastening is for the entire structure as a whole. For those who are not yet familiar with the construction business, let us explain that the mauerlat is a special wooden structure, the purpose of which is to take the main load from the roof and distribute it evenly along the walls of the house. It is to him that the legs of the rafters are attached, and they ensure the structural stability of the entire roof.

Reliable and competent fastening of the Mauerlat to the walls is a responsible operation, since not only the strength of the entire roof, but also its durability depends on its accuracy. In fact, the Mauerlat can even be in the form of an I-beam steel beam or channel, if the rafters on the roof are also a metal system, but such cases, especially in private construction, are extremely rare.

The reliability of fastening to aerated concrete directly depends on the accuracy of all preliminary calculations and installation techniques. The minimum section of a wooden beam or log is 10x10 cm, but more is better. If it is planned to use a log as a Mauerlat, then it must be cut off on one side so precisely that it fits snugly against the upper edge of the aerated concrete wall.

Selection of material and calculation of parameters

It has two main functions:

1. Uniform distribution of the load from the roof to all load-bearing walls of the house.
2. Fastening the roof structure to the structure box.

The basis is a wooden beam measuring from 10x10 to 15x15 cm.

As a basis, a wooden bar is taken in size, as mentioned above, from 10x10 to 15x15 cm. It is best to take a bar made of hardwood, which must first undergo antiseptic treatment. All bars should evenly cover the entire top of the walls, and a straight lock is used to securely fasten them together. In this case, it is better to strengthen the lock further by driving in nails for fastening.

As a result, you will get a single rigid system, when the bars are securely fastened to two adjacent ones and form a reliable support for future rafters. The bars are always slightly narrower than the laying of gas blocks, so they need to be moved to the inner edge so that there is a free space between the bar and the outer edge of the wall of at least 5 cm wide. In some cases, a row of bricks is laid along the outer edge, into which the sidewalls of the Mauerlat will abut.

Remember that before moving on to aerated concrete, it will be necessary to lay high-quality waterproofing between the tree and the wall.

Varieties of mounting Mauerlat

In total, there are several ways to fasten the Mauerlat to aerated concrete. Due to the fact that this fastener must be as strong as possible and not allow even the slightest structural shifts, modern construction technology uses several highly reliable types of fixing these elements to each other. This mount using:

• reliable steel wire;
• anchors embedded in the reinforced belt;
• metal studs protruding from the reinforced concrete belt.

Consider these types of fastening to aerated concrete in more detail.

Fastening with steel wire

Fastening the Mauerlat with wire: 1 - Screed, 2 - Mauerlat, 3 - Waterproofing, 4 - Rafter, 5 - Wire, 6 - Fasteners.

Even when laying the walls, two or three rows before its top, a steel wire is inserted between the bricks in such a way that its middle is fixed with bricks.

Both ends should be of such length that they are enough to securely fasten the timber to the wall. To do this, the wire must pass through the hole in the Mauerlat and be securely tightened.

The number of such ligaments is not regulated, but it is better to equate their number to the number of legs of the rafters.

Fastening with anchor bolts

For better fastening of the Mauerlat, experienced builders advise building a reinforced belt. In addition to the fact that with such a concrete belt, fastening to the timber will be convenient and reliable, the armored belt also increases the strength of the entire box as a whole, making it more rigid. In addition, the reinforced belt allows you to perfectly align the upper boundary of the walls horizontally, which is extremely important for ensuring both strength and reliability.

If the walls of the house are built of aerated concrete, then fastening the Mauerlat is impossible without an armored belt, since aerated concrete itself is too soft a material to ensure reliable fixation of anchor bolts, studs or other fasteners.

It is best to build a reinforced belt with the help of special U-shaped blocks, which are laid out along the upper edge of the walls in such a way that a single and continuous gutter line is formed. At the corners, blocks with sawn sidewalls are used so that the gutter line is not interrupted. It is in this gutter that reinforcement of 12 and 6 mm (transverse) rods is installed. After installing the reinforcing cage, the gutter is poured with a concrete mixture, while doing this continuously and in one go.

But even before pouring concrete, threaded anchors are installed in the gutter of the reinforced belt. They are fastened with a knitting wire. Their fastenings should be as even as possible; for this, a stretched cord or fishing line is used. Anchors should be as close as possible to the upper surface of the concrete and to the beam, respectively, while standing as perpendicular as possible to the Mauerlat line.

The number of fasteners is not regulated, but their number should be no less than the number of rafters, while you need to place them so that they are not covered by them, so try to mark the attachment points as accurately as possible.

After the concrete mortar has hardened, the anchors are securely fixed in its thickness. Such a mount is the most reliable of all conceivable options.

After the final drying, the bars are laid on the concrete belt and anchors in such a way that the anchors penetrate into the holes previously drilled in the tree. After that, fastening occurs by tightening the nuts with washers.

To accurately calculate the places for the future hole for the anchor bolts, you need to lay the beam on top of the bolts, and then hit several times with a mallet or its equivalent from above. Dents will appear in the wood from contact with the bolts, and this is where the holes need to be drilled.

Sometimes, to save money, they do not make a continuous concrete belt along the entire length of the wall, but separate concrete pillows. That is, they make an analogue of holes in brickwork, where reinforcement is laid and concrete is poured using the same technology as the belt. There it is also necessary to attach anchor sockets to the reinforcing bars.

Fastening with metal studs

If you have a small house and the pressure on it from the side of the roof is not supposed to be too large, then you can use a lighter mounting option to fasten the walls with the Mauerlat beam - studs embedded in the wall. These studs are steel fasteners in the form of bolts with a transverse branch or base in the form of a square with sides from 5 cm.

Even at the stage of erecting brickwork, these studs are embedded in the wall, they are installed one or two rows before the end of construction. The free length of the studs must be sufficient to pass through the timber or secure the locknuts.

Further technology resembles fixation with anchor bolts. Places for drilling holes are also marked, bars are installed and nuts are tightened.

The importance of waterproofing during installation

After choosing one of the proposed mounting options, make an accurate calculation of the fasteners you need and their future location. In addition, one important event must be carried out.

This provides good waterproofing.

Several layers of suitable waterproofing must be laid between the wall and the timber timber.

It can be either a simple roofing felt or polyethylene, or expensive modern materials. The need for such insulation is extremely important, since without it, moisture will accumulate at the point of contact, which can destroy the entire structure of wood in the shortest possible time. Only after laying the selected insulation can the installation of the Mauerlat be continued.

People who are uninitiated in the nuances of the capital construction of a roof are hardly aware of what a Mauerlat is for, what kind of design it is. And the question of how to make a Mauerlat on aerated concrete causes a complete misunderstanding. In fact, it is simply attached. The main thing is to prepare all the components: reinforcing cage, fasteners, timber beams and competently perform waterproofing and wood processing.

Mauerlat - description in detail

This design is made of wood beams. It performs the function of additional support for the load from the roof, with further uniform distribution along the entire perimeter of the walls.

To summarize all of the above, we come to the conclusion that the Mauerlat is responsible for two important tasks:

• uniform distribution of the gravity of the rafters on the walls;
• fixing the rafters to the building box;

Mauerlat can be made not only from wooden beams, but also from a metal channel or beams.

In this embodiment, the truss system also needs to be made of steel. But this option is used extremely rarely due to the high cost of the material and the difficulties in installation.

Materials and calculations

The strength and reliability of the roof depends on how securely the Mauerlat is attached to aerated concrete. Therefore, everything must be calculated correctly. The minimum cross-sectional dimensions of wooden beams should be at least 10 × 10 cm. experienced craftsmen and designers recommend using higher rates.

Using wood logs for Mauerlat, one side must be hewn. This is necessary for a snug fit to the surface of the upper aerated concrete wall.

As for the type of wood, it is better to choose hardwood. Before installation, be sure to treat with an antiseptic. Arrange the bars so that they evenly cover the entire upper part of the walls. Fasten adjacent parts with a direct lock, reinforce with nails.

The width of wooden beams is less than that of gas blocks, so they must be installed by shifting towards the inner edge, not reaching the end of centimeters by 5.

Ultimately, a one-piece structure with high rigidity and a reliable support for the truss structure should be formed.

Preparation of wooden beams before installation

As already mentioned, the bars should be treated with antiseptics before installing the Mauerlat on aerated concrete. They will prevent the putrefactive processes of wood. Take logs with a section of 100 by 100 mm, but it is better to choose more durable 150 by 150 mm. Wrap them with a waterproofing material, for example, bitumen-polymer. Ruberoid is not used for these purposes.

Only high-quality materials can create a solid structure; there should be no knots in the logs. The moisture content of wood deserves special attention - it must meet the standard indicators. If wet material is used (meaning the bars), then the anchor nut must be adjusted.

Nut tightening should be performed once a year for 5 years. This is necessary because in the first few years the wood is subject to intense shrinkage. And as the material dries, the nut must be tightened all the time. After 5 years, this procedure will have to be done less and less. The Mauerlat is fastened with special anchors with a nut and washer. They must have an L- or T-shape with a thread size of M12 or M14.

According to European and international standards, the distance between two adjacent anchors should be no less and no more than 1-1.2 meters. This is especially true for seismic regions.

Mauerlat fastening to gas blocks without armo-belt and with it

To accomplish this task, you need to make sure that the Mauerlat is correctly installed and not securely fastened. There are two fastening technologies that developers use: with or without a reinforced belt.

The method of fastening the structure with the presence of an armored belt

When choosing aerated concrete for the construction of walls, you need to understand that the box of the house from it will not cope with the weight of the roof placed on it. The erection of a reinforced belt will help her cope with this problem.

Armo-belt dimensions and its purpose

An armored belt is a reinforced concrete closed structure that envelops the building perimetrically (that is, around the entire building). Tasks assigned to it:

• protection against wall deformation;
• additional rigidity of the aerated concrete building;
• adjustment of the load on all surfaces of the walls evenly.

An armored belt is a kind of foundation designed for the roof of a building. Its dimensions are selected in accordance with the width of the walls and are approximately 25 cm. The extreme row should be laid out in blocks like the English letter U. They will subsequently perform the task of formwork when pouring concrete.

It is extremely important that the Armo-belt be produced as a continuous monolithic construction.

Armo-belt installation

The step-by-step technology for the production of an armored belt is as follows:

1. First, formwork should be built around the perimeter of the house.
2. Next, an armored belt is made from monolithic blocks.
3. Then the frame is assembled from reinforcing bars.
4. Mounting pins are installed.
5. Now everything needs to be filled with concrete.
6. When it hardens, the formwork must be removed.

After the completion of the construction of the armored belt and the removal of the formwork, it will be possible to proceed with the installation of the Mauerlat.

How to properly install and fix the Mauerlat

This element and the truss system must consist of the same materials.

Before you install a Mauerlat on aerated concrete, you must not forget to treat it with antiseptic substances. Then wrap with a layer of waterproofing material such as: hydroisol, glass-mastelastoizol.

Mauerlat is fixed to the wall structure with studs, iron wire or anchors. If it is made of wood, then it can be fixed with special metal brackets.

After that, it will be necessary to fasten the Mauerlat rafter. The connection is carried out by the method of inserting, cutting or washing down no more than 25% of the thickness. It is fixed with bolts, self-tapping screws, special corners, steel plates.

The construction of a reinforced concrete armored belt will be able to prevent unwanted punching in aerated concrete blocks. It will contribute to the uniform distribution of gravity on the box of the house and the influence of dynamic and static forces pressing on the walls.

Installation technology without armored belt

The requirements of SNiP state that the installation of a Mauerlat on an aerated concrete house without a reinforced belt is, in principle, unacceptable. It is allowed to do this only in rare cases. This can be explained by the fact that the aerated concrete structure is unable to cope with the expansion snow load, dynamic and wind. The armored belt serves as a significant protection against deformation. As an exception, the Mauerlat is allowed to be attached to a structure without an armored belt.

This construction option will speed up and reduce the cost of the construction process. But in this case, you must adhere to the following requirements:

• for the base, a light, but larger beam is selected, having a cross section of at least 20 cm;
• it should be reinforced with steel elements: a metal profile, nails or locks;
• the climate where the construction is carried out is not severe and there are snow or wind loads, but of insignificant force.
• Mauerlat should be placed in relation to the outer edge in the bearing walls at a distance of 0.5 - 1 cm. The Mauerlat is fixed with chemical anchors, steel wire or special studs.

It is very important before installing the Mauerlat on aerated concrete , accurately count the number of fasteners, as well as the distance between two adjacent fasteners.

You need to understand that the operational life of the roof directly and largely depends on the strength and proper installation of the Mauerlat. And according to this, errors, even, at first glance, insignificant should not be allowed. Only in this way the roof will not cause deformation of the house, but will serve as a reliable protection against external and weather factors. You need to entrust this work to experienced developers and roofers.