What are the types of screwdrivers. What are screwdrivers

A screwdriver is an indispensable tool for every self-respecting owner. It is in almost every home, and it is not necessary to be a specialist or a master to be able to use it. People began to use this tool extensively back in the 18th century, and since then the screwdriver has undergone significant evolutionary changes. In addition to the fact that new types of splines have appeared, the handles have also been changed, which are able to reach the target even in hard-to-reach places.

Basic provisions

Like several centuries ago, a screwdriver consists of three main elements: a handle, a shaft and a tip. The handle of all screwdrivers is almost the same, the main properties that it should have are: ease of holding in the hand, strength of the material and, of course, the obstruction of electricity. As for the rod, it can be of different lengths, depending on the inaccessibility of the fastener, which must be screwed in or unscrewed. The tip has many variations, depending on the type of fastener to which the tool will be applied. There are the following types of tips:

Markings

Each nozzle has its own marking, which is applied to the tool in the form of a Latin letter or a combination of several letters and numbers. So, tips have the following designations:

• Flat - SL (Slotted). Marked with numbers indicating the length of the tip 1−10 mm.
• Cruciform - PH (Phillips). They have the following numbers indicating the diameter of the tip: 000 (1.5 mm), 00 (1.9 mm), 0 (2 mm), 1 (2-3 mm), 2 (3-5 mm), 3 (up to 7 mm), 4 (from 7.1 mm).
• Cross improved - PZ (Pozidriy) PX (Phillips Square-Driv and Philips Quadrex).
• Six-pointed - TORX. Designated by the letters E4-E44.
• Hexagonal - HEX (Hexagonal).
• Square - Robertson.
• Triangular - Tri-Wing.

When determining which type of tool to use, the size of the fastener must also be considered.

Some types of special tips for screwdrivers have an empty circular recess in the middle of the slots, such screwdrivers are called “anti-vandal”, as they have a narrow range of applications and not every person has in their arsenal of tools.

Varieties of handles

Screwdriver handles have also undergone considerable changes during the evolution of household and professional tools. They have become more comfortable, stronger and stronger. And some added complex elements with rotational mechanisms. In addition to traditional types, there are also such:

Depending on the type of work, the inaccessibility of the fastener, as well as the type of fastener itself, various types of nozzles and sizes of screwdriver rods are used. From the miniature length of the rod, measured in millimeters, to the longest one, several tens of centimeters. From a conventional flat attachment to a ratchet with a hexagonal tip. And there is also a screwdriver with a flexible shaft for penetrating into hard-to-reach places.

Non-standard applications

It happens that you need to screw something in a hard-to-reach place where only a screwdriver rod can get through. And there is no special tool at hand that can hold the fastener. Then you have to go for such a trick as magnetizing the tip. Then the bolt or screw will be easy to keep on the tip, which will allow you to deliver it and tighten it anywhere. The following steps will show you how to magnetize a screwdriver at home:

1. With the help of a magnet. A powerful magnet, preferably neodymium, is suitable for this. The stronger the magnet, the better the magnetizing effect. You can buy the necessary magnet in the market or in a hardware store. If at home there are old hard drives from a computer, you can use the magnets in it. For proper magnetization, it is necessary to clean the surface of the rod from contamination and dry the surface after processing. Then you need to take a magnet and run along the tool rod from the handle to the tip, you need to do this several times, then turn the tool a quarter of a turn and do the same with each side. You only need to move the magnet in one direction. If after the end of the procedure the tool is not able to hold fasteners, then the whole process must be repeated again. In case of repeated failure, it is worth replacing the magnet with a more powerful one. A tool made of good steel is capable of holding magnetic domains for up to several months. If the tool needs to be demagnetized, then you can carry out the same procedure, but in the direction from the tip to the handle, or tap the tool on the floor or wall, which will contribute to the destruction of magnetic domains.
2. With the help of a battery. For this method, you will need an electric wire of a small section with a length of at least one meter and ends stripped on both sides. A 2.5 square wire with single insulation is best suited. The ends of the wire are cleaned, and the rest of the uncleaned part is wound on the screwdriver shaft, thus forming a kind of magnetic field. Then a battery or crown with a power of 6 to 9 volts (no less and no more) is taken, to which the stripped ends of the wire are connected. There is no difference where to connect the negative and positive contacts. It is important to know that it usually takes between half and one minute for a tool to become fully magnetized. After this time, the battery must be disconnected from the wires, the tool must be released and tested on the fastener. If the magnetization was unsuccessful, you can try to increase the number of skeins by placing them in two layers on top of each other. An increase in battery power can also help, but you should be wary of electric shock or sparks, so all manipulations should be carried out with dielectric gloves.
3. There are also several options for magnetizing the instrument, which are more likely to be considered amateur. You can magnetize the tool with a silk scarf or synthetic rag. If you carefully rub the tip with a similar cloth for a long time, then for a certain period of time, the screwdriver will be able to hold a small bolt or screw. If there is nothing at hand to magnetize the tool, then you can use a hammer or a heavy wrench. To do this, it is necessary to position the tool with the tip towards the north and hit the tip for a long time. Thus, magnetic domains line up in the direction of the Earth's magnetic field.

During all manipulations, it is necessary to adhere to certain rules so that neither the human body nor the instrument itself is affected. When using a neodymium magnet, it should be remembered that it has a very powerful force of attraction and is able to pinch part of the skin. All actions must be carried out in special dielectric gloves.

Phillips screwdriver recovery

Since this type of screwdriver is the most common, and its slots do not have a sufficient area of ​​​​contact with the walls of the fastener, it happens that over time the slots of the tool are erased, and it is no longer possible to achieve the desired effect. Then the question arises of how to restore the tool so that it serves as before.

Of course, it will not be possible to achieve the state in which the instrument was after the purchase, but with a little effort, you can achieve a tangible effect. Usually, the slots of a screwdriver are erased in such a way that only a thin extension of the rod remains from them, which, resting against the bottom of the fastener, prevents the remaining slots from catching on the walls of the slots in the bolt or screw. In this case, the slots must be sharpened.

First you need to cut off the excess part of the rod until the beginning of the remaining slots. You can do this with a grinder. Then you can use the same angle grinder to cut new grooves that will serve as slot separators. This must be done carefully, with a tool firmly fixed in a vise, wearing a protective mask or goggles. Having cut the grooves a little with a grinder, then everything must be done with a triangular-shaped file with a medium coating.

The file is inserted into the ditch so that its lower corner is in the cut groove, and the wall is adjacent to the future slot. With translational movements, the file is driven back and forth until the required depth is reached. Then you need to go to the next slot and repeat the procedure.

To check, you can use any self-tapping screw, if some side of the tip does not fully fit into the groove of the fastener, then this slot needs to be improved.

First, a little history. It is difficult to say when and where the first propeller appeared. The first mention of screws dates back to the 16th century; it can be assumed that the screwdriver appeared at about the same time. Initially, the shape of the screw head was a rectangle or square. Do not forget that everything was made by hand forging. However, this shape limited the possibility of a strong tightening of the screw, especially in hard-to-reach places.

Then the hex wrench was invented, resulting in a wrench with six settings over a 360° range. Socket wrenches appeared, providing access to the screw head vertically and the possibility of conveniently tightening it with the application of any necessary force.

And, one day, a thought flashed through a certain person: “Why, in fact, is a key necessary? Why can’t a groove be cut in the head and work with a screw using a rod with a flat end?” - this is how the slot appeared, and after it the screwdriver. Why the tool was called a screwdriver, and not a "wrapper" (after all, the screw is first wrapped) remained a mystery.

slots

Many years passed, many slots were "torn off" and screwdrivers were broken before users received a tool that is so necessary in everyday life and production. The design of the screwdriver - the length and diameter of the rod, the shape and dimensions of the handle - began to provide convenient and high-quality work in specific conditions, with specific technological requirements.

At the moment, there are several types of screwdrivers, which is determined by the necessary correspondence between the slotted part of the screwdriver and the slot on the screw (screw, self-tapping screw). Therefore, it is important to immediately clarify this issue.

spline types

	Screwdrivers with a straight slot (flat screwdriver) are referred to in the west as "Slotted" (abbreviated as SL), that is, slotted
	Phillips (or Phillips) screwdrivers are called "Phillips" (abbreviated as PH)
	Phillips screwdrivers with additional guides (beams) are "Pozidriv" screwdrivers (PZ for short).
	Screwdrivers with an internal profiled six-pointed asterisk - TORX screwdrivers (the name is patented by CAMCAR TEXTRON USA). Widely used in cell phone repair
	Phillips screwdrivers with a hole in the center of the working part for the guide are called Phillips Tamper Resistant
	Screwdrivers Combo, combining in its working part a cross and a slot
	One type of Phillips screwdriver is the Quadrex. This is a combination of a Phillips profile and a square guide (Square)
	Screwdrivers with working part of square section - Square Head. Sometimes the name Robertson is used
	A Square Head screwdriver with an additional hole for the guide is called a Square Tamper Resistant
	Torx screwdrivers also come with a hole in the center of the working part - Torx Tamper Resistant. They are designed for screws with a cylindrical guide in the center of the "sprocket".
	The Torx Plus profile is also patented. The difference from Torx is that the sprocket arms are a bit shorter and not as sharp.
	The working part of Torx Plus Tamper Resistant screwdrivers is already a five-pointed "asterisk" with a hole.
	Hexagonal internal - "Hex driver". By the way, there is a tool that allows you to unscrew (wrap) screws with an internal hexagon at an angle of up to 25 °. These screwdrivers are called "Ballpoint", that is, ballpoint.
	The hexagonal external screwdriver is referred to as "Nutdriver"
	Hex Tamper Resistant screwdrivers have a hole in the center of the hex for the guide.
	Screwdrivers with a specific three-winged working part are called Tri-Wing. This form is also protected by a patent.
	The 4-bladed "analogue" of the Tri-Wing screwdriver is called the Torq-Set (also patented)
	A screwdriver in the form of a two-pronged fork is called Spanner.
	Clutch screwdrivers are made for screws used in Chevrolet and GMC trucks. Practically not used
	Another rare type of Eight-Wing screwdriver.
	Linehead screwdrivers for Nintendo and Gameboy game consoles
	Penta-drive screwdrivers with pentagonal profile. Now they hardly ever meet.
	Spline 12-star screwdrivers were used on some Volkswagen models
	Tri-groove screwdriver used in some US electronics
	Triangle screwdrivers are sometimes found in computers, toys.

Dimensions

It must be remembered that each shape of the slot has its own standard sizes. When working with fasteners, it is very important to use the right screwdriver in shape and size. This will preserve the slot of the screw, prolong the life of the screwdriver, ensure fast and high-quality work, and most importantly, prevent possible injuries. Precisely made working part of a screwdriver is one of the components of its quality.

Screwdriver rod

The properties and quality of the material from which the screwdriver shaft is made, as well as how it is heat-treated ("hardened"), are also of great importance. A soft screwdriver slot will collapse (curl), and a too hard one (“overheated”) will break (“burst”) even with normal effort during operation. A little more about the screwdriver shaft: usually the rod is made with a round section, but there are screwdrivers on which a hexagonal or square rod is used to increase the torque, or a special hexagonal thickening is made at the base of the handle. You can work with such a screwdriver, helping with a key to increase torque. They are sometimes called "strength".

Screwdriver handle

The main purpose of the screwdriver handle is to transmit torque to the working part. The shape, size and material of the handle can be very different and are determined not only by design requirements, but also by the individual characteristics of the user (ergonomic requirements). So, someone has a wide palm with short fingers, while someone has a narrow one with long ones, while different handles are needed: longer or shorter, larger diameter or smaller. Handle material can be very different: wood, plastic, rubber. And here an individual choice is needed: the tree is good, but not strong enough, but not everyone likes rubber - the hand sweats, although the grip of this handle is complete.

The ergonomic shape provides for the transmission of high torque a zone of large radius at the end of the handle with a wide round "nape" without sharp edges, and closer to the rod - a narrow section ("waist"). It allows you to quickly twist the tool with your fingers.

The shape of the handle can be very different - the main requirement for it is a secure grip - so that the hand does not slip with the necessary effort. And further. The end of the handle must be well-finished, smooth, so as not to rub the palm during intensive work.

In addition, for most "round" models, a couple of edges are specially ground off so that the screwdriver does not roll off inclined planes. The "holes" towards the end of the handle are hanging holes (this makes it easier to store the tool).

The most common handles are plastic, but they are very different. As a rule, handles are made of powdered and molded plastics. The first - more solid, but fragile - are afraid of blows, falls; the second - more elastic, but softer - this is easy to verify with the help of any cutting tool. The first in appearance are more glossy, shiny; the second ones are matte, dull, slightly "soapy" to the touch (however, this does not interfere with work with a good shape of the handle, "according to the hand").

Many manufacturers now produce screwdrivers with combined handles: two-component, three-component. Polypropylene, elastomers, rubber are used in this case. Such handles are the most functional: they are durable and do not collapse even with the maximum applied force, provide a secure grip of the tool by hand, and are pleasant to the touch.

For hard-to-reach places, they make short screwdrivers (shortened rod, shortened handle) of the "barrel" type, super-long screwdrivers, where the length of the rod is much greater than the length of the handle. Convenient: I crawled with a long sting through all the protrusions and holes of the structure and twisted the "boring and inconvenient" screw! And, of course, you can't miss the so-called "T" handles, made for "heavy duty" screwdrivers, capable of realizing maximum force at the point of application.

Flat screwdriver

Let's take a closer look at the types of screwdrivers and start our review with a regular flathead screwdriver. Screwdrivers with a flat, straight slot (sting) will exist for a very long time, as long as fasteners with a straight slot are produced. Their main parameter - the size of the sting, is determined by two numbers, for example: 0.5x4 - this is a sting 0.5 mm thick and 4 mm wide.

There should be a screwdriver for each size of the head and slot of the fastener. So, if the diameter of the fastener head is 6 mm, and the width of the slot is 0.8 mm, then the tip of the screwdriver should be no more than 6 mm and no less than 5 mm wide, and its thickness should be at least 0.7 mm. This will ensure the convenience and quality of work, guarantee the reliability of fastening, maintaining the integrity of the slot and the screwdriver itself.

In addition, there were flat screwdrivers with notches applied on the planes of the sting, which increases the friction between the screwdriver and the slot of the fastener; screwdrivers of all types with a diamond coating of the working part; with hard-alloy working part; with a magnetized working part for holding fasteners (made of ordinary steel).

Phillips screwdriver

Initially, the shape of the cross slot was quite complex, because in addition to the "cross" itself, it had a cylindrical recess in its center (approximately 2 mm in diameter and about 3 mm deep) - the shape of the screwdriver corresponded to it. However, practice has shown that this guide on a screwdriver is not technically and economically justified, and the guide was abandoned, leaving just a "cross".

What is the revolutionary nature of the "cross"? It allows you to securely fix the screwdriver in the slot, does not "slip off" and, with proper operation, almost completely eliminates the possibility of damage, "breakdown" of the slot - the occurrence of burrs, violations of the anti-corrosion coating of fasteners. The area of ​​working contact between the surfaces of the "cross" and the screwdriver is almost twice as large as with a straight slot.

Philips type screwdrivers are referred to as PH. Below is a table that indicates the limits of the use of Phillips screwdrivers in accordance with the dimensions of the fasteners:

The length of the screwdriver shaft of the same number may be different for different types of work. In everyday life, medium sizes are mainly used. When repairing cell phones, short screwdrivers can be used.

Phillips screwdriver Pozidriv

Pozidriv is a registered trademark. It designates a class of screws and Phillips screwdrivers. The Pozidriv is an improved version of the Phillips cross slot. Unlike Phillips screws, the deep edges of the side surfaces of the Pozidriv tip do not thin out, but run parallel to each other.

The distinguishing feature of Pozidriv screws from Philips screws is the thin radial lines emanating from the inner corners of the Pozidrive screw head.

Pozidriv screwdrivers have the same edges between the main lugs of the cross and are marked PZ. In addition, they also indicate the size in ascending order (for example, in ascending order - PZ 000, PZ 00, PZ 0, PZ 1, PZ 2, PZ 3, etc.).

Screwdrivers Torx (asterisk)

Screwdrivers of this form are of particular interest to cell phone repairmen. Almost all modern phone models use screws with a slot in the form of a six-pointed asterisk. Screws and screws of similar shape are also found in computer components, for example, in hard drives. This form is called TORX and was developed by the American company Camcar. People not familiar with this name usually use the words star or star. The developers of the new screwdriver shape wanted to create a more reliable tool that outperforms standard straight and Phillips screwdrivers in all respects for mass use in assembly shops.

In addition to assembling cell phones, the TORX system is used in the automotive industry, bicycle construction, computers, and consumer electronics.

To indicate the dimensions of the system TORX capital letter is used T followed by a number. For example, T5, T6, T10 and so on (the larger the number, the larger the screwdriver). T3, T4, T5, T6, T7 sizes are commonly used for cell phone repair.

Camcar later developed an improved version TORX Plus. There is also a Tamper-Resistant TORX version (Torx TR for short) that has a protrusion in the center that prevents the use of standard TORX screwdrivers, as well as straight and Phillips screwdrivers.

There is also an external version of TORX, which we will not consider.

electric screwdriver

Recently, electric screwdrivers (screw guns) are gaining more and more popularity. The indisputable convenience of cordless tools should be noted - they are autonomous, do not require a mains connection, extension cords, adapters, etc., they are electrically safe when working outdoors, even at high humidity.

Screwdrivers of different types differ in purpose, features of work, advantages and disadvantages, brands. In the article we will tell you how to choose a screwdriver, give useful tips and recommendations.

Types of screwdrivers and their purpose

Rechargeable. The tool of this type has a built-in motor to ensure a faster process of tightening and unscrewing the fasteners.

1. Indicator. It is used to check the presence of voltage in the network using a miniature indicator.
2. With interchangeable bits. Such devices have additional nozzles (bits) for various types of screws, fasteners, self-tapping screws for working in hard-to-reach places.
3. For screws. Screwdrivers for tightening / loosening screws of various configurations.
4. Drums. It is necessary to extract rusty, difficult to unscrew bolts, screws, self-tapping screws with a conventional screwdriver.

Cordless screwdrivers have built-in electric motor and power supply.

Image of a BOSCH cordless screwdriver for working with fasteners in places where there is no direct access.

Due to the small battery capacity and low-power motor, these screwdrivers are small in size. In such models, an element is provided for quick clamping of the nozzle, as well as the presence of an engine that drives the working part. Thanks to the reversible function, you can change the direction of movement of the bit, which is convenient for unscrewing fasteners.

Indicator screwdrivers equipped with a built-in indicator. Such varieties are necessary for a simple and safe determination of the presence of voltage in the network.

Image of a STAYER indicator screwdriver that can detect the presence of a voltage signal, both contact and non-contact.

There are two varieties:

• contact device;
• contactless device.

Contact type devices are equipped with a plate on the handle, which the user must touch in order to correctly determine the signal. There are such varieties with a sound signal. Non-contact varieties - has a battery that allows you to detect breaks in the electrical circuit without a current signal.

With interchangeable bits. Relate to universal varieties of screwdrivers. There is a set of bits (nozzles) with various tip configurations.

Image of a GROSS brand model with a set of bits and socket heads in the amount of 48 pieces.

There are models in a set with bits (5-50 pieces). They can be either single-sided or double-sided with the accessory holder included in the kit.

For screws. Two major varieties can be distinguished:

• cross.

Image of Inforce Phillips screwdriver with chrome molybdenum steel magnetic tip

• flat.

Picture of a STANDART flathead screwdriver for use with stainless steel threaded fasteners

A Phillips screwdriver is used only when working with a Phillips slot. It has the shape of a tip, ideal for screwing screws, screws. Flat is used to work with flat slots. There are two main varieties:

• dielectric, such models have handles made of conductive material;
• double-sided rod that can be easily changed.

shock. The principle of operation is based on the reproduction of rotation during pressure on the nozzle. Such an effort allows you to turn the hardened screw by 2-5 mm. This device is used only for the initial unscrewing of problematic fasteners. Then use a screwdriver different from this type.

Image of a SANTOOL branded percussion instrument with reversible head changer and 6 bits

Advantages and disadvantages of different types of screwdrivers

Battery screwdrivers:

• Their advantages are the accelerated process of screwing in and out due to the presence of an electric motor, which is powered by a battery or from the mains.
• The disadvantages include bulkiness, compared with simple models and a higher cost.

Indicator:

• Advantages - in addition to the main function, such screwdrivers help to visualize the presence of voltage in the network.
• Disadvantages - the importance of using according to the manufacturer's instructions. Read also the article: → "".

With interchangeable bits:

• Advantages - a large selection of nozzles, which allows them to work with almost any kind of screw, self-tapping screw.
• The disadvantage is the constant carrying of a set of nozzles in a special container or package.

For screws:

• Advantages - reliability, ease of use. Most manufacturers make this type of screwdriver from durable material.
• Disadvantages - the need to purchase a model for a certain type of screw / screw.

• Advantages - without much effort, they allow you to start the promotion of frozen fasteners.
• Disadvantages - use only at the initial stage of unscrewing the screw.

Analysis of tool manufacturers

1. For the installation work of electrical networks, flat and cross-shaped screwdrivers with a dielectric coating manufactured by Wera are most often used.
2. Work in hard-to-reach places is easy to perform with MATRIX brand tools.
3. For long screwing / unscrewing, cordless screwdrivers from the KRAFTTOOL brand have proven themselves well. Thanks to them, you can quickly install fasteners.
4. When working with fasteners of various configurations, it is convenient to use models with interchangeable bits from Stayer or FIT.

Tips for screwdrivers: types, differences, use

• The bit for a straight slot is classic. It is designated by the abbreviation "S" from English. slot. The marking is located on the side face of the bit.

Image of a slotted bit with indication of its marking and examples of used fasteners Table 1. Working dimensions of bits for a slot

This group of nozzles is divided into varieties:

1. Nozzle for straight slot classic;
2. Nozzle for straight slot with TIN coating.

The classic nozzle is applicable for slot widths of 2.0 - 9.0 mm. The thickness of the gap can be 1.0 - 1.7 mm. Tip with TIN coating are more wear resistant and are used for width 4.0 - 7.0mm and thickness 0.5 - 1.5mm.

• Slot bit with TIN coating. A titanium nitride alloy is used. This coating provides high strength.

Image of a slotted bit with a TIN coating, indicating its marking and examples of used fasteners

• Cruciform bit. Marked "PH".

Image of a cross bit with indication of its marking and examples of used fasteners

Such nozzles are often applicable in working with metal and wood materials.

Table 2. Working dimensions of Phillips bits

• Cross-shaped bit with notches. Marking - "PZ".

Picture of a knurled Phillips bit, with examples of its working objects shown

Thanks to additional notches, such bits can withstand heavy loads during long-term work. The choice of the tip is made according to the dimensions of the fastener. Read also the article: → "".

Table 3. Classification of screwdriver types by fastener sizes

• Tip in the form of a hexagon. Designated - "N".

Image of the appearance of the hex tip, with examples of its working objects

These bits work with screws and self-tapping screws. They create tight contact with the fastener.

• Star-shaped nozzle. Marked - "T, TX".

Image of a star tip with indication of its marking and examples of used fasteners

The hexagonal base allows the nozzle to reliably come into contact with the fastener.

• A nozzle with a square slot. Marking - "R". They are used in specialized types of work.

Image of a square slot tip, indicating its marking and examples of fasteners used

• Nozzles with anti-vandal slot. Marking - "SP". High-strength steel is used, such nozzles are very durable and reliable.

Image of a tip with an anti-vandal coating, indicating its marking and examples of fasteners used

• Tips with Tri-Wing - slot. Marked - "TW". Such nozzles are used for assembly and repair of electronic household appliances.

Image of a tip with a Tri-Wing slot, indicating its marking and examples of fasteners used

• Torq-Set - tips. Markirvok - "TS".

Image of a Torq-Set tip with indication of its marking and examples of fasteners used.

Council number 1. If you need to work in hard-to-reach places, then the best choice is a flexible screwdriver.

Depiction of the principle of operation of a flexible screwdriver for working in hard-to-reach places

Council number 2. When assembling, it is better to use a dynamometric variety. It allows you to control efforts, thanks to the indicator scale.

The image of the working elements of a torque screwdriver for quality control of work performed.

How to choose screwdriver size

Each type of screwdriver is indicated by its nominal size of width and thickness. It will be enough for an ordinary consumer to have models or nozzles (SL3, SL5, SL8). The parameters of such varieties are 3-20 mm. Among crossheads, the PH2 is the most popular, working with most self-tapping screws and screws.

Manufacturers include:

1. FIT . Budget Chinese brand. Offers a very wide range of different modifications. But you can't count on high quality here.
2. GROSS . A German company with a reputation for producing high quality and reliable tools for professional use.
3. Stanley . An American brand that produces devices for professionals and amateurs. The basic feature is the ease of use of its products.
4. STAYER . Russian brand that produces budget screwdrivers. It guarantees high quality and long service life.
5. Wiha . A manufacturing brand that performs tools for complex production tasks. High equipment prices are offset by reliable performance.

Frequently asked Questions

Question number 1. What are screws?

Type of screws:

• on wood;
• instrumental.

According to the specified criteria, screws are selected for a specific job.

Question number 2. When are threaded connections used?

Wrap connections are of two types:

• soft - when there is a soft material under the screw itself (for example, wood);
• rigid - the case when a hard material (eg metal) is screwed with a screw.

Question number 3. What factors should I pay attention to when using a cordless screwdriver?

When working with such a screwdriver, recoil is felt. This process depends on:

• noises;
• popping nozzles;
• torques.

Question number 4. How to protect yourself from the possibility of slipping bits (nozzles)?

Reasons for slipping bits:

• overall parameters of the nozzle do not correspond to the dimensions of the fastener sockets;
• incorrect installation of the bit in the fastening part of the electric screwdriver. Read also the article: → "".
• misalignment of the tip during operation;
• very strong or very weak pressure of the electronic tool to the fastener.

Consequences for such errors:

• the likelihood of injury to the operator;
• inflicting defects on the workpiece;
• failure of the screwdriver bit;
• fastener damage.

Mistakes when choosing a screwdriver

1. Groove width selection. If the screwdriver tip parameter is selected less than the fastener itself, then in this case heavy scrolling will occur, in the case of using a cross-shaped, a break in the teeth and fastener groove.
2. Choice of thickness. If the thickness is less than the size of the fastener, the scrolling will not be clear, and additional efforts are possible when turning. With a larger value, the tip of the screwdriver simply will not fit into the groove.
3. Handle material selection. The plastic coating will cause slippage and chafing of hands during prolonged use. The rubber base will help eliminate these defects.
4. Choice of the tip itself. For a reliable working process, it is necessary to use only the tip for a specific fastener. Otherwise, the quality of work will be low and costly.

If you don’t have a screwdriver at hand, then installing, for example, an outlet, mounting a bracket or hanging a shelf will not be easy. There are simply no universal models, despite the statements of manufacturers. Therefore, it will be quite difficult to choose the optimal version of the tool. Let's try to figure out what types of screwdrivers exist, and what each of them is suitable for.

The operation of a screwdriver depends on its device. It consists of a handle, a tip and a rod. The depth and breadth of the holes into which self-tapping screws or screws are screwed are different for different blanks and planes. For this reason, the purpose of the device characterizes its model and the scale of the device.

Tool details:

• rod - provides an opportunity to choose a screwdriver for the properties of the upcoming work. Significant depth of the workpiece is available with its longer duration;
• tip or groove - the working share of the tool, placed on the edge of the rod. The groove pattern is combined with the marks on top of the screw heads. For screws, there are much more alternative forms if the self-tapping screws are equipped with risks in the form of a cross. Each of them has its own slot;
• handle - ensures the comfort of working with the device. There are also auxiliary purposes, combined with convenience and ergonomics.

Names and markings

Screwdrivers are divided into types according to the type of slots. So, let's look at all classifications.

Modifications

1. Screwdrivers with nozzles (removable nozzles or bits) are more like a universal tool model, to which you can connect various nozzles from a set for all kinds of slots. For example, triangular. Curly screwdriver inserts or bits are also suitable for screwdrivers and screwdrivers.
2. The tuning model is more suitable for tuning a technique that reduces pickups from the body, does not knock down the measurements of an electronic circuit (capacitance, inductance and magnetism).
3. Impact (or shock-rotary) model of the tool converts the force of impact into rotation and is equipped with a reverse to change the direction of rotation.
4. Indicator tool for measuring the parameters of the electrical network. It is used when searching for a phase wire in the work on laying the electrical network. The model of the tool is fragile, not suitable for power work.
5. The electric model of the tool sets in motion a removable nozzle (electric screwdriver, screwdriver, screwdriver). They are used when the use of a drill is not suitable due to the fragility of the details of the structure with which it is necessary to work.
6. The reversible model of the tool with the so-called ratchet device is a complicated version with a rod scrolling in one direction in the handle. You can change the direction of scrolling of the tip depending on the need to unscrew or screw the screw. The ratchet has a switch similar to a lever or slide switch. The lever in the middle stops scrolling of the tool base in the handle.

The length of the rod, depending on the need for work, is different in size. As a rule, the length of the base is about 100–200 mm. In conditions where it is difficult to get a screw, a longer screwdriver will do, and in tight openings you will need a small one. But there are models whose length can be changed with a clasp specially designed for this, which secures the axis in the desired position.

Sometimes the handle of a screwdriver is made in the form of a bend, in the form of the letter G or T. The longer the handle of the lever, the stronger the scrolling moment can be obtained. Also of interest are models with a hinge in the handle, which helps to change the angular relationship between the axis of the base and the axis of the handle.

Partially, the core of the tool can be a bending shaft or an angular gear, which is very convenient in conditions of limited space. Strictly complying with the prescribed standards, screwdrivers have a round base section, less often with a turnkey leash in the form of a hexagon. There are models with a faceted rod, due to which the scrolling moment increases.

The dielectric insulation of the tool is made for the purpose of necessary protection against electric shock near the conductors. But only within the limits specified by the manufacturer is it safe, information about this is available on the handle of the tool.

Models can withstand impact due to their design, which has a rod with an extension at the end. The tip can be hit with a hammer without fear that the handle will break. Sometimes the heel has the form of a turnkey hexagonal leash.

Today they produce such screwdrivers that were not known before. For example, in China, you can order a set of screwdrivers with any kind of slots. For home use, you can buy a set of screwdrivers with a magnetic tip. But if there are no funds for this, it can be replaced with a conventional model by magnetizing it yourself. To do this, it is enough to put a bar magnet in it and sharpen it.

Today there is not a single professional or home craftsman who would not use screwdrivers in his work. This is due to the wide range of applications of this tool. The richness of sizes and shapes allows you to choose it correctly. The workflow is quick and easy. The result is of high quality. which are most in demand, should be studied before using them. This will allow you to choose the optimal type of instrument.

General characteristics of the tool

Screwdrivers, the types of which are used today, appeared not so long ago. In general, the presented instrument was known to people in the 18th century. But in those days, a screwdriver rather resembled. In the process of improving the shape of the screw, the type of tool also changed. As soon as the fastener had a slot, the screwdriver moved into the class of a separate improvised tool.

Since then, the design of screwdrivers has improved significantly. Today it consists of several elements. This is a tip (sting), a rod and a handle. The first of these elements is the most important. This is the working part, which has a different shape.

The rod is characterized by various widths and lengths. It is chosen depending on the location of the fastener, as well as its size. The handle also allows you to firmly hold the tool in your hand. This increases comfort when using a screwdriver.

Tip types

The main types of slotted screwdrivers should be considered first. It is for this part that the right tool is selected.

The oldest form is the flathead screwdriver. The head of the screws for which it is designed has a straight slot. These fasteners are designed for domestic use, as they do not withstand heavy loads.

The most popular form is the cross type of sting. With it, you can tighten the fastener more tightly. The screw has a recess in the center and two cross slots. Its subspecies is a Phillips screwdriver with guides. There are additional gaps that provide improved grip.

The hex screwdriver is a tool with 10 times the torque of the Phillips screwdriver.

The rarest type is the asterisk screwdriver. Most often, screws of this form are found on mobile equipment.

Hexagonal and flathead screwdrivers

In the process of choosing a tool, the master may be wondering what kind of screwdrivers are. Types and sizes are very diverse. First of all, it is necessary to consider flat and hexagonal types. They are used both manually and

Flat screwdrivers in the marking have figures for the length of the tip. It can be 1-10 mm. Although this form is quite ancient, it is still used in domestic needs.

Also called imbuses. Most often they have the form of a rod bent in the form of the letter G. Their difference is only in the size of the section. They are used in the process of repairing electrical equipment, as well as in live equipment. The marking of these screwdrivers looks like HEX. It happens that hexagons have a section in the form of a star at the end. They are labeled as Torx. Such improvised means are used only in salons for repairing phones and other special equipment.

Phillips screwdrivers

Cross types are the most popular. Screwdriver sizes are the main feature of their classification. In the marking of such products there are letters RN and a cross.

The smallest varieties are designated 000. They have a tip diameter of only 1.5 mm. Such a tool is applicable in the repair of special digital equipment. It is also very rare that screwdrivers with a size of 00 (up to 1.9 mm) and 0 (2 mm) are used at home.

Standard kits for domestic use usually include products marked from 1 (2-3 mm). But the most popular is the screwdriver number 2 (3-5 mm). It is most often released with a magnetic sting. In everyday life, the product number 3 can also be used. Its size reaches 7 mm.

For repairing cars or large equipment in a production environment, a Phillips screwdriver number 4 can be used. Its diameter exceeds 7.1 mm.

Varieties of Phillips screwdrivers

Today, craftsmen use a variety of types of Phillips screwdrivers. The product marking may contain the letters PH, PZ or PX. There is a certain difference between them.

PH is an abbreviation for the Phillips company, which has a patent for the manufacture of Phillips screwdrivers, as well as screws with recesses for them. If the marking contains the letters PZ, this is a more advanced version of the tool. The abbreviation stands for Pozidriy. This variety may have additional rays. This tool is widely used in the furniture business, as well as in the installation of aluminum profile structures.

The letters PX in the marking indicate the most modern type of Phillips screwdriver. It is used in the repair of digital equipment.

Professional screwdrivers

In addition to household tools, professional improvised tools are also widely used. They have a special shape. This tool is most often not suitable for home craftsmen, since their scope is very narrow. Such types of screwdrivers, the names of which are written in the marking, should be considered in more detail.

Products with a pin located in the center are called Torx. The special Torg-Set tool is used only in aviation. Its shape has a cross-sectional asymmetry. This allows the screws to be tightened very strongly.

A double-pronged screwdriver is called a spanner. It is used in the creation or repair of elevators. This shape prevents vandalism and inappropriate jokes.

The Tri-Wing section is also intended for aviation. But it is also used for the repair of electrical equipment. The shape of this screwdriver is made in the form of a trefoil.

Model overview

A huge number of manufacturers produce the presented types of tools. There are forms and types of screwdriver bits similar to hand tools. Only they are more often used in screwdrivers.

To choose the right type of tool, you need to evaluate the frequency of its use. If a screwdriver is required from time to time for household needs, inexpensive models can be purchased. Brands such as Fit, Stayer, Matrix have proven themselves well in the low-price segment.

For frequent use in professional activities, it is necessary to give preference to more expensive varieties. Due to their increased strength, their service life is much longer. Well-known products of this quality are produced by Arsenal and Kraftool.

The most expensive, but very high quality are Gedoro brand screwdrivers. They are purchased exclusively by professionals. These handy tools wear out 8 times slower than other models.

quality requirements

Modern screwdrivers, the types of which were discussed above, must be durable and reliable. In order for the tool to serve for a long time, it is necessary to pay attention to a number of factors.

If there is a choice, to buy a Japanese or Chinese product, it is better to give preference to the first option. European brands have also proven themselves well. It is quite possible to purchase domestic products, but only if there is a GOST or RS marking. Otherwise, you can buy a low-quality fake.

The best products are made from an alloy of chromium and vanadium. Their strength should be in the range of 47 to 52 on the Rockwell scale. In order not to buy a fake, it is necessary to give preference to products of well-known brands.

If the tool is used in conditions of aggressive chemicals, a rubber handle should not be chosen. But for the work of an electrician, this will be an indispensable means of protection. The screwdriver should lie comfortably in the hand, without overstraining the muscles of the hand. These rules will help you choose the best tool option.

Having considered the existing screwdrivers, the types of which are used by home and professional craftsmen today, you can choose the best product option.