Planting dates for late cabbage in the middle lane. Pre-sowing preparation of seeds

First of all, take care of the varieties

You need to decide for yourself what kind of cabbage you want to grow: early - for summer salads, mid-ripening and late - for pickling and winter storage, or both. The timing of sowing cabbage for seedlings depends on this.

Early ripe varieties quickly form a crop of not very dense heads of cabbage, the weight of which does not exceed one and a half kilograms. Such cabbage will not be stored, but on the menu summer table she is irreplaceable. Delicious salads, side dishes, first courses are obtained from it.

Mid-season varieties are very often used for salting, later ones are harvested for the winter in order to have vitamin-rich dishes on the table until spring.

Try to buy seeds from trusted companies. The viability of seedlings and, ultimately, the harvest largely depends on the quality of the planting material.

Many summer residents fell in love with hybrids early cabbage:

• Parel
• Pandion

From mid-season and late:

• Rinda
• Megaton
• Atria
• Galaxy
• Kolobok
• Krautman.

We sow cabbage for seedlings

Soil mix. Not all purchased peat soils suitable for cabbage because she doesn't like acidic soils. It is better to prepare the soil mixture for seedlings yourself by mixing turf (or garden) soil with good humus(1:1), add half a cup of wood ash to a bucket and mix well.

The ash will enrich the mixture with nutrition, protect the seedlings from the black leg. To prevent the development of the black leg, 1-3 days before sowing the seeds, the soil is shed with a solution of Hamair (1 tablet per 5 liters of water).

Sowing dates

It is very important to choose the right time for sowing cabbage seeds. They depend on the timing of planting seedlings in the ground. 45-60 day old seedlings early white cabbage many summer residents plant in the garden at the end of April, which means that in mid-February-early March, you need to sow the seeds.

But here we must make one very important reservation. Under normal, room conditions, you will not be able to grow seedlings of early cabbage. On the initial stage, this culture needs to provide t +15 - 17º during the day and + 10 - 12º at night. In a city apartment, this is difficult to do, and if this is not possible, then it is better to refuse early sowing cabbage.

The climate dictates the early planting dates for early cabbage varieties: the heat that sets in already in May hinders development, and it is very important that the plants develop as long as possible in
favorable conditions for them (moderate temperatures, high humidity air).

If it is possible to plant cabbage under temporary shelter, seeds for seedlings are sown earlier.

When growing cabbage in an apartment, the seedlings grow so frail and elongated.

Later varieties white cabbage is grown, as a rule, without picking, and therefore the seedling period for mid-ripening varieties is reduced to 45, and for late ones - up to 35-40 days.

Knowing the approximate timing of planting seedlings of medium and late varieties on permanent place (mid-season varieties planted in open ground in the second decade of May, and late ones - in the third decade of May-first days of June), it can be calculated that mid-season varieties are sown for seedlings at the beginning, and late varieties at the end of April.

Pre-sowing seed treatment

Before sowing, seeds are processed, on the bag with which it is not indicated that they are processed by the manufacturer. Seeds are dipped in water heated to 50 degrees for 20 minutes, then kept in cold water for five minutes. This procedure frees the seeds from pathogens of fungal diseases.

To prevent the development of a black leg, the seeds are soaked in a solution for 1-2 hours before sowing. Fitosporina-M, then dried.

sowing cabbage

A few days before sowing, the soil in the seedling box is watered. On the day of sowing, after 3-4 cm, sowing grooves are made 1.5 cm deep, they are moistened and seeds are sown 1-1.5 cm apart. Then the rows fall asleep soil mixture, the surface of the soil is slightly compacted, covered with a film or glass and cleaned in a warm place.

Cabbage seeds begin to germinate at low temperatures, but in the heat shoots are more friendly and fast. Moisten the soil before germination should not be: the seeds have enough pre-sowing moisture reserves.

Microclimate. Emerging shoots immediately find a cool, well-lit place. This is mo-
there may be a glazed loggia, a veranda, where the temperature during the day is kept at +8 +10 degrees. Spring is rapidly gaining momentum, and every day it will be warmer outside (and, therefore, on the loggia).

Such a gradual increase in temperature against the background of increasing daylight hours is favorable for the development of seedlings. In an excessively warm room, cabbage seedlings will stretch and may even die.

Picking seedlings

In the phase of 1-2 true leaves, cabbage seedlings dive. It is better to transplant into cups so as not to injure the roots during transplantation into the garden. Plants are buried to the cotyledons. The soil in the cups is shed with a solution of phytosporin-M. After transplanting, the cabbage is shaded for 1-2 days.

How to care for seedlings

Top dressing. Ten days after picking, the seedlings are fed for the first time.

1. 2 g of potassium sulfate and ammonium nitrate, 4 g of superphosphate is diluted in a liter of water. Seedlings are watered before feeding, and then 1 cr is poured under each plant. spoonful of nutrient solution.
2. Two weeks after the first feeding, a second one is carried out with the same composition, but 2 tbsp is poured under each plant. spoons of solution.
3. A few days before planting, seedlings are fed for the last time: 3 g of ammonium nitrate, 5 g of superphosphate and 8 g of potassium sulfate per liter of water. Simple fertilizers can be replaced with complex ones.

Hardening off cabbage seedlings

Two weeks before planting in open ground, seedlings begin to harden. In the early days, it is enough to slightly open the windows on the loggia or veranda for several hours. Then the cabbage is left before open window so that she gradually gets used to direct sunlight.

The last days before planting reduce watering, the windows are not closed even at night. You can also harden off seedlings in the country.

Any violation of agricultural technology for growing seedlings is fraught with diseases.

If trouble happens, the plants that have fallen from the black leg are removed, the soil in the seedling box is dried, sprinkled wood ash and gently loosen.

“The child is wrapped in a hundred diapers” - this is how a well-known children's riddle describes this vegetable. "Passel for the intestines" - it was nicknamed by nutritionists, knowing the high fiber content of green leaves. Borsch and cabbage soup cannot be cooked without it; it is the main ingredient in winter salads.

White cabbage is a vegetable that is difficult for a Slavic person to do without. Every gardener knows that early varieties of white cabbage should be eaten immediately, and in order to enjoy its taste in winter, it is necessary to plant late varieties. They are stored until the new harvest and are perfect for fermentation. Today the theme of our site is cultivation late cabbage in open ground.

Late white cabbage in the open field

White cabbage late - a brief description

The multi-leafed beauty belongs to the cruciferous family. In the first year, the plant forms a head, in the second year it shoots out an arrow and forms seeds. The root of white cabbage strongly branches and deepens by 30-50 cm.

Features of late varieties of cabbage:

• Ripening period - from 120 to 145 days.
• Keeping quality - from 3 to 6 months.
• The yield is the highest.
• Not prone to nitrate accumulation.

Outdoor cultivation

To productive variety white cabbage turned out to be in fact as fruitful as expected, it is important to properly prepare the place for placing the vegetable, plant and care for the plant until harvest. What is important to consider, experienced gardeners will tell us, proudly harvesting an enviable crop of white cabbage every year.

soil for cabbage

Loamy soil is ideal for white cabbage. But it is also important that it be non-acidic and rich in organic matter. Fertilizers are applied to the soil in the fall when digging or in the spring, when preparing the soil for sowing.

It is extremely important to choose the right predecessors for late white cabbage. It is strictly forbidden to plant cabbage in one place for two years in a row. Also, do not place it in place of crops of the same family.

Cabbage in the open field

You can plant white cabbage the next year after:

• cereals,
• legumes,
• carrots,
• tomatoes,
• cucumbers,
• Luke.

Growing methods

White cabbage is grown both through seedlings and without it. When choosing a variety, it is important to consider the purposes of the planned use: use in fresh, salting. Seeds should be purchased only from a trusted manufacturer.

Seedling

For seedlings, seeds are sown in March or April, depending on the climate in the region. In the calculations, it must be taken into account that monthly seedlings are transferred to open ground. Since white cabbage at a young age is not particularly cold-resistant, it should be warm enough at the time of planting.

If the seeds were collected on their own, they must be processed:

• 20 minutes - in hot water,
• 1 minute - in cold water,
• night - in a solution of trace elements,
• days in the refrigerator.

Seeds should be sown in soil consisting of sand, earth and peat or humus. When using garden soil, it is necessary to carry out a disinfection procedure.

For cabbage seedlings, it is better if the seeds are planted in separate pots. In this case, you do not have to perform a picking procedure that injures the roots. young plant. If, nevertheless, it is used for sowing big box, it is necessary to observe a distance of 2 cm between the seeds.

Immediately after sowing, the container is usually covered with polyethylene and placed in a warm place. Before the emergence of sprouts, the temperature should not fall below 18 ° C. Sprouted sprouts need to be opened, put in a bright place and reduce the temperature by 10 ° C. In the future, daylight hours for seedlings should be 12 hours.

Seedlings ready for planting outdoors

Young plants are transferred to open ground with the appearance of 4-5 leaves. Two weeks before this, the hardening process should begin. To do this, the containers are taken out for several hours to the street or balcony, or the room where they are located is well ventilated.

Sowing in the ground

April or May is suitable for direct sowing of cabbage seeds in open ground. A specific date should be chosen taking into account weather conditions. The earth must be well warmed up. If frosts are expected, it is better to cover the beds. Planting depth - 2-3 cm. At the stage of 3-4 leaves, the plants are thinned out.

Landing pattern

It is customary to plant late cabbage not as densely as early and medium. This is due to the fact that for full maturation, the heads of late varieties need a lot of light. So, the schemes beloved by many gardeners look like this: 60x70 cm and 50x40 cm.

Top dressing for late cabbage

Late cabbage is characterized by increased demands on nutrients. Doses of fertilizers must be correlated with the composition of the soil and the ability of previous crops to draw nutrients from the soil. Agronomists advise that 80% nutrients fell into the soil with the main application and 20% with top dressing.

The main fertilizer of the soil takes place after harvesting or when preparing the beds. Top dressing is carried out during the growing season. By standard scheme there are three of them:

1. when 5 leaves appear (when planting immediately in open ground) or two weeks after picking (when grown through seedlings);
2. when the plant forms a rosette;
3. at the beginning of head formation.

There are many means for feeding late cabbage. If no organic matter was added, it is advised to use Reksolin ABS. The preparations "Terraflex" and "Terraflex Final" showed themselves well in different stages feeding.

Processing cabbage beds

Like any other crop, white cabbage does not tolerate close proximity to weeds. The soil should be watered and loosened in time. Three weeks after the landing, and then another two weeks later experienced gardeners spud cabbage.

A mulch layer will be an excellent help to late white cabbage. Peat proved to be the best in its quality. The layer should be at least 5 cm. It will protect the cabbage from moisture loss in the summer heat and keep the earth loose.

Harvesting

Heads of late cabbage are best harvested when they reach full maturity. In this case, they will be perfectly stored. Although theoretically it can tolerate light frosts, it is better not to wait for them to occur. Usually late cabbage is cut in late September or early October.

Growing late cabbage outdoors will provide your family with a tasty vegetable for the whole winter. Follow the rules of agricultural technology - and you will succeed!

Cabbage occupies not the last place on suburban area every gardener. This is due to the fact that the vegetable is suitable not only for making vitamin salads, but is also used in many other dishes. To grow strong seedlings, you need to familiarize yourself with some rules and recommendations for planting, caring for and growing cabbage seedlings at home.

Basic rules for planting cabbage for seedlings: how to sow at home

In order for the seedlings to turn out strong and healthy, it is necessary to sow accordingly, and first properly prepare the seeds, containers and soil, and of course it is very important to choose the optimal time. Only strict adherence to the recommendations will help to avoid serious mistakes that can negatively affect the growth and development of cabbage seedlings in the future.

When to sow seeds: optimal sowing time

Note! The site already has a detailed article about, including auspicious days for landing in 2019 according to the lunar calendar.

Seed preparation before sowing: pre-sowingtreatment

Before planting cabbage seeds, it is necessary to prepare them. This procedure is intended for both self-collected seed and purchased seed. This requires initially conducting a visual selection, sifting out all damaged specimens, as well as those that are significantly larger or smaller than the bulk.

Then it is recommended to process (pickling) cabbage seeds from pathogens that may persist on the outer shell. To do this, they must first be soaked in warm water with the addition of potassium permanganate at a temperature of 40-50 degrees for 20-30 minutes.

Can be held disinfection using the drug.

For stimulation of growth processes And increase in percentage of germination it is recommended to soak with a solution "Epin"(according to instructions) or "Zircon"(according to instructions). After that, the seeds must be immediately planted in the ground.

And even better germinate cabbage seeds on cotton pads. In 2-4 days, the seeds will hatch, and it will be possible to plant them in the ground.

Important! If, upon purchase, cabbage seeds are dyed in different colors(it is more correct to call them coated, granulated or glazed), this indicates that the manufacturer has already taken care of them in advance and carried out a complete pre-sowing preparation. Therefore, no action is required with them. Landing should be done dry.

Video: soaking cabbage seeds

What soil to plant

Important! For planting, you can not take the soil from the site where cruciferous crops (rutabaga, turnip, radish, horseradish) grew, as they have common diseases.

Sowing cabbage seeds must be carried out in a light and nutritious substrate, which will enable the plants to fully develop. The best option would be to buy ready ground for seedlings of cabbage, where the composition of the soil is completely balanced and has a neutral level of acidity in the range of 6.5-7 pH.

You can also prepare the necessary soil for planting cabbage yourself by mixing the following components:

Important! Should not be applied to the ground nitrogen fertilizers and humus, as this can lead to excessive growth of the above-ground part and further lodging of seedlings.

In addition, it is recommended to disinfect the substrate from pathogens of fungal diseases before planting cabbage. To do this, a few days before sowing, it is necessary to shed the soil with a working solution of the drug (according to the instructions) or a rich pink infusion of potassium permanganate.

And then it is desirable to sift the substrate and carefully loosen it in order to increase its air and moisture permeability.

landing tanks

For planting cabbage for seedlings, you can use wooden or plastic crates and pallets, but there are also other containers that are worth paying attention to. To understand their advantages and disadvantages, you should familiarize yourself with them in advance.

Important! The most important thing is that there are drainage holes at the bottom of the landing container.

• Containers made of wood or plastic. This type of container has been used for planting seeds for a very long time due to its ease of use. Wooden structures can be completely built independently, without extra costs. They are suitable for both sowing and picking seedlings in the future. The disadvantage of containers is that it can be damaged during transplantation. root system. It is also impossible to get one plant without affecting the neighboring one. In addition, these structures are quite heavy.
• Plastic cups. They are also very popular with gardeners due to their low cost and reusable use. In addition, sowing in such containers allows you to extract plants without damaging the roots, which reduces stress during transplantation. But this type of container has a number of disadvantages. The cups do not have drainage holes, so you need to make them yourself, and you also need to purchase additional trays to water the plants. In addition to all this, they do not have stability and need additional devices when transporting seedlings to their summer cottage.

100-200 ml cups will be enough.

• Not so long ago, a type of landing tank appeared. Often sold at the same time with a pallet and a lid, which makes it easier for the gardener. It is a separate cell connected into a single whole, which allows you to plant plants immediately separately. They have drainage holes and are easily cut with scissors if necessary. When transplanting, the root system is not damaged. The disadvantage is that they break easily and are inconvenient during further transportation of seedlings.

• Peat tablets. The best option for growing seedlings, allowing you to grow strong seedlings with a well-developed root system. For planting, it is necessary to soak the tablets for 7 minutes in water until completely swollen. They are nutritious compressed peat, placed in a special shell, which completely dissolves when planted in the ground. This allows you to land in the ground without damaging the root. The disadvantage is high price and the need frequent watering, as the moisture from the substrate quickly evaporates. Transportation will require additional equipment.

By the way! Cabbage can be sown for seedlings and in banks For more information about this method, see the following video:

What scheme to follow when landing

Planting should be carried out taking into account the fact that plants will need free space in the future for full development. Therefore, you should not thicken the crops too much.

Advice! It makes sense to sow thicker only in order to leave the strongest sprouts later. And they need not be pulled out, but cut off with scissors.

If you are going to dive, then you need to place the seeds in a common container at a distance of 1.5-2 cm from each other and with a row spacing of 3-4 cm.

And if you plant the seeds in a common container at a distance of 5-10 cm in a checkerboard pattern, then seedlings can be grown without picking.

Of course, it is ideal to sow immediately in separate containers so as not to carry out a pick in the future, because cabbage does not really like it, especially cauliflower.

Important! The thickening of crops is the cause of weak and elongated seedlings of cabbage, and can also cause the development of various diseases.

Video: we prepare seeds and sow cabbage for seedlings

Immediate fit

When planting cabbage seeds for seedlings, it is necessary to consistently perform actions. This will help prevent serious blunders that can negatively affect the plants in the future.

Step-by-step instruction sowing cabbage seeds for seedlings:

• Pour the prepared substrate into the planting containers (2/3).
• Water it abundantly and wait until the water is completely absorbed and the soil settles.
• Make rows 1 cm deep and spread the seeds.
• Sprinkle with earth on top.
• Moisten the top of the substrate with a spray bottle.
• Cover with a transparent lid or film to keep the moisture inside.
• Put the containers on the window and ensure the temperature of the content is up to + 18 ... + 22 degrees (less for white cabbage, more for color).

Video: a proven method of sowing cabbage for seedlings (white cabbage)

Note! Serious differences in sowing and growing various kinds there is no cabbage, but there are some small nuances, especially cauliflower (it is more thermophilic).

You might want to watch the following videos:

Video: especially growing and sowing Beijing cabbage for seedlings

Video: sowing and growing cauliflower seedlings - the subtleties of the process

Features of further care and cultivation of seedlings of cabbage

To grow healthy seedlings cabbage at home, you need to create optimal conditions. Otherwise, the seedlings will have an unsightly pale appearance.

Temperature regime

Remember! Cabbage is a cold-resistant plant. The only exception is cauliflower: it needs more room conditions but also too high temperatures she can't stand it.

As soon as the cabbage seedlings hatch and friendly shoots appear, the temperature of the content must be set in this range ( recommended for white cabbage and other types of cabbage, except for cauliflower ): during the day - + 14-18 degrees, and at night - + 8-12 degrees. This mode will help to restrain the excessive growth of the above-ground part (prevent it from stretching) and will allow you to build up the root system.

Therefore, it is advisable to take containers with seedlings to a balcony or loggia. Or, if you only have a window sill, then slightly open the windows, setting them to the winter ventilation mode.

In general, as a rule, trays with cabbage seedlings are placed in a greenhouse.

And here is the seedling cauliflower does not tolerate low temperatures, so for her successful cultivation the temperature both during the day and at night should be 4-6 degrees higher, i.e. during the day - + 18-22 degrees, at night - + 14-18 degrees.

Interesting! Does cauliflower really exist? different colors, but it got its name not because of this, but because we eat exactly the flowers (tightly pressed buds) of this plant, and not the leaves.

Lighting

Cabbage is a photophilous crop, so any slight dimming can lead to the death of seedlings. For the full growth of cabbage seedlings, daylight hours should be within 12-15 hours.

landing tanks with seedlings should be placed on the southern windowsill, or at least in the southwest or southeast. And in the evening or morning hours, if possible, provide backlighting phytolamps.

Watering and humidity

Watering cabbage planted on seedlings should be carried out as the topsoil dries up, avoiding overflow, as well as drying out of the roots. In this case, water should not fall on the leaves.

Note! Cabbage seedlings are strictly forbidden to be watered with cold water, only warm or at least room temperature. Optimal water for irrigation - it is rain or melt water. Ordinary running water, passed through a filter and settled for 24-48 hours at home at room temperature, will go for watering cabbage.

top dressing

In order for cabbage seedlings to be strong and healthy, fertilizers must be applied. This will help her to develop more actively and fully.

However, if you initially prepared nutrient soil (with humus or compost, wood ash), then in principle no additional top dressing is required. Of course, if appearance plants will not require otherwise.

Cabbage seedlings are fed in the following order:

• at the stage of appearance of 2 cotyledon leaves (7-10 days after germination);
• 10-14 days after the first (in the phase of 2 true leaves);
• 10-14 days before planting in open ground.

By the way! If you grow with a pick, then the first top dressing should be done 7-14 days after it has been carried out.

First feeding You can do yeast infusion. Dissolve 10 grams of dry yeast in 1 liter of water, add 3-4 tbsp. tablespoons of sugar, let it brew for 4-6 hours and pour under the root.

The second top dressing should contain lots of nitrogen. For example, you can pour herbal infusion (for example, from nettles) or use mineral fertilizers (for example, ammonium nitrate or urea).

You also don’t want to bother, then it is recommended to use cabbage seedlings to feed complex mineral fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in equal proportions. Or prepare such top dressing from different fertilizers, for example, for 1 liter, taking 3-4 g of urea, 3-4 g of superphosphate and 3 g of potassium sulfate.

Video: how to care for cabbage shoots

Picking seedlings of cabbage

The picking procedure involves planting plants in separate and more spacious containers.

A pick of cabbage seedlings is needed only if the seeds were sown in one common container and the seedlings began to run out of space. In general, cabbage does not like picking very much, because. the procedure causes severe stress for the root system of the plant.

When to carry out picking cabbage? The main condition is the appearance of 2 true leaves in the seedlings.

When picking, cabbage seedlings should be deepened to the first pair of cotyledon leaves in order to form a strong root system.

Immediately after picking, for a couple of days, it is recommended to transfer the seedlings to a warmer room with an air temperature of +18..+22 degrees. This will make it easier for seedlings to get used to (more precisely, to recover) and take root in new conditions.

Video: how to dive seedlings of cabbage

About picking cabbage when growing seedlings in a greenhouse see the following video:

Problems in growing cabbage seedlings

Sometimes the most harmless mistakes in caring for seedlings lead to the appearance of diseases: overflow, lack of lighting, fever content. The most common problems when growing cabbage are:

• Cabbage seedlings turn yellow. There may be several reasons. So, the leaves may turn yellow due to deficiencies in the soil of elements such as phosphorus (then the leaves turn yellow on the underside and may acquire a red-violet hue), potassium (the tips of the leaves turn yellow), iron (they turn yellow throughout the base). Yellowness can also appear from excessive nutrition - an overdose of fertilizers. To correct such situations, the earth should be shed with water or completely transplanted into new soil.

• At the seedlings of cabbage leaves curly. Typically, this occurs due to bright sun on the window and from waterlogging of the soil combined with the dryness of the air in the room. With good humidity and moderate temperature, curly hair should go away. You can additionally feed with humic fertilizers, for example, Gumi, Potassium Humate, etc.
• Cabbage seedlings are rotting. As a rule, rotting is caused due to the appearance of seedlings black leg. In the affected seedling, it first darkens and rots. Bottom part stem, then a constriction is formed at this place, the plant dies and lies down. To prevent such an outcome, it is necessary to first disinfect the soil. If this was not done or the disease still appeared, then it is worth removing all infected seedlings, and shedding the earth with a solution of potassium permanganate (3-4 g per 10 liters of water), after which the seedlings should not be watered for a week.

• Cabbage seedlings are stretched. The main reasons are insufficient daylight hours and incorrect temperature regime. But seedlings can stretch even when good lighting, if the planting density is too high, because of which not all plants in sufficient enough light. Naturally, without the recommended temperature regime, the normal development of seedlings should not be expected.

• Other diseases. In addition to the black leg, seedlings can be affected phomosis (dry rot), clubroot and many other very dangerous and destructive diseases.

To prevent the occurrence of these problems and diseases of seedlings, it is enough to follow all the recommendations for processing seeds and soil before planting, as well as to properly care for plantings.

Video: prevention and treatment of cabbage seedling diseases

Terms of planting seedlings of cabbage in open ground and greenhouse

Advice! 10-14 weeks before planting cabbage in open ground, seedlings should harden- first, just open the window in the room for a couple of hours, and then take it out to the greenhouse for 3-4 hours. In the last days before planting in the garden, containers can be left directly in the garden (if the weather allows).

Planting cabbage seedlings in open ground or a greenhouse should be carried out when the seedlings have 3-6 true leaves. Cabbage can survive small frosts, so you should not wait until they pass, but plant as soon as it warms up to plus values.

Video: planting cabbage seedlings in open ground

Video: growing secrets strong seedlings cabbage

In contact with

" Cabbage

Today, cabbage is one of the most important and necessary horticultural crops. It is grown from seedlings at home. Planting dates and proper care at home for the latter largely ensure the quality of the future harvest. Unfortunately, purchased seedlings often leave much to be desired, and were grown contrary to all technologies. It is not known from what planting material. That is why it is best to plant and grow cabbage on your own, personally controlling the whole process. This article will show you the step by step process.

The timing of sowing seeds can vary significantly depending on the specific region and its climatic conditions. As a rule, they begin to do this business in the second half of March. May is usually too late. However, it is worth considering the characteristics of the selected varieties, as well as the ripening time. Often, gardeners resort to tricks and do not sow all the material at once, but do it gradually (over several days). This allows you to extend the harvest time.

Cabbage grows fast enough. When sowing early cabbage, it must be taken into account that it must be planted at a permanent place of growth at the age of 30 to 40 days. For mid-ripening varieties, this period is somewhat longer - 40-50 days, and for late-ripening varieties it can even be 2 months. In addition, up to 1 week the seedlings will need to germinate. For another 1 week, the rooting of the transplanted seedlings will take place. Thus, you can accurately calculate the timing of when to plant cabbage specifically for your region.

Planting cabbage seeds in boxes

Favorable days for planting cabbage according to the lunar calendar

There are certain days in the lunar calendar on which it is best to sow cabbage. It is believed that if all the procedures are carried out at this particular time, the plant will grow better, get sick less and give an excellent harvest.

For each type of cabbage, as well as regarding the timing of its ripening moon calendar has certain auspicious days in each month. It is associated with a certain phase of the moon. This calendar changes every year. In 2017, such lucky days are provided:

White and red cabbage, savoy cabbage, kohlrabi:

Redhead:

Broccoli for pickling:

Broccoli without picks

Planting Chinese cabbage:

Successful for early cabbage are March 15, 25 and 26, for medium - 1, 2, and also April 7-10. As for late varieties, they are sown in the same period as the middle ones. During the period of the full moon or the new moon, sowing cannot be carried out at all.

How can I plant cabbage for seedlings in the ground in May

Cabbage is considered an unpretentious crop. But the future harvest depends on the care and availability of practical skills in growing seedlings. So that it is not scarce, you need to choose the right soil, as well as create the most comfortable conditions for plant growth.

Preparing the soil mixture for sowing and growing seedlings

Absolutely all types of cabbage love loose soil. That is why it is necessary to introduce peat into its composition. It can be mixed with sand, as well as humus or decomposed compost. You can also add wood ash to the mixture.

Soil for planting seedlings can be purchased both ready-made in the store, and prepared independently. Only after the mixture is obtained, it must be disinfected. Lots of ways to do this. The most common, affordable and simple is to ignite in the oven at a temperature of 200 degrees for 15 minutes.

Sometimes a microwave is used for the above procedure, turning it on at full power and keeping the time for 5 minutes.

The soil mixture for cabbage should be loose mixed with peat

Presowing preparation of seeds at home and the required temperature

Now let's talk about instructions on how to care for the seeds until planting. Regardless of what type of cabbage you are going to plant, the pre-treatment of the seeds will be the same. First of all, they need to be sorted and selected those with a diameter of at least 1.5 mm. After that, gauze is taken, folded into three layers, and the selected seeds are wrapped in it.

The resulting package is lowered into a thermos with water heated to 45-50 degrees, kept there for 15 minutes. Then the seeds in gauze are lowered for a couple of minutes in cold water, take out and leave in a damp cloth for another two days.

If the seeds were purchased in a specialized store, then most likely they have already passed all the stages. pre-training and no longer need one. The only thing that is recommended to do is to keep them in damp gauze for a couple of days. This procedure will speed up the emergence of seedlings in the future, since the seeds will already be well swollen and ready to sprout.

Cabbage seeds must be the correct size with no visible defects

Step-by-step sowing technique at home

Seeds are sown depending on whether it is planned to dive seedlings or not. If planned, then you can sow in a common box or other suitable container.

If no picking is planned, then sowing is carried out immediately in separate containers (pots or cups, peat tablets).

When choosing a picking method, it is necessary to prepare boxes with a depth of at least 4 centimeters. A layer of prepared soil mixture is poured into them, the thickness of which is 3-4 centimeters. At a distance of 3 centimeters from each other, small grooves are made about 1 centimeter deep. Cabbage seeds are sown in them, the distance between which should also be about 1 centimeter. At the end, sowing is sprinkled with earth.

Proper care of planted seeds

After the cabbage has been sown, the container is placed on a well-lit windowsill. The minimum air temperature in the room should be between 18-20 degrees. After 5 days, the first shoots should appear. After that, the box is moved to the most well-lit place. The temperature should be reduced to 10-12 degrees. Otherwise, the seedlings will be strongly stretched.

Initially, seedlings do not add much in growth, but then the pace increases significantly. Three weeks later, the third leaf begins to appear. It should be noted that the temperature regime for cauliflower should be increased by 6 degrees in comparison with other varieties.

Cabbage seedlings are very demanding on lighting. IN spring period When it gets dark early and dawns late, you need to take care of additional lighting. This can be done with an LED or phytolamp. Light day thus should be at least 12 hours.

Incandescent lamps cannot be used, because there is almost no benefit from their light, but the air is additionally heated.

Planting should be watered as it dries upper layer soil. Lack or excess of moisture can destroy seedlings. To avoid this, the soil should be periodically loosened. Watering is carried out only with settled water, heated to room temperature.

As the seedlings grow, they need to be fed. A week after picking, you can add a solution of ammonium nitrate, potash fertilizer and superphosphate in a ratio of 2: 1: 4 grams per 1 liter of water. After another couple of weeks, you can re-feed, but the amount of fertilizer per liter of water is doubled. If necessary, a few days before planting on the garden, a third top dressing is also carried out. The proportions are the same as for the first.

Before planting cabbage, it must be well hardened. To do this, every day it is taken out for several hours in the open air and under open sunlight. The first takeaway is done for an hour, and then the time is increased. Before disembarking, you can leave the boxes for the whole day. Watering is stopped a week before transplanting to the garden, but in no case should plants be allowed to wilt.

Growing your own seedlings is troublesome, but fully justifies itself. Only in this way can you get strong and healthy seedlings of a certain variety, as well as harden it well and properly prepare it for planting in open ground. Often, when buying a ready-made crop on the market, we notice that it gets sick for a long time, takes root poorly and does not subsequently give a proper harvest. Yes, and with a variety you can miss. You can grow your own seedlings according to all the rules, harden them and get best result by productivity. Yes, and it looks initially many times better than the purchased one.

There are many types and varieties of cabbage. The greatest distribution in Russia is in white cabbage. Early varieties are used for summer salads, cabbage soup, cabbage rolls, late varieties are used for pickled and fresh storage.

1. Redhead - possesses high content vitamins and carotene in comparison with its white relative.
2. Color - rich in proteins and trace elements, good as a dietary product.
3. Broccoli is a storehouse of vitamins - they begin complementary foods for infants with it.
4. Savoy - loose curly heads of very tender cabbage, beautiful in everything, but rarely grown.
5. Kohlrabi - an overgrown stalk with a very delicate and sweet taste, ideal for summer salads, late varieties are well stored.
6. Brussels is a champion in nutrients, however, due to the long growing period, it is a real rarity.
7. Beijing - resembles a head lettuce, the leaves are tender and loose, very early.
8. Chinese - headless cabbage, eat young leaves with petioles.
9. Kale is a kale that can be used as an ornamental because of its unusual curly leaves.

All species can be grown through seedlings, some varieties are sown directly into the ground. However, each species has its own requirements for soil and planting conditions.

Photo gallery: types of cabbage

white cabbage different terms ripening can be used from June to the new year red cabbage much richer in minerals, excellent for salads and in salting Kohlrabi is a juicy stalk, used mainly fresh, you can grow several crops per season Cauliflower can be not only white, but also purple, and salad-colored broccoli is very tasty and healthy , can give several harvests from one root Loose and curly heads of Savoy cabbage are very tasty in salads, cabbage soup and cabbage rolls The latest of the cabbages - Brussels sprouts - grows until November, withstands frosts down to -8 Chinese cabbage no more difficult to grow than white cabbage, can be grown in spring and additionally in autumn
Chinese cabbage does not form heads, is consumed fresh Ornamental cabbage is used in flower beds

It is highly undesirable to grow seedlings in conditions warm apartment. If it is not possible to plant under the film in a lighted area, then put the seedlings on a bright, cool balcony. Only cauliflower requires a warmer content.

Preparing for landing in open ground

Days for 7-10 greenhouse seedlings you need to start tempering and accustoming to the open air. The first 2 days you simply lower the temperature in the greenhouse for 3 hours, this can be done by opening the window or lifting the edge of the film, it all depends on how the seedlings are grown.

For the next 3 days, you need to accustom the plant to the sun, taking it out into the open air under the sun's rays, while on the first day it is better to shade the plants with gauze. Acceptance time sunbathing- 1.5–2 hours, gradually increasing the duration.

From the fifth - sixth day, we slightly reduce watering and leave it for a full day and night, of course, following the weather. The temperature should not fall below zero degrees, and in this case it is better to bring the cauliflower seedlings into heat or cover.

Strong and good seedlings should have 4-5 true leaves. It is desirable to grow each seedling in an individual cup or cell.

Cabbage seedlings are best grown in small cells

Planting time for seedlings

Cabbage is a cold-resistant plant, it can withstand even slight frosts down to -3–5 degrees, so it can be planted in the ground quite early, but cauliflower drop only when there is no threat return frosts. In any case, if you cover the plants planted in the ground with lutrasil, you will not only save them from sudden frosts, but also protect them from the cruciferous flea.

To get the most early harvests planted early maturing varieties: white, red, colored, broccoli and kohlrabi. After 2 weeks, mid-ripening varieties are planted and after another 2 weeks - late-ripening.

In a cold summer, kohlrabi can be planted all summer, regularly getting fresh cabbage to the table.

Some varieties of kohlrabi can be sown in the middle of summer, getting good stalks by the end of autumn for long-term storage. Also, in 2 planting terms, you can grow early Chinese cabbage.

Site preparation

Cabbage is a very moisture-loving plant, in addition, it loves the sun, so the choice of planting site must be approached responsibly.

Place for a garden

When choosing a place for a garden bed, it should be noted that it should not be planted after cruciferous plants, which include cabbage itself, radish, radish, as well as green manure such as mustard, rapeseed, oilseed radish and colza. By planting cabbage without observing crop rotation, you can get a poor harvest due to diseases and pests: keel and cruciferous flea.

Cabbage root damaged by clubroot - the plant withers, does not grow

It is advised to return cabbage to such beds no earlier than after 2-3 years. But if it is not possible to grow in a new place, then in without fail 1-2 buckets of compost are poured into the seedling holes.

The best predecessors for cabbage are: potatoes, tomatoes, onion, all pumpkin (cucumber, zucchini, squash and pumpkin). Good Predecessors: potatoes, carrots and beets, beans and peas, peppers and eggplant.

Choose an open and sunny site for a garden bed with loamy soil.

Garden preparation

Each type of cabbage requires a certain amount of space, depending on the size it grows to. This should be taken into account when forming beds.

Large large cabbages grow from small plants, so do not spare space for them

The best width of the beds for cabbage is from 70 centimeters. On narrower beds, it is good to plant kohlrabi or Beijing.

Soil preparation

In traditional farming, a deep and thorough spring digging of the soil is recommended, with a minimum of 1 bucket of compost added to it for each square meter beds. If the soil in the area is acidic, then we additionally add 1-2 cups of chalk or dolomite flour. Directly into the wells add 1 teaspoon of ash and ½ teaspoon of nitrophoska.

IN natural farming they don’t dig the soil for the plant, but simply make large holes, up to 70 cm in diameter, and add rotted compost or soil with warm beds from under the cucumbers. Mineral fertilizers do not apply

How to plant seedlings of cabbage in open ground

The beds are made, the soil is prepared and well spilled - it's time to plant hardened seedlings in the ground.

First you need to make holes, the distance between which depends on the type of plant. You can plant both in a checkerboard pattern and in rows.

Table - distance between holes for different types of cabbage

The timing of planting cabbage ranges from the end of April to the beginning of June. It is better to choose a cloudy day, and if the weather is clear, then plant in the evening.

An hour before transplanting, seedlings are well watered with water, you can add HB 101 (1 drop per liter of water) or dilute heteroauxin or root according to the instructions - it helps to restore damaged roots.

Transplant stages

1. In accordance with the table, dig holes for seedlings. Watered with water.

   Mark out a bed for cabbage, make holes in it

2. Seedlings are pulled out of the seedling box and divided into individual plants, choosing the largest, most powerful and healthy. In cauliflower, seedlings with 6 leaves are considered overgrown and will not give a good harvest.

   Seedlings grown in one container are often damaged when planted in the ground

3. If the seedlings are in individual cassettes, then they are simply pulled out of the cells.

   Hardened cabbage grown in individual cups continues to grow without getting sick

4. Each sprout is planted in a hole and covered with earth, while deepening the cabbage to the cotyledon leaves.

   Cabbage is planted in the ground, deepening to the cotyledon leaves

5. Lightly watered so that the earth settled, and sprinkled with mulch (dry earth, peat, chopped organic matter).
6. To protect against mice or bears, they wear plastic rings.

When planting seedlings from a common box, damage to the roots is inevitable, so watch the wilted plants, make them shade for a few days.

Video - planting early cabbage

Care

cabbage enough unpretentious plant, the main steps to good harvest are timely watering, top dressing, loosening, as well as pest control. For cauliflower, it is also important to shade the resulting head; for this, it is usually covered with a broken leaf.

Watering

Cabbage is very demanding on moisture in the soil. Water it in the first week after planting should be every day a liter per plant. In the next 2 weeks, water every 3 days, depending on the weather, using 8 liters of water per square meter. In the future, watering is needed once a week at 10-15 liters per meter. IN hot weather it is very good to do sprinkling from a watering can, refreshing the plant in the morning and evening. Be sure to check to what depth you were able to wet the soil. IN rainy summer less irrigation.

Drip irrigation cabbage allows you to maintain the necessary moisture

Such actions as mulching and drip irrigation have proven themselves very well. Various organic parts of plants are used as mulch: chopped weeds or green manure, hay, straw, wood chips. Drip irrigation helps to maintain moisture in the soil constantly.

top dressing

For cabbage, 3 or even 4 top dressings are carried out per season. Be sure to do all top dressing on moist soil, that is, first they shed the plant, and then fertilizer was poured under each root, otherwise you will simply burn the roots.

The first fertilization starts 2 weeks after planting the seedlings in the ground. Usually at this time, nitrogen supplements are used: diluted mullein or bird droppings in a ratio of 1:20. Under each plant, you need to add at least half a liter of solution.

If there is no organic matter, then mineral supplements are used, diluting 10 grams of urea and 15 grams of potassium monophosphate in a bucket of water.

The second top dressing after another 2 weeks with the same fertilizers, but already in large volumes - up to 1 liter per plant.

The third dressing is carried out only for medium and late varieties after another 2 weeks (45 days from planting in the ground). In 10 liters of water, 0.5 liters of mullein are bred, chicken manure or Orgavita ( horse dung) with the addition of 15 grams of potassium monophosphate. Under each plant poured already 1.5 liters of solution. It helps rapid growth head of cabbage

For the latest, the fourth feeding is carried out 2 months after planting. The composition and amount of fertilizer - as the previous one.

Loosening landings

After each watering, loosen the top crust of the earth. However, mulched soil with a sufficient amount of organic matter does not need this process. Therefore, to facilitate the cultivation of cabbage, it is better to use mulch.

Mulching the beds allows you not to loosen them after each watering joint planting with cabbage

Pest control

Not only we love cabbage, but also a large number of pests.

Sits on seedlings in spring cabbage fly and cruciferous flea, in summer - cabbage white and its offspring - caterpillars, and in autumn we fight aphids.

The cabbage fly lays larvae at the root of the plant, which then hatch and bite into the stem, damaging and oppressing the cabbage. cruciferous flea on a leaf of cabbage Cabbage whitefish lays eggs on the underside of the leaf, caterpillars harm cabbage Cabbage white caterpillar eats leaves, sometimes climbs inside a head of cabbage Aphids on cabbage most often appear closer to autumn on old leaves

Diseases of cabbage - keel and black leg, the prevention of which is crop rotation.

plant neighbors

To reduce the number of pests, as well as to increase the yield from a certain area of ​​\u200b\u200bland, it is advised to carry out joint plantings.

small and early views, such as kohlrabi, Beijing can be planted with cucumbers in the same garden. It is good to plant early cabbage with late-ripening crops: root celery, beets. Late-ripening varieties are compacted on the contrary, with early crops: lettuce, radish, peas. It is very important to select plants with the same moisture requirements.

Most often, marigolds are planted with cabbage; with their pungent smell, these flowers drive away many pests.

For example, garlic is very good neighbor for cabbage - it drives away many pests, but it is better to plant it along the edge of the garden bed so that it does not water again.

Good pest repellers are dill, marigold, leaf celery, fennel, spinach, calendula, basil. They can be planted directly among the seedlings.

Video - Care Secrets

To be healthy, you need to eat cabbage every day. The very first at the beginning of summer appears cauliflower, kohlrabi, cabbage. Behind them you can enjoy broccoli, Beijing, Savoy cabbage. Using different varieties, the ripening period of cabbage stretches for the whole summer and autumn, and kohlrabi, Brussels sprout and Peking can be sown in the summer, getting fresh harvest autumn and storing it until winter. Brussels sprouts are the last to ripen, growing even when the temperature drops to -5 degrees.