Rules for planting carrots in spring in open ground with seeds: how and when to plant, care. Burying seeds in the soil

Carrot is a herbaceous plant of small stature, belonging to the biennial group. During the first year of its “life”, the culture strengthens its root system, the vegetative part, a thickening occurs, which contains a huge amount of substances. During the second year, the generative part is formed. She is responsible for reproduction. The yield of this root crop depends on many factors: right sort, climate conditions, proper fit and care.

About what they are, indicated in this article.

Planting process

When fertilizers have been applied to the intended site for planting seeds, it is worth digging grooves of not great depth. It will be 2 cm. A distance of at least 20 cm must be observed between these grooves. Seeds should be crushed before sowing. Thanks to such actions, you will be able to clean them of bristles. Sprinkle the sifted seeds with earth, and then tamp.

If the seed ripening process takes place at an air temperature of 16-18 degrees, then it will be possible to get the first result in 14 days. The main advantage of this planting material is that, being in the ground, they are able to tolerate minor frosts. If the thermometer reads 4 degrees, then the seeds will be able to survive. If it becomes known that a long cold is approaching, it will lead to intensive flowering of the root crop.

Mentioned in this article.

On the video - growing carrots in the open field:

Carrot belongs to a plant that loves light very much. When planting seeds in a darkened area, you risk reducing the yield and taste of the finished vegetable.

care process

In order to receive excellent harvest carrots, you need to correctly draw up a plan for caring for root crops. This process involves a set of measures: the preparatory stage of the soil and planting, watering, loosening, subcorking, pest control.

Watering

Upon completion of planting carrots, it is necessary to saturate the kidney with water 2 times a week. Such actions should be performed until the planting material appears from under the ground. Further watering is carried out once a week.

Watering the soil at an early stage is carried out to a depth of 10 cm. As the root crops grow, the depth reaches 20 cm. Due to abundant watering, carrots will begin to grow deeper, consuming moisture from there. With surface watering, the fruit will begin to acquire shoots on the sides. This will lead to worse appearance root crop, and also it will not be able to be stored for a long time. It is not recommended to water the plant 3 weeks before harvesting, as this will lead to cracking.

thinning

In order for the root crop to turn out to be of normal size, not to be ugly, then it is worth performing such a type of care as thinning out. You can start such actions after 2-3 leaves appear from under the ground. It is advisable to thin out once in one season.

loosening

After thinning has been carried out, you can begin to loosen the earth. Thanks to such measures, the formation of a green head in the product can be eliminated.

Mulching

So that the root crop is not damaged during loosening, the soil must be mulched with fine grass, chopped on a grass cutter. The thickness of the mulch layer will be 1.5 cm. As the length of the root increases, the thickness of the layer increases. If everything is done correctly, then you can be sure that a crust will not appear on the surface of the earth, water will evaporate less, weeds will not grow, and root crops will constantly receive the right portion of oxygen.

top dressing

It is impossible to get a high yield of carrots without top dressing. For these purposes, you can use ash, mullein and chicken manure. Dilute mullein with water in a ratio of 1:10, chicken manure - 1:30. Add 250 g of ash to the resulting solution. Fertilize 2 times throughout the season. The first time - after 2 weeks after the emergence of the plant, and the second - 14 days after the first feeding.

Pest Elimination

Root crops have one important and terrible enemy, the carrot fly. To prevent its occurrence, it is necessary to remove all existing vegetation after thinning. As a preventive measure, plant onions around the perimeter and leave dill umbrellas. To prevent rotting of carrots, it is worth constantly monitoring watering. In this case, it is better not to add than to overfill.

On the video - carrots: cultivation and care in the open field:

Necessary agricultural technology

Agrotechnics for obtaining a high quality carrot crop is simple. Soil requirements are not high. It is worth sowing planting material in the fall, since carrots are not intended for long-term storage, or in the spring after the snow melts.

No matter what time was chosen for sowing, the soil for cultivation is prepared in the fall. Deep digging is carried out in the selected area. Humus is introduced and lumps of earth are thoroughly crushed. Fresh litter is allowed to be added after 6 months before sowing. It allowed to accumulate nitrates and reduce the keeping quality of the crop.

The video tells how to properly grow carrots in the open field:

When non-granular planting material is used during sowing, it is advisable to carry out preparation here. Seeds can very often contain pacifiers. In order to prevent them from falling into the ground, it is worth using some methods to extract them:

1. With an ebonite stick. To do this, it is enough to move it over the seeds and those that are spoiled will simply stick to it.
2. planting material put in water, and seeds suitable for sowing will fall to the bottom. After this check, dry the seeds.

Before planting, you need to soak the seed in water. Keep it there for half an hour. The presented culture is very fond of sunlight. The process of growing carrots can occur along the perimeter of the beds with onions and garlic. It is allowed to plant cabbage near it. But after harvesting, planting cabbage is not recommended, as it will become oppressed.

Varieties

When choosing suitable variety carrots must be taken into account that they are divided according to ripening time into early, medium and late.

Early

This variety is worth choosing for a quick harvest. The resulting root crop is not intended for long-term storage. It must be eaten immediately.

The best varieties include:

• Amsterdam;
• Lenochka;
• Darling;
• Nantes;
• Orange Muscat;
• Parisian cartel;
• Shantenay 2461;

Late

The duration of storage of the crop depends on the timing of ripening. The later the harvest occurs, the longer it can be stored. This collection includes the following varieties:

• Alenka;
• Berlicum Royal;
• Dolyanka;
• Gold autumn;
• Emperor;
• Red giant.

Varieties of long-term storage

If you are going to store carrots in the winter, then you need to pay attention to the following varieties:

• Biryuchekutskaya;
• Vitamin-6;
• Gueranda;
• Gross;
• Cardinal;
• Queen of autumn;
• Losinoostrovskaya 13.

The sweetest varieties

The presented varieties are grown for the preparation of baby food. Carrots contain a large amount of carotene and sugar. Such a root crop should also be consumed by people who are very long time are at the computer. To get the sweetest carrots, you should buy these varieties:

• Children's sweetness;
• Children's joy;
• Emperor;
• Carotan;
• Beauty girl;
• Darling;
• Nastena;
• Orange friend.

Varieties for Siberia

To plant carrots in Siberia, it is necessary to focus on those varieties that are not afraid of the harsh climate. This should include:

1. Shantane. Planting material refers to late-ripening. The finished crop can weigh 250 g, has a conical shape. With proper care and cultivation, it is possible to obtain an even and beautiful root crop. It does not crack, is able to be stored for a long time, resists various ailments.
2. Nantes. This variety is included in the group of mid-season. It has a cone-shaped handicap. Before ripening, the top of the carrot turns green or purple. Ready carrots are even and smooth, have an orange tint. variety can resist different types rot, perfectly stored.
3. Losinoostrovskaya 13. Also belongs to the group of mid-season. The mass of the finished root crop is 180 g. The shape of the carrot has the form of a cylinder with a pointed or blunt tip. The core and pulp are presented in one color solution. The taste of the product is very juicy, tender and sweet.

On the video - the secrets of growing carrots in the open field:

secrets

If you decide to start growing carrots in open buds, then in order to get a good result, it is important to know a few tricks. They will help you get the highest quality and fastest results:

1. Manure should not be used as fertilizer. In this case, you will get branchy and tasteless root crops.
2. For more uniform sowing of planting material, it is necessary to mix it with sand in a ratio of 1: 1.
3. To reduce the consumption of seeds, it is worth sticking them with a cluster of starch on thin pieces of paper. Keep a distance of 5 cm between the seeds. During planting, you just need to roll out the tape in the furrow and sprinkle it with earth.
4. To get an early harvest, it is worth sowing seeds before winter. Then the harvest will be stored for a long time.
5. To obtain large root crops, it is necessary to make the distance between plants large.
6. During harvesting, clean the strip gently with your hands, do not hit the ground or each other.
7. The product should be stored in a dark, cool place, and the tops should be trimmed.

If you follow all the recommendations presented for the care and cultivation of carrots in an open bud, you can be guaranteed to get a tasty and juicy root crop, which will be stored for a long time. In addition, you can sow not one variety, but several, which will allow you to get a varied harvest.

If you think about basic set vegetables on the site of a novice summer resident, then potatoes, tomatoes and, of course, carrots come to mind.

Planting at least one bed of carrots is an indispensable concern for a summer resident.

And so that the favorite root crop is sweet, strong, crispy and stored for a long time, gardeners are preparing to sow carrots in the spring in open ground long before the onset of spring, choosing the seeds of productive varieties.

For thousands of years, mankind has been cultivating carrots, breeding varieties that are immune to diseases, of various shapes and sizes, with different sowing and ripening dates, adapted to the climate conditions of a particular region.

Therefore, the technology of growing carrots, while remaining traditional in the basic principles, is overgrown with many nuances from breeders, tricks and secrets from craftsmen - gardeners.

Fundamental Principles This article is devoted to the details of growing carrots in the open field.

When choosing carrot seeds of the best varieties for open ground, you need to know what to expect from the harvest: fresh juices from freshly harvested fruits or keeping the crop in the cellar.

All varieties of carrots for open ground are divided into groups according to common parameters: carrot sizes (length-diameter, fruit shape).

Varieties of carrots in Russia:

Pharaoh is a fruit with parameters of 150 mm x 25 mm, covered with the thinnest skin, which is not necessary to remove.

This sweet, fragile fruit, which ripens in the first half of summer, is not suitable for transportation and will not be stored, but children's vegetable food and vitamin juices are made from it.

Parisian carotele - rounded fruits about 100 mm - a storehouse of carotene.

Popular with summer residents "Alenka" and "Polar Cranberry".

Nantes. This group of varieties is represented in all categories of harvest time (early, medium, late).

In long (300 mm), strong (40 mm in diameter) fruits, there is a very small core, relative to the total diameter, enclosed in the pulp of excellent taste.

1. "Berlikum" - 25 cm cones with a diameter of 50 mm abound in carotene.

The fruits are suitable for many months of storage.

The most popular varieties in this category are Lakomka, Berlikum Royal, Bangor F1, Darina, Bastia F1, Emperor.

1. Flakke, the second name is Valeria.

Late ripe fruits for storage throughout the winter. The fruits are in the form of a long, more than 200 mm, cone with a base of 50 mm.

Cons - too large core, and very little carotene.

1. Mini. Miniature fruits for pickling and freezing whole. "Khibiny greenhouse".
2. "Shantane" - cones with parameters of 120 mm x 60 mm, have excellent keeping quality, retaining the juiciness of sweet pulp for a long time.

In addition to all kinds of variations of Shantane, this category includes Darunok F1, Abako, Beauty Maiden, Red Heart, Cascade F1, Moscow Winter, Katrina, Canterbury F1, "Abledo".

early ripe

Varieties with the most early term ripening is planted in mid-April-early May, and the crop is harvested in the first half of July.

Early-ripening fruits are not laid in the cellars for the winter, as they do not have good keeping quality, they are consumed fresh in the summer, squeezed juices, prepare children's vegetable purees.

• "Laguna F1", high yielding variety, the fruits of the saturated orange color, resistant to cracking, have a very small core and a rich content of carotene;
• "Dutch" ripens in just three months.

Mid-season

In terms of sowing and harvesting, they are closer to early ripe ones.

These summer-ripened vegetables reach gardeners' tables fresh.

Representatives of the "Nantes" group are leading in this category.

In addition to those already mentioned, popular varieties are:

• "Vitamin 6", does not crack, perfectly stored for many months;
• "Tip-Top" - very tasty conical fruits;
• "Losinoostrovskaya" - rich in carotene, sweet and bright cylindrical fruits, demanding for watering.

Mid-late and late varieties

Such carrots are sown when consistently warm days are established and you can not expect night frosts in June.

The crop is harvested in September-October, and laid in cellars and vegetable stores.

In addition to the varieties described above, one should pay attention to one of the latest achievements of breeders - "Perfection" - high-yielding, full fruit maturity in 125 days, very undemanding in care.

"Karlena" - a vegetable with increased level natural sugar is a joy for children, but unacceptable for people suffering from diabetes.

The best conditions for carrots

Carrot beds are given areas under the direct rays of the sun: a lack of light will spoil both the shape and taste of the fruit.

Precursors, useful and undesirable

Crop rotation is half the success in growing a sweet root crop.

Every year, a new territory is selected for planting carrots in open ground: for the second year in the previous beds, the vegetable will get sick, pests will overcome it - such a crop will not be stored.

You can return this culture to its old place no earlier than a four-year period.

Carrots will feel great after cabbage beds, potato plantations, cucumber bushes, zucchini, green crops, onions, garlic and the legume family, green manure.

Delicate dill and fragrant parsley, cumin with coriander, celery with parsnips are the worst succession for carrots.

Soil preparation for sowing

The taste, shape, size, ability to be stored for the prescribed period depend on the quality preparation of the soil for sowing.

Carrots require a loose, breathable, moisture-absorbing substrate without the formation of a superficial crust.

Acidity - neutral, composition - loam, sandstone.

Carrots, which need to fulfill all of the above requirements, suffer most from heavy compacted soils, that is, friability is the most important quality of the soil.

In heavy soil, the germination of carrot seeds is fundamentally lower, and the fruit is devoid of air: oxygen deficiency affects all qualities, the plant is susceptible to fungal diseases.

For sowing seeds of carrots of early ripening varieties, the ground is prepared in advance, in the autumn of the previous season, and for the remaining dates of planting carrots - in the spring, when the soil thaws.

To grow carrots in the country, a deep, at least one and a half bayonet of a shovel, digging is required with the introduction of compost, humus, rotted manure, removal of weeds, roots, stones.

Sand added to heavy soil gives friability, lightness, rotted sawdust is useful for the same purpose, and ash is a source of potassium.

A few days before landing work carefully dug up, loosened beds are leveled with a rake, every 15 cm furrows are made 2 cm deep.

The furrows are shed with boiling water and hidden under the film.

Under a film of evaporation hot water will not allow the earth to dry out and become covered with a crust.

Important to remember! In no case should fresh manure and sawdust be brought under carrot crops: the fruits will be branchy and tasteless. Nitrogen fertilizers - in a strictly specified proportion. An overdose is fraught with the accumulation of nitrates in the vegetable.

Seed preparation

Like most members of the umbrella family, carrot seeds containing essential oils for reliable protection germs from moisture, hatch for a very long time, at least three weeks.

The germination of planting material also causes a number of problems: the seeds must be fresh, not older than two years, and the percentage of germination should be two thirds of the total.

Stores sell carrot seeds in granules that have passed all stages of processing and hardening.

But no one guarantees the quality of planting material, and there are more and more claims to the germination of carrot seeds every year.

This encourages gardeners to independently cull and prepare seeds.

Rejection occurs at the end of a ten-hour soak in warm salted water.

Seeds that are unable to vegetate float on the surface, so they are easy to collect and discard.

High-quality planting material - swollen seeds lying on the bottom - are suitable for the next stage of preparation.

There are several ways to treat seeds:

• Seeds washed under running cold water are wrapped in pure material, for 15 minutes, immersed in hot, at least 60 0 water.

Rinse again in cool water, dry for a day, after which you can sow.

• Stratification is the most popular method for stimulating germination and strengthening plant immunity.

The selected seeds are wrapped with a damp cloth or napkin, placed in a closed container in the refrigerator for three days.

Before stratification, the seeds are soaked for a day in ash (a spoonful per liter of water) or about two hours in a weak manganese solution, the temperature of which is at least 30 0, renewing the liquid several times.

After - washing, drying and sowing.

• Planting material is kept for a day in a tablespoon of hydrogen peroxide diluted in a liter of water.

Liquid temperature + 40 0 ​​.

• Hardening and stimulation by contrast immersions: wrapped seeds are heated for 15-20 minutes in water + 50 0, after which they are cooled for about three minutes in cold water
• A damp cloth with seeds is dug into the ground for a week and a half.

During this time, the seeds germinate, they can be planted.

Ways to plant carrots

Classic - seeds in open ground

Carrot sowing pattern: 15 cm between furrows, 2 cm between seeds, 3 cm seed immersion depth.

Sprouted seeds are placed in the furrows after a couple of centimeters.

The lighter the soil, the deeper the seeds are planted (up to 3 cm).

By laying the seed deeper than 2 cm into a heavy substrate, an inexperienced summer resident reduces the number of shoots: not all sprouts will be able to break through such a thickness of dense soil.

Furrows level reverse side rake, compact the soil with a board, mulch with compost, humus.

The mulching layer will protect the soil from crusting and, standing out in color against the background of the earth, will indicate the landing site.

This is important for the first weeding, when not all seedlings appeared from under the ground.

Water the crops carefully so as not to erode the surface layer and not wash the seeds out of the ground.

To do this, I use a hose with a fine spray or a system drip irrigation.

Planting carrots on toilet paper

Planting stores sell granulated seeds glued to paper strips.

But many gardeners prefer not to overpay for packaging and not rely on conscientious seed treatment by product manufacturers, but to do everything with their own hands.

The method has a lot of advantages, due to which this method is becoming increasingly popular:

1. Personal quality control of work at all stages
2. Minimum financial costs
3. Seedlings do not need to be thinned out, which means that all planting material will be used
4. Seeds planted on a tape germinate more amicably, more evenly, because they are planted at the same depth level.
5. Paper retains moisture - no extra watering required
6. In heavy rain, the paper will hold the seeds and prevent them from “washing away”
7. The procedure for preparing and sticking seeds on the tape creates a premonition of spring, the imminent start of the season - it lifts the mood of the gardener

To plant carrots on a ribbon, you need a paste: a tablespoon of flour or starch is poured into a glass of boiling water, brought to the consistency of dough for pancakes.

After cooling, a few drops are added to the glue. liquid fertilizer.

Toilet paper is cut into long strips up to three centimeters wide.

Seeds are glued at a distance of two and a half centimeters: a match or a toothpick is dipped in a paste and, picking up a seed with this solution, transferred to a strip, or a seed is laid and glue is dripped on top.

If the gluing process is carried out in the evening, then in the morning the completely dried tapes are rolled up and put into boxes until planting time in the country.

When the days favorable for planting in open ground come, a tape is laid in the furrows prepared in advance, covered, watered and mulched with humus.

Video of Galina Kizima's method

You can learn more about her methodology in the video below:

Video about planting in egg cells

How to use unnecessary egg cells when planting carrots?

Experienced gardeners share the secrets of growing carrots in the video:

Video in starch paste

Another original technique is sowing seeds in a paste. Details in the video.

Winter sowing of carrots

The only way to plant carrots in open ground without preliminary seed preparation is winter.

Planted before winter, that is, in late October-early November, the seeds undergo natural stratification and sprout in the spring.

Method features:

• After sowing, the beds are mulched with peat, the layer of which is at least 3 cm.
• As soon as the snow melts, the beds must be covered with a film
• With the advent of the first shoots, the shelter is removed, the soil is loosened
• Sowing before winter is impractical, they ate heavy soil on the site
• Seeds sown early will germinate before the onset of winter and die.

A few more subtleties to consider when landing:

1. For an earlier harvest, carrots can be grown seedling way, although most recommendations agree that carrots through seedlings are not the best idea.

The main thing in this technique is not to damage the central root, otherwise the fruits will be deformed.

To do this, they are planted in egg cells or shells.

After filling such a container with moist soil and planting a couple of seeds, the container is placed in a bag and placed in the dark, where the first shoots will appear in a week.

Two weeks later, seedlings with two leaves are planted in the ground without disturbing the earthy coma.

The egg shell is compressed before planting until it cracks so that the root crop can form freely.

It is believed that when growing carrots through seedlings, the root crop is not affected by the carrot fly.

1. Fertilizer beds on preparatory stage fresh manure is fraught with the fact that the crop will not be roots, but tops: fresh manure stimulates the lush growth of greenery and oppression of the underground part of the plant.

1. For mulching and loosening the soil can not be used fresh sawdust extracting nitrogen and phosphorus from the soil.

For mulching and adding to the soil, rotted wood waste.

Added in compost pit, they will reach the required condition in a natural way in 2-3 years.

Some gardeners cover the paths between the beds with sawdust, and after the same period of time they use sawdust to be applied to the soil.

For the same purpose, sawdust is pre-soaked in containers.

Cultivation and care in the open field

Beyond the traditional cultivation steps garden plants in open ground (watering, weeding, loosening, top dressing and pest control), carrot care also includes thinning.

Watering

Proper watering affects not only the formation of a strong whole fruit of the correct shape, but also the taste: carrots that lacked moisture are clumsy, branched, sluggish, with bitterness.

An excess of moisture leads to the collection of bursting fruits.

During the entire growing cycle, except for the last one and a half months before harvesting, carrots must be watered.

The optimal time for watering is the evening pre-sunset hours.

In anticipation of seedlings, the moisture content of the furrows is maintained by irrigation from a hose with a small nozzle or a watering can.

Keeping the earth ball moist, it is important not to flood the beds with sowing.

With the advent of seedlings, thinning, weeding and loosening are completed by watering.

The amount of moisture during this period is increased.

The longer the fruit should be, according to the characteristics of the variety, the deeper moisture should penetrate into the soil so that the root crop does not have to release lateral roots in search of moisture.

If the weather is dry and hot during germination and growth, then it is watered every other day.

In the middle of the growing cycle, one watering per week is enough with a calculation of about 10 liters of water per square meter of beds.

Growing carrots using drip irrigation technology greatly simplifies the task of proper watering.

Adjusting the level of water supply, watering under the root, providing optimal soil moisture saturation, supplying liquid soluble fertilizers during irrigation are the advantages of drip irrigation, which increase the yield of carrots.

Thinning carrot beds

Thinning, or breakthrough, carrots is a mandatory procedure.

Prevention of dense plantings ensures the free formation of unrestricted fruits, the ability of the plant to extract the necessary amount of moisture and nutrition from the soil.

The first real leaves of carrot tops are the time of the first thinning, as a result of which there should be at least 3 cm of free space between future carrots in the garden.

Summer residents, who sowed seeds on paper, were spared the first breakthrough.

But even planting on a tape does not guarantee the cultivation of carrots without thinning.

If all the glued seeds have sprouted, then the second thinning cannot be avoided, because in the end there should be a distance of about 10 cm between the root crops.

Loosening and weeding

Tirelessly loosening the soil around carrots in the garden means satisfying the main request vegetable crop to growing conditions.

Rain and regular watering contribute to the formation of a crust on the soil surface.

This crust weighs down, compacts the earth, and does not allow enough oxygen to reach the developing fruit.

Therefore, regular loosening, which is carried out in parallel with weeding, is the basis for caring for the crop.

top dressing

The first time three-week seedlings are fed, the second feeding - after a month and a half.

Fertilizers are delivered to the root crop through watering the soil with a nutrient composition.

When choosing organic fertilizers use water infusions of bird droppings and mullein.

Bird droppings at the rate of 1:10 are infused for a day, after which the liquid is diluted again with ten parts of water.

Mullein in a ratio of 1:20 is ready in a day.

The main rule when fertilizing: you can water with nutrient solutions only after the main watering.

Yeast feed recipe

Yeast and dry (the so-called "fast"), and "live" have long been used for feeding indoor plants and horticultural crops.

Here are two popular recipes:

• On "live" yeast: a kilogram of raw materials per five liters of water is required to obtain a concentrated composition, which is diluted in ten parts of water before use;
• On dry yeast: one bag of yeast (1 tablespoon), 2 tablespoons of sugar, 10-liter bucket of water. Insist two hours. Dilute with five parts of water.

Such dishes are very nutritious and quickly affect the development of the plant.

But here, too, it is necessary to observe the measure: three top dressings per season is the maximum.

Pests and diseases of the root crop

Pre-sowing preparation seeds, compliance with the conditions for caring for carrots in the open field, timely removal of weeds, keeping the beds clean are natural measures to prevent diseases.

But often this is not enough, and you have to fight for the crop with pests and diseases.

Prevention removes half of the issues:

1. Mandatory adherence to the recommendations of crop rotation;
2. In the early stages, beds with seedlings are hidden under covering material from pest attacks and possible frosts;
3. Fertilization is strictly in the recommended proportions: overdoses are dangerous;
4. In the summer, in the second or third decade of July, with an interval of 20 days, carry out preventive spraying of plantings with a weak solution of potassium permanganate or water it, shaking 3 grams boric acid in a ten liter bucket. But pre-pour the carrots with plain water;
5. Weeding and loosening - on time and regularly;
6. Planting around the beds and between the rows of plants - defenders: onions, garlic, marigolds, calendula;
7. All plant waste after weeding, thinning, harvesting immediately put into a compost pit;

If it was not possible to save carrot beds from adversity, then the following are used folk remedies control of diseases, insects:

Chemicals for the destruction of pathogens:

• Fungicides for diseases: "Alirin" and "Skor" from alternariosis, "Fitosporin" and "Sumilex" from rot, "Fundazol" from rot and phomosis;
• Insecticides from pests: "Arrivo", "Inta-Vir", "Karate Zeon", "Tzipi" from carrot flies and psyllids.

For rodent protection suburban area black elderberry is planted, and fresh branches are stuck into the beds with root crops, periodically changing them.

Mint next to carrots is an additional mouse repeller.

Carrots are one of the main crops that gardeners plant every year on their plots. It is used in the summer-autumn period, and they also make preparations for the winter. With the right agricultural technology, getting a rich harvest of root crops is not difficult. Learn how to prepare the beds, plant carrots outdoors in the spring, and take care of the plants during their growing season. If you are new to vegetable growing, these tips will be especially helpful.

To grow a beautiful, even, large carrots, the soil for its planting is prepared in the fall. This vegetable, like any garden culture, has its own requirements for the site on which it will grow. Under carrots, areas well-lit by the sun are taken away; in shading, plants bear fruit poorly. They are strongly elongated, give a lot of green mass, but at the same time Bottom part turns out small and thin.

It also matters after which crops to place carrots in your garden. The best predecessors for her are potatoes, tomatoes and cabbage. The vegetable grows well in the beds where zucchini or cucumbers used to be. You can plant carrots after crops such as onions and garlic.

Root crops of the highest quality are obtained on light, cultivated, fertile soils, with a good layer of humus and breathability, with neutral or weak acidity. For planting carrots in the spring, the ground in the beds is well prepared. On clay soils, leavening agents are applied. They can be peat, hardwood sawdust, sunflower husks, sand. On the sandy soils, where beneficial nutrients are quickly washed away by moisture into the deep layers, good result gives the addition of clay and peat. The soil is not lime before growing carrots; it is performed in the previous season. In the same way, fresh manure is not added to this crop, but it is allowed to apply it under predecessors.

For every m 2 of vegetable beds, 2-3 kg of humus and mineral phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are added. For example, 25-30 g (1.5 matchbox) of superphosphate and 15 g (slightly less than 1 tablespoon) of potassium sulfate. With a lack of organic nitrogen fertilizers for carrots, an additional 15-20 g of saltpeter or urea are added (1 matchbox). Next, the earth is deeply dug. The clods are left without leveling in the layers, in the spring they are well loosened before planting.

When to plant carrots

Spring planting of carrots in vegetable growing is considered traditional. In addition, it can be sown in the ground in summer and autumn before winter. The vegetable belongs to cold-resistant crops, the seeds germinate and sprout at a soil temperature of + 3 ° C (preferably 5-7 ° C). But this is possible only if there is a sufficient amount of moisture; in dry land, carrots may not start growing for a month or more.

Depending on the climatic features of the region and weather conditions in each particular season, the timing of planting carrots in open ground will be different. Generally speaking, seeds can be planted from the end of March to June. In the southern regions, the earliest sowing of seeds is possible, in the north favorable conditions need to wait a little longer.

Since each garden season is different in its own way, the date is not strongly oriented. The following indicators are adhered to: soil temperature from 5 ° C, the absence of forecasts for cooling and especially severe frosts, the presence of natural moisture in the soil.

In addition, it is worth considering the ripening time of the selected carrot variety. The seeds of late-ripening plants are sown first. They have a long growing season (more than 120 days), so they must not only grow, but also grow root crops before the fall. Often, with early planting, such beds are additionally covered with a film from frost. If the seedlings fall under frost, some plants throw out flower stalks in the summer to the detriment of the formation of root crops.

Seeds of mid-season varieties of carrots grow from 90 to 120 days. They are sown in terms from about mid-April to mid-May. Further, only early-ripening species are used for planting. At the same time, in most cases, soaking the seeds and additional irrigation of the beds is required. The deadline for planting carrots in a private household is before Trinity.

Pre-sowing preparation of carrots

Carrot seeds remain viable for 3-4 years. But at the same time best performance germination is observed in the freshest seed. Then the germination drops sharply. The gardener has to either use large quantity seeds for planting, or observe bald rows in the garden. Therefore, when buying a carrot variety you like in a store, you should pay attention Special attention on the packing date. When using your own seeds, it is best to sow those that are 1 or 2 years old.

How exactly to prepare carrot seeds for planting is up to everyone to decide. The minimum that can be done is to calibrate the seed, immediately removing bad specimens. It is also advisable to pickle the seeds in fungicides or soak in potassium permanganate for disinfection. Next, they must be dried to a loose state.

Carrot seeds are sown in the ground both in dry form and after pre-soaking. The first option is chosen for the earliest landings, when there is a possibility of cold snaps. Such seeds germinate longer, but do not die with a decrease in temperature. When the soil warms up again optimal values, they quickly start growing.

For fast germination, carrots are soaked or germinated before planting. For soaking, choose any of the options:

1. Carrot seeds are kept in clean water at a temperature of 30 ° C throughout the day. The fluid is replaced several times with a new one. If desired, ash is added to the solution. After the seeds are washed with clean water.
2. Seeds before planting are placed in a solution of growth stimulants. The manufacturer indicates the amount of substance and soaking time in the instructions. For carrots, you can use sodium humate, Silk, Epin, etc.
3. Seeds are wrapped in cloth and immersed in water at 50 °C for 20 minutes. After that, the carrots are cooled in cold liquid for 2-3 minutes.

In all cases, before planting in the ground, the seeds are dried a little for the convenience of working with them.

For germination, the seed is first kept in water for 2 hours. Then the seeds are laid out in one layer on a cloth, covered with a napkin or the same piece of cloth on top. Keep moist all the time. After swelling and spitting of part of the seeds, they are placed in the refrigerator for 10 days. So carrots undergo additional hardening.

Methods for sowing carrots

To get a rich harvest of root crops in the fall, the seeds must be planted correctly. On private plots, gardeners usually use a row planting pattern for carrots and narrow, long beds that are easy to care for. If we talk about the distance that should be followed when planting, then 20, 25 or 30 cm are left between the rows (depending on the variety, soil fertility, free land area on the site). There should be 3-5 cm between plants.

From how correctly the carrots will be sown in the spring, its yield, and in some cases, germination, directly depends. This is a small-seeded crop, therefore it is not worth burying sowing material in the ground. It is necessary to sow carrot seeds to a depth of only 1-1.5 cm. On light sandy soils, up to 2 cm is permissible. A deeper planting may cause the sprouts to not be able to break out. They just don't have the strength to do it.

Used in amateur vegetable growing various ways planting carrots in open ground. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. Try and choose the one that is convenient for you.

Sowing seeds

The easiest and easiest way to plant carrots is from seeds. To do this, it is enough to mark the rows on the bed and make shallow furrows in the ground. To make the lines even, you will need twine and a couple of pegs. With their help, it is easy to maintain the required distance between the rows.

In order to properly observe the seeding depth when sowing, many gardeners use a long wooden lath. It is pressed with an edge into the ground, removed and even identical furrows are obtained. If necessary, they are watered, and then seeds are sown there. Sprinkle on top with fertile soil, peat, compost and tamp a little.

During early sowing, the beds are covered with a film, which allows you to maintain a higher soil temperature, retain moisture and protect seedlings from accidental frosts. With the onset of stable heat, the protective cover is removed. After the appearance of all shoots, the extra plants are thinned out.

Sowing on a toilet paper tape

This method requires some preparation, but saves time when planting and reduces the amount of seeds used. In addition, it allows you to accurately maintain the distance in a row between plants. This method is suitable for those who want to plant carrots so as not to thin them out after.

First, cut pieces of paper that correspond to the length of the rows. Starch paste is prepared or flour is kneaded in water until it becomes thick sour cream. The width of the roll is visually divided into 3 equal parts. Then the seeds are glued in the first row, they maintain a distance of 3-5 cm and repeat everything again. To exclude the loss of plants due to the fact that some seed did not sprout, they are placed in pairs. Before planting, the seed tape is cut into long narrow strips, which are simply lowered into the grooves and sprinkled with earth.

Landing with river sand

In order not to thin out carrots that have risen more often than necessary, you can use the following method. Take a large, slightly moistened river sand, mix it with seeds in a ratio of 5 to 1. This mixture is evenly scattered into the prepared furrows. From above, seeds are sprinkled with sand when planting carrots thin layer earth, tamp it a little, and then pour it on top of the peat and cover the beds with a film so that the seeds sprout faster. Such a planting of carrots will save seeds and not pull seedlings later.

Seeder use

You can plant carrots in open ground using a seeder homemade. These can be salt shakers, a strainer, or small plastic containers with a lid, in which holes are made a little larger than carrot seeds. It remains only to pour seeds into them and sow them in the ground. Such devices for planting seeds can be used not only for carrots, but also for other crops, if you make several covers for them with holes of different diameters.

Seeds in granules

Seed granulation is a method that allows you to increase the size of carrot seeds and thus make them easier to sow. They are planted on beds at a distance of 5-7 cm from each other. Planting carrots in granules helps save seeds and does not thin out too thick seedlings in the beds.

Carrot care

Watering and soil density are what you need to pay special attention to when caring for this plant in the open field. It is necessary to water the soil abundantly only during the period active growth tops. When the growth of the root crop begins, watering is reduced. But it is impossible to leave plants completely without water, since it is too much to flood them after a drought. Sharp fluctuations in moisture in the soil are the reason that carrots will be clumsy, with cracks and numerous additional roots over the entire surface of the root crop. 2 weeks before harvest, watering is stopped altogether.

After each watering, the soil is loosened as deep as possible (near the root crops themselves carefully) so that it remains soft and airy. Carrots are fed with this fertilizer: dissolve in a bucket of water

• 15 g of saltpeter and superphosphate;
• 20 g of potassium nitrate;
• 1 st. l. nitrophoska;
• 2 cups of ash.

Rows of carrots are shed with this solution only 2 times: a month after it has risen and another 2 months after that.

Carrots are harvested in the fall, when its root crops have reached the size and shape corresponding to the variety. Dig them with a shovel on a dry, not rainy day. The collected root crops are dried a little in the beds, then put in boxes or nets and lowered into the cellar for storage.

Expert opinion

gardener

Planting and growing carrots in the open field is a simple and exciting business. Follow the rules for planting and growing this crop and in the fall you can get an excellent harvest of orange root crops.

A useful vegetable in the kitchen, without a doubt, is a carrot. It can easily be grown on your own garden plot, most importantly, to know the basic rules and methods of planting seeds. This article will tell you in detail how to plant carrots.

The main thing to remember when deciding to plant on your land plot carrots - sowing time. The timing of planting the seed depends on which variety of this crop was chosen. In addition, you should know that planting material can be planted three times in one season:

• spring;
• summer;
• under winter.

Let's consider each option in more detail.

Spring planting carrots is a method familiar to most gardeners. There is even a proverb here that seeds should be sown on May 1st. By folk omens, planting material can be planted after aspen or violet has bloomed. But also this procedure can be carried out after the first leaves appeared on the birch. However, these are all conventions, because much in this matter depends on the climatic characteristics of the region and the variety.

When choosing the timing of planting seeds, it must be remembered that for successful germination, the soil must warm up well. However, it shouldn't dry out too much. Otherwise, the germination of the seed will be minimal. For example, in the Urals, spring planting of carrots is carried out in the first two weeks of May.

Summer planting of seeds usually falls in the second half of June (from the 15th to the end of the month). At this time they usually sow late-ripening varieties, which will then go to winter storage. At the same time, it is possible to carry out reseeding of plants in a situation where the seeds spring planting didn't go up.

Planting carrots before winter is relevant if you want to harvest early. To do this, sowing dry seeds is carried out about a week before frosts are established. Usually gardeners carry out these manipulations in late October or early November. Before winter, experts advise planting varieties such as Nanskaya 4, Moscow Winter and Shantenay 2461. However, you should know that in this case it is worth organizing a small garden bed. It will be possible to eat the crop obtained from planting seeds before winter starting in June.

In addition, you need to know that it is not worth leaving carrots grown in this way for storage. This is due to the fact that due to overgrowth, the vegetable becomes tasteless and rough.

There are also deadlines for different varieties this culture:

Focusing on the climatic conditions of the region where the crop is grown, as well as on the variety, you can choose the right optimal timing planting material.

Video “Landing”

From the video you will learn how and when to plant carrots.

Pre-sowing preparation of seeds

Carrot is a vegetable crop, the seeds of which germinate for a long time. This is due to the fact that the seed is characterized by a high content of essential oils. Thanks to them, the seeds are well stored. To increase their germination, it is necessary to lower their content of essential oils. In this regard, only soaked seed should be used during summer and spring planting. In this way, essential oils can be washed off. The procedure for preparing seeds for planting in this case is carried out according to the following algorithm:

There is another option for preparing carrot seeds for planting:

• the seed must be soaked in clean water, which is at room temperature. The seeds should be in it for two hours;
• then scatter the seeds over a damp cloth. From above they should also be covered with a damp cloth;
• in this state, they should be in the room until swelling;
• periodically, the seeds under the fabric must be mixed, and the fabric itself must be moistened as it dries;
• when all the seeds are swollen and begin to hatch, they are placed in the refrigerator for 10 days. So they heat up well.

When the preparation is completed, the seeds can be planted in open ground.

Every gardener should know how to plant carrots correctly. After all, the correct implementation of the sowing technique directly depends further harvest. Provided, of course, that care in the open field was complete.

There are several ways in which carrots can be planted. One of the commonly used methods is the ordinary method. When using this method, it must be remembered that when sowing, the planting mother must be in dense soil at the same depth. Only in this case can we expect a friendly growth.

The row seeding method is implemented as follows:

• first you need to loosen the ground with a flat cutter;
• then we make furrows. To do this, you can use boards laid with an edge;
• before you start sowing carrots, the furrows should be well watered;
• if the seeds are small, then it is recommended to mix them with sand in a ratio of 1:5 before planting. You can not mix with sand, but use a special tool for sowing;
• the planted row of carrots should not be too dense. The distance between seeds or granules should be approximately 5 cm;
• when the planting material is placed in the furrows, it is covered with dry earth from above. The poured layer of soil should not exceed 1 cm in thickness. Biohumus or compost can be used instead of earth.

After the sowing of carrots is completed, planting should be organized optimal care. Here you need to know that you can not water the beds from above. Otherwise, a hard earthy crust will form on top of the crops. Through it, young plants will not be able to break through, which will lead to low germination.

Some experts note that it is possible to close up the seed material with a coconut substrate. In this case, the briquette must be filled with water and kept in this form until swelling.

It is worth noting that the coco substrate retains moisture quite well, while remaining light. As a result, it will be much easier for seedlings to break through it, and seed germination will approximately double.

Another nuance of planting carrots is that its rows can be alternated with onions. The smell of onions will help deter carrot flies from planting.

Landing before winter

In order to get an early harvest of carrots, gardeners plant seeds before winter. The preparation of beds in this case should be carried out in September-October.

Planting carrots in this case is carried out according to the following scheme:

In this form, the furrows are left until the moment of stable freezing of the soil. Planting seeds occurs when a constant temperature is established outside. It should not be below +5 degrees. If snow remains in the furrows, it should be swept away immediately before starting work. Prepared sand, humus or compost is poured into the bottom of the furrows and the seed material is placed inside. After that, the earth is mulched with peat. Other materials can be used for mulching. In this form, the beds are sent for the winter.

It is worth noting that when planting carrot seeds, they do not carry out their preliminary preparation. Planting material must be kept dry. The sowing rate (per unit of planting area) in this case is considered to be 25-30% more than is usually spent during spring planting.

In this case, the seeds in the soil are affected by frost and cold. Thus, they undergo natural hardening. As a result, plants grown from them are actually much more resilient. They have a strong root system. In addition, such plantings are much less attacked by various pests.

With properly organized beds, as well as if planting and care were carried out according to all the rules, the first shoots will appear about 1-2 weeks earlier than during spring planting. Harvest can be harvested 2-3 weeks earlier than usual. At the same time, it will turn out to be vitamin and more tasty.

If you are going to plant carrots before winter, you need to understand that a lot here depends on the right varieties. In this case, it is necessary to give preference to those varieties of this vegetable crop that have good resistance to frost and adverse weather conditions. Varieties such as Nantes 14 and Nantes 4 proved to be excellent when planting before winter. They form a root crop faster than other varieties. An excellent harvest in this case will give the Moscow winter A-151, Olympia, Incomparable, Leningrad, Canning, NIIOKh-336, Shantane and Vitamin.

Remember that the harvest obtained in this way is only suitable for summer consumption. It is impossible to send such vegetables for the winter.

To get tasty and beautiful root crops, when using the planting method before winter, plant care should include the following steps:

In addition, planting, as the plants grow, must be thinned out. Otherwise, the roots will turn out small and underdeveloped.

It is worth noting that all the activities described above should be carried out with knowledge of the matter and in the right time. If everything is done correctly, then the harvest with a high degree of probability will turn out to be excellent both in terms of taste and quality characteristics.

Now you know how to plant carrots. The main thing is to choose the right variety and decide on the sowing method. However, to get a really high-quality crop, one must not forget about proper care. This is the only way to collect delicious vegetables from your beds, which, moreover, will have a beautiful appearance.

Carrots are a traditional garden crop that is consistently popular with gardeners. In order to collect good harvest high-quality carrots and make stocks for the winter, you need to in early spring follow the rules of its planting and cultivation.

Choosing a place for beds

Proper organization the beds are very important:

• choose well-lit, sunny places. Carrots in the shade will grow poorly and their taste will suffer;
• it is important to observe crop rotation. The most suitable for sowing carrots will be those areas of the garden where potatoes, onions, tomatoes, garlic, and cabbage grew last year. Do not plant - on the same beds, or in close proximity, as well as after crops such as parsley, celery, dill, parsnips.

When to sow carrots outdoors

The optimum soil temperature for sowing early carrots is 8°C. If the earth warms up, then the moisture from it will evaporate faster. Even a slight increase in soil temperature is undesirable for the germination of carrot seeds.

Early crops of carrots in Russia can be done in March. Approximate times are as follows:

• in the southern lane - from 5 to 15 March.
• in the central part of Russia - March 25 - April 10;
• in the Urals and Siberia - from the second half of April.

This should be done in greenhouses and hotbeds, or under covering material in open ground. For northern climatic zones the dates of the first crops are postponed to May and depend on weather conditions. For sowing in the ground, it is better to choose resistant and early maturing varieties carrots: Alenka, Laguna, Color and Fairy.

Preparing carrot seeds for sowing

Before sowing, whether in open ground or seedlings, carrot seeds should be soaked in warm water 10 hours for germination. Floated grains should be removed as unsuitable.

In order to speed up the germination of seeds, stratification is carried out at a temperature of 20-24 ° C, for 2-4 days. Before planting in the soil, they are soaked in a solution of wood ash to saturate with microelements.

Planting and seedling care

To achieve good yields and large root crops, you should carefully monitor the appearance of weeds in the beds with carrots. They must be removed regularly, otherwise the carrots will not develop.
This vegetable does not like thickening, so immediately after the appearance of the first leaves, it is worth thinning the seedlings. This must be done so that the distance between the sprouts is at least 6 cm.

Rules for sowing carrots in open ground

• Grooves for planting carrot seeds are made about 2-3 cm deep.
• The distance between rows should be 15 cm.
• Before sowing, the beds are well moistened, and then sprinkled wood ash. Manure should not be applied as a fertilizer, carrots do not tolerate acidity.
• To speed up germination over the beds, it is worth pulling polyethylene film to create a greenhouse effect, and remove it as soon as the first shoots appear.

Watering

On the palatability carrots are strongly affected by the amount of moisture and the frequency of watering:

• plan to irrigate 2-4 times a week;
• make sure that a crust does not form on the surface of the soil;
• loosen after watering.

Along the edges carrot beds it is worth planting compatible plants. They will help to get rid of many pests and diseases. In order to scare away the main pest - the carrot fly, additional processing is necessary.

Outcome

Before sowing carrots in open ground, you need to prepare: plan the beds on the site to comply with crop rotation, choose frost-resistant and early ripe varieties and pre-treat the seeds. In order to grow a great crop of carrots with good taste characteristics and large root vegetables, do not forget about weeding and thinning, and water well.