Is peat useful for land in the garden. How to use peat in gardening? Soil types

Probably everyone knows what peat is? For those who do not know, I will reveal a “terrible” secret: peat is the rotted (to a greater or lesser extent) compressed remains of plants and animals. In nature, peat is formed in swamps, under conditions high humidity and obstructed airflow. used as combustible material(contains up to 60% carbon), fertilizer and thermal insulation material.

How is peat formed?

Plants and organisms that live in swamps, in overgrown reservoirs, lakes with low-flowing water die over time, forming a biomass, which every year more and more overlaps each other and, accordingly, is pressed. Thus, in conditions of high humidity and lack of air, peat is formed. Depending on the degree of decomposition, there riding(almost undecayed) lowland(completely decomposed) and transitional(an intermediate state between upland and lowland).

Peat as fertilizer: pros and cons

Is pure peat, that is, without any third-party additives, suitable for fertilizing the garden? After all, some are not very experienced gardeners buy it in large quantities. They scatter on the beds, under the trees and shrubs and joyfully rub their hands in anticipation record harvests. Alas ... they cannot be obtained in this way ... Although peat (lowland and transitional) consists of 40-60% humus, it is highly not recommended to fertilize the site only with them.

Why? Yes, because he is quite poor nutrients. Yes, it is rich in nitrogen (up to 25 kg per ton), but nitrogen from peat is very poorly absorbed by plants. Out of a whole ton, our green pets get only 1-1.5 kg of nitrogen, not to mention other vital elements for plants. So never fertilize your plots with peat alone, use other types and fertilizers.

It is useful for enriching the earth. Thanks to the fibrous porous structure, it significantly improves physiological properties soil itself different composition. The soil, well flavored with peat, becomes water and breathable, "breathes" easily and freely, and the root system of plants feels more than comfortable in it. I'm talking about now low-lying and intermediate peat, and here riding generally not used as a fertilizer, as it strongly acidifies the soil.

It should be noted that there are many plants that require acidic or slightly acidic soil for normal development. These include, for example, heathers, ericas, rhododendrons, hydrangeas, blueberries. When planting such plants on permanent place in landing pit it is high-moor peat that is added, and then periodically they are mulched with it.

So is “clean” peat (that is, without any additives) needed as a fertilizer? And here a lot depends on the quality of the soil itself. If the soil is fertile, sandy or light loamy, then applying peat as a fertilizer will give practically nothing, do not waste your efforts and money)) But if the soils on your site are sandy or clayey, depleted and poor in organic matter, applying peat together with other fertilizers significantly improve the yield and appearance your decorative pets. The value of peat as a fertilizer can only be considered in combination with other types of organic and mineral dressings and in the form of compost.

How to make peat compost

Peat compost includes organic matter: tops, torn weeds with clods of earth, wood ash, sawdust, shavings, food waste and other natural ingredients. A compost heap is very easy to set up. Somewhere aside, away from places of rest, organize a platform measuring 2x2 m. First lay peat about 30 cm high on it. Sprinkle sawdust (10 cm) on top, then lay tops, weeds, food leftovers mixed with garden soil. Make this layer 20 cm high.

If you have manure, great! Put it on top of the above layers to a height of 20 cm. Absolutely any manure will do: horse, mullein, bird droppings, and so on. Now cover this entire multilayer structure with another layer of peat (20-30 cm) and leave to rot for 12-18 months. Do not raise the compost heap to a height of more than 1.5 m, but cover it with peat or garden soil from the sides in order to ensure an appropriate microclimate inside the heap. Periodically moisten the compost heap with water with the addition of superphosphate (100 g per bucket).

If manure is tight for you, at least find the opportunity to water the compost with diluted slurry (5 kg of mullein per bucket of water). Or a solution of dry bird droppings(0.5 kg per bucket of water) or fresh manure (2 kg per bucket of water). 2-3 times during the summer, thoroughly shovel the compost heap, trying to get the top layer inside and the bottom, respectively, outside.

It is very useful to close the pile from the scorching sun with a special canopy. In the fall, cover the compost heap: cover it with dry leaves, high-moor peat, earth, spruce branches or other mulching material. And when the first snow falls, wrap the pile of compost in a snow coat.

Now we can talk about nutrition country plants, since such compost is in no way inferior in its nutritional properties to manure, and if it has not been overdried and frozen, then it even surpasses manure in its value for plants.

They fertilize the land with peat compost in the same way as with manure: they are evenly scattered over the sown area, poured into the near-stem circles of trees and under shrubs. But it should be noted here that properly prepared peat compost– more valuable fertilizer than manure, and much less is required to fertilize the soil. If 60-70 kg of manure is usually applied per 10 m² of soil, then only 10-20 kg of peat compost is required for the same area (in addition, it more generously gives nutrients to plants than manure).

To begin with, it is worth noting that it is impossible to “refertilize” the land with peat. They bring it both in spring and in autumn, evenly scattering it over the site and digging it onto a spade bayonet, 30-40 kg per 1 m². In the future, pour peat into the near-stem circles of trees, shrubs and places for planting plants to a height of 5-6 cm.

Such bedding is especially useful on those soils where, after heavy rains a dense crust forms on the surface. In this case, peat also acts as a mulching material. It is quite friendly to any soil and will not spoil any soil. But there is little nuance: peat has a high acidity (pH 2.5-3.0), so it should be neutralized with lime, dolomite flour or wood ash at the rate of 5 kg of lime or dolomite flour per 100 kg of peat or 10-12 kg of wood ash per 100 kg of peat.

So we have considered beneficial features peat as a fertilizer for our green pets. Or maybe you know any other ways to use peat in the country? Share with us!

Many gardeners use peat as an organic fertilizer. When purchasing it, they immediately scatter fertilizer over the beds, under bushes and trees, hoping next year for high yields. However, they will be disappointed: peat will not instantly increase the fertility of the soil. Now let's explain why.

Peat consists mainly of dead plant residues, more or less decomposed. Of the nutrients, it contains only nitrogen in a significant amount (up to 20 or more kg per ton), but it is used very poorly by plants. As a rule, only 3-5 percent of nitrogen is assimilated, that is, 0.6-1 kg per ton of peat.

The availability of nitrogen and its amount in peat depends on the type of peat (its origin). Peat is raised, lowland and transitional. It also differs in acidity, content of minerals and plant residues, moisture capacity, degree of decomposition. Lowland peat is the richest in nitrogen, and high-moor peat is the poorest. And the availability of nitrogen in the last type of peat is the lowest.

Many freshly harvested or poorly ventilated peatlands can contain high levels of substances that are toxic to plants. These compounds, with good aeration, quickly decompose, but the introduction of such peat into the soil immediately before sowing or planting can adversely affect the growth and yield of plants.

It is possible to increase and accelerate the availability of nitrogen by heating peat at a temperature of 60 ° C, which happens when composting. So do not rush to fertilize the soil with newly acquired peat. It is good to use it for composting with faeces, fresh manure, kitchen waste and plant remains. If the compost mixture dries out, it needs to be moistened. Peat-fecal compost can be used two years after laying, introducing into the soil for spring digging no more than 2-3 kg per 1 sq. m, as it contains an increased amount of nutrients.

Pure peat as a fertilizer is most effective on poor uncultivated sandy or clay soils with low organic matter content. Practically without affecting the provision of soil with nutrients for plants, peat still increases the content of organic matter, improves soil structure, it becomes warmer, looser, water and breathable.

If the soil is well cultivated, contains 4-5 percent of humus, has a mechanical composition favorable for plants (medium and light loamy), then the introduction of peat does little.

When is the best time to apply peat and in what quantities?

Because this is very resistant material(it holds all the substances in it well), it can be applied to the soil at any time, even in winter on snow (if the site is flat), and the more the better. It is impossible to re-fertilize the soil with peat. However, one should take into account the high acidity of peat (pH 2.5-3.0, and the acidity of pH 5.5-7.0 is necessary for plant growth). To neutralize acidity, 4-6 kg of lime or dolomite flour are added per 100 kg of peat.

The introduction of complex mineral fertilizers is also necessary (50-70 g per 1 sq. M). To increase the content of organic matter by 1 percent, 12-15 kg of peat (2-3 buckets) per 1 sq. m. In its natural state, soddy-podzolic soils usually contain 1.5-2 percent of organic matter. Therefore, in order to bring it up to 4-5 percent, 40-50 kg of peat per 1 sq. m. In the future, to maintain a constant composition on average per year, only 0.2-0.3 kg per 1 sq. M. will be required. m.

On all soils, especially heavy and floating ones, where a dense crust forms after rains, peat gives good results as mulch.

AT combined with humus and soddy soil, peat is an excellent soil component for greenhouses(in the ratio 1:1:1 or 1:1:2 or 1:1:3). Recipes for such mixtures can be found in the specialized literature.

T. Zavyalova, candidate of agricultural sciences

Over time, any soil is depleted and requires systematic fertilization, otherwise cultivation cultivated plants it becomes difficult for her. In this case, gardeners resort to feeding the substrate with organic substances.

One of these is peat - a natural fertilizer formed from particles of dead marsh plants. Peat, as a mineral, is mined in swamps, riverbeds or watersheds.

This type of raw material has been used for a long time as the basis of fertilizers for the land and in other areas of activity. The substance consists of decomposed plants and synthesis products - humus, mineral particles and water. The composition also contains a small amount of mineral and chemical elements.

Peat deposits are used in many areas. Mainly as a fuel in power plants, in animal husbandry, for cleaning drains, in development medicines for medicine. In the construction industry, peat-insulating materials are used.

A large proportion of peatlands is used by gardeners and gardeners to improve soil fertility. Peat deposits are used to make fertilizers that stimulate plant growth, pots for seedlings and covering biomaterial for the winter.

Many products of photosynthesis and carbon are accumulated in the peat material, which, when introduced into the soil improves its permeability to moisture and air, makes loose, and also changes the microbiological composition.

Substance improves the structure of the earth, reduces the content of nitrates, reduces the effect of pesticides, suppresses harmful bacteria and fungi, increases acidity. The humic and amino acids which are a part improve development of plant cultures. That is why peat, as a fertilizer, is so often used for vegetable gardens.

Distinguish the following types peat:

1. Lowland. This species is formed from particles of tree species, mosses, sedges and reeds in swampy areas. The decomposition of plants occurs without access to oxygen with the help of microorganisms in the lowland layer. This variety is characterized by high humidity and density. The peat layer consists of low-lying undecomposed plants: alder, fern, birch, spruce, willow, etc. It occurs in floodplains and deep ravines.
2. Horse. From its name indicates that it is formed in top layer wetlands from grass and plants. Oxygen is involved in the formation. It has a light and loose structure, consists of plant remains. top type: larch, pine, marsh sedge, etc.
3. transitional. It is an integral part of high and low peat.

Lowland peat: application and properties of raw materials

This type of raw material is characterized by a high concentration of minerals and rapid decomposition. Mostly black.

Neutral or slightly acidic composition (pH 4–6) is saturated with humic acid, strongly absorbs water, so the humidity reaches 70%. Due to moisture, it is prone to the formation of clods, caking and silting.

Before use lowland peat ventilate for several days outdoors, pouring into small piles. Use in combination with compost and the addition of mineral fertilizers to enrich the soil or retain moisture in clay or sandy soils.

Lowland peat evenly laid out on the surface of the earth and dig the soil to a depth of no more than 10 cm. Optimal norm an application of 20 to 30 liters/m² is considered. If the land on the site is new and has not been fertilized before, then they contribute from 50 to 60 liters / m².

The introduction of peat raw materials makes the soil structure granular, due to the fact that the particles of the earth are fastened into small lumps. The soil freely passes air, is well saturated and retains moisture, which has a beneficial effect on root system plants.

Lowland peat is often used for mulching lawn surfaces in spring period. Before that, the lawn is combed out, fertilizers from nitrogen are added and a thin layer of peat no more than 3-5 mm is distributed on the surface.

Mulching with lowland peat is used in the case of sandy and clay soils, so that moisture is retained during irrigation longer. To do this, weeds are removed, watered and fertilized, then the peat cover is distributed. thin layer on the surface(2-5 cm), trying not to affect the area around the stems.

Horse peat: characteristics and uses in horticulture

High-moor peat is characterized by porosity and high ability retain moisture. Long time does not give in to biological decomposition.

Due to the long fibers of the structure, it retains mineral substances in the composition for a long time. The soil saturated with long-staple high-moor peat is light, has thermal insulation qualities and does not shrink when growing plants.

Unfortunately, horse peat little rich in nutrients. High-moor peat deposits have an acid pH of 2.5–3.1. and are often used to acidify the soil.

Some plants require just such an environment for development. For example, for potatoes, strawberries, hydrangeas, sorrel, violets, heather. In this case, ventilated peat is added in proportions of 1: 1 for loamy and sandy soils.

In order not to inhibit plant cultures with high acidity, high-moor peat compost in pits or heaps until complete decomposition of organic residues.

On the basis of raw materials, substrates are prepared for growing seedlings of vegetables and flowers, and are also used in the greenhouse as the main material. Before that stuff stir and ventilate, add mineral fertilizer and dolomite flour.

Be sure to measure the acidity, since the pH level of 5.5–6.5 is considered optimal for plants. The prepared base is kept for 1.5–2 weeks, periodically stirring, after which the plants are planted.

To use useful raw materials in gardening, you should know some rules. Before use peat fertilizer“dissolve” and air for about two weeks.

It is best to sift the material additionally through a special mesh. Ventilation is performed in order to reduce toxicity. Then the raw materials are piled up and kept for up to two or three months, periodically shoveled.

Peat fertilizer has shown itself well in growing flowers. Airy and porous soil contributes to rapid restoration of flowers after transplants. Peonies are especially favorable to the peat substrate. Flowers develop quickly and delight bright colors, while exuding more intense odors.

Gardeners often use instead of manure peat compost. The only drawback of this method is the longer decomposition of peat in the soil than manure. In addition, near the high peat hyperacidity which requires curing before use. But at proper preparation, peat compost is in no way inferior to manure.

Composting is done from early spring to late autumn. AT compost heaps add to peat various material, which serves as an excellent addition to beneficial microorganisms.

Most often, these are fallen leaves, plant waste, tops, weeds, food debris and sawdust. Compost is prepared for about one to a year and a half. During this time, it is considered ready if the mixture has turned into a homogeneous mass.

The use of peat on suburban area leads to positive results. Natural substance is used for the following purposes:

How should peat be applied? The method is ineffective if you simply scatter raw materials on the surface of the soil. To attain maximum effect, peat material is mixed with turf, humus and other components, then bring 2-3 buckets to an area of ​​1 m². Such top dressing can be performed every year, which will increase the level of soil fertility by 1%.

Should be considered simple rules when making peat top dressing at their summer cottage:

• The amount of peat matter in the soil composition should not exceed 70%.
• Before use, be sure to mix with humus and sand.
• Additionally contribute mineral fertilizers.
• Use low-lying peat deposits.
• Apply on loam and sandy soils.

The result of top dressing is affected by the degree of decomposition of peat raw materials, which should not be less than 30–40%. If a lowland type of material is used, then it must be ventilate and grind. At the same time, do not overdry the material, optimal humidity should be 50-70%.

Peat for the garden: the benefits and harms of raw materials

Gardeners use peat raw materials to give looseness to earthen coma and create the correct structure of sod-podzolic soils, where sand and clay predominate. As you know, sand weakly retains water, and clay is airtight.

Therefore, the best option for such soil cannot be found. How to choose peat for the garden? You can choose depending on the degree of decomposition of the substance. There are three categories:

• Lowland type. More than 40% degree of decomposition. Due to the neutral composition in the best way suitable for the garden.
• transitional type. The degree of decomposition is from 25 to 40%. Used as a material for composting.
• Riding type. The minimum degree of decomposition, which is 20%. It is not recommended to include in pure form into the soil due to high acidity, requires pre-treatment.

The main benefits and harms of peat in the garden land plot. Let's determine what the beneficial effects of the peat composition are:

1. Allows you to increase productivity by improving the soil, is minimal in cost.
2. Increases the humus layer of the earth, thereby improving fertility.
3. Increases porosity, air and water permeability of the substrate, improving the functioning of the root system of plants.
4. Fights pathogenic microflora, fungi, bacteria, is a good antiseptic.
5. At low acidity substrate, you can normalize this indicator if you choose the right type of peat.
6. It quickly warms the earth, is able to retain useful substances and stop their leaching.
7. Possesses hygroscopicity. Increases the moisture content of the soil.

What disadvantages and harm can bring:

1. Peat is only harmful if it is misused or combined with poor quality fertilizers. Then the plants slow down development, and in some cases even death is possible.
2. The substance is able to increase the acidity of the soil, which adversely affects the growth of the crop. To avoid acidification of the soil, peat material is limed - 4–6 kg of lime are added per 100 kg.
3. Peat will not bring any benefit if the land is fertile and loose. The content of trace elements in the substance is minimal and will be absorbed only by 5%. This should be taken into account.

Peat as a fertilizer for vegetable crops

Almost all cultures good harvest when using peat. They respond particularly well to beneficial substance- tomatoes, sorrel, potatoes, strawberries, strawberries and blueberries.

Top dressing is carried out in the spring, simultaneously with the planting of potatoes. Peat material mixed with manure thrown right into the hole, which allows nutrients to better penetrate to the seeds.

Peat also works well on the growth of strawberries. The fruits ripen faster, and the harvest becomes richer. No less good impact planting material for tomatoes. Top dressing is carried out once every 14 days root or foliar method.

Peat is a mixture of semi-decayed plant residues under conditions of excessive moisture. He is one of the most popular organic fertilizers especially for beginner gardeners.

They try to acquire it as much as possible and immediately apply it to the soil or use it for growing seedlings. But at the same time they often fail, because. plants fertilized with peat alone do not grow well enough, and seedlings grown in pots filled with peat alone often die for some reason. To avoid these failures, you need to know what kind of peat can be used, where and how.

As you know, peat is different - high, lowland and transitional. This is something you need to be aware of when buying it. They are easy to distinguish from each other, because. they have completely different colors.

• horse peat formed on nutrient-poor elevated terrain. He light color, with an increased amount of organic matter, very acidic (pH 2.5–4.5), difficult to decompose, very moisture-intensive, with a low ash content (up to 5%), with a very low nitrogen content (two times less than in lowland peat ) and other nutrients.
• lowland peat, as a rule, dark color (brown and even black-brown). It has a significantly higher degree of decomposition of organic matter and ash content, its acidity is often close to neutral.
• transitional peat occupies an intermediate position in its properties.

Lowland peat can be used for soil application without composting. But before being introduced into the soil, it is well crushed and “weathered” in heaps for at least six months. But it's not the best the best way, since the conversion of the nitrogen contained in it into a form convenient for plants will occur slowly.

That is why the use of even low-lying peat in its pure form as a fertilizer is inefficient, and sometimes harmful, since dry peat, when applied to the soil, absorbs the moisture needed by plants from the soil.

As can be seen from all that has been said, there is little sense in introducing unprepared peat into the soil, because. it potentially contains only nitrogen in abundance, but even in low-lying, well-decomposed peat, it is practically in a state inaccessible to plants.

In the first years after being introduced into the soil, such peat only increases the absorption capacity of the soil and improves its air regime. Therefore, we must remember that if the soil in the garden is well cultivated, loose and fertile, then it is practically useless to introduce such unprepared peat into it.

Another thing is if there is little organic matter in the soil, especially if it is heavy, clayey, swimming or, conversely, sandy or light sandy loamy soil. In this case, with the help of peat, you can significantly improve physical properties and structure clay soil, to make it more loose, water and moisture permeable, and in sandy soil, on the contrary, to significantly increase its moisture capacity.

To increase the humus content on soddy-podzolic soil by 1%, it is necessary to add 2–3 buckets of peat per 1 sq.m. At the same time, it is better to scatter it on the soil surface in autumn, and gradually mix the surface layer with peat in spring. Since peat retains all available substances well, it can be applied to the soil even in winter directly on the snow. In addition, peat is usually relatively cheap.

Some gardeners sometimes arrange fresh lowland peat with the addition of garden soil to it. bulk beds for growing cucumbers and zucchini, planting seedlings in wells completely filled with good humus.

By the time the roots of the plants have grown beyond such a hole, the low-lying peat will already have sufficiently lost its negative qualities. When arranging such beds, wood ash is added to peat, 2 cups per bucket of peat and ordinary garden soil.

But, of course, it is much more useful to cover a pile of low-lying peat with a film and hold it for 3-4 months, occasionally pouring water, diluted slurry or herbal infusions. During this time, the peat will “ripen”, and it will already be a “really” useful peat.

And acidic high-moor peat in its pure form cannot be introduced into the soil and used for growing seedlings at all. Such peat is used mainly for animal bedding. Before being introduced into the soil, it needs serious composting. It is used for the preparation of peat-dung, peat-fecal, peat-phosphorite, peat-ash and other composts.

My name is Inna and I am a chemist by training. And in my free time, I almost live in the country, and the tomatoes, berries, and cabbage that grow on my site are envied by my country neighbors, friends, and colleagues. But I quietly share my secrets. And today I will tell peat, its benefits and harms, how to use this fertilizer correctly and what mistakes you should not make when using it.

In fact, peat is a loose sedimentary rock. Occurs when there is a lack of air high humidity in swamps, and as a result of the decomposition of plants and sometimes animals living in swamps. It is used, for example, as fuel, and also as thermal insulation material but also as a fertilizer.

There is up to 60 percent carbon, about 5% hydrogen, up to 3% oxygen, the same amount of nitrogen and 1% sulfur. This fertilizer is divided into three types:

• Horse. It has not yet rotted and therefore is not suitable as a fertilizer. It can only be used to mulch the soil before winter;
• transitional. It is already suitable as fertilizer, decomposition processes are in full swing here;
• Lowland peat has time to completely rot.

What can he give to the soil? Firstly, it makes it lighter and more porous, due to which air enters the root better. It is also a good antiseptic that protects both the plants themselves and the earth from bacteria and fungi. Well feeds any poor soils, especially well interacts with soils sandy and loamy.

And finally, this material is needed to increase the acidity of the soil. This makes all applied fertilizers more effective. That's only if the acidity is high, peat is better not to use. In addition, its absorption ability can be very useful. It reduces the humidity of the air, if it is excessive, taking water into its pores. When water is needed, peat gives it to both plants and soils.

disadvantages

The disadvantage of fertilizer is that it is not very effective. True, it concerns only fertile soils, but if the soil on your site is poor, it does not matter. The downside is that nitrogen from this fertilizer is not absorbed well: out of a thousand kilograms of peat, plants receive no more than one and a half kilograms of nitrogen, which is not enough. To make peat effective, add other fertilizers to it and then it will keep agrochemicals in the ground.

And if used incorrectly, this fertilizer can suppress the growth of all crops, slow it down and even completely destroy them. Incorrect application is, for example, continuous application.

How to apply

The most common option is to add it for digging into the ground. About 30 kg of fertilizer is needed per 100 square centimeters. Next, you need to sprinkle it around trees and shrubs. You can also sprinkle peat on the snow.

If the soil requires it, the acidity can be neutralized. Enough for this tree ash (12-13 kg per 100 kg of peat) or lime (you can use dolomite flour).

You can also add sand, vermiculite compost or humus to peat. The sand must be wet, because peat can ignite spontaneously.

In the greenhouse, its use is also appropriate, because the humidity here is often high. In the soil for greenhouses, it can contain about 70%, but it must be combined with other fertilizers. Peat-containing soil for greenhouses should consist of:

• Garden land and peat itself (they need 40% each);

• manure. Not horse, but cow (need 10%);

• Sawdust from trees and ash (5% each).

You can also buy fertilizers based on this substance in stores. So, the extract from it also contains mineral fertilizers. For the plant, it is an organic top dressing, which is obtained by electro-hydraulic treatment, during which the agent is enriched with nitrogen.

The oxidate of the substance acts as a plant growth stimulant. It activates all vital processes in plants, improves metabolism. This has a positive effect on the quantity of the crop, on the ripening of the fruits and on their quality. At the same time, peat oxidate is a substance completely harmless to animals and people.

How to make compost from peat

Peat compost is the easiest way to enrich this substance. To create it, we first need weeds (you can’t take field bindweed), tops of plants from the garden, nettle, burdock, plus leaves and flower stems. We will need lupine, which will enrich the substance with nitrogen, chrysanthemums, medicinal or garden chamomile. But what can not be used is the delphinium, euphorbia and garden irises: These flowers are poisonous and all poisonous of them successfully turn into compost. Castor oil is also not recommended.

Choosing a site for compost should take into account the fact that plants that rot do not smell very good. So, place the compost away from living quarters.

First, sawdust from a tree must be poured onto the ground (layer thickness -0.2 meters). Then we put soil and peat on the sawdust in equal amounts, on top - the same amount of tops. If it is crushed, then you can put even more than soil and peat itself.

We repeat this operation three times and fill it with mullein (infusion) or bird droppings (also like infusion). Superphosphate is also suitable: for 10 liters of water it needs 100 g. We make a layer of our tops even thicker, but first we grind it.

Don't make this pile too high. Ideal Height- from one and a half meters to two. Fertilizer is processed in a year and a half, and it is ready when it becomes crumbly and homogeneous.