Violet care. plant life span

Violet has taken its rightful place not only on the windowsills. There is a club of lovers of these plants who breed fabulously beautiful hybrid specimens, arrange exhibitions and share their experience in caring for violets at home. The species range is represented by thousands of varieties, registered and still in breeding, many known, but not included in the register. Often these are hybrids, obtained by random selection.

Varieties of violets

Violets or saintpaulias are a rosette of leaves without a central stem, with large quantity medium-sized flowers with petals simple and bizarre forms. The color of flower petals, leaves is varied. The shape of the outlet is from simple to strongly terry. Patterned lacy plants are decorative not only on window sills. They create compositions for kitchen apron, racks. Subject to care, the plant will decorate the most modest dwelling.

Violets and related beliefs and folk omens

When growing violets at home, it is believed that these plants strengthen the material condition of the inhabitants and their health.

Violets are credited with the ability to expel ants from their homes. They also create a field of good luck in the house and calm unbalanced people. If a violet dies, it is believed that it took on the host's illness. And if someone from the household is sick, then the violet withers, sharing the torment of the person.

Such signs make the care of the plant settled in the house responsible, since blooming violet will be an indicator of a healthy family.

The color of the inflorescences also matters:

• purple flowers are an indicator of love and understanding;
• blue flowers thrive in a creative atmosphere;
• red warn against excessive commercialism;
• White color brings harmony, removes negativity and suffering;
• a pink flower on the window of a lonely person calls for a couple.

A delicate flower requires a caring attitude towards itself, not only to poke a finger into the ground, but to stop, talk, lovingly touch the leaf. An unloved flower will wither and die for lack of a simple morning greeting. You can rid the flower of negative energy by turning the pots from time to time with the other side towards the light.

Violet planting and care at home

If you decide to start a violet, then you should take into account its preferences. The flower loves bright lighting, but does not tolerate direct sunlight. Violet loves moist soil, but without stagnant water, does not like excessive humidity and does not tolerate spraying the leaf blade. You can clean it only in the shower, but after rare procedures, a dry plant should be taken out, without water droplets on the leaves. Water for irrigation should always be warm and settled. Moderate through the pallet is considered convenient and favorable for the root system.

Violet does not like drafts from the window as well as warm air from the heater, fan. She cannot stand the lack of love and tranquility in the house and inattentive attitude towards herself. If the desire to have a violet has only strengthened, then we are preparing to receive a new family member.

Ground Requirements

Care indoor violets starts with preparation right substrate and plant containers. For planting, an acidic composition is taken, including peat, dried sphagnum moss, leaf ground sand and charcoal.

Moreover, moss and coal should not exceed 10% of general composition main ingredients:

• – 3 volumes;
• leaf land - 5 volumes;
• coarse river sand - 1 part.

Experts advise adding perlite and vermiculite to peat, which help retain moisture in light soil. Poor composition requires the addition of nutrition during growth. Once a year, a humate solution is added in winter, in spring and autumn they make mineral supplements special liquid fertilizer for Saintpaulia. The condition is to prevent overfeeding, the soil should always remain lean.

Capacities and terms of transplantation

Growing violets at home has no trifles. In order for the lump of earth not to turn sour, it must be sufficient for the development of the roots, but without excesses. So, for an adult plant, a glass with a height and a diameter of 10 cm is quite enough, while the lower part of it should be half filled with drainage.

Until the root system fills the pot with earth, the plant will not bloom. For breeding, the first dish can be 6 cm in diameter. The drainage hole must be large enough everywhere. The plant is transplanted every three years, while it is not necessary to change the capacity of the pot, you can only change the ground, carefully cleaning the roots as much as possible.

Reproduction and transplantation of violets

Planting and caring for violets at home begins with receiving young plant. Reproduction can be carried out:

• leaves;
• cuttings;
• seeds;
• rooting of flower stalks.

The simplest, most commonly used method is leaf rooting. Before rooting, the cut of the resulting leaflet should be updated, while making it diagonally across the leaf with a disinfected tool and lowering the cut into water until callus and roots form.

With a root length of 4-7 cm, the leaf can be rooted, covered from above from excessive evaporation and wait for the results to appear. The small plants that appear as they grow are seated in separate containers. These plants will bloom good care in a year.

Hybrid violets, called chimeras, can only be propagated by stepchildren and peduncles that convey maternal qualities. The stepson can be separated from the main outlet with an awl and rooted immediately in a peat tablet.

When transplanting plants, you should make sure that the root system is healthy. The roots of the plant are white, lively and completely fill the container. When taken out of a conical cache-pot, they retain its shape. This is the basis of one of the methods of watering a plant, for which an external cushion soaked through a filter is created. For this, a well-decorated plant is arranged in larger pot with a wet substrate in a special nest.

Revision of the root system consists in removing all brown dead roots. Leave only light living healthy roots. With this treatment, the plant can be washed in water, and the roots straightened and planted in a prepared pot. If the rot has eaten the root, clean the plant to living tissue, sprinkle with activated charcoal and dry, and then re-root in water or in moss, which has bactericidal properties.

Plants feel good in summer at temperatures up to 25, in winter at 18-20. The dryness of the air should be about 50%. The plant requires a year-round day length of at least 10 hours, and during periods of flowering, local illumination with fluorescent lamps.

If watering is carried out through the pan, then the excess water should be drained. When watering in a pot, do not wet the leaves. In summer, a little watered every day, in winter - 2 times a week. A young plant will bloom in a year, not earlier.

If carried out proper care, a photo of violets at home will be a reward.

Plants usually bloom for about 2 months, while flowers that have faded and lost their decorative effect must be plucked.

How to grow violets at home - video

A lot of people like the look of the blooming Duchess saintpaulia, but not everyone has an idea how to care for violets correctly. This article contains recommendations experienced florists how to care for Saintpaulia using the example of the Duchess flower, so that she feels comfortable at home and delights her owners with beautiful and delicate inflorescences all year round.

Pot and soil

For such a flower as Saintpaulia, special care is required. In order to ensure the cultivation and reproduction of plants in a city apartment or a private house, it is necessary to create appropriate living conditions for them, that is, land and a pot in which they most time will be.

Water should be settled for at least a day, and watering itself should be done when the earth in pots containing indoor flowers becomes dry to the touch. Competent care for violets, namely, watering these flowers is done only from above and along the edge of the container, there is no need to fill in indoor flowers. The soil should also not be allowed to dry out. It is bad if the water in the pot is stagnant.

When watering homemade indoor flowers of the Duchess variety, you need to ensure that water does not fall on the outlet, otherwise the stem may begin to rot, which will immediately affect the exterior of Saintpaulia.

Location

Caring for saintpaulias is not limited to caring for the flowers themselves. It is necessary to provide them with normal conditions for growing and reproduction, for example, indoor flowers of the Duchess variety are very demanding on where they are kept.

Growing and propagating violets, most often, takes place in an apartment, on a windowsill. A more convenient place for these plants can not be found. But in order for them to feel comfortable enough there, the place behind the glass must be warm, inaccessible to drafts. Preferably under the pots where they live houseplants build coasters from plastic, foam or painted board, slightly larger than the bottom of the container.

To protect the root system of the flower of the Duchess variety from cold, it is recommended to place one container inside another so that between them there is air layer. Then, the heat will remain even in winter time.

fertilizers

In order for homemade violets to please with inflorescences as often as possible, fertilizers are needed when caring for them. They will not be superfluous during the breeding season of flowers. A light pink kemira of low concentration is suitable as a top dressing, and even then not often. Fertilize Saintpaulia should be immediately after watering. You can use unsweetened tea leaves.

Transfer

The change of habitat for this type of flower, including the Duchess variety, occurs once every six months, usually in autumn and spring. And of course, when the flowers get sick and they need to change the soil. Planting of young plants occurs with a complete replacement of the soil. The transplantation of already formed Saintpaulias requires a partial renewal of the land.

reproduction

Propagated mainly by leaf cuttings. Saintpaulia varieties Duchess is no exception. For reproduction and subsequent cultivation of this type of plant, you need to prepare transparent plastic pots of different diameters so that there is where to seat the "kids".

Violet is undoubtedly one of the most beloved house flowers. Its popularity is explained compact size, unpretentiousness and long flowering. One window sill will fit quite a few pots of violets in pink, blue, white and many other colors. Even a novice florist can cope with their care and reproduction.

Violet flower - description

Violet is a low bush with fleshy leaves and a very short stem. The plant blooms with small flowers, which are collected in brushes. Today there is a large number of their colors. They can be both monophonic and variegated:

• bordered violets have a bright border along the edge of the inflorescence;
• exist fantasy-colored species , on the entire surface of the petals of which there are dots or specks of a different color;
• chimera violets distinguished by a bright line in the middle of the petal.

These home flowers are also distinguished by the structure of the flowers. They can be simple, semi-double and terry. In the latter, the petals are arranged in several rows, thereby forming rather large inflorescences.

Indoor violet - care, photo

It is best to place these unpretentious flowers on the northern, western or eastern window sills. From exposure to direct sunlight, their leaves are burned, stained and not restored.

Temperature and humidity

Indoor violets, care and reproduction which does not cause difficulties, they are not picky about the temperature regime. Optimum temperature air for them is - + 20C ... - + 24C. Mature plants bloom for a very long time at this temperature. Sudden changes in temperature are harmful to them. The leaves in this case may begin to rot, and the flowers fall off.

Watering

How to grow homemade violet to make the plant look beautiful? For this Special attention should be given to its watering, which can be done in several ways:

The bottom watering method for violets is preferable. In this case, the water will definitely not fall on the growing point, and the soil will absorb required amount water. But this method can only be used if the pot in which the violet grows has good drainage holes at the bottom.

Watering should be carried out only after the top layer of soil dries out - about once every 7-10 days at room temperature. If the room is hot, then watering can be more frequent.

soil for violets

AT flower shops Soil mixtures for saintpaulias are sold, in which our violets can be transplanted. You can prepare the soil yourself from the following ingredients:

• leaf ground - 2 parts;
• sod land - 0.5 parts;
• humus - 1 part;
• sand - 1 part.

In the prepared mixture, you can add a little bone meal and 1 tbsp. a spoonful of superphosphate. You should get a slightly acidic loose soil in which violets will grow well and bloom beautifully. A drainage layer should be placed at the bottom of the pot.

Fertilizers for violets

The first few months after transplantation new ground the plant does not need to be fed. Then, during the period of increasing the green mass, the flowers are fed every 10 days. complex fertilizers. To do this, use special fertilizers for Saintpaulia or violets. Can also be applied universal top dressing, but their concentration should be half that indicated in the instructions.

Transplanting violets at home

Annual transplantation has a beneficial effect on the growth and flowering of the plant. It allows you to replace depleted soil and hide the bare part of the stem from below. The following signs indicate that a flower needs a transplant:

1. An earthen clod entwined with roots.
2. White coating on the surface of the soil.

Transplant violets should be in the spring or after the plant has faded. To do this, take a container slightly larger than the previous one and strictly follow the rules for transplanting violets:

• it is recommended to transplant into plastic pots, since the soil dries out quickly in clay and ceramic flowerpots;
• drainage from expanded clay or sphagnum moss is laid out at the bottom of the tank;
• the soil should be designed specifically for violets and be well moisture and breathable;
• in the process of transplantation mature plant it is necessary to rejuvenate by cutting off the large lower leaves for this and reducing root system;
• the root system is carefully examined and, in the presence of rotten roots, the earth is shaken off, and the rotten parts are cut off;
• if the roots were cut off, then these places are sprinkled with crushed wood or activated carbon;
• if your violet is not yet three years old, then it should be transplanted by transshipment, since young plants do not tolerate what disturbs their root system;
• the pot is filled with soil so that about one centimeter remains to the top of the container - in this case, when watering, water will not flow out of the pot;
• the bush should not be deepened much.

Transplanted bushes are not watered. They are covered with transparent plastic bag, due to which moisture and good survival are ensured.

If you do not need to update the plants, then transplantation can be carried out by transshipment. Most of all, this method is suitable for miniature varieties. During transshipment, the old soil is shaken off only partially or not at all. In this way, flowering specimens can be transplanted if they require an emergency transplant.

Pinching

How to grow a homemade violet to make a beautiful and lush bush? Experienced flower growers plant is recommended to pinch. The lower leaves take strength from the flower and fade over time, so they need to be torn off with cuttings. You also need to get rid of yellowed ugly foliage and sluggish inflorescences. Since over time the trunk of the plant will be exposed after pinching from below, it is transplanted with deepening.

In order for the bush to grow evenly, the plant must be regularly rotated in a circle.

Propagation of violets by leaf

This breeding method has two options:

For reproduction, you need to choose healthy large leaves from the middle row of the bush. From one leaf you can get several outlets.

Reproduction of violets by division

Overgrown adult bushes can be divided into separate outlets. For this, new small pots with soil are prepared, an overgrown plant is taken out, and the sockets are neatly separated from each other. In this case, you need to ensure that each instance has several pairs of leaves and good roots. Bottom part must match the top. If there are few roots and a lot of leaves, then the extra leaves must be removed. Compliance with the proportion will help the plant quickly adapt and take root in new conditions.

Young rosettes are planted in pots and for several days they are covered with polyethylene or glass jar. They should be aired daily and checked for soil moisture.

Violets can also be propagated by seeds, but this one is quite hard way practically not used. The best option is reproduction by leaf and division of the bush.

Violets pests

Most often, the plant can affect:

1. Spider and other types of mites. If small red dots, brown eaten marks or cobwebs are found on the leaves, the flower must be processed by special means against ticks (acaracids).
2. Thrips eat both leaves and buds. When they appear, the flowers are cut off, and the bush is processed by Aktara.
3. Scale insects can settle on violets, which are quite difficult to get rid of. They can be found on reverse side leaves, where they leave behind a sticky liquid. The plant needs to be treated with Agravertin.
4. A bush affected by nemethods begins to rot. In this case, the plant is completely destroyed.

Diseases of violets

Indoor violet, the care and reproduction of which you have already studied, is resistant to diseases. But more fastidious varietal plants can be affected by some diseases:

1. Powdery mildew is the most common disease of violets. White bloom on the leaves is a sign powdery mildew. You can get rid of it with the help of Bentlan or Fundazol.
2. Gray rot on the stems and leaves of the flower forms gray spots. When they are found, diseased parts of the plant are cut off, and the bush itself is treated with a fungicide. It is recommended to replace soil that can no longer be used.
3. Late blight is a disease in which the leaves form brown spots and the roots begin to rot. The diseased plant and soil are destroyed. The pot is sterilized.
4. Rust appears on the leaves in the form of orange spots. To get rid of it, a 1% solution of copper sulfate is used.
5. Furaziosis leads to rotting of petioles of foliage and stem. A disease occurs due to an excess of moisture. The affected bush is treated with a fungicide.

Possible difficulties in growing violets

Novice flower growers are most often interested in issues related to yellowing of the leaves, lack of flowering and leaf spot.

If the violet does not bloom

The reasons for this may be:

• pests;
• insufficiently humid air;
• waterlogging of the soil;
• an overabundance of nitrogen fertilizing (phosphorus and potash fertilizers are needed for flowering);
• short daylight hours;
• lack of light;
• too dense substrate;
• very large capacity (until the plant fills the pot with its roots, it will not bloom).

Spots on the leaves

Spots appear in the following cases:

• when the bush is affected by diseases or pests;
• dry spots form from direct sunlight;
• spots along the edge of the leaves indicate the depletion of the substrate and the lack of potassium in it.

If the leaves began to turn yellow

Possible reasons:

Knowing all the rules for caring for violets, and observing them, you can grow beautiful and long flowering bushes. different varieties. Moreover, growing and propagating violets is quite simple.

miniature, different colors, shades and shapes, with delicate velvety violet leaves will not leave anyone indifferent. Watching a violet in a shop window, many do not even realize that caring for violets is not an easy task, requiring a certain discipline. In order for violets to bloom luxuriantly and abundantly all year round, a number of conditions must be met. In our article, we will reveal the secrets of care that will help create comfortable conditions for your violets.

In order for the violet not only to grow and develop well, but also to delight you with abundant flowering at any time of the year, first of all, you need to pick correct pot. The most important factor is the size: the pot should not be large, but not small. In the first case, the root system of the flower will begin to grow actively, all juices and forces will be spent on the development of roots and leaves. This is fraught with the fact that the violet will not have the strength to bloom, and pruning of the roots can only be done when.

Otherwise too small pot will constrain the roots, they will not be able to develop and take useful material from the ground. To make the flower feel comfortable, it is recommended to choose a pot that will be three times smaller than the diameter of the outlet. The best option it is considered a clay or ceramic, wide, but shallow pot. Before transplanting, the violet should be carefully examined and the damaged roots cut off, because you will not have to change the pot soon.

The soil for violets can be taken universal. In specialized stores you can also find (as the violet is called). The soil should be loose and not overburdened with fertilizers, with a slightly acidic reaction. Dense, moisture-accumulating soil harms the root system of the plant. The flower is also without fail needs drainage. It is strictly forbidden to use soil from a garden or vegetable garden - spores of fungi and pest larvae can get along with it.

Temperature and lighting

Violets do not tolerate heat, so in order for them to bloom indoors, you need to provide a temperature in the range of 17–22 degrees. If the temperature is higher, the plants bloom less intensively and may lose unopened buds. It is better to move the violet to a cool room or provide constant ventilation, you can use an air conditioner or a fan. However, flowers should not be near them.

Although daylight plays an important role in care, direct sunlight should still be avoided. The presence behind the glass of trees with dense foliage or light curtains on the windows will provide flowers with diffused lighting. In the case when there is not enough light in the room, you need to use fluorescent lamps. But you need to turn them on regularly, as the flower needs a regimen.

It will not be superfluous to take care of the humidity of the air: the percentage should be above average, perhaps even slightly increased. From its lack, growth and a set of buds slow down, the plant blooms poorly. The easiest way to buy a humidifier. You can also arrange decorative water containers in the room.

Watering, feeding and fertilizing

How to make violets bloom for at least ten months a year? Provide plants: choose the optimal temperature and light conditions a little, you also need to choose the right spraying. For watering and spraying, it is better to use water with a temperature a few degrees below room temperature. In order for chlorine to leave the water and salts to settle, it is recommended to defend the water for at least a day.

During flowering, spray the violet with extreme care so that water does not fall on the flowers. Abundant watering should be avoided altogether: it is better to pour water into trays. If the plant does not have a pallet, then pour the liquid in a thin stream and in small portions onto the soil near the outlet. Excessive moisture can lead not only to the loss of flower buds, root rot, but also fungal. In this case, even pruning the affected parts will not save the plant from death.

Illiterate and excessive feeding can cause serious damage to the health of Saintpaulia and its ability to bloom. the plant can be only once a month, otherwise the leaves may fall off. Excessive use of nitrogen provokes the development of new foliage and stepchildren, which draw life-giving forces from the plant.

Fertilizers should be used moderately and correctly: the content of phosphorus and potassium should be higher than nitrogen.

Feed should be a flower that has undergone a long and abundant flowering. Newly transplanted plants should not be fertilized. It is also not recommended to feed violets in winter.

flower formation

How to care for violets so that they have nice shape? The appearance of the violet can be adjusted by forming a rosette. To ensure flowering and a neat, regular shape, faded flowers and damaged leaves are cut off. In addition, cut off small neighboring shoots, stepchildren.

The plant grows thanks to them, that. Ideally, a blooming violet has three rows of leaves, so pruning an "adult" plant cannot be avoided. Also, the shape of the plant is given with the help of lighting: the flower must be periodically turned to the light in different directions. For rejuvenation, we thin out the leaves and completely cut off the bottom row.

Now you know how to care for a violet so that it blooms twelve months a year. Cherish your blooming beauty and she will thank you with her beauty.

From this video you will learn how to properly care for violets.

One of the most beloved houseplants among gardeners is violets (lat. Víola or saintpaulias). Their beauty attracts the attention of people even very far from floriculture, violets on the windowsill look great. However, violet home care requires careful attention, so it is considered difficult to breed these indoor flowers.

Externally, the flower is a rosette of leaves. It can be simple or terry. Distinctive feature- lack of a central stem. Blooms with small flowers different color and forms. The plant has a large species diversity.

Homeland violets - tropical countries. Particularly scrupulous is the care of violets in winter - a time characterized by a lack of sunlight and an excess of artificial heat. For proper maintenance, we have prepared the rules for care and reproduction.

Requirements for the conditions of keeping violets:

• temperature regime: in summer up to +25 C; in winter + 18-20 C;
• humidity level 50%;
• illumination level - daylight at least 10 hours a day
• required during flowering additional lighting fluorescent lamps.

In flower shops you can find both violet seedlings and big choice seeds. Self-cultivation violets from seeds is a fascinating process, but it requires certain experience and knowledge, so it is more suitable for experienced flower growers. For beginners, it is recommended to opt for already finished seedlings. Firstly, you can immediately see the varietal qualities: appearance, color, shape and size of flowers. Secondly, in specialized stores and flower markets, seedlings are sold in pots or phytocassettes that protect the sensitive root system of violets from negative factors environment.

Growing seedlings

Grow planting material you can do it yourself from seeds. Advantage - the resulting copy may differ from the parent material, and in better side. This is big chance withdraw new variety. The mistake of many inexperienced flower growers is to focus only on the front side of the bag when choosing seeds. In fact, the appearance of the flower rarely matches the picture. For example, violet horned growing from seeds, which is most often practiced, has a wide variety of colors, up to black with bright spots of flowers.

The package must contain the following information:

• name in Russian and Latin;
• variety (exception when it comes to a species plant);
• shelf life;
• germination;
• the number of seeds in one bag (in pieces or grams);
• description appearance: size and color of flowers.

Among connoisseurs, heterotic hybrids are highly valued, i.e. hybrids with increased viability. Their names must contain the symbol "F1". The cost of such seeds is much higher, but the highest quality planting material is obtained.

Successful growing of violets at home begins with the right substrate for growing seedlings. Its composition:

• drainage from ceramic shards;
• coarse river sand;
• a thin layer of sphagnum moss;
• at the end - prepared soil: crushed peat (sifted through a sieve with a cell of 0.5-1 mm) and perlite in a ratio of 1: 1.

All fillers must be sterilized. Moss and soil are processed in a “steam bath”, shards and sand in a hot oven.

Sowing is carried out in special phytocassettes with a lid on the surface of moistened soil. Stored in a warm place away from direct sunlight. Conditions of detention:

• temperature regime not lower than +20 C;
• sufficient moisture (do not allow the surface of the soil to dry out).

The predicted emergence of seedlings is on the 20-25th day, with a temperature regime not lower than +250 - seedlings may appear already after 14 days after sowing.

Photo instruction for growing violets from a leaf

seedling care

The secrets of caring for violets at the growing stage lie in the proper maintenance of seedlings. The main fear of saintpaulia is dry soil and water ingress on the leaves and basal neck.

After the emergence of seedlings, the cover of the cassette is replaced with a covering one. nonwoven fabric(spunbond type) to eliminate the possibility of dripping and improve air exchange.

bottom watering or drip irrigation when water constantly or at certain time intervals flows directly to the root system of each plant, which completely eliminates the possibility of wetting the ground part of the violet.

With the advent of two full-fledged leaves, the seedlings are transplanted into individual pots.

Transplantation of violets

Violets planting and care at home, which for most people is akin to a sacrament, delight their breeders with a lush color, only if they are periodically transplanted. Over time, the soil becomes caked and its acidity changes, as a result of deterioration in air exchange and lack of nutrients. Replacing the pot when transplanting is not required. If the flower is not crowded, then you can limit yourself to replacing the soil.

When to transplant violets?

The highest survival rate in spring period. It is not recommended to transplant violets in the summer heat. If it is possible to compensate for the lack of daylight for plants, which is typical for mid-latitudes in autumn winter period, then transplantation can be done almost all year round.

Education indicates souring white plaque on the surface. Air exchange is disturbed in the soil or an excess of minerals accumulates.

Flowering begins only after the root system fills the entire pot with earth. Enlarging the pot requires a plant whose root system is very tightly entangled with an earthen ball. When choosing a container for a flower, we are guided by the rule: the flower should be 3 times larger than the diameter of the pot. It is recommended to use plastic container. In ceramic and clay pots, the soil dries out faster. Violet leaves wither on contact with these materials.

Transplant rules

Violet transplantation can be carried out in three ways:

• transplantation with a complete replacement of the soil (recommended for adult plants in case of bare stem, withering or acidification of the soil);
• transfer from partial replacement soil (optimal for young plants of miniature varieties and in cases of changing the pot to a larger one in diameter);
• transshipment (for urgent transplantation or young children).

A transplant with a complete replacement of the soil makes it possible to clean the root system of harmful elements.

1. Remove the plant from the pot. Healthy living violet roots are white and fill the entire space of the pot. Brown dead roots are removed. Can be washed with water. If there is rot, the plant is trimmed down to living tissue. Sections are treated with activated charcoal and dried. With significant damage to the root system, the plant should be re-rooted in sphagnum moss, which has bactericidal properties, or in an aquatic environment.
2. Delete everything yellow leaves and flower stalks.
3. Sections are processed with coal chips.
4. If, as a result of cleaning the roots, their number has noticeably decreased, it is necessary to replace the pot with a smaller diameter.
5. Drainage is laid at the bottom, then a layer of soil on which the roots of the plant are laid out. From above, the earth is filled up to the level of the lower leaves. To make the soil settle down well, tap on the walls of the pot.
6. Do not water the transplanted plant for 1 day. To provide required level humidity, it can be covered with a plastic bag.
7. After a day, inspect the violet. If the leg is bare, it is necessary to add soil.

Transplantation with partial soil replacement is carried out similarly to the previous method with one difference. Only the soil that is easily shaken off is removed from the roots of the plant. Advantage - minimal damage to the root system, because. she remains in an earthen coma.

During transshipment, the violet is removed from the old pot along with everything earthy clod and placed in a new container. If necessary, fresh soil is added.

soil for violets

Whether you are planting a new young plant or repotting an old one, the quality of the soil is essential to the success of the whole event. Violet home care, which is very important, prefers an acidic environment with few nutrients. The ideal substrate should be very light, well pass through itself air and moisture. Its composition:

• peat (3 parts, sometimes diluted with perlite or vermiculite to retain moisture);
• dried sphagnum moss (no more than 10% of the total volume);
• leaf ground (5 parts);
• sand (1 part);
• coal (no more than 10% of the total volume).

The soil for violets is poor. On the one hand, this is an advantage, because the plant does not tolerate overfeeding, on the other hand, top dressing is required during the growth period. In winter, a humate solution is added (1 time per year). In spring and summer, special mineral fertilizers for violets.

Watering methods

Important! When watering, you can not fill the flower and allow water to get on the leaves (they are cleaned of dust with a damp cloth) and flowers.

Top watering. The most labor intensive way. To help you - a small watering can with a long spout or a large syringe. The amount of water is determined visually. If moisture begins to drip through the drainage holes, watering is completed. The advantage of overhead watering is the leaching of excess salts from the substrate.

For bottom watering, the pot is placed in a container with water (water height ¼ height flower pot) and left for a while until the soil in it darkens, which indicates its sufficient moisture. Experienced flower growers, who know exactly how much water their pets need, pour into the pan a certain amount of and wait for it to soak in. You can not put several in one pallet flower pots. This is an easy way to spread disease. The disadvantage of this method is that there is no leaching of salts, as with top watering.

Wick watering. We recall the capillary effect from the 7th grade physics course. We place the pot with violet on a container of water, so that its bottom does not touch the surface of the water. In the role of a wick, we use a strip of fabric or a cord. We pass one end into the drainage hole, the other is immersed in water. The flower will take as much moisture as it needs. Wick watering is convenient in conditions of frequent changes in temperature and humidity levels. The amount of moisture consumed is regulated by the needs of the flower at the moment.

Despite the convenience, wick irrigation has a number of significant disadvantages. It is not recommended to use it for watering large plants ( maximum size pot up to 8 cm in diameter). It is risky to use in winter, because. the water temperature can drop significantly, and cold water is contraindicated for violets. Some varieties do not perceive watering through the wick.

For watering violets, you must use a soft warm ( room temperature) water. Cold water leads to the absence of flowering, rotting of the root system, up to the death of the flower. You can soften and purify water by boiling, using household filters, or letting the water stand for a couple of days.

If water with increased hardness after boiling is added to 1 liter of 5 crystals citric acid or 1 tsp vinegar. Watering with acidified water is recommended no more than once a month.

Important! For irrigation, you can not use magnetized water and with a silver content.

Reproduction of violets

Any floriculture forum will reveal all the secrets of growing violets. After studying the opinions of their participants, you come to the conclusion that the most common and easiest way to propagate violets is rooting. leaf cutting in water or substrate.

The optimal time for cuttings is the spring-summer period. We choose the greenest and strongest leaf from an adult young plant of medium size from the bottom row, if there are several, after watering the flower.

Rooting in the aquatic environment

At the leaf selected for rooting, the stalk is cut so that up to sheet plate 3-4 cm left. The cut can be at a right angle or an angle of 450. We use only a clean and dry tool with a well-sharpened blade. The sheet is placed in water. The rooting process of violets lasts from 14 days to a month or more, depending on the variety. When the roots reach 1-2 cm, the cutting is transplanted into the ground until the children appear.

If the leaf withered (for example, during transportation) or was plucked from an unwatered plant, it is necessary to resuscitate in order to restore turgor: put the whole leaf in a weak water solution potassium permanganate. The water temperature is approximately 250. Withstand 2-3 hours.

If, in the process of rooting in the aquatic environment, the process of decay has begun, the cut is updated along the healthy part of the leaf and treated with coal powder. The sheet is placed in a disinfected container with new clean water.

Advantages. Allows you to control the process of root formation and not miss the right moment for further action (provided that a glass or transparent plastic vessel is used).

Rooting in the ground

The leaf cutting is placed immediately in the ground, bypassing aquatic environment. The advantages of the method are that the germination time is reduced (the plant does not have to adapt first to one conditions, then to others) and the children appear faster. The Expert Forum recommends this method for propagating miniature violet varieties. For their rooting, leaves with cuttings of 1-1.5 cm are taken.

Regardless of the method of reproduction, it is important to observe the conditions for keeping the cuttings:

• keeping in the greenhouse until the appearance of children;
• stable temperature regime 22-250 (without direct sunlight);
• lighting 12 hours;
• good air exchange in the substrate;
• watering as the substrate dries with prepared water.

Video about caring for violets at home