How to prepare the soil for pepper seedlings. Secrets of soil preparation for tomatoes

For all vegetables, the yield depends not only on the variety and level of agricultural technology, but also on how well you placed them in the garden or greenhouse, on whether they have enough light and what are the soil and groundwater levels on the plot, but sweet and hot pepper - especially. Suitable soil for growing them is almost half the success, and pepper reacts to all the little things: not only to its fertility or chemical composition, but also to mechanical, that is, to what it has more of - sand or clay, into what lumps it goes astray - into large or small ones, and also on what kind of fertilizers were applied to it.

Soil selection for planting

The best ground for pepper is light loamy or sandy loamy soil with a structure in the form of small lumps and a large proportion of humus, rich in nutrients, but always without excess nitrogen. On slightly acidic soils, the yield of pepper worsens, especially in early varieties, and on pronouncedly acidic soils, it generally grows very poorly. Suitable acidity for growing peppers is pH 6-6.6 (for seedlings and young plants - up to 6.8), and the best is pH about 6.4. If the indicator is less than 6, liming materials must be added to the soil - chalk, slaked lime or calcareous tuff.

soil fertilization

Soil analysis should also be carried out in order to know exactly how much fertilizer should be laid under the pepper as the main fertilizer. If the soil is too poor, the average doses that are usually indicated in the reference books may not be enough, and if the nutrients are richer than the average, the pepper may receive too much nitrogen. This should not be allowed, because the pepper will begin to “fatten” from this - it will grow a lot of stems and leaves, and it will give very little fruit (or even not at all). It is no coincidence that he should always be given less nitrogen fertilizers than leafy vegetables and root crops, and on undepleted chernozems they can not be added to the ground at all. For the same reason, peppers should not be fed with manure in any of its forms - there is too much nitrogen in it for this vegetable. On alkaline soils, potash fertilizers have to be excluded. Even under pepper, in no case should fertilizers containing chlorine be applied or used for feeding (as well as watered with chlorinated water), such as ammonium chloride, potassium electrolyte and some other potassium salts - it is very sensitive to this substance, plants will get sick and will not give a good harvest.

Fertilizers for pepper are planted in the soil in advance, from autumn or a few weeks before planting seedlings, most often mixing organic fertilizers with mineral ones. From organic fertilizers, pepper responds better to fermented bird droppings, although more often humus or compost is added to the soil for plowing - 7-10 kg per 1 m 2, and in some areas - non-acidic peat (this is without sufficient experience and accurate knowledge of it acidity is undesirable, you can acidify the soil). If you use only mineral fertilizers, they should be on average 1.5-2 times more than if they were added to organic ones.

The average amount (without amendments to the soil) of mineral fertilizers, which are most often used: 15-20 g of urea, 40-50 g of superphosphate and 20-25 g of potassium sulfate per 1 m 2. On ordinary medium-fertile soils, the ratio between nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be 2: 2: 1 (here we do not mean the weight of the fertilizers themselves in grams, but only the presence of nutrients); for the poor - 2: 1.5: 1 with a larger total number; on good chernozems - 0.5-1: 2: 1 or without nitrogen at all.

In addition, if you have such an opportunity, add wood ash to fertilizers - it contains the necessary nutrients, and pests with diseases will be less bothersome.

In order for the harvest to be greater and for the plants to get sick less, it is very important to observe crop rotation. The best precursors for pepper are legumes, onions, pumpkin and perennial herbs (the turnover of their layer), early cabbage is acceptable, but after potatoes, tomatoes, eggplant or physalis, it should never be planted.

The place under the pepper should be well lit by the sun and protected from strong winds.

Qualitatively grown seedlings guarantee a rich harvest of vegetables from your garden, so it is extremely important to ensure the optimal composition of the soil in which the seeds will germinate. The right soil for seedlings must meet certain requirements: be not too acidic, moderately porous and loose. The components of the substrate may differ depending on the specific crop, but if necessary, you can use a universal soil mixture that is suitable for cabbage, cucumbers and tomatoes.

Show all

General soil requirements

The composition of the soil mixture for growing seedlings can be different depending on the requirements of a particular vegetable crop. But there are certain characteristics that it must meet:

• the content of all the nutrients required by the plant for rapid growth and normal development;
• balance of macro- and microelements necessary for the development of crops, in the forms available to them;
• sufficient access to the roots of air plants - the structure of the soil mixture should be light and loose;
• increased moisture absorption and the ability to retain it for a long time;
• neutral acid reaction - for this, the pH level must be in the range from 6.5 to 7;
• the absence of microbes, pathogenic bacteria, weed seeds, industrial waste, salts of heavy metals and other harmful impurities that can adversely affect the development of young plants.

Soil components

Many beginners make a standard mistake when they take ordinary soil from their garden for seedlings. Poor quality land causes problems when growing seedlings. In this case, you have to buy plants ready for planting from more experienced specialists.

To avoid a negative result, you need to mix the seedling soil yourself. Any seedling soil mixture consists of organic and inorganic components mixed in different proportions.

Organic Ingredients:

• Humus - is rotted manure or parts of plants, therefore it is the most fertile soil of all soil varieties.
• Peat - must be part of the seedling soil mixture. This substance provides access to the required amount of moisture and gives the soil friability.
• Leafy soil - differs from other types of soil in that it has a high rate of friability. However, it is poor in nutrients, so it cannot be used as the main component of the mixture. Most often, leafy land is harvested in forest belts, where deciduous trees grow. Land from under a willow, chestnut or oak should not be taken, as it contains too many tannins that slow down the growth of seedlings.
• Sod land - is a turf cut into squares. It is prepared from autumn and stored folded in piles.
• Sphagnum moss - also used to loosen the soil.
• Grain husks and sunflower husks are used as natural leavening agents.
• Wood ash - used as top dressing. Birch is the most valued.
• Dried and crushed egg shells from raw eggs - used as top dressing.

Inorganic constituents:

• River sand. It is pre-washed to remove all impurities until the water is clear. The sand should be light, as the intensely colored composition contains a lot of iron and manganese salts, which are harmful to plants. Sand is an optimal baking powder and helps to develop the skeletal parts of young plants.
• Perlite is an environmentally friendly substance with neutral acidity. This material is not subject to decomposition and rotting, has a high absorbency. It is added to increase the looseness and breathability of the soil in order to reduce the likelihood of compaction and the formation of a hard crust on the surface. Perlite gradually releases the moisture absorbed into it to the plant, which ensures optimal soil moisture and prevents rotting of the roots.
• Vermiculite is an environmentally friendly substance with a high porosity. It has properties similar to perlite, but in addition contains a small amount of calcium, magnesium and potassium.
• Hydrogel - is an inert polymer with high moisture capacity. It is used to reduce the number of waterings and create a constant level of moisture in the soil mixture.
• Fluffy lime - added to the soil to reduce acidity.
• Shredded Styrofoam - can be used as drainage.
• Expanded clay - also used for soil drainage.



What can not be added to the soil for seedlings?

To grow high-quality seedlings, it is necessary to ensure that the prepared soil mixture does not get:

• fresh manure;
• tea brew;
• not rotted foliage.

During the decomposition of these components, the amount of nitrogen in the soil decreases and heat is released, which is detrimental to plants. With an increase in soil temperature above +30 degrees, the root system of vegetable crops dies.

Clay should not be added to the seedling soil mixture. This substance compacts the soil and makes it heavy, impairing the ability to pass air and moisture. Such a substrate causes diseases of tender seedlings and can lead to the death of young plants.



Soil composition for different crops

Many novice gardeners prefer to use ready-made soil mixtures from the store. In this case, there is a high probability of acquiring poor-quality soil that has an acidic environment due to the excess peat content. Such land, even with the addition of mineral fertilizers, will not allow you to get high-quality seedlings.

Summer residents with experience prepare the soil for seedlings on their own. To mix the soil components, it is convenient to spread a large piece of polyethylene on the ground and pour out the required amount of each ingredient.




Name of culture	Soil composition	Mineral additives (per 10 liters of soil)
eggplant	2 parts of humus, 1 part of peat, 1/2 of rotted sawdust. 1 bucket garden soil, 1/2 cup birch ash	80 g of superphosphate; 10 g of ammonium nitrate; 20 g potassium sulfate
Cabbage	Sod, humus and peat in equal proportions. 20 parts of sod land, 5 parts of wood ash, 1 part of river sand and peat. 12 parts peat, 4 parts sod, 1 part coarse sand	15 g of urea; 20 g of superphosphate; 25 g of dolomite flour; 10 g potassium sulfate
cucumbers	2 parts of humus and peat, 1 part of rotted sawdust. Sod and humus in equal quantities. 6 parts of peat, 1 part of humus, mullein, rotted sawdust and river sand. Humus, sod, peat and rotted sawdust in equal parts	8 g of ammonium nitrate; 10 g of superphosphate, dolomite flour and potassium sulfate
Pepper	2 parts humus, 1 part sod. Equal amount of humus and peat. 3 parts humus, 2 parts sod. 2 parts peat, 1 part sod. 4 parts of peat, 2 parts of sod, 1 part of rotted sawdust and humus	Same as eggplant
tomatoes	16 parts peat, 4 parts sod, 1 part mullein. Pour 3 liters of birch ash into each bucket of soil mixture. 6 parts peat, 2 parts rotted sawdust, 1 part mullein. Add 3 liters of birch ash to a bucket of a mixture with this composition. An equal amount of humus, peat, sod and rotted sawdust. In a bucket of mixture, mix 1.5 tbsp. wood ash	As for eggplant

If necessary, you can mix a universal soil mixture that is suitable for growing cucumbers, tomatoes and cabbage. Such a soil mixture consists of 2 parts of earth from the garden and 1 part of rotted compost, peat and river sand. Mineral fertilizers are added to the prepared substrate, depending on the variety of the vegetable whose seeds will be sown.

Pepper is a rather capricious and demanding culture. However, most gardeners and gardeners have adapted to its requirements regarding soil, watering, heat, and successfully grow it in their backyards. There are many guidelines in the handbooks on how to how to prepare soil for peppers, including for seedlings. Let's review the information.

Soil for pepper seedlings

Pepper is a heat-loving plant, so it is recommended to grow it only with seedlings. Since pepper does not tolerate picking, it is recommended to immediately sow the seeds in separate pots (preferably peat ones). The diameter of the pots is no more than 10 cm.

Soil for seedlings should consist of the following components:

- garden soil
- Humus, which saturates the soil with minerals, increasing its fertility.
- River sand, which is a good baking powder, and earth.

The components are mixed in a ratio of 1: 2: 1 and ash is added here (for each kilogram of substrate - 1 tablespoon). You can add peat - it provides the soil with the necessary friability and moisture.

The substrate must be uniform and fine, for which it should be sieved. Must be carried out disinfection measures:

1. The easiest way to disinfect is to water the soil with potassium permanganate. After the soil has been watered abundantly, wait until it dries and only after that you can plant the seeds.
2. More complex methods include calcination - soil treatment by exposure to high temperatures (up to 80 degrees on average). This can be done by placing the earth in a preheated oven or microwave.
3. Steaming - for several hours you need to steam the soil in a water bath with the lid tightly closed. This procedure should be performed a month before the start of soil use. Then the microflora of the soil will have time to recover by the beginning of sowing.
4. Fungicides are also used, they must be dissolved in water and poured abundantly on the soil, thereby destroying various types of fungi that may be in the ground.
5. And in order to improve the quality of the substrate and saturate the soil with air, it is recommended to add natural soil disintegrators to it - perlite or vermiculite - these are processed small minerals.

It's simple! For sowing, you can also use a special soil mixture, making it easier for yourself to carefully soil preparation for pepper seedlings. Such soil is sold in garden stores and has a fairly reasonable price.

Pepper seedlings can be grown in greenhouses or at home on a balcony or windowsill. Plant the seeds to a depth of 1.5 cm.

Pepper is a plant very sensitive to lack of moisture, so its seedlings should be watered abundantly, but be aware of the measure. If you overfill the seedlings, a fungus can start in it and the plant will die. It should be watered with warm water, since from cold - plants can also die or get sick with a black leg.

Soil for planting in a greenhouse and open field

Peppers prefer a warm microclimate, so they are most often planted to greenhouses providing the right air temperature.

autumn ground for peppers dug up and saturate with organic fertilizers, for example, compost or manure. Dose of organic fertilizers: 5-6 kg per 1 m2. During the winter, the fertilizers will overheat, the beds will become warm and quite fertile. And this is the ideal soil for growing peppers in a greenhouse.

In the spring, before planting seedlings, the soil is re-dug and fertilized. Now potash and phosphorus fertilizers are already being applied. Dose: 40 g per 1 m2. Nitrogen fertilizers are also needed, their dosage is 30 g per 1 m2. Fertilizers can be prepared independently. This will require humus (but not fresh manure), a glass of wood ash, a glass of double superphosphate and 25 g of saltpeter. This composition is used per 1 square meter of area.

Before planting seedlings, the soil is thoroughly loosened to a depth of about 15 cm, holes are made into which one and a half to two liters of water are poured. Then pepper is planted there along with a clod of earth in which it grew. The lower leaves should be at ground level. After planting, the plant is compacted by hand and covered with mulch (peat, humus), which prevents the evaporation of moisture from the soil.

Before planting, it is advisable to preheat the air in the greenhouse. The temperature of the soil must be at least 15 degrees, otherwise the peppers start to hurt and lose their ability to absorb nutrients. The optimum soil temperature for peppers is 25 degrees.

Greenhouses must be thoroughly ventilated, especially after watering, and do not forget to loosen the soil to a depth of 10 to 3 cm (it is gradually reduced as the plants grow).

2-3 days after planting in a permanent place, it is useful to spud seedlings with moist soil, the height of the mound is about 3-4 cm. Hilling will help the young plant take root better.

Soil for planting peppers in open ground prepared in the same way as for greenhouses. In addition, you should choose the right site for landing. Pepper is afraid of drafts and loves light and warmth. Therefore, the site should be bright and protected from drafts.

At the end of May, when the soil warms up well, seedlings can be planted in a permanent place. Now she is no longer afraid of illness.

If you use the advice of experts and take care of this extremely healthy vegetable, then a good harvest will not be long in coming!

​Related Articles​

We select components for the soil

For this, a solution of copper sulfate is prepared (1 tablespoon per bucket of water), which we then pour over the prepared area. In a greenhouse made of film, but not heated, seedlings can be planted in the first decade of April. Planting pattern 60-70 by 20-30 cm. Before transplanting, the seedlings are well watered. On a hot day, it is better to plant seedlings in the afternoon, and on a cloudy day, in the morning. Each well is watered with thermal water, at the rate of 1-2 liters per well. Next, we take out the seedlings from the pots and plant them a little deeper than they grew before. This approach makes it possible to form adventitious roots on the main stem.

In general, peppers like high temperatures and normal humidity. The site is better to choose sunny and as protected from the winds as possible. The best option is the south side of the house. If there is no natural protection from the wind, you can build an artificial whip from twigs or other improvised material. The most suitable version of the predecessors of pepper is considered to be cucumber, cabbage, representatives of the legume family and table root vegetables, such as beets or carrots.

• pepper seeds germinate very slowly Be sure to monitor the temperature fluctuations in the pots, the allowable rate: from + 15 ° C to + 13 ° C.
• The container with seedlings needs to be turned all the time relative to the window so that the seedlings do not lean (you can highlight it with a phytolamp). Arrange the seeds so that they are between two layers of moistened clean tissue;
• To do this, we need a capacious colander and a pan, selected in such a way that it does not fall into it. Pour enough water into the pan so that it reaches the bottom of the colander, but does not show through its holes inside. Then we collect a full colander of soil, put it on a saucepan, cover it with a lid on top. The soil should be steamed for one to two hours over low heat. This method does not destroy minerals and trace elements, but at the same time it destroys fungus, bacteria, larvae, and insect eggs. After this procedure, it is recommended to "populate" the soil with beneficial microorganisms. For this, the Baikal tool or similar ones are the best suited. First method. It is good to pour the prepared fertile mixture with a solution of potassium permanganate (3 g per 10 liters of water), and then carry out additional treatment with antifungal drugs.
• To one part of sod land add 1 part of peat and river sand. The resulting composition is thoroughly mixed, after which it is well watered with a nutrient solution consisting of 25-30 grams of superphosphate, potassium sulfate and 10 grams of carbamide per 10 liters of water. In addition to peat, the soil for seedlings acquires good porosity after the addition of coarse-grained river sand. It is this component that creates the best conditions for growing garden plants in seedlings. River sand and peat can replace sawdust, but before using them, they must be treated with boiling water.

We mix the components

The guarantee of a good harvest of tomatoes, cabbage, peppers and eggplant from your summer cottage will be properly grown seedlings. Therefore, first of all, you need to take care of the soil in which the seeds will germinate. The soil mixture for seedlings must meet certain characteristics. It should have good porosity, looseness and not too acidic. Such indicators can be achieved provided that the soil for seedlings is properly prepared.

Low-growing varieties with early ripening are planted in a row after 15 cm or 30-40 cm, but two plants per hole. After planting in the ground between the rows, they immediately loosen.

You should not plant pepper in the place where potatoes or tomatoes used to grow, because young seedlings can automatically get a whole “bouquet” of diseases of their predecessors through the soil.

- It happens that you have to wait up to three weeks. That is why they should be sown about three months before they settle in a permanent place of residence in a greenhouse, under a film or in open ground. Young gardeners often make mistakes in terms of planting. Let's say right away - late sowing leads to the fact that the crop will not be obtained due to late flowering at the end of summer, the maximum that you can count on is small "non-peppers".

Before planting in the ground, peppers must be fed at least twice. Namely: 14 days after picking and 14 days after the first feeding. Usually, the under-edges are applied in liquid form. For ease of use, you can buy already prepared fertilizers for seedlings. Here are some of the most used: Agricola, Fertika Lux, Krepysh, Mortar. Start transferring seedlings into large pots (0.8 - 1 l) should be at the end of spring. Transshipment must be treated with great care and attention so that the earthen clod is preserved. In this case, the seedlings continue to grow. You can use the soil composition that was intended for sowing and picking. But this time it should not be sifted in the same way as with a lumpy structure there is more access to the roots for air. Then add 1 tablespoon of double superphosphate, half a glass of wood ash to a bucket of soil mixture. Wood ash can be replaced with three tablespoons of Senor Tomato pepper and tomato fertilizer. 14 days before planting in the ground, hardening should begin in the fresh air, taking into account the preservation of seedlings from direct sunlight.

• How to prepare sweet pepper seeds for sowing. Seed sowing technology. Detailed instructions, nuances, tips - in this video.​
• cover them to retain moisture;

The next way to disinfect the land before planting seeds for seedlings is to treat it with a weak solution of manganese. This process is very simple. In a liter jar, half a gram of dry potassium permanganate should be diluted, and the soil should be treated with the resulting solution.

• Method two. Land for seedlings is placed in a cloth bag or in a perforated container and set to steam for 45 minutes. You can, of course, ignite the earth in the oven, but along with pathogenic microbes, the necessary nutrients also disappear.

Soddy soil, peat and humus are mixed in equal proportions. To the resulting mixture, you can add a couple of matchboxes of superphosphate and 0.5 liters of cans of ash.

• leafy earth

A typical mistake novice gardeners make is to sow seeds in ordinary soil taken from their garden. Therefore, many fail in growing seedlings of vegetables at home and prefer to buy plants ready for planting. The secret to getting good seedlings is to properly prepare the soil for seedlings. Therefore, we will prepare it ourselves, especially since there is nothing complicated in this process.

Soil disinfection

Pepper is subject to pollination, so if you plan to plant several varieties at once, then try to plant them at the maximum distance from each other or protect them by planting corn or sunflower.

1. Soil for pepper should have at least three qualities: fertility, high drainage and good moisture retention. Site preparation begins in the fall, when the remains of the previous plant are carefully removed, and then the soil is dug up. Before digging, the soil is fertilized with a mixture of superphosphate (30-50 g), wood ash (50-80 g) and rotted manure or humus (5-10 kg). All figures are based on 1 square meter. Remember, fresh manure is pepper's worst enemy. Does not need pepper and organic additives. This is due to the sensitivity of the plant to dissolved nitrogen in the soil, and if there is a lot of it, then the plant directs all its forces to the development of the leaves, respectively, there is a threat to preserve the ovary and ripen the fruits as a whole.
2. Let's start with soil preparation: before planting, the soil must be shed with boiling water and potassium permanganate, and the next day, level the surface, compact and make grooves at a distance of about five centimeters. The distance between the seeds should be at least two centimeters, and the depth should be 1-1.5 cm. Then we drop it in and carefully moisten it with warm water (preferably from a spray bottle). Until the seeds germinate, it is advisable to cover them with a film for the longest possible preservation of moisture and maintaining the same temperature.

It should be remembered that landing in the ground begins only when both conditions are met: a stable average daily air temperature of +15 ... + 17 ° С and the beginning of the formation of the first buds.

glav-dacha.ru

Preparing the land for seedlings

To avoid the risk of damage to plants, pepper dive at the stage of two true leaves without deepening or deepening only half a centimeter and no more. There is also another way: seedlings best tolerate picking at the cotyledon stage and therefore at this moment you can also dive. When using this method, deepening is allowed to the level of cotyledon leaves. Most often, this picking method is used for growing in greenhouses. But for growing at home, the first method is more suitable. 1-2 true leaves of the seedling appear after 3-4 weeks after germination. This is the most optimal for picking peppers at home. Preliminary, it is quite good to shed the soil in the container, and then wait for the water to drain onto the pan. Since the development period of pepper takes a considerable amount of time, it should be dived into small pots with a volume of about 100-150 ml. In such pots, seedlings can master an earthen clod much faster, as a result of which the earth then does not turn sour during watering and the roots are less damaged by rot. The sequence of actions when picking seedlings:

Put the seeds in place with a constant temperature of + 25 ° C.

The next way to prepare the land for

After the disinfection process, seed material can be placed in the earth nutrient mixture. Prepared soil for seedlings in accordance with all the rules will guarantee a high and stable harvest in your summer cottage. Have a good season!​

To prepare the soil for seedlings of cabbage you will need:

. A distinctive feature of this type of soil is its high friability, but the low nutrient content does not allow it to be used as the main soil for seedlings. Therefore, its use is possible only after combining with other types of soil. Leafy land is most often collected in a forest belt where deciduous trees grow. Vegetable growers do not recommend using land collected under willow, oak or chestnut, as it will not work out of it to prepare soil for seedlings of good quality: it is too saturated with tannins.

The soil for seedlings of tomatoes, peppers, cabbage, eggplant and cucumbers should consist of the following components:

Planting peppers by direct planting seeds in the ground is not advisable even in warm countries, because you still have to wait until the soil warms up, and this, accordingly, leads to a delay in the ripening of fruits, in general. After applying the fertilizer, the site is deeply dug up, and in the spring it is loosened and fertilized with phosphorus and potash fertilizers. For 1 square meter, it is enough to add about 30 grams of each of the fertilizers. Immediately before planting, the earth is slightly dug up and the surface is well leveled.

womanadvice.ru

We grow seedlings of pepper at home

Let's dwell a little on the preparation of seeds. Many years of experience have shown that those seeds that have been in the refrigerator a week before germination in the fruit compartment (or where the temperature is not very low) germinate faster. Of course, some gardeners plant peppers without sprouting. Such planting material has its advantages: it is most resistant to drought and frost, although seedlings emerge much later.

Cold heavy soils are not suitable for peppers, so they can be diluted with peat or humus. After the soil is dug up to the depth of the spade bayonet and leveled. Planting holes are made at a distance of half a meter from each other. The depth of the hole should be equal to the height of the earthen coma. Then 1 tablespoon of a complete mineral fertilizer is added to the hole, which consists of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. After the plant is carefully removed from the pot and placed in the hole. The hole is filled up so that the bulk of the roots become closed. You need to pour about as much water as a third of a bucket. After the water is completely absorbed, part of the hole is filled with loose earth. Then the plantings need to be mulched with peat and, if necessary, tie up the bushes. At temperatures below +13 ... + 14 ° С at night, plants should be covered in arcs with non-woven material.​

Seedling preparation times

You need to carefully take the seedlings by the "ears" and then place them in the hole in the pot so that the roots are freely located there, without bending;

Seed preparation

​IMPORTANT! After 1-2 weeks, the seeds will peck and therefore this moment should not be missed, as the roots of the peppers are quite fragile and unable to tolerate damage of any kind.

1. seedlings, this is the treatment with insecticides and fungicides. In order to destroy the larvae and eggs of insects, you can use the solution "Aktara" or "Aktellika", and to destroy bacteria and fungus, we will use "Fundazol" or the drug "Fuselad-super". This method is the most effective, but also the most insecure. Most of these drugs pose a direct threat to the health of animals and people, so you should be extremely careful in the dosage and use of the solution. Another obvious plus of this method is the long-term effect. The fact is that when watering, plants will also absorb chemicals, so they will be inedible for pests.
2. How to start preparing for sowing seeds for seedlings? Of course, with the preparation of the soil mixture! Gardeners who are too lazy to make land suitable for seedlings with their own hands are often faced with the fact that the seeds simply do not germinate in the purchased substrate. This is immediately blamed on "unscrupulous" manufacturers, but often the reason lies not in the substrate itself, but in its illiterate application. Many believe that if you plant seeds in the most enriched soil, then everything will sprout as well as possible, but this judgment is fundamentally wrong. In this material, we will tell you how to properly prepare the land for seedlings so that it grows strong and healthy in it.
3. Mix humus (compost), leaf soil and river sand 1:2:1. For a bucket of this mixture, 1 cup (200g) of ash, 0.5 cups of lime - fluff, 1 matchbox of potassium sulfate and 3 matchboxes of superphosphate will not be superfluous. If it is not possible to use mineral fertilizers, then they can be replaced with ash in the amount of 3 glasses.

Preparing the soil for seedlings is not a very difficult process, but it still requires some effort and free time from the vegetable grower. Therefore, many prefer not to bother and purchase a ready-made soil mixture. However, not all manufacturers of such products are conscientious, and it is possible to purchase peat land with an acidic environment. Even if mineral fertilizers are added to it, good seed germination and strong seedlings can not be obtained.

substrate for seedlings

Humus

Sowing

For successful development and a good harvest, it is important to organize proper watering, timely loosening and high-quality seed dressing.

1. You should start working with seeds as early as mid-February, so that in May, when it becomes necessary to transplant seedlings into open ground, the plants are 90-100 days old. It is better to sow the seeds immediately in peat bags with a diameter of 8-10 cm. This measure is necessary because the pepper does not tolerate the dive process. Large pots should also not be taken, since the root system of the plant is very small at this time.
2. As for the quality of the seeds, before soaking, it is worth lowering them into a weak solution of sodium chloride and leaving for a few minutes. Poor-quality planting material will pop up, and then it should be removed.
3. It is very important to dive the sprouts correctly, the further development of the plant depends on this. How to do it - see this video.​

Video "Sowing sweet pepper seeds"

After that, you need to sprinkle the hole with a small amount of soil and compact;

Picking and feeding

In order to grow high-quality pepper seedlings, it is necessary to prepare sufficiently fertile soil. That is why the substrate must be prepared very carefully and carefully. To begin with, it must be said that the earth from the garden is not very suitable for preparing a substrate, and especially if it has high acidity, it is clayey and heavy. The soil must be moisture-intensive, loose, contain the required amount of nutrients, have a neutral reaction and be free from pests and pathogens. In such a case, many gardeners and summer residents have their own recipe for preparing a soil mixture. An example of this would be a commonly used mixture of humus with turf soil and beach sand. Substrate proportions respectively: 3:3:1. An alternative to sod land can be peat. Then a glass of wood ash is added to a bucket of such a mixture. For beginner summer residents, in order to avoid failures, special soil is sold in specialized stores. For example, the highly nutritious Biogrunt substrate, which can be purchased at any gardening store.​

1. Bell pepper has many health benefits. And all thanks to its composition, which includes vitamins C, P, A, a group of vitamins B and minerals. Based on this, we can say that bell pepper is an invaluable vegetable, but, unfortunately, it cannot be seen on store shelves all year round. The solution to this problem can be growing pepper seedlings at home.
2. ​General Information​
3. The soil for seedlings of cucumbers, pumpkins, melons, watermelons is prepared in the following composition:
4. For this reason, the soil for seedlings of tomatoes, cabbage, peppers and eggplant is prepared by experienced gardeners with their own hands. It is best to do this process in the fall, and by spring the soil for seedlings will settle and sit down. If you leave it for storage in the barn, then it will also freeze well, which will only benefit him.
5. . It is obtained from rotted manure or plants, which makes this soil the most nutritious and fertile of all existing types of soil.
6. Water is one of the most important components of successful plant survival after transplantation. Therefore, during the first week, you need to water every two days, using 1-2 liters of water per bush. If the weather is very hot, you can water every day. A week later, they inspect the bed, and instead of the dead plants, reserve seedling bushes are planted. At the same time, further watering is reduced. On hot days, watering is carried out in the morning and evening hours, and during harvesting, watering is reduced to 1 time in 5-6 days.

An earthen mixture for planting is taken of the following composition: 2 parts of humus, 1 part of sand and 1 part of earth. After, it is necessary to add table ash - for 1 kg 1 tbsp. the spoon. In order for the seeds in peat bags to germinate, additional preparation is necessary. To do this, the seeds are kept for 5 hours in water, the temperature of which is about 50 degrees Celsius. The next 2-3 days they are in damp cotton fabric. This period is sufficient for the seeds to peck. Such preparation allows one day after sowing in peat bags to give the first sprouts. After making the seeds into the ground, the sowing is well watered and covered with a film or glass. Before germination, it is important to provide heat in the room (up to 22 degrees Celsius), but as for lighting, you can leave the crops for this time even in the dark.

Landing in the ground

Today in stores there is a huge selection of products that stimulate plant germination, whether to use them or not - the choice is yours, just remember that the soaking temperature should be 30-50 degrees Celsius. prepare for this and what secrets of growing seedlings exist you will learn from this article. Designed for a wide range of readers.​

Video "Dive seedlings of sweet pepper"

We must not forget that the root neck can only be deepened by half a centimeter;

plodovie.ru

Time to prepare pepper seedlings

The sowing bowl must first be washed in a solution of potassium permanganate, then filled with the prepared substrate and slightly compacted so that it is about 2 cm from the soil to the edge of the dish. 2 cm. It is not necessary to sow the seeds thicker, because, as a result, pepper seedlings can shade each other and, as a result, stretch. Then you need to fill up a layer of soil mixture from above with a height of about 1 to 1.5 cm. After that, compact it a little again. Watering is required to pay special attention and ensure that the pepper seeds are not washed out to the surface of the soil. Then assign notes with the names of varieties to the containers with crops. To retain moisture as long as possible, crops are placed in a greenhouse. The constant temperature should be +25°C. A week later, shoots appear. You should follow certain rules for caring for them:

Growing pepper seedlings at home is not a difficult task. For good yields, you need to know the intricacies of watering, temperature fluctuations, and how to properly and successfully transplant plant stems so that they do not coarsen.

To understand the general principle that determines which land will be the best for growing seedlings of a particular crop, you need to know one simple rule. The soil mixture should match the composition of the one where the plant will grow in the future to the maximum. But this does not mean at all that you should use the land from your garden for this. The best option that suits most crops is the topsoil from under acacia trees. If acacias do not grow near your house, then you can use a purchased mixture, but before that it should be processed, because it may contain pathogenic microorganisms. For these purposes, the soil can be treated with fungicides or steamed in a water bath. Cultivation of land for seedlings is one of the key points, because pathogenic bacteria can “doze off” in the soil. In addition, the soil may contain both larvae and eggs of insect pests that are not averse to snacking on your young plants. If for each type of seedling it is necessary to choose its own composition of the soil, then the methods of its processing are always the same, we will talk about this later. Mix one bucket of leafy soil with the same amount of humus. 1 glass (200g) of ash is poured into the resulting mixture, up to 10 g. potassium sulfate, and about 20 gr. superphosphate. Everything is thoroughly mixed. Preparing the soil for seedlings begins with the process of mixing the earth. To do this, spread the polyethylene on the ground and pour out each component in the required proportions.

Soil preparation for pepper

For pepper, the soil must always be loose, since the formation of a soil crust has a detrimental effect on the nutrition of the plant. Loosening allows the roots to get more air, and also stimulates the work of microorganisms in the soil. Therefore, after watering and rain, the soil must be loosened, except for the first two weeks. During this period, the plant grows slowly, as the main emphasis is on strengthening the root system. After this period, after watering, loosening is carried out, while quite deep.

Rejection of pepper seeds

As soon as shoots appear, we transfer the seedlings to a warmer place (during the day the temperature should be 26-28 degrees, at night about 10-15). Do not get carried away with frequent watering of seedlings, as excess moisture can cause a disease such as black leg. Watering should be carried out with water, the temperature of which is about 30 degrees Celsius. Do not forget about the humidity of the air, and also periodically spray the plants, and ventilate the rooms where the seedlings are located, but avoid drafts. There are still very few sunny days in February, so it is advisable to carry out additional artificial lighting during this period from 7 am to 9 pm.​

Temperature regime

© 2009-2016 Everything in the garden - a useful project for gardeners and summer residents. Copying materials is prohibited. Partial quoting is allowed, indicating a direct active link to the copied material of our project.​

So, the new year has already arrived, which means that it is time for us - gardeners and gardeners to start preparing planting material this garden season. Probably the very first plant that you will have to meet is pepper.

vse-v-ogorod.ru

Watering should be done carefully and until the water is absorbed, while holding the seedling;

Preparing the site for planting peppers

Put the crops in a bright place, the temperature of which will be + 15-17 ° C;

The most optimal period for sowing seedlings are the days from February 20 to March 10. So, as in pepper, the fruits begin to ripen 100-150 days after shoots have appeared, and seedlings must be planted at the age of 60 to 80 days. If you know the characteristics of the variety, then you can independently calculate more accurate sowing dates.​

And from your summer cottage will be properly grown seedlings. Therefore, first of all, you need to take care of the soil in which the seeds will germinate. The soil mixture for seedlings must meet certain characteristics. It should have good porosity, looseness and not too acidic. Such indicators can be achieved provided that the soil for seedlings is properly prepared.

We select components for the soil

A typical mistake of beginner gardeners is to sow seeds in ordinary soil taken from their garden. Therefore, many fail in growing seedlings of vegetables at home and prefer to buy plants ready for planting. The secret to getting good seedlings is to properly prepare the soil for seedlings. Therefore, we will prepare it ourselves, especially since there is nothing complicated in this process.

The soil for seedlings of tomatoes, peppers, cabbage, eggplant and cucumbers should consist of the following components:

1. Humus. It is obtained from rotted manure or plants, which makes this soil the most nutritious and fertile of all existing types of soil.
2. Peat. An integral component of any soil mixture for seedlings. It provides the required amount of moisture to the plant. It also contributes to the creation of good looseness of the soil.
3. baking powder. In addition to peat, the soil for seedlings acquires good porosity after the addition of coarse-grained river sand. It is this component that creates the best conditions for growing garden plants in seedlings. River sand and peat can replace sawdust, but before using them, they must be treated with boiling water.
4. leaf ground. A distinctive feature of this type of soil is its high friability, but the low nutrient content does not allow it to be used as the main soil for seedlings. Therefore, its use is possible only after combining with other types of soil. Leafy land is most often collected in a forest belt where deciduous trees grow. Vegetable growers do not recommend using land collected under willow, oak or chestnut, as it will not work out of it to prepare soil for seedlings of good quality: it is too saturated with tannins.

We mix the components

Preparing the soil for seedlings is not a very complicated process, but it still requires some effort and free time from the vegetable grower. Therefore, many prefer not to bother and purchase a ready-made soil mixture. However, not all manufacturers of such products are conscientious, and it is possible to purchase with an acidic environment. Even if mineral fertilizers are added to it, good seed germination and strong seedlings can not be obtained.

For this reason, the soil for seedlings of tomatoes, cabbage, peppers and eggplant is prepared by experienced gardeners with their own hands. It is best to do this process in the fall, and by spring the soil for seedlings will settle and sit down. If you leave it for storage in the barn, then it will also freeze well, which will only benefit him.

Soil preparation for seedlings begins with the process of mixing the earth. To do this, spread the polyethylene on the ground and pour out each component in the required proportions.

Experienced vegetable growers are advised to make the composition of the soil for seedlings for different crops separately, since each vegetable has its own individual needs and preferences.

The soil for seedlings of tomatoes, peppers and eggplant should have the following compositions:

• To one part of soddy land add 1 part of peat and river sand. The resulting composition is thoroughly mixed, after which it is well watered with a nutrient solution consisting of 25-30 grams of superphosphate, potassium sulfate and 10 grams of urea per 10 liters of water.
• Soddy soil and humus are mixed in equal proportions. On a bucket of the resulting mixture, you can add a couple of matchboxes of superphosphate and 0.5 liters of cans of ash.

To prepare the soil for seedlings of cabbage you will need:

• Mix humus (compost), leaf soil and river sand 1:2:1. On a bucket of the mixture, 1 cup (200 g) of ash, 0.5 cups of lime - fluff, 1 matchbox of potassium sulfate and 3 matchboxes of superphosphate will not be superfluous. If it is not possible to use mineral fertilizers, then they can be replaced with ash in the amount of 3 glasses.

The soil for seedlings of cucumbers, pumpkins, melons, watermelons is prepared in the following composition:

• Mix one bucket of leafy soil with the same amount of humus. 1 cup (200 g) of ash is poured into the resulting mixture, up to 10 g of potassium sulfate, and about 20 g of superphosphate is also added. Everything is thoroughly mixed.

I would like to warn vegetable growers against excessive use of fertilizers when preparing the soil for vegetable seedlings, if the base soil used is nutritious in itself. This is due to the fact that at the initial stage of seed germination, the plant does not require many trace elements. The need for them arises only when the first true leaves appear. Therefore, additional nutrition is usually applied with liquid fertilizer a few weeks after germination.

Soil disinfection

This process is necessary to remove pathogens from the soil. You can disinfect the soil mixture for home seedlings in various ways, one of which is its freezing. But, if this is not possible, then you can use watering with disinfectants or steam treatment.

1. Method one. It is good to pour the prepared fertile mixture with a solution of potassium permanganate (3 g per 10 l of water), and then carry out additional treatment with antifungal drugs.
2. Method two. Land for seedlings is placed in a cloth bag or in a perforated container and set to steam for 45 minutes. You can, of course, ignite the earth in the oven, but along with pathogenic microbes, the necessary nutrients also disappear.

After the disinfection process has been carried out, seed material can be placed in the earthen nutrient mixture. Prepared soil for seedlings in accordance with all the rules will guarantee a high and stable harvest in your summer cottage. Have a good season!