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Planting late cabbage. The procedure for sowing and growing seedlings

That and on big harvest do not have to count. In order for the seedlings to turn out healthy and hardy, it is necessary to comply with all requirements for proper sowing seeds and care.

Before purchasing planting material, decide what kind of cabbage you want to get in the end, why and at what time you will need it ready-made. Have you thought about using young cabbage for making salads, or do you need a vegetable for fermentation and a long winter storage? The choice of variety and timing of sowing will depend on the answer to this question.

Early ripe varieties white cabbage give a small harvest. The weight of heads of cabbage reaches 1.5 kg with a relatively low density. Mid-ripening cabbage can either be eaten immediately after harvesting, or used to prepare preparations for the winter in the form of pickles. And late-ripening varieties will best retain their freshness throughout the cold season.

The time for planting seedlings in the beds depends on the timing of the ripening of the vegetable. And the period in which the seeds are planted depends on the time of transplanting the seedlings in open ground.

The sowing of seed cabbage for seedlings - as well as planting seedlings in open ground - is carried out in a period that depends on the weather characteristic of a given climate zone, and from the variety of vegetable.

The age of seedlings, completely ready for planting in the soil, is different for each of the varieties.

Landing on the beds white cabbage early varieties are produced for seedlings that have reached 45–60 days of age. For late species, a 35-day age of seedlings is sufficient. This rule also applies red cabbage and hybrid varieties .
Before transfer to the beds broccoli seedlings should reach the age of 35-45 days.
cauliflower planted on beds upon reaching 45-50 days of age of seedlings. Brussels sprouts planted in the same way.
Kohlrabi planted at the age of 35 days, and seedlings savoy cabbage can "tolerate" up to 50 days.

When to sow seedlings

Taking into account the timing of planting seedlings of different varieties of cabbage on the beds, the time of sowing seeds is calculated. We give approximate terms for the middle band.

Early ripe white cabbage is sown on March 10–25. At the same time, hybrid varieties and red cabbage are sown. Mid-season and late species similar varieties are sown on April 10–15.
Broccoli planting material is sown several times. The time interval between crops is 15–20 days. The first time is sown in the second decade of March, and the last time - in the third decade of May. Do the same with cauliflower.
Brussels sprout seeds are planted in the second half of April.
If you want to harvest kohlrabi early, sow in the second decade of March. Kohlrabi seeds are also sown for seedlings several times. But it is not recommended to do this after June. Subject to all the rules, you can immediately plant the seeds in open soil.
Savoy cabbage of early ripe varieties is sown from 10 to 20 March. It is better to sow mid-season species from April 10 to April 20, and late - in the first days of the month.

How to prepare cabbage seeds for sowing

To a large extent, the success of the future cabbage crop depends on good seedlings, and it, in turn, is obtained from quality seeds so get the best quality seeds.

Before planting seeds, they must first be prepared. At the stage of sowing seeds, it is possible, with the help of certain actions, to significantly reduce the likelihood of serious cabbage diseases in the future, which will allow you to get healthy and hardy seedlings.

When buying already processed planting material (which is usually indicated on a bag of seeds), you only need to hold them for 20 minutes in water heated to + 50 ° C. You can eliminate the likelihood of fungal diseases of cabbage if you cool them in cold water for 5 minutes after warming up.

Note! Some varieties of cabbage do not require seed wetting before planting. Be sure to consider this point.

Soaking seeds is a classic method to speed up their germination.

How to prepare the soil for sowing cabbage seeds

Strong seedlings of cabbage can be obtained if you correctly prepare a nutrient mixture of soil. Land for seedlings is best prepared in the fall. It is acceptable, but less desirable, to prepare the mixture immediately before sowing the seeds.

Take one part of the sod and humus, do not a large number of ash (10 tablespoons per 10 kg of soil) and stir well. The ash here will not only supply the soil useful elements, but also prevents the appearance of a black leg on seedlings due to its antiseptic properties.

The earth should be treated with water with a small amount of potassium permanganate for disinfection. When preparing the soil mixture, it is necessary to adhere to an acidity index equal to or close to neutral.

Of course, it is possible to make an earth composition both on the basis of turf and on the basis of other nutritional ingredients, such as peat, for example. The resulting soil mixture should pass air well and be fertile.

On a note! Suitable soil for cabbage seedlings can be found commercially. For these purposes, not only the soil mixture intended directly for cabbage is suitable. The use of universal primer is also allowed. The land from your garden is unsuitable, as using it increases the risk of infection of the seedlings.

Step-by-step instructions for the correct sowing of cabbage seeds

Cabbage seedlings will take root better in the open field if produced. This will also positively affect the volume of its root system, and the plants themselves will be stronger.

Table. Instructions for growing seedlings of cabbage.

Steps, photo	Description of actions
	Cabbage seeds immediately after sowing need a lot of water, so the soil must be abundantly moistened before planting. And after sowing, cabbage should not be irrigated until the first shoots appear, in order to prevent infection with a black leg.
	Seed material is planted in prepared containers.
	After the emergence of seedlings, they are thinned out. As a result, a free space of about 20 × 20 mm should appear around each shoot.
	After 14 days, the seedlings dive. To do this, they are planted in separate cassettes with cells of approximately 30 × 30 mm, deepening the stems to the level of the cotyledons.
	After another 2 weeks, the seedlings are again transplanted into a container with an area of \u200b\u200babout 50 × 50 mm. Suitable for these purposes plastic cups, previously treated with any solution that prevents the development of fungus (for example, copper sulfate), or peat pots.

If you do not plan to pick cabbage seedlings, it is recommended to immediately plant the seeds in a separate container. Then her roots will reach required size, and transfer to open ground will take place in the most gentle way.

Lighting, temperature and watering cabbage seedlings

To grow strong and stocky plants, you need to provide seedlings with additional lighting, since there is not enough light in the rooms where they usually grow. For backlight purposes, an ordinary fluorescent lamp is suitable, which should illuminate the cabbage from 12 to 15 hours daily.

Watering seedlings is done when the surface of the soil dries out. Cabbage is a moisture-loving plant. But with an excess of moisture, blackleg disease can develop or root rot can occur. To harden cabbage seedlings and prevent moisture stagnation, it is recommended to ventilate the room after irrigation.

Before the first shoots of white cabbage appear, it is necessary to maintain the temperature in the room from + 18 ° C to + 20 ° C. Then, for young sprouts, the optimum temperature will be from +15°С to +17°С during the day, and from +8°С to +10°С at night. Such a large temperature variation is necessary to strengthen the seedlings and prevent them from stretching.

For cauliflower, the same rule applies, but the average temperature should be higher. The excess should be 5–7°C relative to those night and day temperatures that are maintained when growing white cabbage seedlings. If this is not observed, then the harvest will be worse, and the inflorescences will be smaller in size.

If speak about middle lane, then watermelons here (as well as some other crops - for example, melon) are preferable to grow through seedlings. In fact, there is nothing complicated in this process, the main thing is to know how to do it.

How to fertilize cabbage seedlings

During the period of growing seedlings, cabbage must be fed. In total, such dressings need to be made three to four times.

For the first time, top dressing is carried out when the seedlings are sufficiently rooted after picking. As a rule, this period is from a week to ten days. Top dressing is carried out using the following composition: 1 g of potassium chloride, 4 g of superphosphate, 2.5 g of ammonium nitrate per 1 liter of water heated to a warm state. A composition of urea diluted in 10 liters of water in the amount of one tablespoon is also suitable. Stress caused by picking plants is well neutralized by top dressing prepared from chicken manure(or mullein) and water in a ratio of 1:10.

The second time the seedlings are fed in the period from 12 to 14 days after the first feeding took place. To do this, the seedlings are irrigated with a mixture of 4 g of ammonium nitrate per 1 liter of water.

The third time, top dressing is carried out seven days before the transfer of seedlings to open ground. Fertilizer is applied from bird droppings(or mullein) or the following composition is used: 3 g of ammonium nitrate, 2 g of potassium chloride, 8 g of superphosphate per 1 liter of water.

On a note! Additionally, you can feed the seedlings with a yeast-based fertilizer. To do this, diluted from 50 to 70 g of yeast in 5 liters of water. After 1-2 days, seedlings can be irrigated with this mixture.

Video - Sowing cabbage for seedlings

Turnip, swede and mustard. About 50 species of the genus are known, distributed in Central Europe, the Mediterranean, Eastern and Central Asia. In America, only species exported from Europe grow. The ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans grew cabbage for food - it began to feed mankind 4000 years ago. Cabbage was brought to our territory from Western Europe merchants in their heyday Kievan Rus- in the XIII century, and by the XVIII century it had already become so firmly established in Russian life that a tradition was formed after Orthodox holiday The exaltation, which is celebrated on September 27, is collectively harvesting cabbage for the winter - it was chopped and salted, and at the same time, for two weeks, fun folk games were organized, which were called skits. In the 19th century, a prominent Russian vegetable grower Rytov was able to name 22 varieties of garden cabbage.

Planting and caring for cabbage (in brief)

Landing: sowing for seedlings of seeds of early varieties is carried out from the beginning of March to the third decade of the month, mid-season varieties - within a month from March 25, late - from the beginning of April to the third decade of the month. Transplantation of seedlings in open ground - after 45-50 days.
Lighting: bright sun from morning to evening.
The soil: for early combs - loamy and sandy, for mid-season and late - loam and clay. Hydrogen indicator 6.0-7.0 pH.
Predecessors: undesirable to grow after cruciferous crops.
Watering: after planting in the ground, seedlings are watered every evening for a week. In the future, watering is carried out in the evening or in cloudy weather once every 5-7 days, and in heat and drought - every 2-3 days.
Hilling: three weeks after planting, then another 10 days later.
Mulching: a layer of peat mulch up to 5 cm thick is recommended.
Top dressing: three top dressings with full mineral fertilizer during the seedling period, then with ammonium nitrate when the leaves grow, the last - at the moment when the leaves begin to curl up.
Reproduction: seedling seedlings.
Pests: aphids, caterpillars, slugs and snails, cruciferous bugs and fleas, cabbage leaf beetles and secretive bollards.
Diseases: clubroot, black leg, peronosporosis, fusarium, rhizoctoniosis, white and gray rot.

Sowing cabbage seeds

The quality of cabbage primarily depends on the seed, so be responsible when buying seeds and before growing seedlings of cabbage, think about why and when you want to get it - do you need an early vegetable with tender leaves for salads or strong dense heads of cabbage for winter storage and salting. It is from designated purpose The cabbage you grow will depend on the choice of variety and the timing of sowing.

Widely cultivated by amateur gardeners White cabbage, without which not a single borscht can do, there are early varieties that are suitable only for eating in the summer, mid-season, which can be consumed in summer in fresh, but you can salt for the winter, and late varieties which are most suitable for long-term storage. Sowing of early varieties of cabbage for seedlings is carried out from the first days of March to the twentieth of the month, seeds of mid-ripening varieties are sown from March 25 to April 25, and late cabbage is sown from early April to the third decade of the month. From the moment of sowing to planting seedlings in open ground, usually 45-50 days pass.

If you have decided on your desires and purchased the seeds of the desired varieties, it's time to think about compiling the soil for seedlings. Professionals recommend preparing the soil mixture in the fall so that you do not have to extract ingredients from under the snow in winter. Mix one part of the humus and sod land, add ash at the rate of 1 tablespoon per kilogram of soil and mix the composition well. The ash will act as an antiseptic and a source of macro- and microelements, preventing the appearance of blackleg on cabbage seedlings.

You can prepare a mixture of a different composition, based on peat, for example - the main thing is that it be fertile and breathable. Never use garden soil from an area where cruciferous crops were grown to grow seedlings, as it is likely that pathogens that can infect seedlings are in it.

Growing cabbage begins with heating the seeds for 20 minutes in water at a temperature of about 50 ºC, after which they are immersed in water for 5 minutes. cold water to increase the immunity of the inoculum to fungal diseases. Then the seeds are immersed for several hours in a growth stimulant solution - Gumat, Epin, Silk, etc. True, there are varieties whose seeds cannot be wetted - carefully read the instructions attached to the bag of seeds. Water the soil generously before sowing and do not moisten it again until germination. The seeds are sown to a depth of 1 cm, then the container is covered with a film or paper on top so that the moisture from the topsoil does not evaporate, and the crops are kept at a temperature of 20 ºC.

Growing seedlings of cabbage

Seedlings appear already on the 4th-5th day, after which the film or paper is removed, and the temperature is lowered to 6-10 ºC and the seedlings are kept under these conditions until they have the first true leaf. To do this, it is best to place a container with seedlings on a glazed loggia, and usually a week is enough to achieve the expected result. After the appearance of the sheet, the temperature in sunny days increase to 14-18 ºC, on cloudy days it should be within 14-16 ºC, and at night - 6-10 ºC.

Caring for cabbage seedlings at this stage provides access to plants fresh air, but seedlings must be protected from drafts. In addition, seedlings need additional illumination with a fluorescent or phytolamp: its daylight hours should be at least 12-15 hours a day. Do not allow either drying or waterlogging of the soil - this can be avoided by regularly loosening the soil after watering. A week after germination, the soil is watered with a weak solution of potassium permanganate at the rate of 3 g of potassium permanganate per 10 liters of water, or with a weak solution blue vitriol.

Seedling picking

One and a half to two weeks after the emergence of seedlings and the formation of the first true leaf, the plants dive, providing the seedlings with a large feeding area. An hour before diving cabbage, the soil with seedlings is watered abundantly, then each seedling is removed along with earthy clod and, having shortened its root by a third of the length, they are planted in an individual cup (best of all, peat-humus), deepening it along the cotyledon leaves.

Picks can be avoided if the initial sowing of cabbage seeds is carried out in individual containers - when transplanting seedlings into open ground from personal pots root system seedlings are not so injured, and by the time the seedlings are planted in the garden, it will have developed to a decent size. If you grow seedlings in peat-humus pots, then you can plant seedlings in the ground right in them.

Planting cabbage in the ground is preceded by a two-week hardening, the purpose of which is to prepare the seedlings for development in new conditions. The first two days in a room with seedlings, a window is opened for 3-4 hours, providing for the protection of seedlings from drafts. Then, within a few days, the seedlings are taken out for an hour or two to a balcony or loggia under the sun's rays, from the direct hit of which the seedlings must first be covered with gauze. After a week, watering is reduced, the seedlings are taken out to the balcony and kept there until they are planted in the ground.

Planting cabbage in open ground

When to plant cabbage in the ground

Transplanting early cabbage in open ground is carried out when the seedlings develop 5-7 leaves, and the seedlings reach a height of 12-20 cm. Parameters for planting seedlings of mid-ripening and late cabbage are as follows: the presence of 4-6 leaves with a seedling height of 15-20 cm. Usually seedlings of early varieties reach such results by early May, late varieties - from mid to late May, and mid-season varieties - from late May to mid-June.

Soil for cabbage

Before planting cabbage, you need to prepare a site for it. It should be illuminated by the sun from morning to evening. As for the soil, loam and sandy soil are most suitable for early varieties of cabbage, and loam or clay soil is optimal for medium and late varieties. The pH on sandy soils should be ± 6.0, and on clay-sand or clay soils - ± 7.0. Acidic soils are unsuitable for cultivating cabbage.

It is impossible to grow this crop in areas infected with bacteriosis for eight years. It is also undesirable to plant cabbage where other cabbage crops were grown not so long ago - turnip, radish, radish, turnip, mustard, swede or cabbage. In order to be able to use the area where these crops grew for cabbage, at least three years must pass.

The soil in the area for cabbage should be prepared in advance, from the first days of autumn preceding planting: in dry weather, carefully dig the area to the depth of a shovel bayonet, but do not try to level the surface, because the steeper the irregularities, the more moisture it can absorb during winter and spring Earth. After the snow melts, the so-called “closing of moisture” is carried out - they level the surface of the soil with a rake to prevent too rapid evaporation of water from the soil. Very soon, weeds will come out of the ground, which must be removed immediately.

How to plant cabbage in open ground

The scheme for planting seedlings in open ground is approximately as follows:

30x40 for hybrid and early varieties, 50x60 for mid-season and 60x70 for late varieties of white and red cabbage;
30x40 for kohlrabi;
25x50 for cauliflower;
60-70 for Brussels;
40x60 for the Savoy;
30x50 for broccoli.

Try not to overcrowd the beds, because cabbage needs a lot of light and space.

Make holes in the soil a little larger than the root system of seedlings with an earthen clod or peat-humus pot. Put in each well a handful of sand and peat, two handfuls of humus and 50 g wood ash, add half a teaspoon of nitrophoska, mix the additives thoroughly and pour abundantly. An earthen ball with the root system of a seedling is lowered directly into this slurry, sprinkled with moist earth, lightly pressed down and dry earth is added on top. Seedlings that are too elongated are planted so that the first pair of leaves is flush with the surface of the plot.

cabbage care

How to grow cabbage

At first, carefully observe the planted seedlings in order to put the fallen seedlings into place in time. If weather forecasters predict sunny days, shade the seedlings from the sun for a while with newspapers or non-woven fabric. During the week, every evening, water the seedlings from a watering can with a divider; after this period, if night frosts are not expected, the shelter can be removed. Further care for seedlings in open ground consists in watering, loosening the soil, weeding the site, regular feeding and processing cabbage from pests and diseases. Three weeks after planting, the cabbage is hilled, after another 10 days, the hilling procedure is repeated.

Watering cabbage

Growing cabbage outdoors will require you to strictly adhere to the irrigation regime, since the plant needs a lot of moisture. How to water cabbage already planted in open ground? Watering is carried out in the evening, on cloudy days between abundant waterings, an interval of 5-6 days is enough, in hot weather will need to be watered every 2-3 days. After watering, loosen the soil in the area while spudding the cabbage. Professionals recommend using a 5 cm thick layer of peat mulch - it retains moisture in the soil longer and at the same time serves as food for developing plants.

Cabbage dressing

7-9 days after picking the seedlings, it is necessary to make the first top dressing, consisting of 2 g of potash fertilizer, 4 g of superphosphate and 2 g ammonium nitrate dissolved in 1 liter of water - this amount should be enough to fertilize 50-60 seedlings. To avoid burns, cabbage fertilizer is carried out on pre-watered soil.

The second dressing is applied two weeks later and consists of twice the same fertilizer dissolved in the same amount of water. If the seedlings are slightly yellowed, feed them with a liquid solution of fermented manure at the rate of 1:10.

The third, so-called hardening top dressing is applied two days before planting seedlings in open ground, and it consists of 3 g of ammonium nitrate, 8 g of potassium fertilizer and 5 g of superphosphate dissolved in a liter of water. A high concentration of potash fertilizers contributes to the survival of seedlings in open ground. If you do not have enough time to prepare the nutrient mixture, use ready-made liquid complex fertilizer Kemira luxury.

If you fed cabbage in the seedling phase, its development promises to be fast and intensive, but after planting in open ground, feeding the cabbage does not stop. How to fertilize cabbage when its leaves grow? It is best to add a solution of 10 g of ammonium nitrate in 10 liters of water to the soil - this dose is designed for 5-6 plants. When the leaves begin to form into a head, a second top dressing is carried out with a solution of 4 g of urea, 5 g of double superphosphate and 8 g of potassium sulfate per 10 liters of water from the same calculation.

cabbage processing

The first time after planting in the ground, seedlings are dusted with ash with the addition of tobacco dust - this measure will protect young plants from slugs and fleas. Garden cabbage is a food product, therefore, it is highly undesirable, and unreasonable, to use pesticides for its treatment against pests and diseases.

How to process cabbage to destroy her enemies and at the same time not poison the food we are going to eat? There are many ways to protect garden crops from such misfortune as the invasion of aphids, caterpillars, pests of larvae and gastropods - snails and slugs.

Aphids and caterpillars can be destroyed by spraying with this infusion: 2 kg tomato tops pour 5 liters of water, insist 3-4 hours, then boil for 3 hours, allow to cool, filter and dilute with water 1:2. To make the infusion "glue" to the leaves, and not drain to the ground, add 20-30 g of grated tar soap to it. You can use infusion of onion peel in the fight against aphids and caterpillars: liter jar husks are poured with two liters of boiling water and infused for two days, then filtered, another 2 liters of water and a tablespoon are added liquid soap or dishwashing liquid.

To combat the larvae of the May beetle, scoops or cabbage fly Ants are attracted to the site by digging a jar of honey or jam diluted with water. Attracted by the sweet, black ants will also eat the larvae.

preventive measure against harmful insects we can consider the placement on the site with cabbage and around it plantings of marigolds, mint, sage, cilantro, basil, rosemary and other spicy plants. The tart aroma will scare away aphids, butterflies, slugs, fleas and will attract their eternal enemies - ladybugs, lacewings, rider beetles and others to fight them.

Diseases of cabbage

Some cabbage diseases can spread so quickly that a slight delay on your part can result in the loss of the entire crop. We will tell you what cabbage is sick with, as well as how to process cabbage in order to save it from death. One of the most dangerous plant diseases is keel - a common fungal disease, which affects early varieties of white and cauliflower even at the seedling stage: growths form on the roots of seedlings that disrupt the nutrition of young plants, which is why the seedlings lag behind in development - they do not even form an ovary. Remove diseased plants from the site along with an earthy clod, and sprinkle lime on the place where they grew. It is not yet possible to grow cabbage in this place, but other plants can grow without any risk, since clubroot only affects cruciferous plants.

A common occurrence is the defeat of cabbage in the seedling phase or already in the garden plot with a black leg, a fungal disease of the root collar at the base of the stem. These parts of the seedling turn black, thin, rot, the plant slows down growth and dies. Such seedlings are not planted in the ground - they will die anyway. The soil in the area with cabbage that died from the black leg must be replaced, because it is unsuitable for growing cabbage. As a preventive measure of the disease, seeds are treated with granosan before planting in accordance with the instructions, approximately 0.4 g of the drug is needed to treat 100 seeds, and fifty percent Tiram (TMTD) is applied to the soil at the rate of 50 g per m².

Sometimes cabbage suffers from peronosporosis - false powdery mildew. Usually pathogens are found in seeds, which is why it is so important to pre-sowing treatment. The disease manifests itself in wet weather on the outer leaves of cabbage with soft red-yellow spots. As a result of the development of the disease, the leaves turn yellow and die. As a preventive measure, seed dressing is used before planting with Tiram or Planriz. Good results are also obtained by hydrothermal treatment - soaking the seeds in hot water(about 50 ºC) for 20-25 minutes. If a preventive measures were not accepted, or they did not help, you will have to resort to processing cabbage with garlic broth: add 75 g of finely chopped garlic to 10 liters of water, insist for 12 hours, then bring the infusion to a boil, let cool and spray the plants. If this measure also fails, treat the cabbage with a two to three percent solution of Fitosporin-M. If necessary, the treatment can be repeated after two to three weeks. But keep in mind that cabbage can be treated with a fungicide only before the head is tied, otherwise there is a danger of accumulation of pesticides in the leaves.

White and gray rot also cause gardeners a lot of trouble. white rot develops under the condition of a combination of low temperature with high humidity air and is manifested by mucilage of the outer leaves of cabbage, between which a cotton-like mycelium of white color with black sclerotia ranging in size from one millimeter to three centimeters is formed. A head of cabbage affected by white rot rots in storage, infecting neighboring forks. Gray rot also manifests itself during storage: the petioles of the lower leaves are covered with fluffy mold with black beaded dots. Pre-sowing disinfection of seeds, high agricultural technology, preventive cleaning and disinfection of storage facilities before laying cabbage, compliance with its storage conditions, timely detection of the disease and cleaning of affected areas will help protect the cabbage crop from these diseases.

A dangerous disease is Fusarium wilt, or the yellowness of cabbage, which is caused by the Fusarium fungus. Cabbage is affected by the disease even in the seedling period, and the death of young plants from this scourge is sometimes 20-25%. Symptoms of the disease - loss of turgor leaves and the appearance of foci on them yellow color. The development of leaves in places of yellowing slows down, diseased leaves fall off. In order to prevent the disease from spreading, the affected plants are dug up along with the roots and burned, the soil is steamed or changed. Help to destroy the fungus autumn and spring preventive treatment of the site with a solution of copper sulfate (5 g of the drug is dissolved in 10 liters of water).

Rhizoctonia is another fungal disease of cabbage that develops with strong fluctuations in temperature (for example, from 3 ºC to 25 ºC), air humidity (from 40 to 100%), soil acidity (pH from 4.5 to 8 units). The disease affects the root neck, from which it turns yellow, dries and dies, the roots turn into a washcloth and the plant dies. Infection occurs already in the open field, the disease continues to develop even in storage. As a preventive measure, spraying the soil before planting cabbage in the soil with copper oxychloride or preparations that contain it is used.

cabbage pests

How to destroy aphids, caterpillars, larvae and gastropods, you learned from the section on processing cabbage. But a plant among insects has many enemies, and in this section of the article we will talk about how you can get rid of other pests from the insect world. Serious enemies of cabbage are cruciferous bugs - motley bugs up to a centimeter in size, wintering in the soil. At the end of April, they begin to feed on seedlings, at the beginning of summer, females lay eggs, after two weeks, larvae appear from them, and after a month, adult bugs. These insects feed on the juice of cabbage, piercing its leaves. The puncture site becomes dead, and if there are many such areas, the seedling leaves wither, dry and die. Most severe harm Bed bugs inflict cabbage during a drought. As a preventive measure, it is necessary to remove weeds from the Cabbage family from the site - rape, sverbigu, field yarutka, shepherd's purse, beetroot and chickweed. After harvesting the cabbage, do not leave weeds on the site, collect them and burn them. Bed bugs can be destroyed by treating cabbage seedlings with Actellik or Fosbecid before heading out.

cabbage leaf beetle, small bug ovoid up to 5 mm long, damages the leaves of plants, eating holes in them or making notches along the edges. Leaf beetles also hibernate in the soil, and in May their females lay eggs, from which larvae appear after 10-12 days, feeding on scraping the skin from the leaves. As a preventive measure, it is necessary, as in the case of bed bugs, to remove cruciferous weeds from the site. And you can scare away leaf beetles by daily morning spraying of cabbage over dew with a mixture of tobacco dust with slaked lime or ash in a ratio of 1:1. Before the formation of heads, you can use the treatment of cabbage with a two percent solution of Aktellik or a less toxic biopreparation Bankol.

Another enemy of the cruciferous stem cabbage sneaker - black bug up to 3 mm long. The larvae of the secretive trunk are dangerous, gnawing passages in the petioles of the leaves, penetrating the stem and descending through the tunnels made in it into the root of the cabbage. In this case, the conducting system is damaged, the leaves turn yellow, the plants stop developing and die. In the fight against this pest, it is very important to remove from the site in the fall plant remains and then dig up the soil. During the growing season, timely weeding and removal of pest-affected plants from the site is important. From chemicals they destroy the secretive trunk Actellik and Fosbecid, but insecticide treatment is permissible only at an early stage of seedling development in the open field.

Cleaning and storage of cabbage

Three weeks before harvesting, watering the cabbage is stopped - this measure stimulates the accumulation of fiber in the forks, which contributes to better storage cabbage. When the night temperature drops to -2 ºC, you can start harvesting. Do not delay harvesting, because at a lower night temperature, the heads of cabbage freeze through, which negatively affects their keeping quality. Dig up the cabbage along with the root, sort it, setting aside small heads that have been eaten by beetles or touched by rot - this cabbage cannot be stored, you will have to eat it or pickle it. Storeable cabbage is folded under a canopy for a day so that it dries up and slightly winds, then the stalk is cut off 2 cm below the head of cabbage, leaving 3-4 covering green leaves on it. Now the cabbage can be placed in storage.

Tell me when to plant late cabbage for seedlings? In winter, our most popular dish is sauerkraut. Everyone loves it, both adults and children, so I always try to prepare as much as possible. I usually buy heads of cabbage in the market, but last year I was not lucky. Apparently, the variety was not what you need - the cabbage turned out to be soft, without a crunch, and some kind of viscous. I decided to try and grow it myself. I have lamps for additional illumination of seedlings, there is also enough free space. I just can't figure out when to plant. Early maturing varieties are usually planted in early March, wouldn't that be too early for winter cabbage?

Cabbage is grown by all gardeners. But if early varieties are usually planted in a small amount, then late-ripening species occupy most of the cabbage beds. It is not surprising, because it is such cabbage that is intended for storage and fermentation. Like other varieties, it is grown seedling method. The process itself and the conditions of care are the same for them, the only difference may be in the timing of sowing. When to plant late cabbage for seedlings depends on the regional climate and the particular variety. Let's try to determine the approximate landing time.

"Cabbage" vegetation cycle

As you know, seedlings of early cabbage need at least a month to get stronger. In later varieties, this period is longer and can reach up to 60 days. To determine the sowing date, you also need to consider total time required to reach full maturity. Some species need 120 days, while others will need all 200 days. Do not forget about the time during which seeds germinate and seedlings take root after transplantation.

On average, cabbage has the following development cycle:

Sowing and germination - 7 days.
The seedling period is from 45 to 60 days.
Rooting and adaptation after transplanting into open ground - 7 days.
Formation and maturation of heads of cabbage - from 50 to 130 days.

So to know the exact date sowing, the number of days indicated above should be subtracted from the expected harvest date. In this case, it is necessary to take into account varietal characteristics.

When to plant late cabbage for seedlings?

The climate is also important. In regions with early spring and long summer, seeds are sown in early April. In May, the grown seedlings can already dive into the beds. short summer and early autumn can prevent heads of cabbage from ripening. In this case, crops must be shifted by more early time- in the middle of March.

Depending on the ripening period of cabbage, the timing of its sowing also differs - remember this.

2. Buying quality seeds

Not least, the quality of the seedlings, and hence the yield of cabbage, will depend on the seeds. Therefore, get a good seed.

About how to buy seeds correctly so as not to purchase expired seeds that have lost their germination due to improper storage or generally counterfeit seed, detailed in the publications:

3. Preparing the right soil mix

To grow strong seedlings cabbage, you need to properly prepare a nutritious soil mixture. Ideally, the soil for cabbage seedlings should be prepared in the fall, but if for some reason you did not have time to do this, you can start compiling right now. Mix 1 part of soddy soil and add a little (10 tablespoons for every 10 kg of soil) and mix the substrate well. In this case, the ash will be a source not only of micro and macro elements, but also an excellent antiseptic that can prevent cabbage seedlings from appearing.

Of course, you can prepare any other nutritious soil mixture - not only on the basis of soddy land, but also, for example. The main thing is that the resulting soil is breathable and fertile. And also, when preparing the soil mixture for cabbage seedlings, never use garden soil on which cruciferous crops were previously grown: it probably contains infections characteristic of Cabbage, and the likelihood of getting seedling diseases increases significantly.

And in this video, our expert Tatyana shares her experience in compiling soil for seedlings:

As you can see, it is really undesirable to take land from the garden.

Do you want to know more about the intricacies of making soil mixtures for seedlings? Then read these articles:

4. Choosing the optimal time for sowing cabbage seedlings

It makes no sense to sow cabbage seedlings in early January - it's too early, or at the end of May - it's too late. Every gardener knows this common truth. But, although we know the approximate dates for sowing seeds, sometimes it can be quite difficult to determine a specific date. Let's talk about everything in order.

Remember:

cabbage of early varieties should be sown for seedlings from the beginning of March until about the 25th-28th day of the month,
seeds of medium varieties can be sown approximately from March 25 to April 25,
well, cabbage of late varieties - from the beginning to the 20th of April.

If such dates for sowing cabbage seeds seem too vague and incomprehensible to you, then you will appreciate the recommendations from the article - it describes an algorithm that helps you calculate the optimal sowing dates specifically for your conditions.

Well, I will give one more hint: you can determine the time for sowing cabbage for seedlings based on the fact that about 10 days pass from the time of sowing the seeds to the emergence of seedlings (plus or minus a couple of days), and from the emergence of seedlings to the time of planting, about 50-55 days. Based on this, it is necessary to sow cabbage for seedlings 60-65 days before the desired planting in the ground.

Our market will help you choose seeds for sowing cabbage for seedlings, where offers from the largest online stores are collected. .

Thanks to simple manipulations, you can practically eliminate dangerous cabbage diseases (such as black leg, and so on) already in the seedling period, which means you will be able to grow healthy and strong seedlings.

If you purchased already processed seeds (this should be indicated on the package), it will be enough just to warm them for 20 minutes in hot water (at a temperature of about +50 ° C). After warming up the seeds, cool them for 5 minutes in cool water - this way you will increase the resistance of cabbage to various fungal diseases. Just keep in mind: not all seeds processed by the manufacturer can be moistened! For some species, this is completely unacceptable, therefore, in order not to be mistaken, read about which ones are used and what are their features.

6. Proper seeding

It would seem that there is nothing to bother: I bought the seeds, prepared the soil mixture and go ahead - this as you like. Not certainly in that way. In order for the cabbage seedlings to be strong and stocky, it is better to grow it with - only then the volume of its roots will be large, the seedlings themselves will grow more squat and strong, and it will be easier to transfer the transplant to permanent place. How to sow cabbage correctly?

Seeds of early cabbage should be sown in a tray or planter. Before sowing, we water the soil well, and we try not to moisten it more until shoots appear - this will prevent the disease of seedlings with a black leg. Why water the soil before sowing abundantly? The thing is that for germination, cabbage seeds need a lot of water - about 50% of their weight.

When shoots appear, they need to be left, leaving each a feeding area of approximately 2x2 cm. After 2 weeks, when the seedlings have already grown a little, they must be dived, planting according to the 3x3 cm scheme, for example, in cassettes. When diving, do not forget to deepen the stem of the seedlings to the cotyledons! After another half a month, the seedlings need to be transplanted again, but already in pots (peat pots, plastic or paper cups or any other) - ideally, the size of the new container should be 5x5 cm.

Before picking seedlings, it is advisable to treat the cups with a weak (blue in color) solution or any other drug that prevents the appearance of fungal diseases.

If you have no desire to dive cabbage, then it is better to initially sow it in separate pots. When the time comes for planting seedlings in a permanent place, its root system will be of large volume, and due to the fact that the plants grew in separate pots before transplantation, it is almost not injured ( a transplant will turn out).

7. Light for seedlings

In order for cabbage seedlings to grow strong and stocky, it is not enough to plant it correctly - you need to carry it out, because cabbage is not enough for ordinary daylight at home. With the help of an ordinary fluorescent lamp we illuminate the seedlings for about 12-15 hours a day.

8. Timely watering

"Cabbage loves water yes good weather”- this saying-statement is equally true both in relation to the already grown heads of cabbage and in relation to its seedlings.

In the article, we have collected recommendations from agronomists on what should be the correct planting and cultivation of seedlings of late cabbage, and what terms must be observed to obtain good yields. On the photo and video you can see how and when to implement proper fit late cabbage in the ground and for seedlings.

Garden cabbage is a biennial plant with tall stem and bluish or grey-green bare leaves, which are closely adjacent to each other and form an edible head of cabbage on the stem. Blooms in large multi-flowered racemes. Propagated by large (2 mm long) dark brown seeds. There are several types of cabbage, including red and white, Chinese and curly kale, Portuguese and Brussels sprouts, Savoy and kohlrabi, broccoli and cauliflower. Early and mid-season cabbage is used mainly as a salad in the spring-summer period, and late varieties are used for long-term storage throughout the winter season and sourdough. From what will be the cultivation, its development and harvest depend.

seeds

When to plant late cabbage and how to ensure maximum growth seed material? First of all, ensure the quality of the seeds of the purchased varieties and the timing of planting. Late cabbage is used for sourdough and winter storage, its heads should be dense and strong. Seeds of late cabbage are sown in April - in the first or third decade of the month. If you plant them late, they may not have time to form heads by the end. autumn season. The resulting seedlings can be planted in open ground after forty-five to fifty days.

After choosing the seeds of late varieties, it is necessary to properly prepare the soil in the fall. To do this, you need to mix humus and sod in equal proportions, then add a tablespoon of ash per kilogram of the mixture as a source of micro and macro elements and an antiseptic. It is the ash that will help you protect the cabbage seedlings from the black leg.

Permissible soil mix with the addition of peat. Cabbage will grow well only on breathable and fertile soil where other garden crops used to grow.

To germinate the seeds, you need to dip them in hot (up to 50 ° C) water for twenty minutes, then pour them for five minutes cold water to increase immunity to fungal diseases. After water stimulation, you need to prepare a solution of a growth stimulator of any company - Silk, Epin, Gumat or another.

On the eve of sowing, the soil should be watered abundantly, after which watering should be stopped until shoots appear.

Seeds should be sown to a depth of about a centimeter, the bed should be covered with paper or film on top to create a greenhouse effect and prevent moisture from evaporating from the top layer of the earth. The temperature must be at least 20°C.

Seedling

Seeds should hatch for 4-5 days, then open the bed and lower the ambient temperature to 6-10°C. Wait until the first full leaf has grown. This will happen by the end of the week, then you need to raise the temperature to 14-16 ° C. Make sure that at least half of the day (14-15 hours) sunrises are illuminated by the sun, but on cloudy days you can turn on a phyto- or fluorescent lamp. In order for seedlings of late varieties of cabbage to grow vigorously, ventilate the room where the boxes with its seedlings are, but do not allow drafts.

As soon as you remove the cover (film or paper) from the boxes, monitor the condition of the soil. Now it can be moistened, but not abundantly, so that a black leg does not appear. For prevention, a week after the seeds are spitting, pour the soil with a weak solution of copper sulphate or potassium permanganate (3 g of powder per ten-liter container of water).

picking

So that the seedlings have more area nutrition for rapid development, seedlings must dive. How and when to plant them correctly? Pour the soil abundantly before the procedure, then, using a narrow spatula, remove the seedlings alternately with a clod of earth, cut off the roots by a third and plant them in a separate cup, preferably peat-humus, deepening into the soil to the cotyledon leaves.

Why do we suggest using these cups? They are pressed from humus and peat, so you can plant them in the ground directly in them, the root system, with further growth of the seedlings, will quietly grow through the walls of the cup and continue to grow. This is how the most rational cultivation of cabbage seedlings is obtained.

Priming

How to determine visually whether it is time to plant cabbage seedlings in open ground or wait? Look at the seedling. If you have a late-ripening variety, seedling height 15-20 cm, 4-6 leaves per stem, then it's time to plant it in open ground from mid to late May.

By the way, carefully prepare the soil if you are interested in a good harvest. Late varieties of cabbage will grow well on loam or clay soil but not on acidic soils. The ideal hydrogen value should be -7.0.

On the first day of autumn in dry weather, it is necessary to dig up a plot for cabbage, and do not level the ground. The more irregularities, the better soil will absorb moisture for the winter and spring period. Only after the snow has melted will it be necessary to “close the moisture”, that is, slightly level the surface of the soil with a rake to prevent the rapid evaporation of moisture.

Landing pattern

Seedlings should not grow randomly. How to plant it correctly? If you want to receive excellent harvest late-ripening cabbage, there is a planting scheme - 60 × 70.

It is necessary to exclude the thickening of the beds, because the cabbage requires a large amount of sunlight and space for the free development of heads of cabbage.

What should be correct landing late cabbage varieties Use the layout of her seedlings, while pouring a mixture of fertilizers. It is necessary to mix a handful of peat with a handful of sand for each hole, add two humus and 50 g of wood ash. Pour 0.5 tsp as fertilizer. nitrophoska. As soon as all the wells are fertilized, water them abundantly and dip the cups with seedlings into the resulting slurry, which must be dug on top with moist soil, pressed lightly and sprinkled with dry soil.

Care

And now, you have finally finished planting seedlings in open ground and are ready to reap the fruits of your labor. However, before the time comes to collect elastic dense heads, you need to take care of protecting the cabbage from various insect pests and diseases.

What need to do? On hot sunny days, provide seedling shade with newspapers or nonwoven fabric. Planted seedlings should be watered daily in the evenings from a watering can with a divider for the first seven days. If the night frosts have already stopped, calmly remove the shelter.

Until the harvest, you just have to regularly water the developing seedlings, gently loosen the soil under them, weed weeds in time, regularly fertilize and treat for diseases and pests.

When three weeks have passed after planting, each cabbage seedling should be hilled, and after ten days, repeat the hilling procedure again.

Watering

For cabbage, access to water is very important, which is why to get good harvest outdoors, you should adhere to the irrigation regime. What does it mean:

Water only in the evening;
On sunny hot days, cabbage needs water every 2-3 days;
Cloudy days - a reason to switch to watering every 5-6 days;
After watering, it is necessary to loosen the soil with simultaneous hilling of seedlings.

Do you want to get the maximum possible yield of cabbage? The mulching layer should be at least 5 cm high and consist of peat, which will not only retain moisture in the ground, but will also be an excellent source of nutrients during plant development.

top dressing

Exactly mineral fertilizers render direct influence on plant growth. That is why, already on the 7-9th day, the dived seedlings need the first feeding. You need to prepare a mixture of 2 g of ammonium nitrate, 4 g of superphosphate and 2 potash fertilizers, then dissolve it in a liter of water. The resulting solution is enough for you for 50-60 seedlings.

So that the fertilizer does not get on the plants and does not cause burns, it must be poured into moistened soil.

After two weeks, a second top dressing is needed with a double dose of each fertilizer element per liter of water.

The third top dressing is called hardening, because it is done two days before the cabbage is planted in open ground. Here is the composition: per liter of water 5 g of superphosphate, 8 g of potash fertilizer, 3 g of ammonium nitrate.

What do they lead to potash fertilizers in high concentration? They help seedlings to take root in open ground.

Is it possible to replace all three dressings ready mix? Pay attention to the Kemira Lux liquid, which is a complex fertilizer in proportions that are rational for cabbage.

It is advisable to continue feeding plants even after planting seedlings in the ground. For the active development of heads, it is necessary to introduce at the stage of head formation liquid top dressing based on 10 liters of water 8 g of potassium sulfate, 5 g of double superphosphate and 4 g of urea.

Protection

After planting in open ground, tender seedlings of late varieties of cabbage need reliable protection from diseases and pests. How to do it:

Dusting with a mixture of ash and tobacco dust will help get rid of the invasion of fleas and slugs;
To destroy caterpillars and aphids, take care of timely spraying with infusion of tomato leaves. To do this, take 2 kg of a plant, pour 5 liters of water for four hours and boil for three hours. When the infusion has cooled, it must be filtered, diluted with water 1: 2 and pour 20-30 g of tar soap, grated on a fine grater, so that the infusion stays on the leaves.
The second option for dealing with aphids and caterpillars is to use an infusion of onion peel. Tightly fill a liter jar with it and fill this amount with two liters of boiling water. Two days later, the resulting infusion should be filtered, add 1 tbsp. detergent for dishes or liquid soap and dilute the mixture with two liters of water.
To deal with the larvae of the cabbage fly, scoop and Maybug, use a cunning maneuver. Dilute jam or honey with water, pour into a jar and dig it in the area. Black ants will crawl on the sweet, and in the meantime they will devour all the larvae.
how additional measure planting spicy plants near the cabbage site, including rosemary with basil, cilantro, sage, mint and marigolds, will help combat harmful insects. Their aroma will attract rider beetles with lacewings, ladybugs and other predatory insects, great lovers of fleas, slugs, butterflies and aphids.

Conclusion

Getting a large crop of late varieties of cabbage is very simple. To do this, you must adhere to the rules of seed care, sowing, germination, diving. Planting late cabbage in the ground should be in certain deadlines with the use of stimulants. Equally important are the timely planting of seedlings and top dressing with fertilizers, regular watering and loosening the soil in the beds. As protection against pests and diseases, chemical and self-made means of protection are used, as well as the attraction of beneficial predatory insects to control pests. Using the recommendations for care and cultivation will allow you to get a wonderful harvest of tight and juicy cabbages of late varieties at the end of autumn for long-term winter storage and pickling.

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