Varieties and types of radish: early and late ripening. The best varieties of radish: how not to make a mistake with the choice
Radish in the photo
The radish is round or oval, elongated or cylindrical; white, green, brown, black, pink and red, very similar to radish.
In Russia, growing radish in open ground are practiced everywhere, because it is a cold-resistant plant.
Radish seeds begin to germinate at a temperature of +2 ° C. Seedlings tolerate frosts down to -3 ° C, adult plants - up to -5 ° C. Root crops are relatively small, depending on the variety, weighing only 200 g each, and sometimes can weigh up to 1 .0 kg.
Seeds remain viable for 6 years. 1g contains an average of 100 pcs. seeds. When planting radish in open ground, the seeds are sown to a depth of 2-3 cm. The time from sowing to emergence is 4-7 days.
The radish is demanding of light, with its lack of root crops are not formed. Care consists in the timely breakthrough of thickened crops, watering, loosening and removing weeds.
Radish predecessors can be any crops under which organic matter was introduced, except for turnips, radishes and all types of cabbage.
When growing and caring for radishes in open ground good neighbors are lettuce, leeks, legumes and tomatoes. This culture has nothing against cucumbers. It is sown in an ordinary way in two terms: early summer varieties - in early April, winter - in mid-July.
For ease of maintenance, radish planting should be carried out to a depth of 1-2 cm according to a 20 x 30 cm scheme. Optimum temperature for growth and development +15...+18°С. The culture is cold-resistant, pulls out light frosts, is responsive to the aftereffect of organic fertilizers. Harvest is at the end of October.
Winter radish tastes spicier than summer radish.
Observing the right technology growing radish, from a row 1 m long, you can harvest 0.6 kg of summer varieties and 1.5 kg winter varieties. If the care for growing radish was correct, then the time from sowing to harvesting summer varieties is 3-6 weeks, and winter - 10-12 weeks. Winter radish is dug up at the end of September or in October and stored in the same way as carrots.
Radish seedlings in our conditions are annually damaged by the cruciferous flea, which eats out multiple holes in the leaves. Against a flea, seedlings should be sprayed with Fufanon, Sparks Double Effect, etc.
Dark skin varieties for the most part are winter. Thick peel allows you to keep the freshness of root crops for a long time.
The “weakness” of radish includes not only increased demands on soil moisture, but also frequent colonization by such pests as cruciferous flea, damaging the leaves, and summer cabbage fly, which can destroy the crop of root crops.
The best varieties of radish for growing in the middle lane
There are many varieties of radish that differ in taste, shape and color of root crops, ripening time.
See photos of the radish varieties described below:
Radish seeds "May summer" in the photo 
Radish "May summer" in the photo
"May Summer". from the emergence of seedlings to the onset of removable ripeness, it is grown for 70-95 days. The root crops are cylindric in shape, weighing 130-150 g, with white juicy pulp and white juicy peel, semi-sharp taste. The variety is resistant to flowering.
Seeds of radish "Margelanskaya" in the photo 
Radish "Margelanskaya" in the photo
"Margelanskaya" (summer)- an early variety of radish. The root crop of this species is cylindrical, short (9-16 cm), dark green in color with a white tip. The flesh is light green, juicy, almost without bitterness.
Radish seeds "Winter round black" in the photo 
Radish "Winter round black" in the photo
"Winter round black". The vegetative period from germination to technical maturity is 70-95 days. The lightness is high. The root crop is black, smooth, flat-round or rounded. This is one of the best varieties of radish for middle lane: it has a white, dense, juicy pulp with a sharp-sweet taste. Weight up to 500 g.
Radish seeds "Winter round white" in the photo 
Radish "Winter round white" in the photo
"Winter round white". The root crop is white, with light green pigmentation at the top, rounded, 7-8 cm long and 7-8 cm in diameter. The pulp is white, slightly starchy, dense, juicy, medium sweet. The mass of the root crop is 200-450 g.
Winter radish is dug up in late autumn - October and stored in the same way as carrots.
Traditionally, white and black radishes are grown, and now there is an opportunity to diversify the menu with red root vegetables:
Useful properties of radish
In Russia, the radish has always enjoyed well-deserved love among the people. Root vegetables are eaten in the form of salads and seasonings. The taste of this vegetable depends on essential oils, and the sharpness is due to glycosides. The beneficial properties of radish are due to the content of sugars, fiber, fats, enzymes, choline, vitamins C, B, a significant amount of potassium salts, which are three times more in black radish than in white. in winter and in early spring When there is a particular lack of vitamins, the value of radish increases significantly.
It stimulates the secretion of gastric juice, improving digestion. Fiber has a beneficial effect on intestinal activity, which enhances peristalsis and promotes the excretion of excess cholesterol from the body, which is essential in the prevention of atherosclerosis. However, with peptic ulcer, inflammation gastrointestinal tract and liver, severe heart disease, it is undesirable to use radish.
Juice and grated radish accelerate the healing of purulent ulcers and wounds, as they have an antimicrobial effect. This action is explained by the presence in the radish of a strong bactericidal substance - lysozyme. Pronounced antimicrobial properties are also inherent in radish seeds, especially black radish.
Radish is, without any doubt, a unique plant. Its roots contain a huge amount of minerals, vitamins and organic acids. The juice of this vegetable perfectly restores the immune system in spring and winter period s, giving the body the strength to cope with infections. Varieties of radish are very diverse, their number is unmeasured. Knowing what kind of radish is and how it differs, even the most picky gardener will find his favorite radish.
Early maturing
These types of radish will yield the fastest crop. As a rule, only a month passes from sowing to harvest. For the whole season, you can have time to grow several batches of a summer variety of radish.
Mayskaya
You can prepare a dish from it in 2 months. There is no point in growing for sale: the crop deteriorates very quickly.
The root crop is white, slightly pointed at the bottom. The pulp contains a lot of juice, tender, its taste is slightly sharp.
Odessa 5
Radish rounded conical shape, tapering downwards. Poorly stored, the best condition - immediately from the garden.
Inside the vegetable is white, juicy. The weight of individual root crops can reach 100 grams.
Summer round white
In the summer I want to get it as soon as possible fresh vegetables, so the summer radish was not called so in vain: it is ready in a month and a half.
Round white root crops weigh about 70-100 grams. They need to be removed as soon as possible so that the radish does not become hollow and rot.
green goddess
The variety was bred not so long ago by enterprising breeders. There are very few mustard oils in the pulp, so the taste is not very sharp. The green skin and beautiful rounded shape of this radish will decorate vegetable compositions.
Radish is rich in trace elements, mineral salts and amino acids. It is recommended for children and people with stomach and liver problems.
It can be stored for a long time, without losing either the elasticity of the skin or the richness of taste.
Sudarushka
As a rule, radish seeds of this variety are planted in summer. However, you can give up the tradition and scatter the seeds on the beds in autumn or spring.
Oval root crops are not as small as others: 10 cm in diameter. This radish hides only halfway into the soil, so there will be no problems with pulling out.
oilseed
Very unpretentious plant, can survive and give bountiful harvest in almost any weather: cold, drought and empty soil. It grows so fast that it can suppress weeds and nematodes.
Daikon
Also known as the Japanese radish. The second name was given to her by the name of her homeland - Japan. This variety is valued for its unpretentiousness and medicinal properties, coupled with a pleasant taste. One type of Daikon (Misato) has a pink color. Salads can be diversified with such a pink radish: cheerful bright inclusions will decorate the dish.
Root crops can grow up to 60 cm in length. The maximum diameter is 10 cm. You can eat not only the underground part, but also leaves, and even radish seeds.
Gardeners from regions with problematic ecology should take a closer look at the Japanese radish: the daikon does not absorb everything harmful substances from the environment.
Mid-season
From the moment the first shoots appear to harvest, it can take about three months, so get ready to spend the whole season in the beds, caring for these types of radish.
Winter round black
In addition to active medicinal properties, it also has a pleasant taste. Slightly flattened root crops weigh up to half a kilogram. The variety is not susceptible to diseases and can be stored for a long time without losing taste and quality.
Winter round white
White and firm oval roots, medium-sharp taste. They are best eaten in autumn and winter. A plentiful harvest is stored for a long time and reaches the counter in its original form.
Winter long black
Elongated root crops are painted black, weighing from 250 to 400 grams. The fibrous pulp inside is white and crispy. It can be eaten as soon as from the ground, and after many months of storage in the cellar.
Marvelous (Wonderful)
A round black radish weighs no more than 350 grams. Inside it is white and dense, there are no voids. You need to sow in mid-June in order to have time to harvest before the onset of severe frosts.
Margelan (Chinese)
Gardeners know it more by the name "Lobo radish" or "Loba". The shape is rounded, all varieties go to salads. Lobo radish loves fertile soils and organic fertilizers. To collect a lot of vegetables, seedlings need to be watered regularly.
Patients of a cardiologist, people with inflammation and wounds should pay attention to this outlandish vegetable, since the Lobo radish removes salt and cholesterol from the body, and has antiseptic properties.
Elephant tusk (white tusk)
The radish got its name for its resemblance to elephant tusks: long, straight and whitish. In the conditions of Russian weather, he feels great, and the collected kilograms will lie all winter.
late ripening
Such a radish requires a long and methodical care. The average ripening period is 100-120 days.
Gaivoronskaya
Unpretentious variety, calmly tolerates low temperatures. It’s not scary if you haven’t harvested the crop by the beginning of autumn. Root crops have an elongated, cylindrical shape and white color. The variety is well adapted to winter storage.
Hard dense fibers of white pulp have a very sharp taste. Such a radish can be added to dishes to give vigor, but it is not suitable for salads and for “raw” consumption.
Gayvoronskaya 27
Truly this is Gulliver among radish species. The length of half a meter is combined with a weight of up to two kilograms. These parameters provide excellent yields. All investments pay off handsomely. The leaves are large and spread along the ground with “burdocks”. Loose soils and a lot of water are the key to “poured” root crops.
healer
One of the new varieties. Created for sale. Medicinal properties and high yields enable the seller not only to compensate for losses, but also to make a profit. Beautiful round root crops are covered with a black peel, crispy white pulp inside.
What to choose
With all the abundance of varieties, only a few of them won the love of gardeners. There are four species in total, and they were awarded the title of the best varieties of radish.
- Mayskaya. Ripens quickly, tasty and tender flesh.
- Odessa 5. High yield and pleasant taste.
- Winter black. Excellent quality is combined with a large mass of each instance.
- Winter white. Consistently rich harvests, keeps a commodity-exhibition appearance for a long time.
Winter varieties of radish are otherwise called biennial. They require less attention than summer ones, while giving the same quality crop.
One of healthy vegetables in our gardens - radish. Usually grown black, but there are several types of radish. The peel of the root crop can be white, and green, and red, although the flesh of all varieties is often white and dense. There are winter and summer varieties of vegetables, depending on the time of use of the product. And all varieties of vegetables are beneficial. The root crop is used to cleanse the body, improve the functions of the gallbladder. And it is difficult to recover from a cough without radish.
Radish belongs to the cruciferous family.
For open ground, two-year varieties of vegetables, or winter, and annual varieties have been bred. If you sow the plant early, then in the summer it will bloom, ending its growing season.. Winter varieties take longer to develop, so they do not have enough warm days to form seeds.
The features of the root crop include:
- resistance to frost, temperature drops;
- exactingness to light, soil fertility;
- moisture-loving;
- unpretentiousness in care;
- productivity in compliance with the rules of agricultural technology.
The vegetable does not like dense plantings. For proper growth and the formation of large root crops, seeds should be planted at a distance of 30–45 centimeters from each other with embedding to a depth of 2–3 centimeters.
To store radish all winter, you need to plant seeds in open ground no earlier than mid-June, you can in early July. For use in summer and autumn - at the end of April.
For culture, you need to nourish the soil mineral complexes with ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, potassium chloride. Before planting, it is better to fertilize the area with humus or compost in the amount of 3-4 kilograms per square meter.
During the summer, radish beds need weeding, loosening, and watering.
Varieties of radish
Radish is divided into varieties according to the speed of ripening. There are early, mid-season and late types. In addition, the vegetable is divided according to the color of the root crop into black, white, green and red. They differ in the shape and size of the fruit, as well as taste.
Black
Varieties of black radish produce round, conical or oblong roots. And the weight of the product is different depending on the variety. The black radish has a dense skin with a smooth or rough surface. Under it lies a white juicy pulp. The taste of black radish is burning, bitter. The fruits contain essential oils, a lot of vitamin C.
Winter round black
The variety belongs to late-ripening, as it ripens 110–120 days after planting the seeds. It has a black skin covered with grooves and white flesh with a spicy taste. Stored until spring.
Night
The radish ripens in 75 days. A round root crop reaches a weight of up to 200 grams. The pulp has a sharp, sweet taste.
healer
The winter variety of black radish is valued for its excellent keeping quality. The fruits have juicy pulp with a slight bitterness. They reach a mass of up to 250 grams.
Murzilka
One of the late varieties gives root crops round shape, reaching a diameter of 10 centimeters, and a weight of 300 grams. Until spring, the vegetable is stored in the cellars.
Uncle Chernomor
The vegetable reaches technical ripeness in 75–90 days. For a rounded root crop, a sharp taste is inherent, sweetish. The dark skin is smooth or covered with grooves. Used for food in the autumn-winter period.
Cylinder
The mid-season variety is distinguished by elongated cylindrical fruits. The optimal weight is 200-20 grams. The sweet-spicy pulp is pleasant to the taste, therefore it is used in salads. Advantages include crack resistance.
Chernavka
A variety has been bred for winter storage. A root crop with snow-white pulp has a mass of 260 grams and a diameter of up to 10 centimeters.
Chernomorochka
The recently bred species of black radish is famous for its large, half a kilogram root crops. Use round fruits in salads, slicing. They retain useful qualities until the next harvest.
Black medicinal
Black flat-round fruits reach ripeness in 70-90 days. Under smooth - white dense pulp. The mass of one copy reaches from 200 to 500 grams with a length of 10 centimeters. The vegetable is used in medicinal purposes. It keeps well in the winter.
White
The white root vegetables are not as pungent as the black ones, but are suitable for eating raw, reminiscent of radishes in taste. More often the fruits are elongated. Unlike other varieties white radish, or daikon, can be used by those who suffer from dysfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract, loss of appetite.
Minowashi
A subspecies of the Japanese daikon is delicate in taste, with a sweet top fetus. High yield of the variety - up to 12 kilograms with square meter, moreover, the mass of one root crop can reach 1.5 kilograms. The variety is afraid of lowering the temperature.
Moscow hero
The mid-season daikon of domestic selection reaches maturity within 80–85 days. Cylindrical root crops 75 centimeters long sink a third into the ground. Fruit weight reaches 1-2 kilograms.
tower
It takes about 70 days for a radish to reach maturity. The variety has an excellent taste - delicate, with a slight bitterness. The white flesh is used in salads. Fruits are characterized by good keeping quality.
dragon tooth
An elongated conical root crop 60 centimeters long completely goes into the ground. The variety tolerates frosts well, does not shoot. Ripens in 70-75 days.
The Dragon
The mid-season variety is famous for its cylindrical-conical root crops weighing up to 1 kilogram. The vegetable is distinguished by high yields, the fruits are well preserved during the winter.
Vakula
The variety is suitable for outdoor cultivation. Daikon pleases with white juicy fruits in 50-60 days. Recommend a vegetable for consumption in fresh and winter storage. It is suitable for dietary and baby food, as it has tender pulp without bitterness.
Rhinoceros
Daikon ripens quickly, in 53–57 days. Long root crops with a rounded greenish head go into the soil by a third of their length, and are easily pulled out. Juicy pulp of white color has a sweetish refreshing taste without spiciness. Daikon yields are up to 7 kilograms per square meter.
Sasha
One of the popular varieties of white radish is early ripening. The first product is obtained after 35–45 days. Round daikon fruit has a juicy crispy pulp with a spicy-sweet taste. Fruits weighing 200–400 grams are stored for 2 months.
Green
Green radish is considered the record holder for the amount of minerals. She is called Margelan or Chinese by her place of birth. One of the most unpretentious plants has gained popularity due to the tenderness of taste.
Green Goddess
Correct rounded shape and pleasant green color characteristic of the variety. Fruit weighing 400 grams contains a small amount of bitterness. The root crop ripens after 60–63 days. The radish is resistant to flowering, is famous for its versatility of use.
Southerner
The early ripening product is characterized by high yields, better taste and medicinal properties. The root crop is oval-round, weighing 250 grams, covered with a rough greenish peel, with juicy, white pulp.
Margelanskaya
The first harvests are obtained in 60-65 days. Up to 6 kilograms of root crops are dug from one square meter. The fruits are small in diameter and have a greenish color on top and inside.
Red
The red vegetable obtained by crossing has many advantages: a sweet taste without bitterness, white flesh. There are varieties with a pink middle and white skin.
Lobo Troyandova
The Chinese radish, or lobo, has large fruits with tender sweet pulp. The growing season of the variety lasts 80 days. Fruits of an oval shape of a pink color reach a weight of 700 grams. Up to 6.5 kilograms of root crops are harvested from one square meter.
Red long
The summer variety has an elongated root crop weighing 150 grams, 14 centimeters long. Beneath the thin red skin is juicy white flesh. Low-calorie product suitable for those who want to lose weight.
Manthang Hong
The hybrid is distinguished by a high presentation of fruits, their rapid growth. The aligned fruits are covered with a white-greenish skin on top, and raspberry-red inside. The taste of the pulp is close to radish: crispy, juicy, slightly spicy.
Lady
The advantages of the variety include resistance to low temperatures, short daylight hours. Radish resistant to flowering. The culture development period is 68 days. The root crop is red, round in shape with a conical head, weighing 100 grams. The pulp is white and juicy.
Red winter
The fruits ripen in 75–90 days from germination. Round in shape, they are red in color, weighing up to 200 grams. Radish with white pulp, sweet taste. Recommend product for consumption during autumn and winter.
In addition, this root crop is used in the manufacture of salads, marinades and seasonings. People who often use radish do not have problems with their figure, feel good spirits and do not suffer from headaches. That is why many gardeners are trying to acquire this wonderful vegetable.
The use of radish
When to plant a radish, and which variety is best to choose? These questions torment many gardeners. It all depends on what the person wants to end up with. Each type of radish has its own purpose. For the preparation of salad or seasonings, white or seed radish is used, for the manufacture of remedies for arthritis, sciatica and other joint diseases, black radish is used.
The most popular type of radish is the radish. Sometimes radishes are called sowing or garden radishes. It is used to prepare salads, pickles, marinades and seasonings. In addition to radishes, there are such types of radishes:
- white;
- seaside;
- wild;
- black.
The most popular type is radish
The white radish is very useful product. The composition of this root crop includes vitamins A, B, C, H, as well as trace elements such as phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium. White radish mobilizes immunity reserves and prevents the appearance of various viral diseases such as the flu or a cold. This type of root crop is rich in phytoncides that stimulate the immune system. The most popular varieties of white radish in Russia and China are Margelan and Daikon. These varieties can be seen in the photo.
Black radish or otherwise bitter is no less useful. It is it that is used for the manufacture of various ointments and medicines. The composition of the bitter root includes iron, zinc, phosphorus, calcium, potassium, magnesium and the very important vitamin B9. The juice of this plant is the best choleretic and diuretic agent. The pulp of black radish helps with arthritis, arthrosis, sciatica.
Black bitter radish
Seaside radish got its name from the place of growth. In Russia, this plant is common in areas near the Black Sea. In Ukraine, the seaside radish is listed in the Red Book. The photo below shows a seaside view. Wild radish is essentially a weed. Sitting down to cultivated plants he literally sucks everything out of them nutrients. The only positive thing about wild radish is that its flowers are rich in pollen and attractive to bees.
Growing radish is a rather troublesome business. This root crop loves moisture and careful care. Any radish is planted with seeds. Quality seeds are Brown color. If the seeds are gray or have black spots, it is better not to plant them. These black and gray streaks may indicate decay. The land must be prepared for planting, the soil is mixed with humus. Summer radish varieties should be planted around April 25-30. Winter radish is planted from June 25 to July 12.
Growing a root crop
The depth of each furrow for planting should be no deeper than 2 cm. The distance between the furrows is 25-30 cm. The soil must be watered abundantly before planting. 2-3 seeds should be placed in each recess. This is necessary so that in the event of a crop failure, the holes do not remain empty. If all the seeds germinate, you can then thin out the beds. Radish is a cold hardy plant. Even frosts down to -5 degrees are not dangerous for this root crop.
All varieties of radish require abundant watering. If the summer is not rainy, watering should be done at least once a week. It is thanks to abundant watering that the fruits are large and juicy. In addition to watering, caring for this plant includes:
- lure mineral fertilizers;
- loosening the soil;
- weeding;
- protection from harmful insects.
Proper plant care
The first feeding of radish with mineral fertilizers should be carried out when the plants have leaves. The second time this procedure is carried out after 20-25 days. As the complementary food itself, a mixture of potassium chloride, urea, superphosphate and water is used. Such nutritional care will significantly accelerate the growth of plants and, with the right ratio of components, will be safe for people.
Loosening the soil is necessary for the respiration of plants, as well as for the full absorption of moisture. Loosening plants should be carried out only 3-4 times, the next day after watering. Weeding helps eliminate weeds that take nutrients from the soil. Weeding should be done at least once every two weeks. Such mechanical care will protect the plants and help retain the necessary moisture.
Loosening the soil around the plant
Radish of any variety is a tasty morsel for harmful insects. Slugs, cabbage leaf beetles, aphids, and wavy fleas often nest on the leaves of this plant. Plants need to be treated regularly. by the most effective means in the fight against insects are Confidor, Aktellika, Lightning, Aktara. To enhance the effect, many summer residents dilute these drugs. liquid soap. Such care will help protect plants from many pests.
Radish, like other root crops, requires careful storage. Experienced gardeners hide the fruits shortly before the first frost. You need to collect radishes in sunny, dry weather. Fruits soaked in the rain will not be able to be stored for a long time. The tops and roots must be cut off, and the remnants of the soil shake off. Fruits affected by pests or diseases cannot be stored together with healthy ones. Fruits, even with slight mechanical damage, will not be stored for long. To prevent healthy fruits from rotting, they must be stored in a dry wooden box. To prevent the appearance of sprouts, the box is first covered with dry sand.
Proper storage fruits
Radish planting and subsequent care must be carried out correctly. If the gardener neglects at least one stage of plant processing, the entire work will go down the drain. In order for root crops to grow large and juicy, it is necessary to water them abundantly, carefully weed and often loosen. Proper storage will allow summer residents to enjoy the fruits of radish at any time of the year.
Fans of this fruit should understand that when buying seeds, you should pay attention to climatic conditions and soil features. Hybrids obtained by breeding acquire additional properties such as disease resistance and resistance to adverse conditions. Such varieties almost always provide high yields. As for varietal seeds, taste qualities radishes grown from them outperform the taste of hybrids, although more painstaking care will be required.
Consequences of a mistake when purchasing material for sowing
With the wrong choice of variety, the gardener risks being left without a crop. Inappropriate soil leads to cracking or small size radish. If the culture does not like the conditions, the result will be abundant flowering, while the root itself does not develop at all.
On what factors does the choice of the type of root crop for cultivation depend?
From the climate
radish is considered unpretentious plant, so it is grown everywhere in Russia. In addition, it is cold-resistant, but this property of the plant has a limit. Since the climatic conditions in some regions, for example, in Siberia and the Urals, are quite severe, this fact must be taken into account.
Moist and loose soils are most suitable for growing. So when choosing a variety and studying planting technology, they are based on the weather characteristics of the selected region. Cold territories are characterized by the fact that the soil warms up only by the end of May, so the plant should be planted in early June. This will protect the seedlings from freezing if frost occurs.
From the purpose of cultivation
If the goal is seasonal consumption, that is, the gardener wants to harvest and use the radish before the onset of winter, early varieties are used (they are usually early ripening and have a medium size). These varieties include:
- Summer round white.
- Mayskaya.
- Odessa 5.
- Sudarushka.
- Green goddess.
- Daikon (Japanese radish).
Important! For winter storage, it is better to choose late or mid-season varieties. The landing is carried out until the very end of July. If you choose from a mid-ripening radish, then this is Winter round white, Winter round black, Winter long black, Margelan and Marvelous (Wonderful) radish. And from the later varieties Lekar, Gaivoronskaya 27, Gaivoronskaya are suitable.
Names of the best root varieties, their description and photo
Black
The color of this root crop corresponds to the name. Compared to all other species, black radish is very pungent and bitter, its flesh is white, dense and fibrous. The bitterness is due to the high concentration of mustard essential oil.
A two-year cycle of development is necessary for seed maturation. In the first year, lush green tops form on the surface and a rounded black fruit underground. Approximate weight - 200 g, but can reach 2 kg. In the second year of life, the root crop produces an inflorescence about half a meter high, and after a month brownish seeds begin to ripen.
Despite the specific taste, the benefits when consumed are invaluable. Due to the rich content of vitamins, micro and macro elements, as well as essential oils, black radish helps in the treatment of coughs, arthritis, and also stimulates digestion and appetite. Among all varieties, it is considered the most useful.
Serpentine
Serpentine, or capsicum radish is quite rare in domestic gardens. Its peculiarity lies in the absence of an edible root crop. The pods grow on the above-ground shoots of the plant and have a strange curved shape. In the climate of Russia, they grow up to 12 cm. In their native habitat (on the island of Java, Ceylon, in India), the length of the fleshy fruits-pods reaches 60 cm, or even a meter.
To taste, this species is similar to red radish, it has a sharpness, but not as pronounced as in the black variety. They are eaten fresh, boiled and pickled. Serpentine radish is rich in minerals, therefore it improves digestion, normalizes intestinal balance, and strengthens the immune system. Due to its low calorie content, it belongs to the category of dietary products.
White (Daikon)
Japanese radish has elongated white fruits, reaching 60 cm in length and 10 cm in width. A rather unpretentious culture, therefore, it has become widespread far beyond the borders of its homeland. Valued for its sweet taste and complete absence of bitterness. Weighs from 500 g to 4 kg, but to achieve maximum size it takes at least two months, regular top dressing and abundant watering.
White radish is rich in:
- vitamin C;
- contains folic acid;
- beta carotene;
- potassium and other beneficial substances.
In addition to improving digestion, it has:
- antibacterial properties;
- strengthens the cardiovascular system;
- helps to dissolve stones in the gallbladder and kidneys;
- lowers cholesterol levels.
Green
Composition green radish close to black, and to taste to white. Uzbekistan is considered the birthplace of the plant. The root crop has a greenish color, the flesh is white, sometimes slightly greenish. The taste is slightly bitter, but mild. Rich in vitamins A and B, potassium salts and other elements necessary for the body, green radish has gained wide popularity among domestic gardeners.
wild
The wild variety of the plant is an annual, which is found throughout central Russia. It is considered a good honey plant, but in fact it is a weed. Has a powerful elevated escape up to 70 cm in height and underground tap root. It has a yellow-white, and sometimes lilac inflorescence. The flowering period lasts from June to September, and the seeds rich in mustard oil are dangerous for herbivores.
Chinese
Chinese radish has other names - Margelan and lobo. One- and biennial plant, belongs to the subspecies of the common black radish. The fruits are round and elongated, juicy and dense. The taste is quite rich, but not sharp, all its hybrids are consumed raw in salads.
As for color, the root crop happens:
- pinkish;
- white;
- light green;
- lilac purple;
- dark green only top part heads remain bright green.
Reaches a weight of 500 g. The flesh has the same varied shades as the skin. Since the content of mustard oil is much lower than that of the black variety, people with liver and heart disease can consume it in moderation. It also has a rich composition. Thanks to vitamins A, B, C, E, H and beneficial trace elements, it is used as an antiseptic and depressant, to stimulate appetite and normalize the work of the digestive tract.
oilseed
One of the types of plants that are not eaten, but are used to improve soil structure, in the form of compost, and also to suppress weeds. This is a fairly high (up to 1.5 m) unpretentious culture that grows on any type of soil. During growth, it not only loosens the soil remarkably, but also contributes to the accumulation of mineral components. Fairly hardy fast growing oil radish able to withdraw from personal plot even such a weed as wheatgrass.
Types of vegetables for different climatic zones
For the middle band
As for the choice of seeds for different climatic zones, the following varieties are suitable for central Russia.
May summer
Harvest is taken 70-95 days after germination. The fruits of cylindrical shape reach a mass of 130-150 g, the pulp is white, juicy, medium spicy. Resistant to unwanted blooms.
Margelan summer
An early appearance with a cylindrical short root crop, reaching from 9 to 16 cm. The skin color is green with a white tip. The color of the pulp is light green, almost no sharpness.
Winter round black
The period from germination to maturity is 70-95 days. The color of the peel is black, the shape of the fruit is round or cylindrical. The white flesh is spicy-sweet in taste. Root weight - 500g. Withstands long-term storage in winter time.
Winter round white
White fruit with a greenish tinge in the upper part. The shape is round, diameter 7-8 cm. The pulp is quite sweet, juicy, starchy. Reaches a weight of 200-500 g.
Red winter and Loba
Also suitable for the middle band, they give some color variety. Red winter radish resembles radish in shape and color, its weight is 150-200 g. Medium-early, high-yielding, resistant to adverse conditions culture. Loba has very juicy flesh with almost no bitterness. Refers to early ripening varieties (50-70 days). The shape of the fruit is oval, the color is green, the size is 16 cm long and 12 wide, weight - up to 400 g.
Daikon cultivation is gaining more and more popularity. The middle lane is characterized by early and mid-ripening varieties, for example:
- Japanese early;
- Elephant tusk;
- Minowase;
- Tokinashi;
- Miyashige.
All of them have a shape characteristic of a daikon, but differ in size. Root vegetables taste juicy and without bitterness.
Winter varieties are supposed to be dug up at the end of October.
For Siberia and the Urals
As for Siberia and the Urals, climatic features are taken into account here. If a double crop is planned, then early varieties are planted in early May., and for winter storage - until the end of June. Select a site with good lighting. Given the ripening time and whimsicality of crops, in addition to the varieties already mentioned (Winter round black, Winter round white and Margelan) varieties, the following species are suitable for Siberia and the Urals.
Sudarushka
An early ripe crop with a round or oval fruit shape.
Munich Bier
It has high taste qualities. Used fresh. Root crops are white, oval and oblong, reaching a weight of 300-400 g. Refers to early ripe varieties.
Cylinder
Elongated shape, slightly spicy taste, weight - 300 g. Mid-season radish, has healing qualities.
Night
Mid-season, with black skin, spicy-sweet, weight - 250-250 g.
Gaivoronskaya
Many Siberian gardeners prefer this variety. It refers to late varieties, since the growing season is 110-120 days. Very good in winter. The fruits are white or slightly greenish, elongated with a sharp taste. Not subject to flowering and gives high yields.
What vegetable seeds to buy?
For an apartment
At home, radishes are rarely grown. For this, her close relative radish is more suitable. Varieties grow well on a window or balcony:
- Carmen;
- White Fang;
- Celeste F1.
The crop is harvested 40 days after planting. The main thing is not to exceed the temperature (18-20 degrees) and ensure watering.
For open ground
All varieties suitable for central Russia are used when planting in open ground. In addition to them, it is worth mentioning the Odessa-5 variety. He has mass positive qualities: juicy tasty fruits with tender pulp, ripens quickly, the skin is smooth white, suitable for both autumn consumption and winter storage.
For greenhouses
Radishes are grown in film greenhouses and heated rooms. Daikon varieties are gaining popularity:
- Mantangong;
- Beauty Hart.
Distinctive a feature of such root crops are large size, rounded shape and reddish flesh.
Also suitable for greenhouses:
- Runder Weiser (early variety);
- Deno (large size and lush tops);
- Ostergus white;
- Munich greenhouse.
Wherein seedling and seedless methods are used. At high humidity and warm temperature the process of maturation and growth is greatly accelerated.
Where and for how much can you buy seed?
Modern horticulture and horticulture stores provide their customers with a huge range of varietal and hybrid radish seeds, and qualified staff will help you choose a crop that meets the requirements of the buyer.
As for the residents of the capital and St. Petersburg, they are given the opportunity to place an order for the purchase of seeds without leaving their homes. Internet trading centers (SEMENAPOST, LEROY MERLIN, AGRO SOS, etc.) offer not only mail forwarding, but also urgent home delivery.
As for prices, it depends on what kind of purchase is planned. Retail and Wholesale prices differ significantly. For example, a package of seeds weighing 1 kg costs from 1,500 to 4,000 rubles. It all depends on the variety and its characteristics. As for seeds for home gardening, the price of a bag of black radish seeds starts from 6 rubles and more, a standard bag of daikon seeds costs from 16 rubles and more. So buying a new variety will not require large expenditures.
When choosing a variety of radish, and regardless of the method of cultivation, it is necessary to observe the planting dates. Right time planting is one of the factors that ensure high yields.