Calculation of heat supply by pressure and temperature. Coolant temperature in different heating systems

The basis of an economical approach to energy consumption in a heating system of any type is the temperature graph. Its parameters indicate the optimal value of water heating, thereby optimizing costs. In order to apply these data in practice, it is necessary to learn more about the principles of its construction.

Terminology

Temperature graph - the optimal value of heating the coolant to create comfortable temperature in room. It consists of several parameters, each of which directly affects the quality of the entire heating system.

1. The temperature in the inlet and outlet pipes of the heating boiler.
2. The difference between these indicators of heating the coolant.
3. Temperature indoors and outdoors.

The latter characteristics are decisive for the regulation of the first two. Theoretically, the need to increase the heating of water in the pipes comes with a decrease in the temperature outside. But how much should be increased so that the heating of the air in the room is optimal? To do this, draw up a graph of the dependence of the parameters of the heating system.

When calculating it, the parameters of the heating system and the residential building are taken into account. For district heating, the following temperature parameters systems:

• 150°C/70°C. Before reaching the users, the coolant is diluted with water from the return pipe to normalize the incoming temperature.
• 90°C/70°C. In this case, there is no need to install equipment for mixing streams.

According to the current parameters of the system, utilities must monitor compliance with the heating medium heating value in the return pipe. If this parameter is less than normal, it means that the room is not warming up properly. The excess indicates the opposite - the temperature in the apartments is too high.

Temperature chart for a private house

The practice of drawing up such a schedule for autonomous heating not very developed. This is explained by his fundamental difference from centralized. It is possible to control the water temperature in the pipes in manual and automatic mode. If during design and practical implementation the installation of sensors for automatic regulation operation of the boiler and thermostats in each room, then there will be no urgent need to calculate the temperature schedule.

But for calculating future expenses depending on weather conditions, it will be indispensable. In order to compose it according to current rules, the following conditions must be taken into account:

Only after these conditions are met, you can proceed to the calculation part. At this stage, difficulties may arise. The correct calculation of an individual temperature graph is a complex mathematical scheme that takes into account all possible indicators.

However, to facilitate the task, there are ready-made tables with indicators. The following are examples of the most common operating modes heating equipment. The following input data were taken as initial conditions:

• The minimum air temperature outside is 30°С
• The optimum room temperature is +22°C.

Based on these data, charts were drawn up for the following types operation of heating systems.

It is worth remembering that these data do not take into account the design features of the heating system. They only show the recommended values ​​\u200b\u200bof the temperature and power of heating equipment, depending on weather conditions.

Each heating system has certain characteristics. These include power, heat transfer and temperature operation. They determine the efficiency of work, directly affecting the comfort of living in the house. How to choose the right temperature graph and heating mode, its calculation?

Drawing up a temperature chart

The temperature schedule of the heating system is calculated according to several parameters. Not only the degree of heating of the premises, but also the flow rate of the coolant depends on the selected mode. This also affects the ongoing costs of heating maintenance.

The drawn up schedule of the temperature regime of heating depends on several parameters. The main one is the level of water heating in the mains. It, in turn, consists of the following characteristics:

• Temperature in the supply and return pipelines. Measurements are made in the corresponding boiler nozzles;
• Characteristics of the degree of heating of air indoors and outdoors.

The correct calculation of the heating temperature graph begins with the calculation of the difference between the temperature hot water in the straight and supply pipe. This value has the following notation:

∆T=Tin-Tob

Where Tin- water temperature in the supply line, Tob- the degree of heating of water in the return pipe.

To increase the heat transfer of the heating system, it is necessary to increase the first value. To reduce the coolant flow rate, ∆t must be kept to a minimum. This is precisely the main difficulty, since the temperature schedule of the heating boiler directly depends on external factors- heat losses in the building, air in the street.

To optimize the heating power, it is necessary to make thermal insulation of the outer walls of the house. This will reduce heat losses and energy consumption.

Temperature calculation

To determine the optimal temperature regime, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the heating components - radiators and batteries. In particular, specific power (W / cm²). This will directly affect the heat transfer of heated water to air into the room.

It is also necessary to make a series preliminary calculations. This takes into account the characteristics of the house and heating devices:

• Heat transfer resistance coefficient of external walls and window structures. It must be at least 3.35 m² * C / W. Depends on the climatic features of the region;
• Surface power of radiators.

The temperature curve of the heating system is directly dependent on these parameters. To calculate the heat loss of a house, it is necessary to know the thickness of the outer walls and the building material. The calculation of the surface power of batteries is carried out according to the following formula:

Rud=P/Fact

Where R– maximum power, W, fact– radiator area, cm².

According to the data obtained, a temperature regime for heating and a heat transfer schedule are compiled depending on the temperature outside.

To timely change the heating parameters, a temperature heating controller is installed. This device connects to outdoor and indoor thermometers. Depending on the current indicators, the operation of the boiler or the volume of coolant inflow to the radiators is adjusted.

The weekly programmer is the optimal temperature controller for heating. With its help, you can automate the operation of the entire system as much as possible.

Central heating

For district heating the temperature regime of the heating system depends on the characteristics of the system. Currently, there are several types of parameters of the coolant supplied to consumers:

• 150°C/70°C. To normalize the water temperature with the help of an elevator unit, it is mixed with a cooled stream. In this case, it is possible to draw up an individual temperature schedule for a heating boiler house for a particular house;
• 90°C/70°C. It is typical for small private heating systems designed for heating several apartment buildings. In this case, you can not install the mixing unit.

It is the responsibility of utilities to calculate the temperature heating schedule and control of its parameters. At the same time, the degree of air heating in residential premises should be at the level of + 22 ° С. For non-residential, this figure is slightly lower - + 16 ° С.

For a centralized system, drawing up a correct temperature schedule for a heating boiler room is required to ensure an optimal comfortable temperature in the apartments. The main problem is the lack feedback- it is impossible to adjust the parameters of the coolant depending on the degree of air heating in each apartment. That is why the temperature schedule of the heating system is drawn up.

A copy of the heating schedule can be requested from the Management Company. With it, you can control the quality of the services provided.

Heating system

It is often not necessary to make similar calculations for autonomous heating systems of a private house. If the scheme provides for indoor and outdoor temperature sensors, information about them will be sent to the boiler control unit.

Therefore, in order to reduce energy consumption, a low-temperature heating mode is most often chosen. It is characterized by relatively low water heating (up to +70°C) and a high degree of water circulation. This is necessary to evenly distribute heat to all heaters.

To implement such a temperature regime of the heating system, the following conditions must be met:

• Minimum heat loss in the house. However, one should not forget about normal air exchange - ventilation is a must;
• High heat output of radiators;
• Installation automatic regulators heating temperatures.

If there is a need to perform a correct calculation of the system operation, it is recommended to use special software systems. There are too many factors to consider for self-calculation. But with their help, you can draw up approximate temperature graphs for heating modes.

However, it should be borne in mind that an accurate calculation of the heat supply temperature schedule is done for each system individually. The tables show the recommended values ​​for the degree of heating of the coolant in the supply and return pipes, depending on the temperature outside. When performing calculations, the characteristics of the building, the climatic features of the region were not taken into account. But even so, they can be used as a basis for creating a temperature graph for a heating system.

The maximum load of the system should not affect the quality of the boiler. Therefore, it is recommended to purchase it with a power reserve of 15-20%.

Even the most accurate temperature chart of the heating boiler room will experience deviations of the calculated and actual data during operation. This is due to the peculiarities of the operation of the system. What factors can influence the current temperature regime of heat supply?

• Pollution of pipelines and radiators. To avoid this, periodic cleaning of the heating system should be carried out;
• Incorrect operation of control and shutoff valves. Be sure to check the performance of all components;
• Violation of the boiler operation mode - sudden temperature jumps as a result - pressure.

Maintaining the optimal temperature regime of the system is possible only when right choice its components. For this, their operational and technical properties should be taken into account.

Battery heating can be adjusted using a thermostat, the principle of operation of which can be found in the video:

The temperature graph represents the dependence of the degree of heating of water in the system on the temperature of cold outside air. After the necessary calculations, the result is presented in the form of two numbers. The first means the temperature of the water at the inlet to the heating system, and the second at the outlet.

For example, the entry 90-70ᵒС means that under given climatic conditions, for heating a certain building, it will be necessary that the coolant at the inlet to the pipes has a temperature of 90ᵒС, and at the outlet 70ᵒС.

All values ​​are presented for the outside air temperature for the coldest five-day period. This design temperature is taken according to the joint venture " Thermal protection buildings." According to the norms, the internal temperature for residential premises is 20ᵒС. The schedule will ensure the correct supply of coolant to the heating pipes. This will avoid hypothermia of the premises and waste of resources.

The need to perform constructions and calculations

The temperature schedule must be developed for each settlement. It allows you to provide the most competent work heating systems, namely:

1. Adjust the heat losses during the supply of hot water to houses with average daily temperature outside air.
2. Prevent insufficient heating of rooms.
3. Oblige thermal power plants to supply consumers with services that meet technological conditions.

Such calculations are necessary both for large heating stations and for boiler houses in small settlements. In this case, the result of calculations and constructions will be called the boiler house schedule.

Ways to control the temperature in the heating system

Upon completion of the calculations, it is necessary to achieve the calculated degree of heating of the coolant. You can achieve it in several ways:

• quantitative;
• quality;
• temporary.

In the first case, the flow rate of water entering the heating network, in the second, the degree of heating of the coolant is regulated. The temporary option involves a discrete supply of hot liquid to heating network.

For central system heat supply is most characteristic of high-quality, while the volume of water entering the heating circuit remains unchanged.

Graph types

Depending on the purpose of the heating network, the execution methods differ. The first option is the normal heating schedule. It is a construction for networks that work only for space heating and are centrally regulated.

The increased schedule is calculated for heating networks that provide heating and hot water supply. It is built for closed systems and shows the total load on the hot water supply system.

The adjusted schedule is also intended for networks operating both for heating and for heating. Here, heat losses are taken into account when the coolant passes through the pipes to the consumer.

Drawing up a temperature chart

The constructed straight line depends on the following values:

• normalized air temperature in the room;
• outdoor air temperature;
• the degree of heating of the coolant when it enters the heating system;
• the degree of heating of the coolant at the outlet of the building networks;
• the degree of heat transfer of heating devices;
• thermal conductivity of the outer walls and the overall heat loss of the building.

To perform a competent calculation, it is necessary to calculate the difference between the water temperatures in the direct and return pipes Δt. The higher the value in the straight pipe, the better the heat transfer of the heating system and the higher the indoor temperature.

In order to rationally and economically consume the coolant, it is necessary to achieve the minimum possible value of Δt. This can be achieved, for example, by working on additional insulation external structures of the house (walls, coverings, ceilings over a cold basement or technical underground).

Calculation of the heating mode

First of all, you need to get all the initial data. Standard values temperatures of outdoor and indoor air are taken according to the joint venture "Thermal protection of buildings". To find the power of heating devices and heat losses, you will need to use the following formulas.

Heat loss of the building

In this case, the input data will be:

• the thickness of the outer walls;
• thermal conductivity of the material from which the enclosing structures are made (in most cases it is indicated by the manufacturer, denoted by the letter λ);
• surface area of ​​the outer wall;
• climatic area of ​​construction.

First of all, the actual resistance of the wall to heat transfer is found. In a simplified version, you can find it as a quotient of the wall thickness and its thermal conductivity. If a outdoor structure consists of several layers, individually find the resistance of each of them and add the resulting values.

Thermal losses of walls are calculated by the formula:

Q = F*(1/R 0)*(t inside air -t outside air)

Here Q is the heat loss in kilocalories and F is the surface area of ​​the exterior walls. For more exact value it is necessary to take into account the area of ​​​​the glazing and its heat transfer coefficient.

Calculation of the surface power of batteries

Specific (surface) power is calculated as a quotient maximum power device in W and heat transfer surface area. The formula looks like this:

R beats \u003d R max / F act

Calculation of the coolant temperature

Based on the obtained values, the temperature regime of heating is selected and a direct heat transfer is built. On one axis, the values ​​​​of the degree of heating of the water supplied to the heating system are plotted, and on the other, the outside air temperature. All values ​​are taken in degrees Celsius. The results of the calculation are summarized in a table in which the nodal points of the pipeline are indicated.

It is rather difficult to carry out calculations according to the method. To perform a competent calculation, it is best to use special programs.

For each building, this calculation is carried out individually. management company. For an approximate definition of water at the inlet to the system, you can use the existing tables.

1. For large suppliers of thermal energy, coolant parameters are used 150-70ᵒС, 130-70ᵒС, 115-70ᵒС.
2. For small systems for several apartment buildings, the parameters apply 90-70ᵒС (up to 10 floors), 105-70ᵒС (over 10 floors). A schedule of 80-60ᵒС can also be adopted.
3. When arranging autonomous system heating for individual home it is enough to control the degree of heating with the help of sensors, you can not build a graph.

The measures taken make it possible to determine the parameters of the coolant in the system in certain moment time. By analyzing the coincidence of the parameters with the schedule, you can check the efficiency of the heating system. The temperature chart table also indicates the degree of load on the heating system.

The supply of heat to the room is associated with the simplest temperature graph. The temperature values ​​of the water supplied from the boiler room do not change indoors. They have standard values ​​and range from +70ºС to +95ºС. This temperature chart of the heating system is the most popular.

Adjusting the air temperature in the house

Not everywhere in the country centralized heating, so many residents install independent systems. Their temperature graph differs from the first option. In this case, the temperature indicators are significantly reduced. They depend on the efficiency of modern heating boilers.

If the temperature reaches +35ºС, the boiler will operate at maximum power. It depends on the heating element, where thermal energy can be taken in by exhaust gases. If the temperature values ​​are greater than + 70 ºС, then the boiler performance drops. In that case, in his technical specification 100% efficiency is indicated.

Temperature chart and calculation

How the graph will look depends on the outside temperature. The more negative outdoor temperature, the greater the heat loss. Many do not know where to take this indicator. This temperature is specified in the regulatory documents. The temperature of the coldest five-day period is taken as the calculated value, and the lowest value over the past 50 years is taken.

The graph shows the relationship between outside and inside temperatures. Let's say the outside temperature is -17ºС. Drawing a line up to the intersection with t2, we get a point characterizing the temperature of the water in the heating system.

Thanks to the temperature schedule, it is possible to prepare the heating system even under the most severe conditions. It also reduces the material costs of installing a heating system. If we consider this factor from the point of view of mass construction, the savings are significant.

inside premises depends from temperature coolant, a also others factors:

• Outside air temperature. The smaller it is, the more negatively it affects heating;
• Wind. When strong wind heat loss increases;
• The indoor temperature depends on the thermal insulation of the structural elements of the building.

Over the past 5 years, the principles of construction have changed. Builders increase the value of a home by insulating elements. As a rule, this applies to basements, roofs, foundations. These costly measures subsequently allow residents to save on the heating system.

The graph shows the dependence of the temperature of the outdoor and indoor air. The lower the outdoor temperature, the higher the temperature of the heating medium in the system.

The temperature schedule is developed for each city during heating period. In small settlements, a temperature chart of the boiler house is drawn up, which provides required amount coolant to the consumer.

Change temperature schedule can several ways:

• quantitative - characterized by a change in the flow rate of the coolant supplied to the heating system;
• high-quality - consists in regulating the temperature of the coolant before being supplied to the premises;
• temporary - a discrete method of supplying water to the system.

The temperature graph is a graph of heating pipelines that distributes heating load and regulated by centralized systems. There is also increased schedule, it is created for closed system heating, that is, to ensure the supply of hot coolant to the connected objects. When applied open system it is necessary to adjust the temperature graph, since the coolant is consumed not only for heating, but also for domestic water consumption.

The calculation of the temperature graph is made according to simple method. Hto build it needed initial temperature air data:

• outdoor;
• in room;
• in the supply and return pipelines;
• at the exit of the building.

In addition, you should know the nominal heat load. All other coefficients are normalized by reference documentation. The calculation of the system is made for any temperature graph, depending on the purpose of the room. For example, for large industrial and civil facilities, a schedule of 150/70, 130/70, 115/70 is drawn up. For residential buildings, this figure is 105/70 and 95/70. The first indicator shows the temperature on the supply, and the second - on the return. The calculation results are entered in a special table, which shows the temperature at certain points of the heating system, depending on the outside air temperature.

The main factor in calculating the temperature graph is the outside air temperature. The calculation table should be drawn up so that the maximum values ​​​​of the temperature of the coolant in the heating system (schedule 95/70) provide heating of the room. The room temperatures are provided normative documents.

heating appliances

The main indicator is the temperature of the heating devices. The ideal temperature curve for heating is 90/70ºС. It is impossible to achieve such an indicator, since the temperature inside the room should not be the same. It is determined depending on the purpose of the room.

In accordance with the standards, the temperature in the corner living room is +20ºС, in the rest - +18ºС; in the bathroom - + 25ºС. If the outside air temperature is -30ºС, then the indicators increase by 2ºС.

Except Togo, exist norms for others types premises:

• in rooms where children are located - + 18ºС to + 23ºС;
• children's educational institutions - + 21ºС;
• in cultural institutions with mass attendance - +16ºС to +21ºС.

This area of ​​temperature values ​​is compiled for all types of premises. It depends on the movements performed inside the room: the more of them, the lower the air temperature. For example, in sports facilities people move a lot, so the temperature is only +18ºС.

Exist certain factors, from which depends temperature heating appliances:

• Outside air temperature;
• Type of heating system and temperature difference: for single pipe system- + 105ºС, and for a single-pipe - + 95ºС. Accordingly, the differences in for the first region are 105/70ºС, and for the second - 95/70ºС;
• The direction of the coolant supply to the heating devices. At the top supply, the difference should be 2 ºС, at the bottom - 3ºС;
• Type of heating devices: heat transfers are different, so the temperature graph will be different.

First of all, the temperature of the coolant depends on the outside air. For example, the outside temperature is 0°C. At the same time, the temperature regime in the radiators should be equal to 40-45ºС on the supply, and 38ºС on the return. When the air temperature is below zero, for example, -20ºС, these indicators change. In this case, the flow temperature becomes 77/55ºC. If the temperature indicator reaches -40ºС, then the indicators become standard, that is, at the supply + 95/105ºС, and at the return - + 70ºС.

Additional options

In order for a certain temperature of the coolant to reach the consumer, it is necessary to monitor the state of the outside air. For example, if it is -40ºС, the boiler room should supply hot water with an indicator of + 130ºС. Along the way, the coolant loses heat, but still the temperature remains high when it enters the apartments. Optimal value+95ºС. To do this, they mount in the basements elevator unit, which serves to mix hot water from the boiler room and coolant from the return pipeline.

Several institutions are responsible for the heating main. The boiler house monitors the supply of hot coolant to the heating system, and the state of the pipelines is monitored by the city heating networks. Behind elevator element is responsible for the JEC. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of supplying coolant to new house, you need to contact different offices.

Installation of heating devices is carried out in accordance with regulatory documents. If the owner himself replaces the battery, then he is responsible for the functioning of the heating system and changing the temperature regime.

Adjustment methods

If the boiler room is responsible for the parameters of the coolant leaving the warm point, then the employees of the housing office should be responsible for the temperature inside the room. Many tenants complain about the cold in the apartments. This is due to the deviation of the temperature graph. In rare cases, it happens that the temperature rises by a certain value.

Heating parameters can be adjusted in three ways:

• Nozzle reaming.

If the temperature of the coolant at the supply and return is significantly underestimated, then it is necessary to increase the diameter of the elevator nozzle. Thus, more liquid will pass through it.

How to do it? Overlapping to start shut-off valves(house valves and cranes at the elevator unit). Next, the elevator and nozzle are removed. Then it is drilled out by 0.5-2 mm, depending on how much it is necessary to increase the temperature of the coolant. After these procedures, the elevator is mounted in its original place and put into operation.

To ensure sufficient tightness of the flange connection, it is necessary to replace the paronite gaskets with rubber ones.

• Suction dampening.

At extreme cold when there is a problem of freezing of the heating system in the apartment, the nozzle can be completely removed. In this case, the suction can become a jumper. To do this, it is necessary to muffle it with a steel pancake, 1 mm thick. Such a process is carried out only in critical situations, since the temperature in pipelines and heaters will reach 130ºС.

• Drop adjustment.

In the middle of the heating period, a significant increase in temperature can occur. Therefore, it is necessary to regulate it using a special valve on the elevator. To do this, the supply of hot coolant is switched to the supply pipeline. A manometer is mounted on the return. Adjustment occurs by closing the valve on the supply pipeline. Next, the valve opens slightly, and the pressure should be monitored using a pressure gauge. If you just open it, then there will be a drawdown of the cheeks. That is, an increase in the pressure drop occurs in the return pipeline. Every day, the indicator increases by 0.2 atmosphere, and the temperature in the heating system must be constantly monitored.

Heat supply. Video

How the heat supply of private and apartment buildings is arranged can be found in the video below.

When drawing up a temperature schedule for heating, it is necessary to take into account various factors. This list includes not only structural elements building, but the outside temperature, as well as the type of heating system.

In contact with

Today, the most common heating systems in the Federation are those operating on water. The temperature of the water in the batteries directly depends on the indicators of the air temperature outside, that is, on the street, in a certain period of time. A corresponding schedule has also been legally approved, according to which responsible specialists calculate temperatures, taking into account local weather and a source of heat supply.

The graphs of the coolant temperature depending on the outside temperature are developed taking into account the support of the mandatory temperature conditions in the room, those that are considered optimal and comfortable for the average person.

The colder it is outside, the higher the level of heat loss. For this reason, it is important to know which indicators are applicable when calculating the desired indicators. You don't need to calculate anything yourself. All figures are approved by the relevant regulatory documents. They are based on the average temperatures of the five coldest days of the year. The period of the last fifty years is also taken, with the selection of the eight coldest winters for a given time.

Thanks to such calculations, it is possible to prepare for low temperatures winter, occurring at least once every few years. In turn, this allows you to significantly save when creating a heating system.

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Additional influencing factors

At the same temperatures of the coolant direct influence They also have such equally significant factors as:

• Lowering the temperature on the street, which entails a similar indoor;
• Wind speed - the higher it is, the more heat loss through front door, window;
• Tightness of walls and joints (installation plastic windows and insulation of facades significantly affects the preservation of heat).

AT recent times there have been some changes in building codes. For this reason construction companies often carry out thermal insulation work not only on the facades of apartment buildings, but also in basements, foundation, roof, roofing. Accordingly, the cost of such construction projects increases. At the same time, it is important to know that the costs of insulation are very significant, but on the other hand, this is a guarantee of heat savings and reduced heating costs.

For their part, construction companies understand that the costs incurred by them for the insulation of objects will be fully and soon paid off. It also benefits owners as communal payments are very high, and if you pay, then really for the received and stored heat, and not for its loss due to insufficient insulation of the premises.

Temperature in the radiator

However, no matter what the weather conditions are outside and how insulated it is, the most important role is still played by the heat transfer of the radiator. Typically, in central heating systems, temperatures range from 70 to 90 degrees. However, it is important to take into account the fact that this criterion is not the only one in order to have the desired temperature regime, especially in residential premises, where in each private room temperatures should not be the same, depending on the intended purpose.

So, for example, in corner rooms should not be less than 20 degrees, while in others 18 degrees are allowed. In addition, if the temperature outside drops to -30, the established norms for rooms should be two degrees higher.

Those rooms that are intended for children should have a temperature limit of 18 to 23 degrees, depending on what they are intended for. So in the pool it cannot be less than 30 degrees, and on the veranda it must be at least 12 degrees.

Talking about school educational institution, there should not be below 21 degrees, and in the boarding school bedroom - at least 16 degrees. For a cultural mass institution, the norm is from 16 degrees to 21, and for a library - no more than 18 degrees.

What affects battery temperature?

In addition to the heat transfer of the coolant and the temperatures outside, the heat in the room also depends on the activity of people inside. The more movements a person makes, the lower the temperature can be and vice versa. This must also be taken into account when distributing heat. As an example, you can take any sports institution where people are a priori in active movement. It is not appropriate to maintain high temperatures because it will cause discomfort. Accordingly, an indicator of 18 degrees is optimal.

It can be noted that on thermal performance batteries inside any premises are affected not only by the outside air temperature and wind speed, but also by:

Approved schedules

Since the temperature outside has a direct impact on the heat inside the premises, a special temperature chart has been approved.

What is also important to know?

Thanks to tabular data, it is not difficult to find out about the temperature indicators of water in systems central heating. The required part of the coolant is measured with an ordinary thermometer at the moment when the system is lowered. Identified inconsistencies in actual temperatures established standards is the basis for the recalculation of utility bills. General house meters for accounting for heat energy have become very relevant today.

The responsibility for the temperature of the water that is heated in the heating main lies with the local CHP or boiler house. Transportation of heat carriers and minimal losses are assigned to the organization serving the heating network. Serves and adjusts the elevator unit of the housing department or the management company.

It is important to know that the diameter of the elevator nozzle itself must be coordinated with the public heating network. All questions regarding low room temperature must be resolved with the governing body apartment building or other immovable object in question. The duty of these bodies is to provide citizens with minimum sanitary standards temperatures.

Norms in living quarters

In order to understand when it is really relevant to apply for recalculation of payment for a utility service and require the adoption of any measures to provide heat, it is necessary to know the norms of heat in residential premises. These norms are fully regulated by Russian legislation.

So in the warm season, living quarters are not heated and the norms for them are 22-25 degrees Celsius. In cold weather, the following indicators apply:

However, do not forget about common sense. For example, bedrooms must be ventilated, they should not be too hot, but it cannot be cold either. Temperature regime in the children's room should be adjusted according to the age of the child. For babies, this is the upper limit. As they grow older, the bar decreases to the lower limits.

The heat in the bathroom also depends on the humidity of the room. If the room is poorly ventilated, there is a high water content in the air, and this creates a feeling of dampness and may not be safe for the health of residents.

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