The composition of the equipment, etc. Individual heating point for an apartment building

When it comes to the rational use of thermal energy, everyone immediately recalls the crisis and the incredible bills for "fat" provoked by it. In new houses, where engineering solutions, allowing you to regulate the consumption of thermal energy in each individual apartment, you can find best option heating or hot water supply (DHW), which will suit the tenant. For old buildings, the situation is much more complicated. Individual heating points become the only reasonable solution to the problem of saving heat for their inhabitants.

Definition of ITP - individual heating point

According to the textbook definition, an ITP is nothing more than a heating point designed to serve the whole building or its individual parts. This dry formulation needs some explanation.

The functions of an individual heating point are to redistribute the energy coming from the network (central heating point or boiler room) between ventilation, hot water and heating systems, in accordance with the needs of the building. This takes into account the specifics of the premises served. Residential, warehouse, basement and other types of them, of course, should also differ in temperature regime and ventilation settings.

Installation of ITP implies the presence of a separate room. Most often, the equipment is mounted in the basement or technical rooms high-rise buildings, extensions to apartment buildings or in detached buildings located in close proximity.

Modernization of the building by installing ITP requires significant financial costs. Despite this, the relevance of its implementation is dictated by the advantages that promise undoubted benefits, namely:

• coolant consumption and its parameters are subject to accounting and operational control;
• distribution of the coolant throughout the system depending on the conditions of heat consumption;
• regulation of the coolant flow, in accordance with the requirements that have arisen;
• the possibility of changing the type of coolant;
• increased level of safety in case of accidents and others.

Possibility to influence the process of coolant flow and its energy indicators attractive in itself, not to mention savings from rational use thermal resources. The one-time costs of ITP equipment will more than pay off in a very modest period of time.

The structure of an ITP depends on which consumption systems it serves. In general, it can be equipped with systems for providing heating, hot water supply, heating and hot water supply, as well as heating, hot water supply and ventilation. Therefore, the ITP must include the following devices:

1. heat exchangers for the transfer of thermal energy;
2. valves of locking and regulating action;
3. instruments for monitoring and measuring parameters;
4. pump equipment;
5. control panels and controllers.

Here are only the devices that are present on all ITPs, although each specific option may have additional nodes. The source of cold water supply is usually located in the same room, for example.

The scheme of the heating substation is built using a plate heat exchanger and is completely independent. To maintain the pressure at the required level, a dual pump is installed. There is a simple way to "re-equip" the circuit with a hot water supply system and other nodes and units, including metering devices.

The operation of the ITP for hot water supply implies the inclusion in the scheme of plate heat exchangers that operate only on the load on the hot water supply. Pressure drops in this case are compensated by a group of pumps.

In the case of organizing systems for heating and hot water supply, the above schemes are combined. Plate heat exchangers for heating work together with a two-stage DHW circuit, and the heating system is replenished from the return pipeline of the heating network by means of appropriate pumps. The cold water supply network is the feeding source for the DHW system.

If it is necessary to connect a ventilation system to the ITP, then it is equipped with another plate heat exchanger connected to it. Heating and hot water continue to work according to the previously described principle, and the ventilation circuit is connected in the same way as a heating circuit with the addition of the necessary instrumentation.

Individual heating point. Principle of operation

The central heat point, which is the source of the heat carrier, supplies hot water to the inlet of the individual heat point through the pipeline. Moreover, this liquid in no way enters any of the building systems. Both for heating and for heating water in the DHW system, as well as for ventilation, only the temperature of the supplied coolant is used. Energy is transferred to the systems in plate-type heat exchangers.

The temperature is transferred by the main coolant to the water taken from the cold water supply system. So, the cycle of movement of the coolant begins in the heat exchanger, passes through the path of the corresponding system, giving off heat, and returns through the return main water supply for further use to the enterprise providing heat supply (boiler room). The part of the cycle that provides for the release of heat heats the dwellings and makes the water in the taps hot.

Cold water enters the heaters from the cold water supply system. For this, a system of pumps is used to maintain the required level of pressure in the systems. Pumps and additional devices are necessary to reduce or increase the water pressure from the supply line to an acceptable level, as well as its stabilization in the building systems.

Benefits of using ITP

The four-pipe heat supply system from the central heating point, which was previously used quite often, has a lot of disadvantages that are absent from the ITP. In addition, the latter has a number of very significant advantages over its competitor, namely:

• efficiency due to a significant (up to 30%) reduction in heat consumption;
• the availability of devices simplifies the control of both the flow of the coolant and the quantitative indicators of thermal energy;
• the possibility of flexible and prompt influence on heat consumption by optimizing the mode of its consumption, depending on the weather, for example;
• ease of installation and rather modest overall dimensions of the device, allowing it to be placed in small rooms;
• reliability and stability of the ITP, as well as a beneficial effect on the same characteristics of the serviced systems.

This list can be continued indefinitely. It reflects only the main, lying on the surface, the benefits obtained by using ITP. It can be added, for example, the ability to automate the management of ITP. In this case, its economic and operational performance becomes even more attractive to the consumer.

Most significant disadvantage ITP, except for transport costs and the cost of loading and unloading activities, is the need to settle all sorts of formalities. Obtaining appropriate permits and approvals can be attributed to very serious tasks.

In fact, only a specialized organization can solve such problems.

Stages of installation of a heat point

It is clear that one decision, albeit a collective one, based on the opinion of all the residents of the house, is not enough. Briefly, the procedure for equipping the object, apartment building, for example, can be described as follows:

1. in fact, a positive decision of the residents;
2. application to the heat supply organization for the development of technical specifications;
3. obtaining technical specifications;
4. pre-project survey of the object, to determine the condition and composition of the existing equipment;
5. development of the project with its subsequent approval;
6. conclusion of an agreement;
7. project implementation and commissioning tests.

The algorithm may seem, at first glance, rather complicated. In fact, all the work from decision to commissioning can be done in less than two months. All worries should be placed on the shoulders of a responsible company that specializes in providing this kind of service and has a positive reputation. Thankfully, there are plenty of them now. It remains only to wait for the result.

BTP - Block heating point - 1var. - this is a compact thermomechanical installation of complete factory readiness, located (placed) in a block container, which is an all-metal load-bearing frame with sandwich panels.

ITP in a block container is used to connect heating, ventilation, hot water supply systems and technological heat-using installations of the whole building or part of it.

BTP - Block heating point - 2 var. It is manufactured in the factory and supplied for installation in the form of ready-made blocks. It may consist of one or more blocks. The equipment of the blocks is mounted very compactly, as a rule, on one frame. Usually used when you need to save space, in cramped conditions. By the nature and number of connected consumers, the BTP can refer to both ITP and CHP. Supply of ITP equipment according to the specification - heat exchangers, pumps, automation, shut-off and control valves, pipelines, etc. - Supplied in separate items.

BTP is a product of full factory readiness, which makes it possible to connect objects under reconstruction or newly built to heating networks in the most short time. The compactness of the BTP helps to minimize the equipment placement area. An individual approach to the design and installation of block individual heat points allows us to take into account all the wishes of the client and translate them into a finished product. warranty for the BTP and all equipment from one manufacturer, one service partner for the entire BTP. ease of installation of the BTP at the installation site. Production and testing of BTP in the factory - quality. It is also worth noting that in case of mass, quarterly construction or volumetric reconstruction of heating points, the use of BTP is preferable compared to ITP. Since in this case it is necessary to mount a significant number of heating points in a short period of time. Such large-scale projects can be implemented in the shortest possible time using only standard factory-ready BTPs.

ITP (assembly) - the possibility of installing a heat point in cramped conditions, there is no need to transport the heat point as an assembly. Carriage only individual components. The equipment delivery time is much shorter than BTP. Cost is lower. -BTP - the need to transport the BTP to the place of installation (transportation costs), the dimensions of the openings for carrying the BTP impose restrictions on the overall dimensions of the BTP. Delivery time from 4 weeks. Price.

ITP - a guarantee for various components of a heating point from different manufacturers; several different service partners for various equipment included in the heating substation; higher cost installation work, terms installation work, T. e. when installing the ITP are taken into account individual characteristics specific premises and "creative" solutions of a specific contractor, which, on the one hand, simplifies the organization of the process, and on the other hand, can reduce the quality. After all, a weld, a bend in a pipeline, etc., is much more difficult to perform qualitatively in a “place” than in a factory setting.

S. Deineko

An individual heating point is the most important component of the heat supply systems of buildings. The regulation of heating and hot water systems, as well as the efficiency of using thermal energy, largely depends on its characteristics. Therefore, heat points are given great attention in the course of thermal modernization of buildings, large-scale projects of which are planned to be implemented in the near future in different regions Ukraine

An individual heat point (ITP) is a set of devices located in a separate room (usually in basement), consisting of elements that ensure the connection of the heating and hot water supply system to the centralized heating network. The supply pipeline supplies the heat carrier to the building. With the help of the second return pipeline, the already cooled coolant from the system enters the boiler room.

The temperature schedule for the operation of the heating network determines the mode in which the heating point will operate in the future and what equipment must be installed in it. There are several temperature schedules for the operation of a heating network:

• 150/70°C;
• 130/70°C;
• 110/70°C;
• 95 (90)/70°C.

If the temperature of the coolant does not exceed 95 ° C, then it remains only to distribute it throughout the entire heating system. In this case, it is possible to use only a manifold with balancing valves for hydraulic balancing of circulation rings. If the temperature of the coolant exceeds 95 ° C, then such a coolant cannot be directly used in the heating system without its temperature regulation. This is precisely the important function of the heat point. At the same time, it is necessary that the temperature of the coolant in the heating system varies depending on the change in the outside air temperature.

In the heat points of the old sample (Fig. 1, 2), an elevator unit was used as a control device. This made it possible to significantly reduce the cost of the equipment, however, with the help of such a thermal converter, it was impossible to accurately control the temperature of the coolant, especially during transient operating modes of the system. The elevator unit provided only "high-quality" adjustment of the coolant, when the temperature in the heating system changes depending on the temperature of the coolant coming from the centralized heating network. This led to the fact that the “adjustment” of the air temperature in the premises was carried out by consumers using open window and with huge heat costs going nowhere.

Rice. one.
1 - supply pipeline; 2 - return pipeline; 3 - valves; 4 - water meter; 5 - mud collectors; 6 - manometers; 7 - thermometers; 8 - elevator; 9 - heaters of the heating system

Therefore, the minimum initial investment resulted in financial losses in the long run. Particularly low efficiency of the elevator units was manifested with an increase in prices for thermal energy, as well as with the inability of the centralized heating network to operate according to the temperature or hydraulic schedule, for which the previously installed elevator units were designed.

Rice. 2. Elevator node of the "Soviet" era

The principle of operation of the elevator is to mix the heat carrier from the centralized heating network and water from the return pipeline of the heating system to a temperature corresponding to the standard for this system. This happens due to the principle of ejection when a nozzle of a certain diameter is used in the design of the elevator (Fig. 3). After elevator node the mixed heat carrier is fed into the heating system of the building. The elevator simultaneously combines two devices: a circulation pump and a mixing device. The efficiency of mixing and circulation in the heating system is not affected by fluctuations in the thermal regime in heating networks. All adjustments are correct selection nozzle diameter and ensure required coefficient mixing (normative coefficient 2.2). For the operation of the elevator unit, there is no need to supply electric current.

Rice. 3. circuit diagram elevator assembly designs

However, there are numerous disadvantages that negate all the simplicity and unpretentiousness of the maintenance of this device. Fluctuations in the hydraulic regime in heating networks directly affect the efficiency of work. So, for normal mixing, the pressure drop in the supply and return pipelines must be maintained within 0.8 - 2 bar; the temperature at the outlet of the elevator cannot be adjusted and directly depends only on the change in the temperature of the heating network. In this case, if the temperature of the heat carrier coming from the boiler room does not correspond to the temperature schedule, then the temperature at the outlet of the elevator will be lower than necessary, which will directly affect the internal air temperature in the building.

Such devices are widely used in many types of buildings connected to a centralized heating network. However, at present they do not meet the requirements for energy saving, and therefore they must be replaced with modern individual heat points. Their cost is much higher and power supply is required for operation. But, at the same time, these devices are more economical - they can reduce energy consumption by 30 - 50%, which, taking into account the increase in prices for the coolant, will reduce the payback period to 5 - 7 years, and the service life of the ITP directly depends on the quality of the control elements used, materials and the level of training of technical personnel during its maintenance.

Modern ITP

Energy saving is achieved, in particular, by controlling the temperature of the heat carrier, taking into account the correction for changes in the outside air temperature. For these purposes, each heating point uses a set of equipment (Fig. 4) to ensure the necessary circulation in the heating system (circulation pumps) and control the temperature of the coolant (control valves with electric drives, controllers with temperature sensors).

Rice. 4. Schematic diagram of an individual heating point and the use of a controller, a control valve and a circulation pump

Most heating points also include a heat exchanger for connection to internal system hot water supply (DHW) with a circulation pump. The set of equipment depends on specific tasks and initial data. That is why, due to the various possible design options, as well as their compactness and portability, modern ITPs are called modular (Fig. 5).

Rice. 5. Modern modular individual heating point assembly

Consider the use of ITP in dependent and independent schemes for connecting a heating system to a centralized heating network.

In ITP with dependent connection of the heating system to external heat networks, the circulation of the coolant in the heating circuit is maintained by a circulation pump. The pump is controlled automatically from the controller or from the corresponding control unit. Automatic maintenance of the required temperature graph in the heating circuit is also carried out by an electronic controller. The controller acts on the control valve located on the supply pipeline on the side of the external heating network ("hot water"). A mixing jumper with a check valve is installed between the supply and return pipelines, due to which the mixture is mixed into the supply pipeline from the coolant return line, with lower temperature parameters (Fig. 6).

Rice. 6. Schematic diagram of a modular heating unit connected according to a dependent scheme:
1 - controller; 2 - two-way control valve with electric drive; 3 - coolant temperature sensors; 4 - outdoor air temperature sensor; 5 - pressure switch to protect pumps from dry running; 6 - filters; 7 - valves; 8 - thermometers; 9 - manometers; 10 - circulation pumps of the heating system; 11 - check valve; 12 - control unit circulation pumps

In this scheme, the operation of the heating system depends on the pressures in the central heating network. Therefore, in many cases, it will be necessary to install differential pressure regulators, and, if necessary, pressure regulators “downstream” or “downstream” on the supply or return pipelines.

In an independent system to join external source heat exchanger is used (Fig. 7). The circulation of the coolant in the heating system is carried out by a circulation pump. The pump is controlled automatically by the controller or the appropriate control unit. Automatic maintenance of the required temperature graph in the heated circuit is also carried out by an electronic controller. The controller acts on adjustable valve, located on the supply pipeline on the side of the external heating network ("hot water").

Rice. 7. Schematic diagram of a modular heating unit connected according to an independent scheme:
1 - controller; 2 - two-way control valve with electric drive; 3 - coolant temperature sensors; 4 - outdoor air temperature sensor; 5 - pressure switch to protect pumps from dry running; 6 - filters; 7 - valves; 8 - thermometers; 9 - manometers; 10 - circulation pumps of the heating system; 11 - check valve; 12 - control unit for circulation pumps; 13 - heating system heat exchanger

The advantage of this scheme is that the heating circuit is independent of the hydraulic modes of the centralized heating network. Also, the heating system does not suffer from a mismatch in the quality of the incoming coolant coming from the central heating network (the presence of corrosion products, dirt, sand, etc.), as well as pressure drops in it. At the same time, the cost of capital investments when using an independent scheme is higher - due to the need for installation and subsequent maintenance of the heat exchanger.

As a rule, in modern systems collapsible plate heat exchangers(Fig. 8), which are quite easy to maintain and maintain: in case of loss of tightness or failure of one section, the heat exchanger can be disassembled and the section replaced. Also, if necessary, you can increase the power by increasing the number of heat exchanger plates. In addition, in independent systems, brazed non-separable heat exchangers are used.

Rice. 8. Heat exchangers for independent ITP connection systems

According to DBN V.2.5-39:2008 “Engineering equipment of buildings and structures. External networks and facilities. Heating network”, in general, it is prescribed to connect heating systems according to a dependent scheme. independent schema prescribed for residential buildings with 12 or more floors and other consumers, if required hydraulic mode operation of the system or the technical specifications of the customer.

DHW from a heating point

The simplest and most common is the scheme with a single-stage parallel connection of hot water heaters (Fig. 9). They are connected to the same heating network as the building heating systems. Water, from outside water supply network supplied to the DHW heater. In it, it is heated by network water coming from the supply pipeline of the heating network.

Rice. 9. Scheme with dependent connection of the heating system to the heating network and one-stage parallel connection of the DHW heat exchanger

Cooled network water is supplied to the return pipeline of the heating network. After the hot water heater, the heated tap water supplied to the DHW system. If the devices in this system are closed (for example, at night), then hot water through the circulation pipeline is again supplied to the DHW heater.

This scheme with one-stage parallel connection of hot water heaters is recommended if the ratio maximum flow heat consumption for hot water supply of buildings to the maximum heat consumption for heating buildings less than 0.2 or more than 1.0. The circuit is used with a normal temperature graph network water in thermal networks.

In addition, a two-stage water heating system is used in the DHW system. In her in winter period cold tap water is first heated in the first stage heat exchanger (from 5 to 30 ˚С) with a heat carrier from the return pipeline of the heating system, and then, for the final heating of the water to the required temperature (60 ˚С), network water from the supply pipeline of the heating network is used (Fig. 10 ). The idea is to use waste heat energy from the return line from the heating system for heating. At the same time, the consumption of network water for heating water in the DHW system is reduced. AT summer period heating occurs in a single-stage scheme.

Rice. 10. Scheme of a heat point with dependent connection of the heating system to the heat network and two-stage water heating

equipment requirements

The most important characteristic of a modern heating point is the presence of heat energy metering devices, which in without fail provided by DBN V.2.5-39:2008 “Engineering equipment of buildings and structures. External networks and facilities. Heating network".

According to section 16 of these standards, equipment, fittings, control, management and automation devices should be placed in the heating point, with the help of which they carry out:

• temperature control of the coolant according to weather conditions;
• change and control of coolant parameters;
• accounting for thermal loads, coolant and condensate costs;
• regulation of coolant costs;
• protection of the local system from an emergency increase in the parameters of the coolant;
• post-treatment of the coolant;
• filling and replenishing heating systems;
• combined heat supply using thermal energy from alternative sources.

Connecting consumers to the heating network should be carried out according to schemes with minimal cost water, as well as saving thermal energy due to the installation of automatic regulators heat flow and limiting network water costs. It is not allowed to connect the heating system to the heating network through the elevator together with automatic regulator heat flow.

It is prescribed to use highly efficient heat exchangers with high thermal and technical operational characteristics and small dimensions. At the highest points of the pipelines of heat points, air vents should be installed, and it is recommended to use automatic devices with check valves. At lower points, fittings with stopcocks for draining water and condensate.

At the input to the heating point on the supply pipeline, a sump should be installed, and strainers should be installed in front of pumps, heat exchangers, control valves and water meters. In addition, the mud filter must be installed on the return line in front of control devices and metering devices. Manometers should be provided on both sides of the filters.

To protect the DHW channels from scale, it is prescribed by the standards to use magnetic and ultrasonic water treatment devices. Forced ventilation, which needs to be equipped with an ITP, is calculated for a short-term action and should provide a 10-fold exchange with an unorganized influx of fresh air through the entrance doors.

In order to avoid exceeding the noise level, the IHS is not allowed to be located next to, under or above the premises residential apartments, bedrooms and playrooms of kindergartens, etc. In addition, it is regulated that the installed pumps must be with an acceptable low noise level.

The heating point should be equipped with automation equipment, heat engineering control, accounting and regulation devices, which are installed on site or at the control panel.

ITP automation should provide:

• regulation of the cost of thermal energy in the heating system and limiting the maximum consumption of network water at the consumer;
• the set temperature in the DHW system;
• maintaining static pressure in the systems of heat consumers with their independent connection;
• the specified pressure in the return pipeline or the required water pressure drop in the supply and return pipelines of heating networks;
• protection of heat consumption systems from high pressure and temperature;
• switching on the backup pump when the main working one is turned off, etc.

In addition, modern projects provide for the arrangement of remote access to the management of heating points. This allows you to organize centralized system dispatching and control the operation of heating and hot water systems. Suppliers of equipment for ITP are leading manufacturers of the corresponding heating equipment, for example: automation systems - Honeywell (USA), Siemens (Germany), Danfoss (Denmark); pumps - Grundfos (Denmark), Wilo (Germany); heat exchangers - Alfa Laval (Sweden), Gea (Germany), etc.

It should also be noted that modern ITPs include rather complex equipment that requires periodic maintenance and after-sales service, which consists, for example, in washing the mesh filters (at least 4 times a year), cleaning the heat exchangers (at least 1 time in 5 years), etc. In the absence of proper Maintenance the equipment of the heating point may become unusable or fail. Unfortunately, there are already examples of this in Ukraine.

At the same time, there are pitfalls in the design of all ITP equipment. The fact is that under domestic conditions, the temperature in the supply pipeline centralized network often does not correspond to the standard, which is indicated by the heat supply organization in specifications issued for design.

At the same time, the difference in official and real data can be quite significant (for example, in reality, a coolant is supplied with a temperature of no more than 100˚С instead of the indicated 150˚С, or there is an uneven temperature of the coolant from the side of the central heating by time of day), which, accordingly, affects on the choice of equipment, its subsequent performance and, as a result, on its cost. For this reason, it is recommended during the reconstruction of the IHS at the design stage to measure the actual parameters of heat supply at the facility and take them into account in the future when calculating and choosing equipment. At the same time, due to a possible discrepancy between the parameters, the equipment should be designed with a margin of 5-20%.

Implementation in practice

The first modern energy-efficient modular ITPs in Ukraine were installed in Kyiv in 2001-2005. within the framework of the World Bank project "Energy saving in administrative and public buildings". A total of 1173 ITPs were installed. To date, due to previously unresolved issues of periodic qualified maintenance, about 200 of them have become unusable or require repair.

Video. Completed project using an individual heating point in an apartment building, saving up to 30% of heat energy

Modernization of previously installed heat points with the organization of remote access to them is one of the points of the program "Thermosanation in budgetary institutions of Kyiv" with the involvement of loans from the Northern Environmental Finance Corporation (NEFCO) and grants from the Eastern Partnership Fund for Energy Efficiency and Environment (E5P ).

In addition, last year the World Bank announced the launch of a large-scale six-year project aimed at improving the energy efficiency of heat supply in 10 cities of Ukraine. The project budget is 382 million US dollars. They will be directed, in particular, to the installation of modular ITP. It is also planned to repair boiler houses, replace pipelines and install heat meters. It is planned that the project will help to reduce costs, improve the reliability of service and improve the overall quality of heat supplied to more than 3 million Ukrainians.

Modernization of the heating point is one of the conditions for improving the energy efficiency of the building as a whole. Currently, a number of Ukrainian banks are engaged in lending for the implementation of these projects, including within the framework of government programs. You can read more about this in the previous issue of our magazine in the article "Thermomodernization: what exactly and for what means".

More important articles and news in the Telegram channel AW-therm. Subscribe!

The abbreviation ITP, in the terminology of heat engineers, means an individual heat point for civil and industrial buildings. Each such building can have several ITPs, and an additional one node for accounting for the coolant flow.

Thermal points have a specific purpose, ensuring the distribution of the heat flow (coolant) from the central or local heating network to the end consumer. The latter can be: the entrance of the house or the residential section, the zone of the industrial building. ITP is configured in accordance with the requirements for consumers, and provides an automatic control mode for a complex of heating, ventilation and hot water supply (DHW) systems.

The principle of operation of an individual heat point

In the general case, the mechanism of ITP operation can be represented as a multi-link system in which the heat carrier supplied from the heating network is converted in accordance with the parameters required by consumers. At the same time, it represents a complex principle of operation under the control of the controller, mechanical, hydraulic and other processes of the distribution of the coolant.

Each ITP has its own scheme, which is based on consumers and sources of coolant. The most common scheme involves a closed DHW system and universal principle heating system connections. In more detail, the principle of operation of the ITP is represented by a reusable number of cycles of supply and return of the coolant.

Initially, through the heat input pipeline, the ITP receives a coolant, which is then distributed between the hot water supply, heating and ventilation systems of consumers. Then, it enters the output pipeline and is sent to the heat generation source (CHP or boiler house), where a new supply cycle begins.

In the process of distribution, losses of the coolant are inevitable, since consumers partially take it upon themselves. Given this fact, the primary source uses its own sources of replenishment with coolant from water treatment systems.

The principle of operation of hot water supply is similar to the general one, but has its own specifics. So, initially, through the pumps cold water systems, cold water enters the heating point, then is subject to distribution. Part of the water goes to consumers, and the other part enters the hot water supply system, which, in turn, also represents closed loop. DHW system has several levels of readiness. Part of the water from the pumps enters the heater of the first stage (first level) and only then into the closed circuit of the local DHW network.

Being under continuous pressure from the DHW pumps, water circulates from the IHS to the final consumers, who take it as needed. There is also a heat loss factor here, for which the second level is provided (second stage heater). With its help, maintain the desired temperature of hot water.

According to the same scheme, the movement of the coolant in the ITP heating system is carried out. Under the influence of the heating circuit pumps, it circulates in it. Here, the problem of heat loss is solved by supplying from the primary heating network of the ITP.

Separate mention should be made of metering devices, since they play an important role in work of ITP. They are represented by a modular set of devices that cut into pipelines and create conditions for the rational consumption of thermal resources.

Thus, having analyzed the system of functioning of several local systems ITP, and their interaction with the primary source of heat carrier production, we get an idea of ​​​​the complex process of supplying heat to our homes.

As standard, the scheme of an individual heating point consists of two modules - a heating system and a hot water supply system. Having received the heat carrier from the centralized heat supply system, the ITP sets the necessary thermal parameters in the heating system of the building, and also prepares and supplies hot water to the premises.

The source of heat for ITP are heat generating enterprises (boiler houses, combined heat and power plants). ITP is connected to sources and consumers of heat through heating networks. Water supply networks serve as a source of water for cold and hot water supply systems.

A modern block individual heat point is a tool with which consumers can ensure a stable and economical heat supply to buildings. By "configuring" the equipment to suit their preferences, homeowners can achieve the level of thermal comfort they need.

IMPORTANT! The load on the power grid of the building after installation will increase slightly, since the power of ITP equipment is equivalent to the power of one electric kettle(2-3 kW).

Key components of ITP

• A thermal energy meter that takes into account the consumption of thermal energy for heating and hot water supply, as well as an internal DHW metering unit for distributing the heat energy consumed by an apartment building.
• Control panel that regulates the preparation and heating of hot water in accordance with a given program and the readings of the outdoor temperature sensor.
• Hot water control valve with actuator and heat exchanger to ensure constant desired hot water temperature.
• A heating control valve with an actuator and a heat exchanger that provide high-quality heating in accordance with the temperature schedule and taking into account the readings of the outdoor temperature sensor.
• Hot water pumps and heating systems that circulate water in hot water and heating systems.
• Differential pressure regulator that maintains a constant pressure on the primary side of the IHS, improving the quality of heat supply and increasing the service life of heating equipment.
• Expansion tank (installed depending on the type of building) that fills the heating system of the building when the temperature of the coolant changes

Applied Solutions

1. The circuit of the district heating system (DH) and the circuit of the house are separated.
2. The temperature from the CHP/boiler house to the consumer is constant.
3. Heating system and DHW building consumes as much heat from the DH as needed.
4. An individual approach to adjusting the heat supply mode.

The dissatisfaction of the owners of some apartments about the quality of heat supply services can be understood. The heat in the house disappears from time to time. It seems that no one controls the heat metering. The temperature in the room is almost impossible to regulate. The heating is turned on too late in the autumn, as a result of which you have to freeze. Apartment heating metering is not very helpful.

And in the spring, when the temperature outside the window changes very much, the heat from the radiators does not adjust to it and the meters do not contribute to this. Another disadvantage district heating can be considered very high cost. Utilities maintain apartment-by-apartment accounting of heating in new buildings. But our desires are simple: in cold weather we want warmth, and on warm spring days we don’t want to fry with air from radiators. And the requirements of SNiP should contribute to this.

There may be several solutions to this problem. Most radical way- move to a private house, where all communications are under your control (in accordance with SNiP). Another way is to install heat meters and supply regulators on radiators. central heating. However, this point cannot always be implemented and it will not be able to smooth out all the shortcomings of the general heat supply. Accounting is not regulation. If you calculate everything well, then you can provide yourself with individual heating in an apartment building.

It should be borne in mind that equipping a residential area in a high-rise building with an autonomous heating complex can have two important aspects: legal and technical (compliance with the requirements of SNiP). It will seem unusual, but the second point is much easier to resolve than the first. The management company can introduce apartment-by-apartment heating accounting at the request of the owners of residential premises. However, the counters will have to be installed at your own expense.

An autonomous heating point may look different, but must comply with SNiP. On the market you can find a variety of models of autonomous heating systems: from conventional heat guns to advanced complexes that operate from renewable energy sources. And it will be problematic to legalize your decision to refuse central heating.

Let's start by considering the most categorical way - to disconnect from district heating. It seems logical: what's the point of paying for two heat sources at the same time? Why pay for heat supplies from housing and communal services (whether there are meters or not) and maintain your own point?

First of all, you have to physically remove all the paths for the coolant to pass through the territory of the apartment, without violating SNiP. But before that, you should get permission from the heat supply organization.

In houses of a new layout, this is much easier to achieve (new SNiP are in force). If a wiring diagram has been created in the house, in which heat is supplied separately to each of the apartments, then if there is a heat meter, you just need to turn off the heat access. This is done using an individual valve, which is equipped with counters. In this case, you will not be billed for heating.

If houses were built in Soviet time, then disconnecting from the central heat supply is not an easy task. All due to the fact that the projects did not provide for individual heating supply. Here you can’t even put counters on heat. SNiP did not require this. Therefore, remove heating pipes completely in apartments not on the extreme floors is impossible.

And in the apartments of the last floor, where the edges of the risers are located, it is possible to equip your own heating point instead of a common one, if you do not violate SNiP. The owner of one of these apartments removed all heating devices. To do this, he needed the help of a design organization to draw up a work plan and licensed builders to directly work with pipes.

During such alterations, you need to make sure that the central heating pipes do not emit heat into your room (meters will no longer be needed). The circuit can be closed in the floor screed using metal-plastic pipes, as required by SNiP. This material gives off a minimum of heat through its walls. This decision allowed to keep the heat in the rest of the apartments.

When the conversion work is completed, you need to obtain a certificate of commissioning of the residential premises, get on a special account. The document must indicate its new heating scheme. With this paper, you should go to your management company and demand that the line for heat supply be excluded from your receipts.

How to set up your heating point

In parallel with the work on disconnecting from a common heating source, it is worth resolving the issue of choosing an individual heat supply system. The choice will depend on the presence or absence of gasification at home. If there is only electricity in a high-rise building, then you can use a common solution - installing underfloor heating. Such a transfer will result in the fact that you will have to keep records of the electricity spent. They can be installed in all rooms and have separate adjustments for each room.

You can entrust the heat supply to the automation, then it will depend on the actual temperature in the room. Even a novice master will be able to install such a system. However, one important technical problem remains to be solved. Existing electrical wiring made of aluminum wires may not be able to withstand such a load. In this case, it is necessary to lay a new copper cable to each room from the switchboard (where the meters are) through an individual machine.

Transferring heating to the base of liquid and solid fuel boilers is a bad option. They will require a special item for themselves and fuel. And keep coal, diesel fuel, firewood, etc. in the apartment. not allowed by the rules fire safety. No one will give permission for such storage. In addition, it will be inconvenient to deliver all this to your home.

If your house is gasified, then it is better to prefer transferring heating to a system with a gas boiler. You yourself will keep track of the spent resource. This is also a common option for the reason that for many hot water comes to the tap from a gas heater. The central part of the new heating system will be a gas boiler with two water circuits. Installing this item is not difficult, for this you do not need to create gas ducts. Optionally, you can install gas meters.

Oxygen enters the boiler from outdoor air, and exhaust gases leave through the ventilation system. It is equipped with reliable electronics that will automatically control its operation. You do not need to monitor temperature maintenance and other characteristics. Compact and practical device will serve for many years.

Where to put the heating point of the apartment?

It is possible to make a heat carrier heating point only in a special room. There are certain requirements for the boiler room:

1. Area from 4 sq. m. The door to the point should have a width of 0.8 m.
2. The presence of a window that looks out onto the street.
3. In some cases, the presence of forced ventilation.
4. Fixing the boiler to a non-combustible wall surface. Otherwise, it is necessary to provide a reliable layer of non-combustible material.
5. The distance between the boiler and other gas and heating equipment must be at least 0.3 m.

Compliance with these simple requirements SNiP will avoid problems with registering the system. Apartment metering of heat supply will no longer be important to you.

Our company offers a range of services for the design and installation of ITP, the price of which is shown on this page in the price tables.

We have been building automated individual and central heating stations at a reasonable price for over 14 years.

The cost of construction of the central heating station (ITP) is formed from two main components:

• project cost;
• installation price.

The final price of ITP depends on various factors, among which:

In a commercial offer for the installation of a central heating substation, the price can be indicated in detail, where the cost of work without material and the price of the recommended ITP equipment are separately highlighted.

Upon completion of the construction of the heating point, we draw up a complete package of documentation and submit it to the relevant supervisory authorities.

The cost of an ITP for an apartment building includes the delivery of an ITP to MOEK and is also included in the cost of installation work.

The cost of the project ITP, TsTP

The price of designing a heat point depends on the number and type of incoming systems:

• heating system (OT);
• hot water supply system (DHW);
• ventilation system (VK).

The cost of designing an ITP or TsTP in our company includes the approval of the design of a heating point in the supervisory authorities - MOEK, Rostekhnadzor, etc.

Get a discount of up to 30% on the ITP or TsTP project when ordering construction and installation works at the same time

The price of designing a heat point includes:

The project consists of the following sections:

• thermal mechanics (section TM, TS);
• electrical equipment and lighting (section EOM, EO, EM);
• automation (section of automatic telephone exchange, ATM);
• thermal energy metering unit (section ATS-UUTE).

Information for calculating the cost of designing ITP (TsTP)

• technical conditions;
• technical task;
• load of heat-consuming systems (download the questionnaire to fill out).

Send them to us and our specialist will prepare for you offer.

The cost of installation of ITP, TsTP

The cost of works does not include the price of the heat substation project. The project is ordered separately or provided by you. Please note that the construction of a heat point is possible only according to an agreed project.

Here are the prices for the installation of ITP in Moscow and the Moscow region. For regions, the cost of construction of an ITP (CTP) is calculated individually, depending on the conditions and the region where the work is performed.

Please note that the cost of construction of a separate heat point building is not included in the installation cost.

The calculation of the cost of ITP includes:

• supply of materials and equipment;
• installation of thermal mechanical equipment;
• installation of electrical equipment;
• installation of automation;
• commissioning works;
• submission to supervisory authorities.

The functional diagram of a standard ITP includes independent system heating and hot water system.

Information for calculating the price of installation of ITP (CTP)

Only one document is required as initial data:

• approved design of the heating point.

You can specify preferences for ITP equipment manufacturers and the required price category.

Cost of maintenance of ITP, TsTP

The monthly cost of maintaining a heat point depends on the heat load and the technological equipment of the heat point.

The price or CHP ordered from us quickly pays off due to the optimal setting of the equipment operation mode by our personnel with extensive operating experience. Your costs for thermal energy will be reduced, and the microclimate of the premises will become more comfortable.

As part of the service maintenance of ITP we undertake the necessary interaction with the heat supply organization.

The price of ITP maintenance includes:

Compliance with standard operating procedures, as well as:

• preparation for the heating season;
• washing and sorting if necessary;
• maintenance of automation and adjustment of the optimal mode;
• maintenance of the heat energy metering unit;
• free replacement of consumables;

Information for calculating the cost of maintaining a heat point

Prepare the following documents:

• functional diagram of the heat point;
• design documentation for the heat point.

Send them to us and our specialist will prepare a commercial offer for you. Together with the maintenance cost estimate, you will receive a detailed list of works.