Advantages and disadvantages of aeration plants. Comparison of domestic wastewater treatment plants presented on the Russian Market, their advantages and disadvantages Local treatment systems for summer cottages

To choose this type of technological equipment, it is useless to rely entirely on user reviews. It is required to take into account the slope of your personal plot of land, the quality and size of those drains that you will specifically begin to clean, all soil properties and the climate of its location.

Price calculator for autonomous aftertreatment modules for the home

On the official website of the company "Ekolos" you will choose a calculator with which you can perform an approximate calculation of the price of treatment plants, structures, modules, stations. Our engineering and technical team will select treatment modules, facilities, installations, stations according to your wishes, and will make an estimate of all start-up and installation services.

Price and price list for autonomous post-treatment modules for the home

If, when choosing a park of equipment for a suburban area, a cottage, a summer house or your own home, you are interested in its price, in this case, visit our website, which contains the prices of absolutely all implemented modifications of treatment plants, installations, modules, structures.

Inexpensive off-line aftertreatment modules for the home

Not very expensive modules are always designed for low productivity, for this reason this model range is in demand for low-rise buildings and will be able to service the sewerage of a summer house, a house, a cottage with a small number of residents.

The most reliable autonomous aftertreatment modules for the home

In order to purchase very reliable autonomous post-treatment modules for a home, it is necessary to take into account all the individualities of mansions, summer cottages, houses or cottages, the maintenance of which is supposed to be performed, when choosing facilities for cleaning storm, sewer, waste spillways.

The most popular off-line aftertreatment modules for the home

Quite popular modern autonomous post-treatment modules for the home, created by Ecolos, organize your comfort and eliminate all issues with cleaning household spillways, while they will not pollute your land.

Sale of off-line post-treatment modules for the home

The production company "Ekolos" provides discounts, makes seasonal sales at a reduced price of such a group of goods for small-sized suburban areas and housing construction.

What is the best autonomous aftertreatment module for the home?

In order to conclude which module is best, it is necessary to take into account many interesting points, which usually contain their own personalities, in this regard, the best solution is to call a specialist. From our website, you can contact our professional manager and find out the necessary instructions on justifying the feasibility of buying a certain type of treatment plant, treatment plant, module, station and leave a request for assistance with installation and commissioning of the equipment fleet.

An autonomous sewer module is arranged to clean drains when it is not possible to connect one or another building to the main sewer networks.

At the moment, such devices have earned the greatest popularity, as they are produced on the basis of the most advanced solutions and technologies for cleaning sewer drains and, of course, provide for state sanitary requirements, the chemical composition of effluents, type of terrain, soil and climatic conditions.

Before you choose the right autonomous sewer station, you need to decide which type of material is right for you:

- reinforced concrete;
- stainless steel;
- plastic.

After that, it is already possible to select a model of spillway treatment facilities, taking into account their cost.

There are quite a few manufacturers of independent (autonomous) sewerage installations on the modern market, but before choosing, pay attention to their rating. So, for example, since the beginning of 2010, the leading place has been occupied by the autonomous sewage system "Tank" according to the following characteristics:

- simplified installation;
— high operational qualities;
- autonomy;
- democratic cost of equipment;
— durability and reliability;
— high enough level of cleaning.

Autonomous sewerage for the plant

Creation of project documentation for an independent (autonomous) sewerage station for a plant is very different from the same stations for domestic use, because it is the type of water outlets that determines the choice of one or another type of equipment fleet. For this reason, the Ecolos organization implements many types of treatment facilities.

Autonomous sewerage in a private house

At its factories and branches, the company "Ekolos" manufactures independent (autonomous) sewer stations for houses, mansions, summer cottages, cottages. By calling us, you can place your order for your individual home, according to the location of the land and the natural conditions of the region where you will live. And already on the basis of these conditions, the engineer will choose equipment for a sewer station for any cottage.

Autonomous sewerage for the enterprise

The company "Ekolos" at its production facilities manufactures autonomous sewers for plants, factories, enterprises of various production areas. At the moment, most large firms, plants, enterprises, companies, factories have their own autonomous system for cleaning industrial water outlets.

The best solution for a large industrial holding is the purification of industrial water outlets in an installed water supply and purification cycle. The key link in the design of an independent (autonomous) sewage system for a manufacturing company is considered to be the indispensable correspondence between the design loads and the actually discharged industrial effluents - only in this case will all the requirements for cleaning spillways be met.

When installing an independent (autonomous) sewerage system for an enterprise, it is recommended to provide a number of special designs for the main equipment:

• manholes;
• additional pavilions for compressors, pumps, UFO units and other auxiliary units;
• pumping stations for supplying spillways for disinfection and disinfection;
• containers for the accumulation of activated sludge.

Autonomous sewerage for the house

For home comfort with all-season living, the company "Ekolos" provides an independent (autonomous) type of sewage system that can provide very effective cleaning of domestic, household water outlets. In our trading company, you can easily get professional help and choose an autonomous sewage system, taking into account the depth of groundwater, the design features of your house and personal requests. Additionally, you will be able to place an order for the layout of the installation, station, module, in accordance with the conditions of your site and the calculation of salvo discharge. As a result, you order an easy-to-use, reliable, durable environmentally friendly system, installation, biological treatment station, at the same time at an affordable price.

Autonomous suburban sewerage

An independent (autonomous) suburban sewerage station of the company "Ekolos" is not necessarily mounted on only one site, but can equally be used for several closely spaced suburban mansions.

Advantages of sewer systems manufactured by our industrial company:

• allows you to abandon the construction of trenches, drainage wells;
• resistance to volley water outlets;
• simple, quick installation;
• functionality when turning off electrical energy;
• allows connection of up to 8 houses.

As a result, the quality indicators of the treated drains meet all the requirements of environmental legislation.

Autonomous systems and sewerage solutions for the home

An autonomous sewer installation in an individual country house does not provide for the accumulation of all household waste, as in cesspools, but for the purification of spillways, which allows the subsequent use of already clean water for technical purposes, for example, for watering needs.

Autonomous sewerage septic tank

Sewerage of an autonomous nature - a septic tank (sump) - is a closed device, without air access, which is based on the principle of filtration using bacteria, is designed to purify rather small volumes (up to 35 m3 per day) of household spillways and fecal masses. When operating this type of sewage treatment plant, it is possible to achieve 98% of the purification of wastewater, in connection with this, both the environment and groundwater are not polluted.

Bio-treatment plant for home

The biological treatment method is rightfully considered the safest, most convenient and versatile, since it is based on the vital activity of aerobic bacteria, which decompose organic matter into simple components.

The production company "Ekolos" recommends a number of modifications for bio-purification of a house, a summer residence, a country house, a cottage: VOC-5, VOC-8, VOC-15. Such structures are used for rather deep ecological cleaning of domestic, household spillways in the area for a cottage, house, mansion, summer house, they are made in the form of vertical cone-shaped hydraulic reservoirs made of reinforced fiberglass, which are divided into 3 chambers: a compartment for purified water, a secondary sump and an air tank -bioreactor.

septic tank

The principle of operation of the septic tank is based on the purification of spillways in several stages:

• first, the effluent enters the receiving chamber, where inorganic substances that cannot be decomposed precipitate and create sediment;
• in the second sump merge to some extent purified spillways, which are further purified by decay under the action of a specific bacterial flora;

• • in the last sump, complete purification and removal of wastewater is carried out using a special infiltrator.

Full production readiness of such models allows you to mount them yourself.

Advantages of a septic tank:

• high degree of purification;
• relatively low cost;
• an extensive range;
• ease of installation and long service life;
• installation autonomy.

Biological treatment station

The biological treatment module is intended for cleaning household and household water outlets and is used for cottage settlements, recreation centers, summer cottages, the population of which is not more than two hundred and fifty people.

For example, the LOS-BIO bio-cleaning system is designed to clean up to 30 m3 per day, this equipment is made of plastic with a 5-year warranty, and a service life of fifty years.

Autonomous post-treatment modules for the home

The specialized company "Ekolos" implements facilities for the purification of waste water outlets for various types of housing.

As an example, autonomous post-treatment modules for a home are a treatment system for cleaning fecal, sewage, storm, sewer outlets, very reliable in operation, safe and convenient, as it is autonomous, with a biological purification method and non-volatile, which is used for a cottage, residential houses, cottages.

Price calculator for autonomous post-treatment modules for summer cottages

On the official website of the specialized company "Ekolos" you will choose a calculator with which you can make an approximate calculation of the cost of treatment facilities, modules, installations, stations. Our engineering team will select treatment plants, installations, structures, modules according to all your wishes, and determine the total cost of all installation, commissioning services.

Inexpensive autonomous aftertreatment modules for summer cottages

Relatively inexpensive modules are usually provided for low performance, in connection with this, this modification is in demand today for low-rise buildings and can take care of the sewerage of a house, cottage, cottage with a small number of residents.

Sale of autonomous post-treatment modules for summer cottages

The Ecolos group of companies is ready to provide discounts, and makes seasonal sales of this category of products for small-sized suburban areas and housing construction.

Price and price list for autonomous post-treatment modules for summer cottages

Perhaps, when choosing equipment for a cottage, your home, a suburban area or a summer house, you are interested in its cost, then visit our website, which contains the prices of absolutely all sold models of treatment modules, installations, structures, stations.

Design of autonomous post-treatment modules for the home

By contacting us, you are guaranteed to receive a full set of works on the design of facilities for the purification of fecal drains in accordance with the personal claims of the client, taking into account the climate, the economics of projects and the individuality of the construction site.

Servicing modules for autonomous post-treatment for the home

When purchasing cleaning equipment, the manufacturer of the specialized company "Ekolos" issues a factory warranty for such modules for summer cottages, cottages, houses, mansions, and also offers post-warranty and warranty service by our trained employees, who will invariably answer the questions asked and provide professional service in in case of any problems.

Audit of autonomous aftertreatment modules for the home

The service department of our organization also includes an audit, which consists in evaluating the functionality of this equipment option and performing examinations of cleaned water outlets.

Construction of autonomous post-treatment modules for the home

The construction of such treatment facilities includes careful preparation of the installation site and other earthworks.

Repair of autonomous post-treatment modules for the home

The specialized company "Ekolos" makes any kind of repair, both single parts, units of industrial equipment, and stations, installations, devices, modules for a mansion, dacha, cottage, whole house.

Commissioning of autonomous post-treatment modules for the home

Commissioning of installed treatment complexes plays a rather important role at the very beginning of the operation of such equipment. Therefore, it is recommended that this function be performed by trained craftsmen from the manufacturing plant.

Reconstruction of autonomous post-treatment modules for the home

To restore the efficiency of the treatment equipment, the trained employees of the production company "Ekolos" are ready to offer services for the modernization, restructuring, reconstruction for a summer residence, a mansion, a house, a cottage, as well as on a site.

Installation of autonomous post-treatment modules for the home

In order to reduce reputational risks due to improper installation of equipment for cleaning water outlets, the construction department of EKOLOS LLC offers our customers services of supervised installation of the equipment park manufactured by us, including such as autonomous post-treatment modules for the home.

Manufacturers of autonomous post-treatment modules for the home

At present, the popularity of the production of compact treatment equipment is increasing, which is what the profile company Ecolos Retail is doing. The main conditions for the formation of this organization turned out to be such signs as the growth of the technologies used, the increase in the technical preparedness of people and the ever-growing popularity of private homes.

"Engineering equipment"

Septic tanks of the "Tver" type are implemented by the organization Trade House "Engineering Equipment" on the principles of biological purification of spillways and are used mainly in areas.

"Topol-eco"

This specialized company manufactures a fairly extensive list of industrial equipment for closed (autonomous) sewer systems. These included the manufacture of independent (autonomous) modules, stations, installations for a private house, country house, mansion and cottage of the Topas model line, which perform the highest level of purification and are characterized by ease of use.

Cleaning of household drains with the biological system of the Topas model line is done in 3 stages: first, coarse purification from the largest impurities takes place, then purification from organic compounds, and at the end, in the secondary separator (settler), clarification of the purified liquid and sedimentation to the bottom of the sludge takes place .

"SBM-Group"

The SBM-Group manufacturing enterprise is rightfully the manufacturer of modern local systems of closed (autonomous) sewerage of the Unilos model range. This unique equipment for cleaning drains is based on the most advanced technologies in the field of closed (autonomous) cleaning and is intended both for fairly solid buildings of a socio-cultural direction, and for low-rise construction: summer cottages, private houses, mansions, cottages.

The specialized company SBM-Group is always ready to provide a full range of services for the installation of facilities for purification, service maintenance and delivery of the supplied equipment.

"Triton plastic"

The production enterprise "Triton Plastic" is the largest manufacturer of non-volatile closed (autonomous) sewer stations for private houses, mansions, cottages and country cottages. It is here that the most rated septic tank (septic tank) of the Tank model line is produced, which has won quite positive reviews over 10 years on the market.

The system of complete factory readiness assumes the very minimum of costs during the installation process and has a typical three-chamber design feature that provides biological, mechanical and chemical cleaning of domestic, utility spillways.

UBAS

LLC "Yubas" manufactures septic tanks (sumps) of a new generation of the Eurobion model range, which are able to establish a comfortable home for a healthy and fulfilling life.

Important technological advantages of the sedimentation tank (septic tank) of the Eurobion model line:

• low-waste technological processes of the Eurobion design made it possible to pump out the surplus twice a year;
• the use of durable raw materials guarantees a service life of up to 55 years;
• does not require special maintenance;
• the use of the latest technologies made it possible to have a mineralized safe sediment, which is odorless and is considered a wonderful fertilizer for a summer cottage;
• high thermal insulation of the unit ensures constant performance under temperature changes in the air;
• high degree of purification of water outlets - up to 99%;
• relatively low cost.

SPF "Water Treatment Equipment"

This manufacturing company produces a septic tank (septic tank) Biozon, which has become an ideal combination of price, unpretentiousness and reliability. It is designed to clean all waste without limitation, including toilet paper, household chemicals, leftovers from the kitchen and much more, both seasonally and at any time of the year, does not depend on power outages and does not oblige to conservation for the winter period.

Ecolos Retail

This company sells the SANI septic tank, which is a simple treatment plant for a private building with long-term residence and is now in high demand among buyers. The main advantage of the SANI model line is the guarantee of a fairly good degree of purification of spillways, which is achieved through the use of its design features.

SANI is a popular closed-loop (stand-alone) treatment plant that is fairly unassuming to use, requiring the least amount of routine maintenance, just occasional cleaning of accumulated sludge.

Treatment plant of an individual type

The problem of centralized drainage of sewage in holiday villages has never been solved by anyone. It has always been believed that this is the problem of the summer residents themselves, and this opinion still exists. Therefore, the owner of even a small structure is forced to solve such a problem on his own. Whatever people came up with to somehow make their stay outside the city more comfortable. The simplest and most traditional option is a cesspool. But, unfortunately, this design does not meet many standards and requirements for comfortable living. Therefore, more and more often, suburban developers began to use treatment facilities for summer cottages. This is a unique opportunity not only to collect sewage, but also to completely dispose of them.

What are local treatment facilities, or VOCs? This is a complex that is responsible for the processing of effluents and waste coming from a country house. Basically, household waste and feces, that is, organic matter, are collected here. Manufacturers of such equipment offer a fairly wide range of models, where you can find both expensive and cheap analogues. That is, there is always a choice.

But the main division is made according to the power of the complex and its energy dependence. There are both volatile and non-volatile models on the market. For the first, the presence of electricity is required. Indeed, in this unit, as a component, there are control and control units. And also a compressor that supplies air to the working area. Under its action, the process of plugging occurs, where bacteria decompose the organic components of sewage into carbon dioxide and water.

Such structures consume little electricity, so it makes no sense to talk about their cost. But here another question arises. Does it make sense to purchase a similar version of the device if the electricity supply is periodically turned off in the village? Will this unit work just as efficiently? The manufacturers have taken care of everything. If the electricity supply is cut off for a few hours, the VOC will work just as efficiently. So there are no problems in this regard.

The only thing that can scare off consumers is a rather high price. Unfortunately, for many summer residents this option is not yet available. Although we must pay tribute to the quality of processing, which is marked by a high degree of purification, reaching up to 100%. After it, the clarified water can be used to water the garden. Yes, and you will not be forbidden to lower it into open water. And the precipitated activated sludge can be used as a fertilizer. So, in many respects, this is an excellent option for creating a modern sewer network in the country.

As for non-volatile local treatment facilities, an ordinary septic tank can be mentioned as an option for a small sewer. And although manufacturers have long offered ready-made analogues, many summer residents prefer to build them with their own hands from traditional building materials. For example, from reinforced concrete rings.

For this, several pits are being built, the first of which is a sealed structure and plays the role of a collection. The second pit or well is a clarified water drain. That is, heavy particles are deposited in the first well, and then somewhat purified effluents enter the second well. Here, small and light particles are processed under the action of bacteria, and water enters the soil through the bottom of the well. There can be several wells of the second type. And the more of them, the cleaner the output water.

Septic tanks

Biological treatment of wastewater from an autonomous sewerage system

However, the time of self-built septic tanks has already passed. No one wants to deal with complex installation and construction processes, as this requires a lot of time and money. Therefore, manufacturers of sewer equipment began to offer unique, but at the same time simple designs that are affordable for the bulk of summer residents. A plastic septic tank is very relevant today. Moreover, on the market you can always find an option that is exactly right for your summer cottage in terms of volume, power and degree of purification.

Modern septic tanks are a tank divided inside into several compartments. In fact, they are very similar to reinforced concrete wells. Drains, getting inside the septic tank, alternately fill the compartments one after the other, overflowing through the partitions. In each of them, a settling process takes place, where heavy particles sink to the bottom of the tank and are processed there by living bacteria. Having passed all the compartments in this way in a few days, the water at the outlet is quite clean. Manufacturers guarantee a 95% degree of purification.

Unfortunately, this water cannot be used. Yes, and pour it into the reservoirs, too, is not worth it. Therefore, as an addition to septic tanks, filtration fields are built that provide one hundred percent cleaning and penetration of liquid into the groundwater layer. As you can see, non-volatile wastewater treatment plants do an excellent job with their duties.

All of the listed local treatment facilities operate on the principle of biological treatment. Their work is based on the method of processing organic sewage with the help of live bacteria. Experts say that bacteria can process organic matter in three days, of course, with a certain amount of sewage. That is why it is so important that this volume does not exceed the allowable one. Yes, and the effective reproduction of bacteria in this case will play an important role. This means that for this it will be necessary to create optimal conditions, where the exact volume of the structure and normal temperature conditions inside it will be the main ones.

plastic septic tank

In nature, there are two types of bacteria - some live and multiply only in the presence of oxygen, while others do not need it. Hence the modifications of treatment facilities, which are divided according to the principle of sewage and waste processing - aerobic (the presence of oxygen is mandatory) and anaerobic (without oxygen). It is impossible to say that some option is better, and some is not. Just make sure you prioritize when choosing. How?

• An aerobic recycling system requires the presence of air inside the facility or septic tank. Air can be pumped in by a compressor, which means that the system will be volatile. You can file it naturally by making an access hole. But this can be accompanied by the appearance of an unpleasant odor.
• The anaerobic system is absolutely hermetic, and air cannot be allowed to enter here. Therefore, such septic tanks are classified as "non-volatile". Yes, and problems with unpleasant odors are completely absent.

And there is also a division of modern septic tanks into northern and southern treatment facilities. In the northern regions, the construction of local sewer networks is a big problem. The soil freezes deep, so manufacturers began to offer insulated septic tanks in which water does not freeze at any temperature. This is a real breakthrough and a solution to a big problem.

Conclusion on the topic

Thanks to a modern approach to solving the problems of country sewerage, small treatment facilities began to appear on the market. This is a real victory for summer residents, who have always been in the position of renegades. Much in modern life is changing, so summer cottages began to change. Not only beautiful and comfortable houses appear here, but water supply and sewerage are also installed, and the settlements are gasified. That is, the fruits of civilization outside the city are becoming the norm.

Right selection of a treatment plant is a very important indicator in the work of the company and the formation of positive customer reviews about this company.

Discussing the details with the client is essential for the most correct choice of the type of treatment plant, as well as the selection of the most appropriate treatment technology. There are a number of questions, the answers to which will provide a complete picture of what kind of autonomous or modern local sewerage necessary.

These questions are divided into groups:

1. Calculation of the volume of a treatment plant of a local or autonomous type

• you need to know the total amount of flow per day
• runoff characteristics (grey waters, black waters)
• periods of residence
• peak periods (depending on the number of people living in the house at the same time)

2. drainage.

• the presence of a slope in the territory
• the presence of elevation marks on the site in relation to the general state of the relief
• groundwater level on the site, mandatory accounting of the process of snow melting in autumn
• the height of groundwater underground at the highest and lowest points of the relief
• presence on site drainage system(cuvettes, ditches, etc.)
• Availability stormwater collection facilities and its cleaning
• it is necessary to determine the composition of the soil, its ability to filter

3. Sources of drinking water and their sanitary zones

• it is necessary to clarify the presence on the site of a well with drinking water or a water well
• situational characteristics (locating near the site of neighboring residential buildings)
• the presence of wells with drinking water on the neighbors' plots
• location of a site near the water protection zone of a special purpose reservoir
• you need to specify the point of discharge

4. Technical characteristics of the object

• the depth at which the exit from the house of the sewer pipe is located
• the presence of a riser with ventilation, the presence of an internal sewer system
• distance from the wall of the room to the approximate installation site of the treatment equipment
• the presence of a constant supply of electricity
• the possibility of approaching a sewage truck to the distance necessary for pumping.

Autonomous sewerage of a private house or Autonomous sewerage with your own hands.

To make a decision about a manufacturer of wastewater treatment equipment, the client needs to have knowledge that could help him navigate the market.

5. Manufacturer and brand

• the manufacturer's productive potential and feedback on the market
• distributors in different locations
• availability of territories allocated for warehouses
• installation and maintenance services
• transportation services
• availability of stocks in warehouses and delivery time of equipment

6. Equipment specifications

• material
• design features
• strength characteristics
• modular design
• universal equipment

7. Price

• value for money
• ratio of market price to producer prices

8. Guarantees

• product warranty period
• installation warranty period

9. Maintenance and other services

• availability of service providers in your area
• the presence of contractor groups involved in the installation of equipment
• the possibility of consultation and implementation of the process of drawing up the binding of treatment equipment directly in one of the company's offices

10. Differences from similar products on the market

• ease of use
• reliable performance
• availability of self-service
• lack of complex technologies in the equipment
• high quality cleaning
• the possibility of various configurations depending on the characteristics of the object

1) Calculation of the volume and performance of the modern sewerage system

1.1 Used as autonomous sewers or local sewers , treatment facilities must be installed only after an accurate calculation of data regarding the number of people living in the house at the same time, as well as the number and volume of plumbing fixtures. The following factors must be taken into account: the average number of people living in a daily period, a possible increase in the volume of flow due to the appearance of guests to calculate the reserve.
1.2 The volume of runoff sometimes changes as the composition of the wastewater changes. To do this, you should understand the issues regarding separate drainage. Waste water is divided into gray water and black water. Black waters assume the presence of faecal effluents, which make up approximately 5 percent of the total composition of wastewater from joint drainage. Gray water is the collection of wastewater from all kinds of plumbing fixtures, such as a bathtub, shower or sink.
1.3 The seasonality of residence is an important factor that must be taken into account due to the fact that the full operation of the treatment plant depends on the continuous supply of sewage. Runoff waters contain organic substances necessary for the biological treatment process through the work of microorganisms. Uneven flow can disrupt the work of such organisms, which will lead to a decrease in the quality of the treatment process.
1.4 The size of the third chamber of the septic tank must be determined in advance so that peak loads do not disrupt the complete cleaning process and do not wash out incompletely purified water along with some of the beneficial microorganisms.

Calculation of daily flow volumes and the required volumes of treatment equipment for local or autonomous sewage.
The volume of wastewater per day dictates the volume of treatment equipment. The calculation should be made on the basis of regulatory documents, in this case it is SNiP 2.04.03-85 Sewerage. External networks and structures.
The calculation of the volume of water consumption per inhabitant is based on SNiP 2.04.01-85 Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings (Appendix 3 of the rate of water consumption by consumers)
The calculation of the volume of water consumption per inhabitant is based on the data given in SNiP 2.04.01-85 Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings. An average rate of 200 liters per person is taken as an average value and is used in the calculation. This norm includes all plumbing fixtures that a person can use.
The calculation of the required volumes of treatment equipment is carried out in strict accordance with the norms of SNiP 2.04.01-85 Sewerage. External networks and structures.
The daily inflow of wastewater determines the required volume of a septic tank for a country house: if the volume of wastewater does not exceed 5 cubic meters per day, then the volume of the septic tank should be 15 cubic meters (that is, three times more). With a volume of wastewater exceeding 5 cubic meters per day, the volume of the septic tank should be two and a half times the volume of the drain. These calculations are valid for at least one use of the cleaning equipment.
The volume of the septic tank can be reduced by 15-20 percent only if the average wastewater temperature in winter exceeds 10 degrees, and the rate per person is more than 150 liters per day.

For example: five people live in a country house at the same time, therefore, 5 people. * 200 l = 1000 l/day. Therefore, the volume of treatment equipment should be 3000 liters (1000*3=3000). Such a tripling is necessary for the cleaning process, since the work of beneficial microorganisms is carried out for 3 days.
Calculations of the volume of facilities for cleaning at industrial enterprises, campsites, hotels, hostels are carried out on the basis of the standards specified in SNiP 2.04.01-85.

2) Water drainage

During planning systems local sewers or modern autonomous sewers very important points should be clarified regarding the place where the purified water will fall. These factors can seriously affect cleaning equipment.

2.1 The presence of a natural slope on the site allows you to use it when building systems water drainage
2.2 The general topography of the area in which the site is located can give an idea of ​​what will happen as a result of increased wastewater discharge, taking into account the level of groundwater and the ability of the soil to filter.
2.3 It is strictly forbidden to neglect the knowledge of information regarding the level of groundwater, since this factor is extremely important in the construction of treatment equipment. The water level can be determined by test drilling. After such an operation, a special document is issued that reflects the most important characteristics of the soil and a description of the soil layers.
Missing groundwater information can be filled with site data by checking the following:
- the depth of the foundation of the house
- the presence of ditches, ravines, standing water on the base
- determine the direction of water movement in the ditches (if any)

Failure to periodically change wastewater can lead to unpleasant odors. The three points above can provide information on the standing of groundwater, taking into account seasonal changes (snowmelt and showers in spring). The level of waters under the ground can radically change the drainage system and convert it from gravity to pressure, the discharge of which is carried out using a pump. In the case when the groundwater level exceeds the depth at which the sewage treatment plant outlet pipe is laid, a sealed water intake well should be used to install a sewage pump with a float switch.

2.4 If the site is located at lower points of the relief, then the probability of seasonal and permanent flooding, as well as periodic complete or partial waterlogging of the site, should be taken into account.

2.5 Artificial or natural systems drainage are pluses when considering options for sewer equipment. In this case, we can talk about ditches on the site, as well as other drainage systems on a larger scale. Such systems allow lowering the groundwater level and thus facilitating the installation of equipment for the removal of treated wastewater.

2.6 The equipped wastewater collection and treatment system allows it to be used for the disposal of wastewater that has been treated.

2.7 The composition of the soil and its ability to filter are very important indicators in the selection of treatment equipment. Everything that was described in paragraph 2.3, as well as test drilling of wells and geological data, must be strictly taken into account.
The constituents of the soil and its filtration capacity have a strong influence on the water drainage system and, consequently, on the required pipe length. sewers and the number of wells performing filtration.
There is a need to consider different options for diverting water:
— dependence of the design of water treatment equipment on climate conditions, soil type, groundwater level, water discharge conditions after treatment, terrain, runoff water discharge conditions (with a sufficient level of purification)
The project for the construction of a treatment facility is developed taking into account a special link to the facility; at the same time, a detailed study of the hydrogeological situation in the area of ​​​​possible placement, the presence of karst rocks, the level of protection of the underground aquifer, the height of groundwater, and the ability of the soil to filter are obligatory.
Where draining of wastewater after being in a septic tank is impossible according to sanitary standards, a filtration field should be installed, which is a system of pipes for drainage laid in rubble on a sandy base. Water will pass through it and fall into the layers of rubble for filtering, and then soak into the soil. It is recommended to use a filter trench, a filtration well, a filter with activated materials, and ultraviolet lamps for disinfection.

Equipment for soil post-treatment:

• soaking trench
• well for filtration
• filtration trench or gravel-sand filter
• underground filtration field

Their installation is carried out on soils for filtration - sandy loam, sandy soils, and on soils that are not capable of filtering runoff, provided that the groundwater level is more than 1 meter from the base of the well, drainage pipe tray or irrigation pipe tray. The equipment is equipped with risers for ventilation with a diameter of 10 cm, and their height should be greater than the likely level of snow cover (usually 0.7 m). Ventilation should be installed at the end of each irrigation line and at the beginning of each drain pipe. The length of the irrigation system and the size of the well are determined based on the water consumption per 1 square meter of surface for filtration (walls and bottom of the well) or per 1 square meter of irrigation pipe length.

The method of water diversion should be chosen depending on the ability of the water in the area to filter.

The filtering well is installed on soils for filtration (sandy loam, sands) with a filtering area of ​​1.5 square meters of sand or 3 square meters of sandy loam (per resident of a country house). The larger the filtering area, the higher the service life of the well. The groundwater level should be 50 centimeters below the crushed stone layer and 1 meter below the base of the well. The well for filtration is made of brick, prefabricated or monolithic reinforced concrete.

Soak trench (platform)

Where draining after being cleaned by a septic tank is not recommended according to sanitation standards, you can put an additional absorbent pad or make an absorbent trench, which is a pipeline route made of porous material. Water enters the soil and passes through a layer of soil ideal for the life of beneficial bacteria. Trenches and soaking pads are used where sandy or sandy soils predominate - in this case, these systems are a pipeline or a system of pipes for irrigation, installed at a depth of 0.6-0.9 meters, and 1 meter higher than the groundwater level. Systems irrigation - these are perforated pipes installed with a slope of 1 to 3 percent, which is 1-3 cm per 1 m of pipe. The pipes rest on a bedding created from broken bricks, fine gravel, slag or crushed stone. A ventilation riser must be located at the end of each pipe, its height must be at least 0.7 m. Almost one hundred percent cleaning efficiency is achieved through the use of such additional cleaning systems.

Trench for filtration
A filtration trench is installed where the soil has a low filtration capacity. It is a recess with drainage and irrigation pipe networks. Typically, these trenches are placed close to swamps, ditches, or bodies of water. Water that has been treated in a filtration trench flows there by gravity. Crushed stone and sand should fill the space between the drainage and irrigation networks.

The sand gravel filter resembles a filtration trench, with drainage and irrigation pipes arranged in parallel.

An underground filtration field or filtration trench is usually located along a natural slope in the terrain. 12 meters is the recommended limit for the length of one drainage or irrigation network. The slope in the direction of water movement should be 1 percent (that is, 10 millimeters per 1 meter of pipe). When choosing the configuration of the underground filtration field (linear, parallel, radial), one should take into account the general layout, the size of the site, the relief, plans for further landscaping or landscaping.
Uniform distribution of wastewater when using several irrigation or drainage pipes is carried out at the expense of a distribution well.

Parallel pipes are usually made either in separate trenches, or in one wide trench in which 2 or 3 lines of irrigation pipes are installed (it is important to respect the distance between the axes). 1 or 2 drainage pipes are installed at a distance below the irrigation pipes. The filtered water will subsequently be collected in drainage pipes and discharged into a ditch or ravine, etc.

An aftertreatment filter is a device that is used when there are increased requirements for the quality of waste water treatment. The material used as a filter can be crushed granite, sand, granulated blast-furnace slag, gravel, anthracite, polymers or activated carbon.

Calculation of the length of pipes for irrigation (Extract. Sewerage. External networks and structures) SNiP 2.04.03.85

6.190. The total length of the irrigation pipes should be determined depending on the loads presented in Table 49. The length of each of the sprinklers should not exceed 20 meters

Notes:

• load indicators are presented for those areas in which the average annual precipitation is up to 500 millimeters.
• with average annual precipitation ranging from 500 to 600 millimeters, the load values ​​\u200b\u200bshould be reduced by 10-20 percent, but if the average annual rate exceeds 600 millimeters, then a decrease in the load value by 20-30 percent is recommended. For climatic region I and subregion IIIA, the value is reduced by 15 percent. The reduction percentage is greater when considering sandy loamy soils, and less when the terrain consists mainly of sandy soils.
• coarse-grained bedding with a thickness of 20 to 50 centimeters involves the use of coefficients of 1.2-1.5 when considering the load value.
• with a specific water discharge of more than 150 liters per person, the load values ​​​​increase by 20 percent. The same applies to sites with seasonal stay.
• Calculation of the approximate length of pipes for irrigation in underground fields for filtration in accordance with the norms of SNiP 2.04.03-85 “Sewerage. Outdoor structures" taking into account the increase in the coefficient of coarse-grained bedding and the increase in load, if the water discharge rate exceeds 150 liters per person.
• area with precipitation of 70 millimeters
• the use of coarse-grained bedding with a layer of 20 to 50 centimeters (1.5 - coefficient)
• specific water disposal per person is 200 liters (the load increases by 20 percent).

3) Water sources of drinking water and sanitary zones

3.1 Consideration regarding the installation of a sewer systems on the site involves taking into account such a factor as the presence of a water well or a drinking well. In this case, it is necessary to determine the depth of standing water in the well and the depth of the well. Such information will make it possible to approximately determine the depth of the drinking water level in this area.

3.2 When considering the option for water drainage, one should take into account the presence of devices for water intake not only directly on the site, but also in the territories adjacent to it (neighbors, water protection zones). It is necessary to take into account the location of the site in the general scale of the area, as well as to determine the area of ​​adjacent sites.

3.3 If neighbors' plots are located close to the water withdrawal point, then the sanitary zones of neighbors' plots should be taken into account, as well as determine whether they have drinking water intake devices.

3.4 If the site is located in the water protection zone of a fishery reservoir, then this implies additional restrictions on the use of wastewater treatment facilities, as well as their additional disinfection using special equipment. Chlorine cartridges, ultraviolet lamps, ozonation, etc. are used to carry out the disinfection process. At the design stage, all this is coordinated by the supervisory authorities in accordance with the existing scheme within the framework of regulatory documents.

3.5 When performing work on the project, the supervisory authorities agree on the type of facility for treatment, its required indicators and characteristics of the quality of wastewater treatment. All of the above factors are carefully considered, sanitary zones are also defined, and the final point of wastewater discharge is agreed. The most important thing when agreeing on a water discharge point is to take into account the level of protection of the aquifer for drinking water.

4) Technical characteristics of the object.

4.1 Pre-design binding during development autonomous sewerage and installation of treatment facilities, as well as site planning and installation planning, are the first steps. By the time of choosing the type of facility for treatment, it should be understood that the facility itself is not at all some kind of complete complex for water treatment and that it requires the arrangement of engineering networks.
Tying the pipeline to the outlet of the fan pipe from the house is the beginning of calculating the required depths. The pipeline should be laid on a bed of sand with a slope of 2 to 3 percent per meter of pipeline. Such a slope is responsible for ensuring uniform movement of dense inclusions, such as fecal discharge in the general flow of liquid substances, and also prevents the formation of any blockages.
The depth at which the fan pipe is laid is determined by building codes, taking into account the depth of freezing characteristic of the area. You can use additional elements for heating or heaters that are able to maintain temperatures from +2 to +5 degrees. The use of moisture-saturated materials is necessary when installing insulation that could withstand soil loads. Such heaters include energy flex, thermoflex, extruded foam plastic for insulation of foundation structures. The thickness of such insulation depends on the depth of the pipeline.

4.2 Sanitary zones of 5 meters are required for septic tanks, which should be taken into account when planning the site before installing a treatment facility. If the distance increases, then the amount of work also increases, and the junction point of the sewer pipe to the inlet of the treatment facility and the exit point from the treatment facility when using a gravity flow scheme are also deepened. This factor is very important, because a small increase in the depth of the exit from the treatment facility leads to additional difficulties in arranging drainage systems . If there is no possibility to divert purified runoff water from a considerable depth, then the circuit should be converted from gravity (non-pressure) to pressure, and, as a result, a sewer pump and a well for receiving water should be ordered as a set. This factor is of great importance in the presence of a high groundwater level, as a high level can lead to flooding of the treatment plant, making it impossible to use it.
With a large depth of the exit from the treatment facility, the existing slope to the point of lowering the relief should be taken into account.

4.4 When installing a pressure circuit using a sewage pump, the mandatory availability of a permanent power supply should be taken into account. The float switch on the pumping equipment carries out the processes of periodic switching on of the pump as a certain amount of wastewater accumulates and drains into drainage systems .
Cleaning facilities are not 100 percent dependent on electricity, because the cleaning process itself uses technologies that do not require an energy supply. The use of electrically dependent devices is inevitable only when a pressure circuit is used. If there are interruptions in the power supply, the treatment plant has a reserve part for accumulation (a well for receiving water and a biological filter chamber in the respective systems). The volumes of the reserve part of the well and the biological filter are 0.62 m / cu - 1.5 m / cu., which allows residents to use plumbing in the house for quite a long time.

4.5 The dimensions of the site, taking into account the sanitary zones, must be considered when drawing up the installation plan.

4.6 Periodic maintenance is necessary for the correct operation of any type of treatment facility. Systems using a septic tank must be serviced once a year. When using additional bioenzymatic additives, it increases the percentage of wastewater treatment, and also extends the period between maintenance of facilities for cleaning by a sewage machine up to three years.
Due to the fact that the length of the hose of the sewage truck is 7 meters, when planning the layout of the installation of the cleaning facility in such a way that the truck can drive up to a distance of no more than 4-5 meters.
In extreme cases, a transfer pump or sewage pump can be used to pump out the accumulated sediment. In this case, pumping is carried out into the tank of the machine or onto a pile for decay and subsequent use as fertilizer.
The use of the obtained humus without preliminary heat treatment is unacceptable due to the fact that it may contain pathogenic bacteria or helminth eggs.

5) Manufacturer

5.1 In view of the fact that the manufacture of this type of product is a complex technological and production process, this fact should be taken into account when assessing the cost of such equipment and the durability of its operation. Therefore, it is worth excluding consideration of the option of purchasing complex structures made in a handicraft way.
The purchase of equipment from firms that are not specialists in a particular field always leads to additional financial costs.

6) Equipment specifications

6.1 Some of our treatment facilities are made of fiberglass.
The scope of products made of composite materials based on fiberglass when using different types of resins is maximized due to the strength of this material. The strength characteristics of fiberglass are comparable even with metal, and sometimes even surpass it in some indicators, such as corrosion and chemical resistance, specific gravity, etc. Thus, cleaning facilities made of fiberglass are much more convenient to use than equipment made of polyethylene or reinforced concrete.
In fact, polyethylene septic tanks are cheaper than fiberglass, but they require special installation due to their low strength. In such a process, it is necessary to involve the installation of a special reinforced concrete box, which will significantly increase the cost of the equipment and its installation in total. Reinforced concrete has a number of significant drawbacks - it is very heavy, requires the mandatory use of special equipment for transportation and installation, is also leaky and is capable of passing water. Aggressive environments can destroy a reinforced concrete structure.

Therefore, fiberglass is one of the best options, as it meets all the requirements that apply to facilities for cleaning. It is light, strong, durable, and it is these qualities that must be considered when choosing sewer system for a country house.

7) Cost

7.1 The price of our company's products is in the middle compared to other manufacturers of cleaning equipment. It is safe to say that almost all systems Russian-made, made of polyethylene, are cheaper than imported products. We have already explained what are the advantages and disadvantages of polyethylene and fiberglass.

8) Guarantees

8.1 Trademarks Graf and Traidenis provides warranties for treatment facilities - 10 years for the underground part and 3 years for the blower, compressor.

8.2 Work carried out on the installation of cleaning equipment by an organization is guaranteed directly by this organization.

9) Maintenance

9.1 The necessary consultations of our specialists are free of charge. The company provides the necessary support in the selection of the type of treatment facility, which takes place directly at the company's office, where they also provide all the necessary information regarding the treatment facility.

9.2 Our company also informs you about the existence of related organizations that carry out dealer activities, and also provides information about the presence of an authorized representative of the company in your area, performing the entire list of services from the purchase of equipment to its installation.

You should be guided by the Product Passport, as well as the installation and operation manual when considering a possible arrangement scheme in a country house autonomous sewerage .

Activated sludge is sludge found in a biological treatment facility (aerotank) that is formed from solid particles suspended in domestic sewage. A variety of microorganisms (bacteria and protozoa) serve as the basis for activated sludge. The process consists in the decomposition of organic pollutants by bacteria, which in turn are eaten by the simplest unicellular organisms. Activated sludge is an accelerator of the process of purification and oxidation of wastewater.

Anaerobic bacteria are microorganisms that can survive in an environment without oxygen.

Aeration - This is the artificial saturation of the environment in the water with air to oxidize the organic substances in it. Aeration is the basis of the biological wastewater treatment process in aerotanks and biofilters, as well as in other treatment facilities.

Aerobic bacteria are microorganisms that require oxygen to live. Aerobic bacteria are divided into conditional and unconditional (the former can live on a small amount of oxygen, while the latter live without it at all - in this case they receive oxygen from sulfates, nitrates, etc.). Denitrifying bacteria, for example, belong to a species of conditional bacteria.

Aerotank (aero-air, tank-capacity) - This is a container for wastewater treatment from organic contaminants due to their oxidation by various microorganisms that are in activated sludge. With the help of a pneumatic or mechanical aerator, air is introduced into the aeration tank, which mixes the runoff water with activated sludge and saturates it with oxygen necessary for the life of bacteria. A continuous supply of oxygen and a strong saturation of wastewater with activated sludge provide a high degree of intensity of the process of oxidation of organic substances and allow a high degree of purification to be achieved.

Aerofilter - This is a biological wastewater treatment device, which differs from the biofilter in that it has a larger area of ​​​​the filtration layer, and also in that it has an air supply device installed to ensure a high degree of oxidation.

Biological wastewater treatment - This is one of the methods for removing harmful substances and microorganisms from industrial domestic wastewater, based on the ability inherent in microorganisms to use organic pollutants as food.

Biofilter - This is a device for artificial biological wastewater treatment, which is made in the form of a container with a double bottom and coarse-grained material for filtration inside (crushed stone, slag, expanded clay, gravel, etc.). Accumulations of microorganisms form a biological film as a result of passing through the wastewater filter material. Microorganisms mineralize and oxidize organic matter.

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) - This is the amount of oxygen that is needed for the final decomposition of organic matter contained in runoff water. An indicator of the degree of water pollution, which is characterized by the amount of oxygen spent for a specified time on the oxidation of pollutants (5 days - BOD 5), which are contained in one unit of water volume.

Nitrification is the treatment of wastewater from ammonium nitrogen.
Chemical oxygen demand (COD) This is the amount of oxygen required for the final oxidation of the wastewater.

10) Differences from analogues on the market

10.1 No difficulty in use. The installation and operation of Traidenis and GRAF brand cleaning facilities does not require special skills or technical knowledge.

10.2 The reliability of our cleaning systems is also ensured by the fact that cleaning is carried out through the use of natural biological processes, and this is an indisputable advantage over systems that use complex technological solutions in their work.

10.3 Cesspool cars carry out maintenance of treatment systems. With the help of a sewage pump or a transfer pump, pumping is possible if it is impossible to drive the machine to the installation site of the treatment facility.

10.4 There is no need for complex technological solutions due to the fact that the operation does not involve the use of complex devices in the operation of the facility for cleaning and drainage systems treated wastewater during water disposal.

10.5 Wastewater treatment quality:

Water withdrawal:

A septic tank that does not use bioenzymes (up to 50 percent). Maintenance periods after 1 year. Mandatory post-treatment of the soil.
A septic tank that uses bioenzymes (up to 70 percent).

When considering the discharge of water to a closed-type drainage system or storm sewer, it should be taken into account that systems , which are analogous to the systems of our company, do not have hydraulic seals or blockers in their design, without which only 35 percent of wastewater treatment is achieved. The absence of a stable water mirror does not allow such systems to use bioenzymes.

Discharge of treated stagnant water onto land is prohibited for all types of treatment facilities.

Systems post-treatment is a mandatory addition to any water treatment scheme when considering the option of discharging water in a fishery area. For this, sand filters, physical and chemical devices, reagents such as coagulants or flocculants, disinfection with UV lamps, ozonation, chlorine cartridges are used.

Qualified employees of our company will help you make the right choice of system autonomous sewerage and answer all your questions.

Modern autonomous private sewerage system for a country house, cottage or dacha. Selection, description, advice.

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autonomous sewerage for a summer residence admin

Today we will consider the main issues regarding the choice of such installations.

• What are the advantages and disadvantages of aeration plants?
• Is it worth separating "black" and "gray" drains?

The operation of these stations is based on the aerobic process of biological wastewater treatment. In other words, organic matter is decomposed by microorganisms that use atmospheric oxygen for their life, with which the effluents are saturated with the help of a compressor or a drainage pump.

What are the benefits of aeration plants?

• High degree of wastewater treatment, reaching 95-98%. In this connection, VOC manufacturers admit the possibility of diverting purified process water from their facilities to the relief - into a village drainage ditch, ditch, nearby forest, reservoir, etc. This is a significant advantage of VOC over septic tanks that require post-treatment of wastewater in soil filtration facilities (about septic tanks from , and for them we have described in detail in our articles).
• Aeration plants are the best option for autonomous sewerage, when clay soils are in the area - with poor filtering ability. That is, when it is very difficult to arrange filtering facilities. Or when there is simply no place for them on the site. So, the option with a septic tank disappears.
• Aeration units are suitable for areas with heaving soils and high groundwater levels (GWL). Such units are manufactured from plastic - most often from polypropylene or fiberglass - in the factory. Therefore, they have a durable and sealed body, equipped with stiffeners and protruding elements. This allows VOCs to avoid deformation and extrusion to the surface.
• Compared to septic tanks, aeration plants are less likely to have to be cleaned of excess sludge. But you still need to pump it out.

What are the disadvantages of aeration plants?

• Quite high cost, especially quality products.
• The relative complexity of the design: there are moving elements.
• Energy dependence. Although the cost of electricity for the operation of VOCs is relatively small, when the electricity is turned off, the installation quickly ceases to function normally.
• Unstable work, subject to intermittent residence in the house, which means uneven flow of effluents.
• The need to store the installation for the winter if it is not expected to live in the house at this time of the year.
• VOCs require regular service (often 3-4 times a year), which can be a hassle for homeowners.
• Compared to septic tanks, aeration plants are not as “omnivorous”: there are serious restrictions on what can be dumped into the sewer. Most often, it is impossible to dispose of the remains of vegetables and fruits, spoiled food, construction debris, filter rinses, a large amount of drains with chlorine-containing preparations, etc. there. But you can dump toilet paper, kitchen drains and drains from dishwashers or washing machines.

Sergey Shemaev CEO of Septico

During the conservation of the aeration installation for the winter, it is strictly forbidden to pump water out of it, otherwise the station may be deformed or squeezed onto the surface of the earth. To avoid this, always leave the unit filled with clean water.

What is the difference between the installations of different manufacturers?

Two main types of VOCs can be distinguished, depending on whether aeration is carried out using a compressor or a drain pump. There are much more stations of the first type on the market. This is due to the time-tested efficiency of fine bubble aeration provided by the compressor.

Installations of this type are represented by the trademarks Tver, Topas, Astra, Evrolos (PRO series), Eco-Grand, BioDeka, etc. In general terms, the principle of their operation is similar. Drains sequentially pass through several chambers.

First, they settle in the receiving chamber, then they enter the aerotank - a chamber where they are saturated with atmospheric oxygen. Air is supplied through a fine-bubble aerator connected by a tube to a compressor. Thanks to oxygen, there is an intensive reproduction of microorganisms already contained in wastewater. Some models of VOCs are supplemented with bioreactors (loads) that promote the reproduction of these microorganisms. As a result, activated sludge is formed, which destroys the organic compounds present in the wastewater.

Further, the clarified water with sludge particles is sent to another settling tank, where the sludge settles and again enters the aerotank. And the purified water enters the next chamber, from where it is discharged outside the station - by gravity or forcibly, using a pump. Depending on the installation model, the liquid is moved either by airlifts (jet pumps), or combined - by gravity and airlifts. In some VOC models, additional settling chambers are provided, as well as a bioreactor (loading) in a non-aerated chamber. A biofilm of anaerobic microorganisms is formed on the bioreactor. All this is designed to improve the quality of cleaning.

In most stations of this type, the compressor and control unit are located inside the unit itself. This moment causes criticism from opponents of compressor stations. They remind that the possibility of VOC flooding cannot be ruled out. For example, when there is a power outage and the pump stops working, forcibly pumping water out of the installation. Flooding will lead to a breakdown of the compressor and control unit, the replacement of which will cost a lot.

However, in some LOS this problem is solved due to the fact that the compressor is taken out into the house. However, you need to be prepared for the fact that a constantly running compressor will make noise, although not strong. A compromise option is to place the compressor and control unit in an electrical box mounted on a rack located next to the station.

Peter Kukhanovich Head of Sales Department, Trading House "Engineering Equipment"

Placing the compressor of an aeration unit in a dry, heated room has a number of advantages. First, the compressor is not affected by moisture. Secondly, it is unaffected by toxic gases generated in the treatment plant that can corrode the copper parts of the compressor. All this ensures a long service life. Thirdly, a compressor located in a heated room guarantees high-quality wastewater treatment in the winter.The fact is that the biological processes necessary for cleaning proceed at a water temperature not lower than +8°C. If the compressor is outdoors, it will supply cold air to the unit in winter. And therefore, there is a possibility of a decrease in the temperature of the water in it and, as a result, a deterioration in the quality of cleaning. If the compressor is located in the house, then it will only supply warm air, and this problem is excluded. Moreover, when the compressor is located on the street, and in winter there are arrivals in the house and the drains flow unevenly, there is a risk of water freezing in the installation during severe frosts. When the compressor is placed in a heated room, this will not happen.

Aeration plants of the second type are represented on the market by the trademarks Kolo Vesi, Eurolos (BIO series), etc. In such stations, also multi-chamber, wastewater is first clarified and then saturated with oxygen. Saturation occurs due to the fact that the effluent is sprayed by a submersible recirculation drainage pump onto the sprayer, after which it flows through the biofilter with a load. The biofilter is located in the mouth of the installation. It has a large surface area thanks to the voluminous loading elements made of synthetic material. In fact, the biofilter performs the function of a mechanical wastewater aerator. Passing through the biofilter, the effluents are cleaned by microorganisms in the form of activated sludge and biofilm on the feed. Then the effluents are additionally settled and discharged outside the station. All overflows between the chambers of the station are gravity. The control unit is moved outside the LOS.

Among the advantages of such installations are a simpler design compared to the first type of VOC, reliability due to the absence of a compressor, the ability to operate in septic tank mode during a power outage due to the gravity flow of wastewater between the chambers (although in this case, sewage is cleaned much worse). Critics of such stations argue that the efficiency of aeration due to the pump is lower than due to the compressor, which is why the quality of cleaning in "pumping" installations is worse. The manufacturers deny this. At the same time, it can be noted that the market is looking for solutions aimed at improving the aeration of the treated liquid in plants of this type. So, stations have recently appeared where additional aeration is provided due to the ejector.

Konstantin Feldmanhead of the wholesale department of the company "Eurolos"

The new technical solution lies in the fact that the clarified wastewater supplied by the recirculation pump is divided into two streams: the first is sent to the biofilter sprinkler, and the second to the ejector provided in one of the settling chambers. Thanks to the ejector, the amount of oxygen that saturates the water increases. The use of an ejector made it possible to achieve a more stable quality of cleaning, as well as speed up the process of reaching the station's operating mode at startup.

We add that some manufacturers of "pumping" aeration plants recommend adding bioactivators to the water at the initial start-up or after a long downtime of the station to speed up the release of VOCs to the declared mode of operation.

How to determine the required volume of aeration installation?

To determine the required volume of VOC, the following points should be considered:

• Productivity of installation (l/days). It is always indicated in the technical specifications of the VOC.
• The number of people permanently living in the house. The daily norm for water consumption is approximately 200 liters per person (according to SP 30.13330.2012 "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings"). Knowing how many people are in the family, you can calculate the daily volume of wastewater that will need to be diverted to the sewer. Thus, for a family of five permanently residing in the house, an installation with a capacity of about 1000 l / day will be optimal. As a rule, manufacturers allow short-term excess of the volume of effluents by 20-30% per day, for example, when guests come to you for the weekend. But a long-term increase or decrease in the volume of wastewater will lead to a deterioration in the quality of treatment.
• Many installations are critical to volley water discharge. Therefore, often in their characteristics the maximum allowable volume of one-time drains from various plumbing fixtures is indicated.

Often, homeowners want to direct the “black” drains from the toilet to the aeration unit, and dispose of the “gray” drains from the bathroom and kitchen in some other way, for example, to drain directly into the filter well. At the same time, the savings consist in the acquisition of a smaller aeration unit. We do not recommend doing this, since "gray" drains are also dirty, and dumping them into the ground without cleaning means harming the environment. And the filter well will quickly become clogged. In addition, when separating wastewater, the aeration plant will not receive the nutrient medium it needs in the required volume, sludge will not form normally, which means that it will not be able to treat wastewater with high quality.

In we will talk about how to properly position the aeration unit on the site and how to properly mount it. And also we will touch upon the acute question - is it possible to divert water from the aeration installation to the relief?

User Choice 4 The best aerator 5

One of the most important issues when buying a plot, cottage or country house is the availability of communications. And if, as a rule, there are no problems with water or electricity, then central sewerage in the private sector, especially far from the city, is a rarity. And the fastest and most practical solution to this problem is to buy a septic tank.

The two most common types of individual treatment facilities are a non-volatile (autonomous) septic tank and a volatile station. Both types of waste disposal devices use several stages of treatment: mechanical sedimentation of suspended matter, filtration and biological treatment. Self-contained septic tanks use anaerobic bacteria to process waste, which do not need oxygen, but act slowly. In energy-dependent devices, biological filtration occurs with the help of more active aerobic microorganisms that require the use of aerators. But the level of purification in such septic tanks reaches 98%.

The choice of the optimal model of the cleaning device depends on several factors:

1. Required performance. For one person, the volume of wastewater is usually laid equal to 150 - 200 liters per day.
2. Availability of electricity on site.
3. Plot size. Autonomous septic tanks require a larger area, as they are equipped with additional ground filtration fields.
4. Ground water level. High GWL may require the use of additional engineering solutions.
5. Soil composition. For areas with hard rocks, it is better to use horizontal septic tanks, since they require a shallower pit.

Our review contains models of septic tanks with the best technical and operational characteristics. When compiling the rating, the following were taken into account:

• recommendations of civil engineers;
• feedback from users who have installed specific models of cleaning devices in their area;
• value for money septic tanks.

Useful video - how to choose the right septic tank

The best budget septic tanks for summer cottages

Septic tanks for installation in a summer cottage are small and relatively cheap. As a rule, these are simple stand-alone models that act as a sump and are connected to an additional filtration system. They have an extremely simple one-piece design, a low level of productivity, and are also unpretentious in maintenance.

4 TANK-1

Excellent price/performance ratio
Country Russia
Average price: 19,500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.6

Tank-1 is the youngest model in the line of non-volatile septic tanks Triton Plastic. Its design is simplified to the limit: there are only two chambers: coarse primary treatment and secondary biological treatment. But, nevertheless, this small septic tank, capable of treating up to 600 liters of wastewater per day, has all the advantages inherent in the more expensive models of the company: it has a horizontal layout and a durable one-piece cast body with special stiffeners, which increases the service life and eliminates the penetration of soil water into the interior of the structure.

This compact model is ideal for installation in the country and is designed for use by two or three people. The level of wastewater treatment for this septic tank is 75 - 80%, therefore, it is recommended to use a special infiltrator in which additional treatment takes place with it. Buyers note the compact dimensions of the septic tank, easy installation and trouble-free operation. However, you still have to clean the chambers from sediment once every few years.

3 Termite Profi 1.2

The strongest container
Country Russia
Average price: 23,500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.6

This miniature vertical septic tank can serve no more than two people. The degree of wastewater treatment reaches 85%. Due to its small weight - only 80 kg, Termit Profi 1.2 is easily transported and mounted. This is a great option for a small country house or a free-standing bath. An additional advantage is that the wall thickness of the Termit Profi 1.2 tank reaches 20 mm, and the shape of the body is specially designed for optimal operation under load.

According to user reviews, this septic tank is easy to install and maintain. Experienced summer residents recommend that it is imperative to sprinkle the container with sand cement to increase the service life of the structure. Among the disadvantages is the impossibility of using this septic tank with a high level of groundwater on the site.

2 MICROB 450

Best price
Country Russia
Average price: 12,400 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

For a dacha that is visited by 1-2 people, a guest house or a change house for the period of building a house, the best option would be a budget septic tank Microb 450. Its capacity is 150 liters per day, and its weight is only 35 kg. Of course, to install it, you will need to make a sand cushion, and apply a layer of insulation on top, since its wall thickness is small. But this septic tank can be installed in areas with any level of groundwater - of course, with the implementation of the manufacturer's design recommendations.

Customers especially like the device's reasonable price and easy installation. Of course, for a country house you will need a septic tank with a larger capacity, but for periodic trips to the country and with a limited budget, Microb 450 is ideal.

As mentioned above, septic tanks are divided into autonomous and volatile. What is their peculiarity, what are the strengths and weaknesses - we learn from the detailed comparison table:

Type of septic tank	pros	Minuses
Autonomous	Low, compared to a volatile septic tank, cost Generally higher reliability Does not depend on power supply Does not create additional energy costs	– The need for underground filtration of wastewater – In some cases, it does not isolate the surrounding space from a fetid odor – Gradual accumulation of sludge requires periodic pumping – The need to equip access roads for a sewage truck
volatile	No sediment buildup The ability to take the septic tank to a third-party place, there is no need to equip an access road Complete isolation from unpleasant odors Installation of filtration fields is not required (for soil treatment of runoff)	– Compared to stand-alone models, higher price – Dependence on electricity and, as a result, significant additional costs – The presence of a larger number of constituent elements reduces the theoretical reliability

1 Rostok Mini

Stable performance in all conditions
Country Russia
Average price: 24,120 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.9

Inexpensive autonomous septic tank for a small country house. According to user reviews, due to the small volume (1000 liters) and the lightness of the design (total weight is 65 kilograms), installation does not cause much difficulty. The filtration capacity is 200 liters per day - this is not much, but the septic tank is designed for one or two users. The Rostok Mini copes well with the assigned functions, it requires pumping out once or twice a year (provided that all the supplies and the system are in good order). A very good option for equipping a summer house or a house, which will not hit the pockets of potential consumers hard.

Advantages:

• seamless durable and lightweight (65 kilograms) plastic case;
• the presence of additional stiffeners to give structural strength;
• completely blocks unpleasant odors;
• low, but stable performance;
• does not require frequent maintenance;
• attractive price.

Disadvantages:

• for its price category - no.

The best volatile septic tanks

Treatment stations, whose biological filters are populated with aerobic microorganisms, are the most technically advanced version of septic tanks. They produce 98% purified water at the outlet - it can be used for irrigation, other technical needs, or discharged directly into the ground. Cleaning the tanks from silt is needed every couple of years, and the organic sediment itself is an excellent fertilizer for plants on the site. Since the drains do not need additional ground filtration, the structure takes up a minimum of space.

The main disadvantage of such systems is the need for electricity. As part of the aerobic system, there is always an aerator-compressor that saturates the liquid with oxygen necessary for the vital activity of bacteria. It is this fact that explains the higher cost of volatile stations - both during purchase and installation, and during operation.

5 ERGOBOX 4

Optimal price-quality ratio
Country Russia
Average price: 60,900 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.7

The body of this treatment plant is manufactured using rotational molding technology, which guarantees the absence of seams and uniform thickness of the material. As part of the septic tank, Japanese compressors and German pumps are used in order to ensure the smooth operation of the entire system. In case of loss of power supply, the station can operate normally for two days, after which it switches to the mode of an autonomous septic tank with an anaerobic filter.

Users note, first of all, the excellent value for money of this model. With a capacity of 800 liters, it consumes only 1.5 kW per day and provides a volume of water disposal sufficient for the permanent residence of 4 people. You can choose either a gravity-fed installation or a forced discharge option for areas with a high groundwater level.

4 Tver-0.5P

The best aerator
Country Russia
Average price: 75,000 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.7

The service life of this septic tank declared by the manufacturer is 50 years. This becomes possible due to the fact that a special structural plastic is used for casting the body, and the compressor equipment is made in Japan. The degree of water purification in this line of treatment facilities reaches 98%, which eliminates the need for additional soil filters.

The maximum productivity of the equipment is 500 liters per day, so Tver-0.5P can be recommended for a dacha or a country house with permanent residence of 2-3 people. Customer reviews are almost the same: the device does its job perfectly, there are no smells and noise, and periodic maintenance is required only once a year. The only drawback is the high price with relatively low performance.

3 Unilos Astra 5

User Choice
Country Russia
Average price: 76,000 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

One of the most famous septic tank models on the domestic market, which does not have a single visible weak point. If you do not take into account the price level, then the fifth Astra fully meets the requirements of a premium class product (if this is acceptable in this case). The system is based on a very fine filtering effect on the incoming wastewater - thanks to aerobic and anaerobic filters, it is possible to achieve almost 100% of the purification rate. Thus, up to one cubic meter of wastewater is processed per day, which is a normal average value. The input of the drain pipe can be organized at heights from 0.6 to 1.2 meters relative to the ground level, which greatly simplifies the installation of the tank.

Advantages:

• high degree of aerobic and anaerobic purification (98%);
• reliable container body;
• good throughput (filtration up to one cubic meter of wastewater per day).

2 Eco-Grand 15 (Poplar)

Best processing ability
Country Russia
Average price: 148,230 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

An overall volatile septic tank, ideal for equipping large country houses. Except that the tank weighs 380 kilograms, there are no problems with installation. And in terms of performance, everything is very good: the entire volume of the septic tank is divided into four compartments, two of which are equipped with aerators. After the effluents enter the receiving chamber (volley ejection can reach 450 liters), due to aeration, the solid fractions begin to decompose.

In a separate compartment under the controls there is a compressor for pumping wastewater through the system. By the way, the latter consumes a total of up to 2.8 kilowatts of energy per day - a little, but a decent amount accumulates over a long time of operation.

Advantages:

• active filtration and aeration of incoming wastewater;
• good performance (1.8-2.0 cubic meters of wastewater per day);
• capacity equal to six cubic meters.

Disadvantages:

• high price;
• increased power consumption.

1 TOPAS 8

The most economical model
Country Russia
Average price: 99,875 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.9

One of the most economical energy-dependent septic tanks available to a wide range of consumers. Putting such a tank in the country is not entirely justified - it is much better suited to a small country house. The convenience of manual installation (as in stand-alone models) is no longer provided here - the entire structure weighs nearly 350 kilograms. Thanks to the installed filters, it does not require cleaning, it well limits unpleasant odors, and also filters up to 1.5 cubic meters of wastewater per day. According to users, the cost of power supply is noticeable, but much less than that of competitors and older models of this series - the septic tank consumes only 1.5 kilowatts per day.

Advantages:

• popularity among users;
• low power consumption;
• high efficiency filtration;
• reliable case;
• ease of operation and low maintenance requirements.

Disadvantages:

• not detected.

The best autonomous septic tanks

Autonomous septic tanks that do not require an electrical connection are the best option for a summer cottage or a country house in a remote area where there are problems with electricity. Their design does not contain moving mechanical parts, so they are simple, reliable and will perform their functions in any case.

Of course, there are also disadvantages - lower productivity, worse level of effluent clarification. The best models provide no more than 85% purification, and, therefore, the water needs additional filtration. There are several ways - drainage fields, infiltrators, filtration wells - and all of them mean additional cash costs and reduce the usable area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe site. However, for houses with periodic residence, such structures may be more preferable, since they do not consume electricity and can be easily mothballed if necessary.

3 Uponor Sako

Good quality plastic
The country: Sweden/Finland (made in Russia)
Average price: RUB 67,575
Rating (2019): 4.7

The Scandinavian concern for the production of serious household equipment has quite successfully entered the Russian market. The domestic branch has launched the production of autonomous Uponor Sako septic tanks, suitable for installation both in a private house and in a summer cottage. In general, the system is not bad: it reliably retains unpleasant odors, filters wastewater without problems (but not perfect), and also does not impose high maintenance requirements. The problem area, judging by the feedback from users, is the extreme intolerance to the removal of rain and drainage water to the local treatment system. Why this is so is a matter of intense debate. But the fact that this is an obvious minus is supported by all and unanimously.

Advantages:

• good standard filtration efficiency;
• quality body materials.

Disadvantages:

• rainwater or drainage water entering the treatment system leads to a deterioration in filtering capacity.

2 Termite Profi 3.0

Maximum degree of cleaning in the class
Country Russia
Average price: 49,100 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.7

The performance of this model, which uses the principle of anaerobic clarification of wastewater, is 1200 liters per day. At the same time, the level of purification reaches 85%, which allows minimizing the area of ​​the final soil filtration. Such a septic tank with a sufficient supply provides permanent residence for six people. The tank is flushed only once a year, while the structure is completely autonomous.

According to user reviews, the septic tank fully complies with the characteristics declared by the manufacturers, is reliable and practical. It is especially convenient to use it for seasonal living: mothballing it for the winter and then putting it back into operation is not a problem. The disadvantages include a rather complicated installation procedure.

1 Triton-ED-3500 Horizontal

Profitable price
Country Russia
Average price: 43,500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

This is a relatively inexpensive option for a cleaning system for a summer house or a country house, where there are significant problems with the power supply. Productivity of model - 700 liters a day that provides requirements of 4 - 6 people. At the same time, the septic tank does not require an electrical connection, and the sludge can be pumped out once a year. Of course, in order for the water discharged into the ground to be sufficiently purified, it will be necessary to additionally apply a drainage field or an infiltrator.

Buyers especially like the horizontal layout of the septic tank, which allows you to limit the depth of the pit, as well as its independence from the mains. The disadvantages of the device are that it must be placed away from living quarters, since it is not possible to completely get rid of odors. This treatment plant is especially well suited for a country house in which a family of 2-3 people lives, but guests periodically come.