Organization of repair of heating equipment.
INTRODUCTION
Introduction……………………………………………………….…….……3
1. Short story study of the soils of Belarus……………………..5
2. Factors of soil formation on the territory of Belarus................ 10
2.1. Climate……….………………………………………………….…….10
2.2. Relief……………………………………………………...……….…14
2.3. Soil-forming rocks……………………………….…….……21
2.4. Waters …………………………………………………………………..23
2.5. Vegetation and animal world ………….………………………..26
2.6. Time …………………………………………………………...…….33
2.7. Anthropogenic factor ……………………………………………..35
3. Processes of soil formation.....……………………………….…....39
4. Classification and systematics of soils in Belarus…………....…...…44
4.1. Classification, nomenclature and diagnostic features ....... 44
4.2. Characteristics of the genetic types of soils in Belarus ……………….50
5. Soil-geographical zoning of the territory of Belarus 89 5.1. Principles and scheme of soil-geographical zoning ...... 89
5.3. Characteristics of soil-geographical provinces ……….....…97
6. Structure of the soil cover in Belarus…………….……….....118
7. Status and ways to improve the soils of Belarus………………….…125
7.1. Soil fertility in Belarus ………………………………..………...125
7.2. Soil protection from erosion …………………………………....………….145
7.3. Soil reclamation ……………………………..….…………………..165
7.4. Soil-ecological zoning ………………………..…168
7.5. Soil protection from pollution ……………………..……...………..….168
8. Land resources of Belarus……...………………..……....……...175
Literature………………………………………….…………………..184
innovative educational program
St. Petersburg State Polytechnic
University
V.M. Borovkov A.A. Kalyutik V.V. Sergeev
REPAIR OF HEAT ENGINEERING
EQUIPMENT AND HEAT NETWORKS
St. Petersburg
Polytechnic University Press
Introduction……………………………………………………….….……….. 6
1. Organization and planning of repairs of heat engineering
equipment………………………………………………………………. 8
1.1. Types of repairs and their planning……………………………… 8
1.2. Organization of repairs heating equipment……. 11
1.3. Acceptance of equipment after repair……………………….... 14
2. Repair of boiler plants……………………………..…………. 17
2.1. Preparation and organization of repairs………………………….… 17
2.2. Equipment, tools and means of mechanization
repair work……………………………………………..…. 20
2.2.1. metal scaffolding And lifting devices…………. 20
2.2.2. Rigging work, machines, equipment
and accessories…………………………………………………… 27
2.3. Bringing the boiler into repair…………………………………………… 36
2.4. Repair of boiler elements……………………………….. 38
2.4.1. Damage pipe system boiler…………….……. 38
2.4.2. Replacement of damaged pipes and coils……………..… 40
2.4.3. Repair of pipes at the installation site……………………….... 43
2.4.4. Repair of rolling joints……………...………. 47
2.4.5. Repair of pipe and coil fixings……………………. 49
2.4.6. Damage and repair of low boiler drums
and average pressure……………………………..………. 53
2.4.7. Boiler drum repair high pressure…………. 56
2.4.8. Repair of cast iron economizers…………………….…. 60
2.4.9. Damage and repair of tubular air
heaters……...…………………………….……… 61
2.4.10. Repair of burners and nozzles……………………………. 64
2.5. Final boiler repairs……………………. 66
2.5.1. Boiler preparation for post-repair tests……. 66
2.5.2. Hydraulic test boiler after repair……… 67
2.5.3. Testing the boiler for steam density…………….. 68
3. Repair of rotating mechanisms…………………….…………… 70
3.1. Repair of assembly units of rotating mechanisms……... 70
3.1.1. Repair of press connections………………………….. 70
3.1.2. Repair of coupling halves………………………………………… 75
3.1.3. Repair of gears……………………...………… 79
3.1.4. Repair of worm gears……………..……………….. 80
3.1.5. Repair of plain bearings………………..…….. 82
3.1.6. Repair of rolling bearings………………………..…. 89
3.1.7. Shaft Alignment…………………………………………….. 93
3.2. Repair of smoke exhausters and fans…………………………….. 99
3.3. Repair of dust preparation equipment………………..…. 106
3.3.1. Repair of coal grinding ball drums
mills…………………………………………………….. 106
3.3.2. Repair of hammer mills…………………………... 114
3.3.3. Repair of fuel feeders………………….………….. 118
3.3.4. Repair of dust feeders……………………...…………. 122
3.3.5. Repair of separators and cyclones…………..…………… 125
3.4. Repair of pumps………………………………………..……….. 128
4. Repair of heating networks and heat-consuming equipment.. 139
4.1. Damage to heat networks…………………………….…… 139
4.2. Types of repairs of heating networks…………………………….…. 142
4.2.1. Current repair of heating networks……………………… 146
4.2.2. Overhaul of heating networks……………….… 147
4.2.3. Repair planning…………………………………. 150
4.2.4. Repair documentation………………………………. 151
4.3. Organization of repair of heating networks………….……………. 156
4.3.1. Features of the production of work during the repair of heating
industrial networks……………………………………………… 156
4.3.2. Organization of labor…………………………………….... 158
4.4. Work performed during the repair of heating networks………… 160
4.4.1. Excavation……………………………………….. 160
4.4.2. Welding and installation works………………………….. 171
4.4.3. Installation work when replacing pipelines
heating networks…………………..……………………… 186
4.4.4. Testing and flushing of heat pipelines……………….. 200
4.4. Commissioning and commissioning of heating networks……...…… 203
4.5. Repair of heating points………………………………….….. 208
4.5.1. Maintenance heating point……………………. 208
4.5.2. Overhaul of a heating point…………….… 214
4.6. Safety regulations for the repair of thermal
networks and heat-consuming equipment……………..…. 231
Bibliographic list…………………………….………………. 239
INTRODUCTION
At present, due to the rapid development of the economy of the Russian Federation, there is a significant increase in the volume of heat consumption by industrial enterprises and the housing and communal complex for technological needs, heating, ventilation and hot water supply. In this regard, increasing the reliability and efficiency of the operation of heat engineering equipment that generates and consumes thermal energy, is one of the most important technical and economic tasks.
The heat engineering equipment of industrial enterprises consists of steam, water heating and combined steam and water heating boiler plants, heating networks and heat-consuming equipment for various purposes, whose trouble-free operation largely depends on its timely withdrawal for repair and the quality of the repair.
Repair of heat engineering equipment is a complex technological process in which a large number of technical staff and different kinds special repair equipment. In this regard, improving the efficiency and quality of repairs, the development of new forms of organization Maintenance and repair, regulatory and technical and technological documentation for repairs, as well as the maintainability of new heating equipment, have essential for industrial enterprises.
Modern heat engineering equipment is distinguished by great diversity, a wide range of repair work performed, the complex dependence of some types of work on others, which imposes significant requirements on the qualifications of repair personnel.
long time The main sources filling the gap in the educational literature for students on the repair of heat engineering equipment and heating networks were articles in periodicals, instructional and informational materials from various ministries and departments. In this manual, an attempt is made to summarize all the available material in this area of knowledge and present it in a simple and accessible form, corresponding to the level of theoretical and general technical training of students. However, the material of the manual is not comprehensive, and for a more in-depth study of certain sections, the student can refer to the recommended literature. This is also for the reason that the methods of repairing heat engineering equipment and heating networks are constantly changing and improving.
1. ORGANIZATION AND PLANNING
REPAIRS OF HEAT ENGINEERING
EQUIPMENT
TYPES OF REPAIRS AND THEIR PLANNING
The reliability and efficiency of the operation of heat engineering equipment largely depends on the timely withdrawal for repair and the quality of the repair work carried out. The system of planned withdrawals of equipment from the technological process is called preventive maintenance (PPR). In each workshop, a system of scheduled preventive repairs should be developed, which are carried out in accordance with a specific schedule approved by the chief engineer of the enterprise. In addition to scheduled repairs to eliminate accidents during the operation of heat engineering equipment, restoration repairs are carried out.
The system of preventive maintenance of heat engineering equipment includes current and major repairs. Current repairs are carried out at the expense of working capital, and capital - at the expense of depreciation charges. Restorative repairs are carried out at the expense of the company's insurance fund.
The main goal of the current repair is to provide reliable operation equipment with design capacity during the overhaul period. During the current repair of equipment, it is cleaned and inspected, partial disassembly assemblies with rapidly wearing parts, the resource of which does not ensure reliability in the subsequent period of operation, repair or replacement of individual parts, elimination of defects identified during operation, making sketches or checking drawings for spare parts, drawing up a preliminary list of defects.
The current repair of boiler units should be carried out once every 3-4 months. The current repair of heating networks is carried out at least once a year.
Minor defects in heat engineering equipment (vapor, dusting, air suction, etc.) are eliminated without stopping it, if this is permitted by safety regulations.
The duration of the current repair for boilers with a pressure of up to 4 MPa is on average 8–10 days.
The main purpose of equipment overhaul is to ensure the reliability and efficiency of its operation during the autumn-winter maximum. During a major overhaul, external and internal inspection of the equipment, cleaning of its heating surfaces and determining the degree of their wear, replacement and restoration of worn components and parts are carried out. Simultaneously with major repairs, work is usually carried out to improve equipment, modernize and normalize parts and assemblies. Overhaul of boiler units is carried out once every 1–2 years. Simultaneously with the boiler unit, it is repaired auxiliary equipment, measuring instruments and automatic control system.
In thermal networks operating without interruption, major repairs are carried out once every 2-3 years.
Unscheduled (restorative) repairs are carried out to eliminate accidents in which individual components and parts are damaged. An analysis of equipment damage that necessitates unscheduled repairs shows that they are usually caused by equipment overload, improper operation, as well as low quality scheduled repairs.
During a typical overhaul of boiler units, following works:
Complete external inspection of the boiler and its pipelines at operating pressure;
Complete internal inspection of the boiler after its shutdown and de-cooling;
Checking the outer diameters of pipes of all heating surfaces with the replacement of defective ones;
Flushing superheater pipes, superheat regulators, samplers, coolers, etc.;
Checking the condition and repair of the boiler fittings and the main steam pipeline;
Checking and repairing the mechanisms of layered furnaces (fuel feeder, pneumo-mechanical thrower, chain grate);
Inspection and repair of mechanisms of chamber furnaces (fuel feeder, mills, burners);
Checking and repairing the boiler lining, fittings and devices designed to clean the external heating surfaces;
Pressure testing of the air path and air heater, repair of the air heater without replacing cubes;
Pressure testing of the gas path of the boiler and its sealing;
Checking the condition and repair of draft devices and their axial guide vanes;
Inspection and repair of ash collectors and devices designed to remove ash;
External and internal cleaning of heating surfaces of drums and collectors;
Inspection and repair of the ash-ash removal system within the boiler;
Checking the condition and repairing the thermal insulation of hot boiler surfaces.
Planning repairs of heating equipment industrial enterprise is to develop long-term, annual and monthly plans. Annual and monthly plans for current and major repairs are drawn up by the department of the chief power engineer (chief mechanic) and approved by the chief engineer of the enterprise.
When planning a PPR, one should provide for the duration of the repair, the rational distribution of work, the determination of the number of personnel in general and according to the specialties of the workers. Planning for the repair of heat engineering equipment should be linked to the repair plan for process equipment and its mode of operation. So, for example, overhaul of boiler units should be carried out in summer period, but Maintenance- during periods of low loads.
Equipment repair planning should be based on a network model, which includes network graphs drawn up for specific equipment to be repaired. The network diagram displays the technological process of repair and contains information about the progress of repair work. network graphics allow with least cost materials and labor to carry out repairs, reducing equipment downtime.
3.2. The organization, no later than three days after the end of the investigation, sends the materials of the investigation of accidents to the Federal Supervision Authority and its territorial body that conducted the investigation, the relevant bodies (organizations), whose representatives took part in the investigation of the causes of the accident, the territorial association of trade unions, the prosecutor's office at the location of the organization.
3.3. Based on the results of the investigation of the accident, the head of the organization issues an order providing for the implementation of appropriate measures to eliminate the causes and consequences of the accident and ensure accident-free and stable operation of production, as well as to bring to justice those who violated safety rules.
3.4. The head of the organization submits written information on the implementation of the measures proposed by the accident investigation commission to the organizations whose representatives participated in the investigation. The information shall be submitted within ten days after the completion of the deadlines for the implementation of measures proposed by the accident investigation commission.
3. Characteristics of the organization (object, site) and the place of the accident.
In this section, along with data on the time of commissioning of a hazardous production facility, its location, it is necessary to provide design data and the actual implementation of the project; give an opinion on the state of the hazardous production facility before the accident; mode of operation of the object (equipment) before the accident (approved, actual, design); indicate whether there have been similar accidents at this site (object) before; reflect how the license requirements and conditions, the provisions of the safety declaration were observed.
4. Qualification of service personnel of specialists, responsible persons involved in the accident (where and when he was trained and instructed in safety, knowledge testing in the qualification commission).
5. Circumstances of the accident.
Give a description of the circumstances of the accident and the scenario of its development, information about the victims, indicate what factors led to emergency and its consequences, how the technological process and the labor process proceeded, describe the actions of the attendants and officials, and outline the sequence of events.
6. Technical and organizational causes of the accident.
Based on the study technical documentation, inspection of the accident site, interviewing eyewitnesses and officials, expert opinion, the commission draws conclusions about the causes of the accident.
7. Measures to eliminate the causes of the accident.
Outline measures to eliminate the consequences of the accident and prevent such accidents, the deadlines for the implementation of measures to eliminate the causes of accidents.
8. Conclusion on the persons responsible for the accident.
This section identifies the persons responsible for their actions or omissions that led to the accident. Specify what requirements normative documents not performed or violated by this person, the performer of the work.
9. Economic damage from the accident.
The investigation was carried out and the act was drawn up:
_____________________________
(day month Year)
Appendix: investigation material on _______ sheets.
Chairman________________
Commission members.
Annex 10
List of accepted abbreviations
VL- overhead power lines
GOST- state standard
ESKD– Unified system of design documentation
K, KR– overhaul
I&C– instrumentation and automation
CL– cable lines
MTS– logistics
NTD– regulatory and technical documentation
OGM- department of the chief mechanic
OGE- department of chief power engineer
UCP- department of the chief instrumentalist
OKOF- all-Russian classifier of fixed assets
PBU- accounting position
MPC- maximum permissible concentration
PPB– rules of industrial (production) safety
PPR– scheduled preventive maintenance
PTE– rules of technical operation
PUE- rules for the installation of electrical installations
R- repair
RZA– relay protection and automation
SNiP– building codes and rules System
PPR EO– system of preventive maintenance of power equipment
T, TR- Maintenance
TD– technical diagnostics
THEN- Maintenance
THAT– specifications
CHP– combined heat and power plant
Work cassette units consists of the following steps:
1. Cleaning, lubrication, reinforcement (by section)
3. Laying and compacting the concrete mixture.
5. Demoulding (by section)
Separating sheets are cleaned to a metallic sheen after 30-40 revolutions.
Advantages of cassette production.
1. A small open surface on top (only 1.5-6%) allows you to get even, smooth other surfaces and makes it possible to abandon the textured layer.
2. There is no need for vibration platforms, steaming chambers, bulky concrete pavers;
3. Can produce a large range of products and get more accurate dimensions;
4. Reduction of production areas;
5. Less mounting hardware required.
6. Use of any kind of coolant.
Disadvantages:
1. High metal consumption
2. The complexity of cleaning, lubrication, automation.
3. Highly mobile betas are required. mixture (o.k. = 10-14cm), and hence increased consumption cement.
4. Periodicity of work
5. Require more qualified service.
Photo
T.V.O mode schedule
Types of malfunctions in the operation of heating equipment and methods for their elimination
| Depressurization in thermal networks | |
| Corrosion holes in steel steam lines, holes | Absence corrosion protection |
| Cracks in welding | Defects in welding, structures, thermal stresses of pipelines |
| Mechanical damage to pipes | Freezing of condensate, crumpling, shock |
| Breaks in rubber durite hoses | Mechanical damage, aging of materials |
| Loose fit rubber hose on the branch pipe | Lack of clamps, diameter discrepancy |
| Leaks in flange connections | Gasket defects, aging, undertightening of bolts |
| Leaks in threaded connections | Seal defects |
| Leaks in valve seals | Omentum aging, defects |
| Unplugged openings in the network | |
| Loose fit of the valve in the valve seat | erosion, corrosion, pollution, poor quality repair |
| Malfunctions and unreliable operation of steam traps | Lack of regulation of steam pressure, use of pot types that do not correspond to actual pressure differences, failure to repair, breakage |
| Leaks in thermoforms | |
| Openings for temperature measurement | Missing or missing plugs |
| Non-adjustable condensate drain holes | Lack of retaining washers, valves, excessive big holes |
| Cracks in the casing of molds at the vibrator support | Design imperfection, weakened welding of elements |
| Cracks and gaps at the junctions of form elements | Design imperfections, impacts, thermal stresses, corrosion |
| Slots in the doors of niches for concrete control cubes | Imperfect seal design |
| Corrosion holes in molds | Lack of anti-corrosion protection |
Reserves of thermal equipment
In the domestic industry, one of the significant consumers of fuel and energy is construction, and among its branches are prefabricated reinforced concrete enterprises, of which there are several thousand in the country. Almost in any production there are real reserves of savings. energy. If these reserves are identified and more rationally organized technological processes, then consumption energy can be reduced by at least 1.5 times. This will give national economy countries a huge economic impact.
The production of precast concrete is one of the energy-intensive industries building materials. For 1 m 3 of prefabricated reinforced concrete, on average, more than 90 kg of reference fuel is consumed. Up to 70% of the heat goes to the heat treatment of products. The thermal efficiency of precast concrete production can be significantly improved by following directions:
Downgrade heat loss associated with the unsatisfactory state of heating networks, stop valves and steam flow controls.
· It is necessary to pay great attention to the utilization of heat energy in precast concrete enterprises. The main sources of secondary energy resources are the heat of gases leaving after the boilers. In addition, the heat of the discharged condensate, which appears after the accelerated hardening plants, the heat of the circulating water, which is formed after the compressor stations, technological equipment, machine tools of reinforcing shops. Concerning specific gravity secondary energy resources, it reaches 20% of the total plant heat energy consumption. Saving heat energy from the heat of flue gases is 8-10% of the total plant heat consumption. Low-grade heat of condensate and circulating water temperature of 50°С, can be used for ventilation, heating and hot water supply of the enterprise.
· To ensure uniform heating of the steam compartments over their entire plane, it is necessary to ensure the circulation of the steam-air mixture in the steam compartment. For these purposes, an ejector supply of steam to the steam compartment is used.
· To increase the efficiency of the ejector heat supply scheme, it is supplemented with horizontal diaphragms in the steam compartments. The diaphragms are mounted so that the section of the cavities of the steam jacket decreases evenly in the direction of steam movement. Thanks to this design of the cavities, a directed flow is created and a constant steam velocity is ensured, and, consequently, its uniform heat transfer.
· Use of a 2-sided scheme for supplying steam to the thermal compartments of the cassette. This scheme consists of 2 steam distribution manifolds, one condensate collection manifold and a tubular water seal. Steam is supplied to the steam compartments by means of expanding Laval nozzles.
Use of additives of superplatifiers.
· Application of concrete mixes preheated to t=50-60 0 С.
· Application of repeated vibration (during the 1st hour of heating every 15 minutes, including vibrators for 0.5-1 minutes).
Application of 2-stage TO
a) The 1st stage is carried out in a cassette - heating and isothermal exposure (1 + 2.5-3 + 1.5 h)
b) the second stage - in the ripening chambers (at t \u003d 60-80 0 -4 hours)
· To speed up cooling, cold water can be supplied to the thermal compartments.
6. The use of electric heating, in which the heat treatment is 4-6 hours, with steam heating - 8-10 hours.
Safety precautions when working with heat engineering
Equipment
The condition of the steam pipelines must comply with the requirements of the Rules for the Construction and safe operation steam and hot water pipelines.
Steam is brought to the special mold compartments with a connection that provides safe access to the mold nodes. Condensate from special molds should be discharged into a separate condensate line. Condensate traps or other locking devices that prevent the free exit of the steam-air mixture from the steam jackets must not be installed on the condensate pipeline. Heat compartments can be disconnected from the condensate pipeline only for the period of repair work. Platforms for maintenance of special forms are installed on a separate foundation. When concrete is supplied by a bunker, the dimensions of the site should provide the molder-slinger with the opportunity, if necessary, to move away from the bunker to a safe distance.
Service platforms located at a height of more than 1 m should be protected with railings at least 1 m high. Ladders for servicing platforms should be permanent metal, with a slope of not more than 60 ° and equipped with railings. The flooring of the platforms and steps of the stairs must be corrugated. When carrying out work inside the mold, the steam must be turned off, and the temperature of the mold walls should not exceed 40 ° C.
The worker, being at the bottom of the form during manual cleaning, must wear rubber gloves, goggles and, if necessary, a respirator.
When applying lubricant under pressure, the sprayer must be equipped with a handle 1.8-2.0 m long. The worker must be outside the mold and apply lubricant from top to bottom.
After lubrication is complete, the maintenance platform and ladder must be dry to remove traces of grease.
It is forbidden to smoke and perform welding work during mold lubrication and inside the mold with lubricated surfaces.
During installation reinforcing cages and grids inside the form, it is necessary: to lower the frames only in the absence of people inside the form; securely fasten frames, meshes and embedded parts until the worker is lowered into the mold.
If the height of the form is more than 1 m, it is possible to descend into it only by a securely installed or fixed ladder-ladder.
Before installing the core or other parts, make sure that there are no people or foreign objects in the form. When feeding the mold core, reinforcement cages, concrete hopper or other loads, the molder must operate the crane from a safe location near the machine. Climbing to the platform to guide the core or load is allowed only after lowering it to a height of not more than 1 m above the installation site. The molder is forbidden to be on the site during the supply or lowering of the load, if it is at a height of more than 1 m.
It is forbidden to turn on the vibrators while the molder is on the mold to control the supply of concrete or to perform other work.
Only the person in charge of the heat treatment cycle of the products may open and close the valves for feeding into the molds after all work has been completed.
When turning on the steam, a poster "Caution, the form is under steam" must be installed.
The steam compartments of the molds must not let steam through. If there is a gap, the steam must be turned off immediately and the problem repaired.
It is forbidden to touch the steam chambers of the form during the heat treatment.
Before stripping the product, removable or openable parts of the mold must be opened or removed.
After slinging the core or product during stripping, the molder must move away from the mold to a safe distance and give a command to lift. When rising to a height of not more than 1 m above the site, the molder must leave the site and control further movement from the floor, workshop or site of the landfill.
Literature
1. Peregudov V.V., "Heat engineering and heat engineering equipment", Moscow:
Stroyizdat, 1990 - 336s.
2. Nikiforova N.M., "Heat engineering and heat engineering equipment of enterprises in the industry of building materials and products", M .: Higher School, 1981 - 271s.
3. Lapkin M.Yu. Labor protection in the manufacture of reinforced concrete products. – Kiev: Budivelnik, 1981. - 60s.
3 ..1.2.
ORGANIZATION OF REPAIRS OF HEAT ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT
Currently, three forms of organizing the repair of heat engineering equipment are used: economic, centralized and mixed.
In the economic form of organizing the repair of equipment, all work is carried out by the personnel of the enterprise. At the same time, repairs can be carried out by the personnel of the corresponding workshop (shop method) or by the personnel of the enterprise (economic-centralized method). With the workshop method, repairs are organized and carried out by a workshop in which heating equipment is installed. This method is currently rarely used, as it does not allow the necessary amount of repair work to be completed in a short time. With the economic-centralized method of repairing equipment, a special repair shop is created at the enterprise, whose personnel performs repair work on all equipment of the enterprise. However, this method requires the creation of specialized teams and can only be used at large enterprises that have heating equipment in many workshops.
The most progressive form of repair at the present time is centralized, which allows complex repair work to be carried out according to uniform norms of technological processes using modern equipment and mechanization. With this form, all repair work is carried out by a specialized organization under a contract. The performance of repair work by specialized organizations reduces equipment downtime and ensures high quality repair.
A mixed form of organization of repair is a combination of economic and centralized forms of repair.
The most complex and time-consuming is the overhaul of equipment, especially modern boiler units. To carry out the overhaul of boiler units in a short time, a repair organization project (ROP) is drawn up. Project organization of work on overhaul equipment usually contains the following documents: bill of quantities , schedule of preparatory work, schemes of cargo flows, technological repair schedule, flow charts, specifications for replacement parts and assemblies, a list of tools and materials, repair forms, instructions for organizing a workplace.
The bill of quantities is one of the most important documents. It provides a description technical condition equipment according to entries in the watch and repair logs, equipment inspection certificates, emergency reports, results of operational observations and tests. The statement also indicates the work on the reconstruction of equipment, if any, is planned. The scope of work depends on the condition of the equipment.
The bill of quantities should be prepared in advance in order to prepare spare parts, materials, drawings, etc. After stopping the unit and inspecting it, adjustments should be made to the bill of quantities.
A schedule is drawn up in accordance with the statement of scope of work preparatory work. The schedule indicates the work on the supply of welding gas to the workplaces, compressed air, water, installation of rigging mechanisms and other devices necessary for repair work.
The scheme of cargo flows is developed for the rational movement of goods and materials, as well as for the removal of waste and worn-out equipment and parts. The diagram should indicate the placement of mechanisms and devices that facilitate the movement of cargo flows.
For execution major works for the reconstruction or replacement of worn-out equipment (for example, replacement of air heater cubes), a scheme should be developed for the removal and removal of this equipment from the workshop. When developing schemes, special conditions for the safety of work performed near existing equipment should be taken into account.
Technological repair schedules, compiled on the basis of a statement of volume, should determine the sequence, duration and mode of operation, as well as the number of workers employed.
IN technological maps, drawn up only for the most important repairs, indicate the following necessary information: all operations and their scope, specifications, standards, tools and materials, as well as the devices used.
The specification for replacement parts and assemblies allows them to be prepared in advance before the equipment is taken out for repair, and during repair work, they can be installed instead of worn ones. This allows you to significantly reduce the amount and duration of work performed during the idle period of the unit.
Repair forms allow you to gain experience in clarifying standards and tolerances, determine the repair technology, the service life of individual parts and the quality of the repair.
The instructions for organizing the repairman's workplace should contain a list of fixtures, tools and materials that are necessary for repair work. Maintenance personnel themselves must take care of the organization of their workplace. Therefore, before starting the repair, it is necessary to familiarize the personnel with the scope of work and the timing of their implementation.