Choice of sizes of fire-extinguishing channels of flame arresters at technological installations. Tank Equipment Types of Flame Arresters and Flame Arresters

GOST R 53323-2009

NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

FLAME ARRESTORS AND SPARK EXTINGUISHERS

General technical requirements. Test Methods

Flame arrestors and spark arrestors. general technical requirements. Test methods

OKS 13.220.20

Introduction date 2010-01-01
with the right of early application*
______________________
* See label "Notes"

Foreword

Foreword

1 DEVELOPED by the Federal State Budgetary Institution "All-Russian Order of the Badge of Honor" Research Institute of Fire Defense" of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Disaster Relief (FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia)

2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 274 "Fire Safety"

3 APPROVED AND PUT INTO EFFECT by Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated February 18, 2009 N 99-st

4 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

5 REVISION. July 2019


The rules for the application of this standard are set out in Article 26 of the Federal Law of June 29, 2015 N 162-FZ "On standardization in the Russian Federation" . Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual (as of January 1 of the current year) information index "National Standards", and the official text of changes and amendments - in the monthly information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, a corresponding notice will be published in the next issue of the monthly information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet (www.gost.ru)

1 area of ​​use

1.1 This standard applies to dry-type flame arresters and spark arresters and establishes general technical requirements for these devices, as well as test methods.

1.2 This standard does not apply to:

- on liquid safety locks;

- flame arresters installed on process equipment, which is associated with the circulation of combustible substances prone to explosive decomposition without an oxidizing agent.

1.3 This standard should be used in the design and manufacture of flame arresters and spark arresters, as well as in carrying out certification tests in the field of fire safety and other types of tests established by the current standards and regulatory and technical documentation.

2 Normative references

This standard uses normative references to the following standards:

GOST 2.114 Unified system for design documentation. Specifications

GOST 12.2.047 System of labor safety standards. Fire engineering. Terms and Definitions

GOST 15.001 * System for the development and production of products. Products for industrial purposes
________________
* Lost power. GOST R 15.301-2000 is valid.

Probably a mistake in the original. Should read: GOST R 15.201-2000. - Database manufacturer's note.


GOST 2991 Non-separable plank boxes for loads weighing up to 500 kg. General specifications

GOST 8273 Wrapping paper. Specifications

GOST 14192 Cargo marking

GOST 14249 Vessels and apparatus. Norms and methods for calculating strength

GOST 15150 Machinery, instruments and other technical products. Versions for different climatic regions. Categories, conditions of climatic environmental factors

GOST 18321 Statistical quality control. Method of random selection of samples of piece products

GOST 19729 Ground talc for the production of rubber products and plastics. Specifications

GOST 23170 Packaging for engineering products. General requirements

GOST R 8.585 State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. Thermocouples. Rated static conversion characteristics

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or according to the annual information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and on issues of the monthly information index "National Standards" for the current year. If an undated referenced reference standard has been replaced, it is recommended that the current version of that standard be used, taking into account any changes made to that version. If the reference standard to which the dated reference is given is replaced, then it is recommended to use the version of this standard with the year of approval (acceptance) indicated above. If, after the adoption of this standard, a change is made to the referenced standard to which a dated reference is given, affecting the provision to which the reference is given, then this provision is recommended to be applied without taking into account this change. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which the reference to it is given is recommended to be applied in the part that does not affect this reference.

3 Terms and definitions

In this standard, the following terms are used with their respective definitions:

3.1 dry type flame arrester: A device installed on a fire-hazardous process apparatus or pipeline that freely passes the flow of a gas-vapor-air mixture or liquid through a flame-extinguishing element and contributes to the localization of the flame.

3.2 dry type spark arrestor: A device installed on the exhaust manifolds of various vehicles, power units and providing the capture and extinguishing of sparks in combustion products generated during the operation of furnaces and internal combustion engines.

3.3 operability retention time when exposed to flame: The time during which the flame arrester (spark arrester) is able to remain operational when heated by a stabilized flame on the flame arrester during combustion of the gas-vapor-air mixture passing through the flame arrester (spark arrester).

3.4 flame arrester element: A design element of a fire arrester, the direct purpose of which is to prevent the spread of flame.

3.5 fire arrester body: A design element of a flame arrester that provides placement of a flame arrester and mechanical interface with external devices.

3.6 critical diameter of the flame arrester: The minimum diameter of the flame-extinguishing element channel through which the flame of a stationary vapor-gas mixture can propagate.

3.7 safe diameter of the flame-extinguishing element channel: Structural diameter of the flame-extinguishing element channel, selected taking into account the safety factor.

4 Classification of flame arresters and spark arresters

Flame arresters are classified according to the following criteria: type of flame arresting element, installation location, time to maintain performance when exposed to flame.

4.1 According to the type of flame arrester, flame arresters are divided into:

- mesh;

- cassette;

- with a flame-extinguishing element made of granular material;

- with flame-extinguishing element made of porous material.

4.2 At the place of installation, flame arresters are divided into:

- reservoir or terminal (the length of the pipeline intended for communication with the atmosphere does not exceed three of its internal diameters);

- communication (built-in).

4.3 According to the time of maintaining performance when exposed to flame, flame arresters are divided into two classes:

- I class - time not less than 1 hour;

- II class - time less than 1 hour.

4.4 Spark arresters are classified according to the method of extinguishing sparks and are divided into:

- dynamic (exhaust gases are cleared of sparks under the action of gravity and inertia);

- filtration (exhaust gases are cleaned by filtration through porous partitions).

5 Technical requirements

5.1 Flame arresters and spark arresters must comply with the requirements of this standard, GOST 12.2.047, GOST 14249, GOST 15150, as well as other regulatory documents approved in the prescribed manner.

5.2 The body of the flame arrester (spark arrester) and the flame arrester must be free of dents, scratches and defects in the anti-corrosion coating.

5.3 Weight and size characteristics of the flame arrester (spark arrester) must correspond to the values ​​specified in the technical documentation.

5.4 The technical documentation for the flame arrester (spark arrester) must indicate the types of combustible mixture to protect which the product is intended, and the conditions of use (pressure, temperature).

The structural elements of the flame arrester (spark arrester) must withstand the force loads arising from the spread of flame, with the pressure for which the product is designed.

5.5 The flame arrester (spark arrester) must be operational during the entire period of operation in the temperature range given in the technical documentation.

5.6 The design of a flame arrester (spark arrester) designed for operation at negative ambient temperatures must exclude the possibility of freezing of water (moisture) in the channels of the flame arrester.

5.7 The design of the flame arrester should ensure the possibility of its periodic cleaning if the device is intended for operation in the presence of mechanical impurities or vapors of liquids in the gas stream or liquid that are prone to crystallization or polymerization.

5.8 The body of the flame arrester (spark arrester), as well as detachable and non-detachable connections, must ensure tightness (should not let flame, sparks and combustion products through) not lower than the tightness of the protected device.

5.9 The size of the slotted gaps between the wall of the flame arrester (spark arrester) body and the flame arrester must not exceed the safe diameter of the channel.

5.10 Flame arresters (spark arresters) must be resistant to external and internal corrosive effects of the environments for which they are intended.

5.11 The design of the flame arrester (spark arrester) should provide for the possibility of internal inspection, replacement of the flame arrester, ease of installation.

5.12 Structural elements of the flame arrester (spark arrester) should not be deformed during the localization of flame combustion for a time equal to the time of maintaining operability when exposed to flame.

5.13 When used in flame arresters (spark arresters) as a flame arresting element of granular material, the granules must have a spherical shape or a shape close to it.

The granules must be made of heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials.

5.14 The diameter of the flame arrester element of the flame arrester (spark arrester) should not exceed 50% of its critical diameter.

5.15 The design of the flame arrester (spark arrester) must ensure its reliable fixed mounting on the process equipment or the exhaust manifold, taking into account vibration loads acting during the entire period of operation.

5.16 The following technical documentation must be attached to the produced flame arrester (spark arrester):

- technical passport for the product;

- manual.

5.17 The maximum surface temperature of the spark arrester housing placed in a combustible environment (combustible gases, vapors, aerosols, dust) must be at least 20% lower than the auto-ignition temperature of the specified combustible substances.

5.18 The operating time of the communication flame arrester when exposed to flame must comply with the requirements specified in the technical documentation for the product, but not less than 10 minutes.

5.19 The design of the flame arrester (spark arrester) should provide for the possibility of sealing detachable connections (except for fasteners) in order to control its integrity.

5.20 The flame arrester (spark arrester) must remain operational:

- under vibration impacts arising during operation. The limits of their change must be established by the manufacturer and indicated in the technical documentation for the product;

- within the operating and storage temperature ranges, which must be set by the manufacturer and specified in the technical documentation for the product.

5.21 The flame arrester (spark arrester) must be replaced if the flame arrester element is damaged, as well as if cracks or dents appear on the body.

5.22 The performance of the flame arrester (flame arrester) every 2 years of operation must be confirmed by tests on the ability of the flame arrester to localize the flame.

6 Labeling of flame arresters and spark arresters

Flame arresters and spark arresters must be marked in Russian and contain the following data:

- functional purpose (type of flame arrester, recommended installation location and product class);

- types of combustible mixtures for the protection of which the product is intended;

- diameter of the conditional passage of the outlet;

- temperature mode of operation;

- operating pressure;

- the time of preservation of health when exposed to flame;

- weight;

- date of manufacture;

- trademark or name of the manufacturer;

- TU number.

7 Acceptance rules

7.1 To control the compliance of the flame arrester (spark arrester) with the requirements of this standard, tests are carried out: acceptance, periodic, certification and type tests.

All tests, unless otherwise specified in this standard, must be carried out under normal climatic conditions established by GOST 15150.

7.2 Acceptance tests of flame arresters (spark arresters) are carried out in accordance with GOST 15.001 on samples of a pilot batch according to a program developed by the manufacturer and developer.

A lot is the number of products accompanied by one document.

7.3 Periodic tests are carried out in order to control product quality indicators and the possibility of continuing to release the product. Sampling for testing is carried out according to GOST 18321. 2% of the number of produced flame arresters (spark arresters) are subjected to periodic tests every month, but not less than four samples of each standard size.

7.4 Type tests are carried out when making structural or other changes (manufacturing technology, material, etc.) that can affect the main parameters that ensure the performance of the flame arrester (spark arrester). The test program is planned depending on the nature of the changes and is agreed with the developer.

For type tests, at least five samples of flame arresters (spark arresters) of each type are selected.

7.5 Certification tests are carried out in order to establish the compliance of the characteristics of the flame arrester (spark arrester) with this standard, as well as to issue a fire safety certificate. For certification tests, three samples of flame arresters (spark arresters) of each type are selected.

7.6 The volume of acceptance, periodic and certification tests is given in Table 1.

Table 1 - Scope of tests for flame arresters and spark arresters

7.7 If negative results are obtained for any type of test, the number of test specimens is doubled and the tests are repeated in full. Upon receipt of repeated negative results, further testing should be terminated until the causes are identified and the defects found are eliminated.

8 Test methods

8.1 All tests (unless otherwise specified) are carried out at an ambient temperature corresponding to the operating temperature range of the flame arrester.

8.2 Test equipment, benches and measuring instruments used when testing flame arresters (spark arresters) must have a passport and pass metrological control in the prescribed manner. The technical characteristics of the equipment and stands specified in the passport must provide the test modes established by this standard.

8.3 Compliance of the parameters of the flame arrester (spark arrester) with the requirements of 5.2, 5.3 is checked by technical inspection and / or analysis of the technical documentation according to table 1 using an appropriate measuring tool. The accuracy class of the measuring tool is determined according to the technical documentation.

8.4 The mass of the flame arrester (spark arrester) and the mass of the flame arrester are determined on a scale with an error not exceeding 2%. To do this, first, a fully equipped flame arrester (spark arrester) is weighed, after which it is disassembled and the flame arrester element is weighed. If the product, in accordance with the requirements of the technical documentation, is not subject to disassembly, then only the mass of the flame arrester (spark arrester) with a flame arrester is determined.

8.5 Tests to determine the ability of the flame arrester to localize the flame and the ability of the spark arrester to prevent ignition are carried out on an experimental stand. The schematic diagram of the experimental stand is shown in Figure 1.

For testing use:

a) a test stand consisting of two chambers (combustion and control). The stand equipment must withstand the pressure that occurs during the testing process.

The combustion chamber must also be provided with fittings to accommodate the pressure sensor and the ignition source.

The control chamber must also be provided with fittings for accommodating a pressure sensor and an ignition source. The capacity of the control chamber must exceed the capacity of the combustion chamber by at least 5 times;

b) a system of technical devices that ensures the production of a gas-vapor-air mixture according to the partial pressures of the components with an error of not more than 0.5% (vol.). The system should include the following equipment:

- mixing chamber;

- evaporator;

- container with flammable, combustible liquid or combustible gas;

- air compressor;

- pipelines with valves.

The partial pressure of the gas component is determined by the formula

where is the volume concentration of the th gas component, % (vol.);

- total pressure in the mixing chamber, kPa.

The mixing chamber must ensure that the combustion chamber and the control chamber are filled with the required gas-vapor-air mixture at the pressure and temperature values ​​specified for testing;

1 - cylinder with combustible gas; 2 - compressor; 3 - gas console; 4 - mixer; 5 - spark plugs; 6 - reaction pipe; 7 - ignition unit; 8 - flame-extinguishing element of the flame arrester; 9 - control capacity; 10 - pressure sensor; 11 - vacuum pump

Figure 1 - Schematic diagram of the experimental stand

c) an ignition source that provides ignition of the gas-vapor-air mixture;

d) a system for registering the ignition of a gas-vapor-air mixture.

The ability of a flame arrester to contain a flame and the ability of a spark arrestor to prevent ignition are determined using the types of combustible mixture for which they are intended to protect. It is allowed to carry out tests on model combustible mixtures, which, in terms of normal burning rate, are close to the indicated mixtures for which the product is intended.

The flame arrester (spark arrester) is installed and fixed on the stand in accordance with the requirements of the technical documentation in such a way as to ensure the tightness of the tested product and fire chambers.

The control chamber and the combustion chamber of the test stand are filled with a gas-vapor-air mixture of a given concentration.

The devices for registering the ignition of the gas-vapor-air mixture are started and the ignition source in the combustion chamber is turned on.

The criterion for the ignition of the gas-vapor-air mixture in the control chamber is the increase in excess pressure in it by at least 2 times compared to the initial pressure.

In the absence of ignition of the gas-vapor-air mixture in the control chamber, it is considered that the flame arrester (spark arrester) passed the test.

The test results are considered positive if in three consecutive tests no flashover of a flame (spark) through the flame arrester element of the flame arrester or sparks through the filter element of the spark arrester is recorded.

8.6 If the flame arrester is designed to operate at atmospheric pressure, tests to determine the ability of the flame arrester to localize the flame and the spark arrester to prevent ignition are allowed to be carried out without a control combustion chamber. The process of flame (spark) breakthrough through the flame arrester element of the flame arrester is fixed visually, using as an indicator the ignition of gasoline poured into a pan, which is located directly at the outlet of the flame arrester (spark arrester) near the flame arrester.

8.7 Flame arrester (spark arrester) tests for tightness are carried out in accordance with the Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Pressure Vessels.

8.8. The maximum surface temperature of the spark arrester body is determined during tests on the exhaust manifolds of vehicles and power units on which spark arresters are installed, or equipment that simulates the operating conditions of furnaces and internal combustion engines, at the rated power of the power unit.

For testing use:

- thermoelectric converters of ТХА type according to GOST R 8.585 with a diameter not less than 0.5 mm and not more than 1.5 mm. Three electrical thermal converters are installed on each spark arrester: two at the inlet and outlet of the spark arrester; the third - in the central part of the spark arrester housing;



Test procedure:

- the spark arrester is placed on the exhaust manifold of the power unit;

- turn on the power unit and bring it to the operating mode corresponding to the rated power;

- fix the temperature readings of each thermoelectric converter for 1 hour with continuous operation of the power unit in the mode corresponding to the rated power.

Based on the measurement results, the maximum temperature value is determined from the readings of three thermoelectric transducers, which is taken as the maximum surface temperature of the spark arrester housing.

8.9 Tests for vibration strength of the flame arrester (spark arrester) are carried out on a vibration stand of the VEDS-200 (400) type or another type with similar characteristics.

Flame arresters (spark arresters) are attached to the movable platform of the vibration stand. The tests are carried out along each of the three coordinate axes with a frequency of at least 40 Hz and an amplitude of at least 1 mm, the duration of the test in each of the directions is at least 40 minutes.

After vibration impacts in all three axes, the ability of flame arresters to localize the flame and spark arresters to prevent ignition is determined in accordance with 8.5.

8.10 The time of maintaining the efficiency of the flame arrester when exposed to a flame is determined by the time interval during which the flame arrester retains the ability to localize the flame. The time to maintain performance when exposed to a flame is determined for flame arresters that have passed tests for the ability to localize the flame.

For testing use:

- test stand, described in 8.5. Two flame arresters are attached to the ends of the combustion chamber: one at the inlet, the other - test - at the outlet. A flame arrester placed at the inlet prevents the flame from spreading from the combustion chamber to the mixer. A combustible mixture is supplied from the mixing chamber to the flame arrester located at the entrance to the control chamber. The mixing chamber must be of a flow type and ensure the combustion of the combustible mixture on the surface of the flame arrester element attached to the outlet of the combustion chamber. The supply of a combustible mixture must be continuous and be 10, 40, 70 and 100% of the nominal throughput of the product. The number of tests carried out at each of the specified feed rates is taken equal to 2;

- electrical thermal converters ТХА according to GOST R 8.585 with a diameter of at least 0.5 mm and not more than 1.5 mm. Two electric thermal converters are placed on the test flame arrester installed at the outlet of the combustion chamber: at the inlet and outlet, directly in the central part near the flame arrester;

- secondary instruments for measuring temperature in the range from 0°С to 1300°С, having an accuracy class of 0.5.

Testing:

- a combustible mixture is supplied from the mixing chamber to the tested flame arrester (supply corresponds to 10% of the nominal throughput of the product) and it is ignited at the outlet section of the flame arrester;

- record the temperature readings of each electric thermal converter.

According to the results of measuring the readings of electrical thermal converters, a time interval is determined during which no flame propagation over the product is noted.

The criteria for the spread of flame through the flame arrester are:

The appearance of a flame at the outer surface of the flame arrester housing, as well as the formation of cracks, burnouts and other through holes not specified by the design documentation;

- the disappearance of the flame near the surface of the flame arrester, fixed visually and with the help of a signal from an electric thermal converter located at the outlet of the flame arrester;

- the occurrence of a flame at the entrance to the tested flame arrester, fixed by means of a signal from an electric thermal converter located at the entrance to the flame arrester.

The tests are repeated with a continuous supply of a combustible mixture at a flow rate of 10, 40, 70 and 100% of the nominal throughput of the flame arrester, while determining the minimum time for the entire test cycle during which no flame propagation over the product is noted.

The maximum duration of the test shall not exceed 70 min.

9 Completeness

The package should include:

- flame arrester (spark arrester);

- operation manual, combined with the passport.

At the request of organizations involved in the maintenance of the flame arrester (spark arrester), the manufacturer must send a maintenance manual, a list of spare parts, tools and accessories that can be ordered from this company.

Note - Upon agreement with the customer, it is allowed to change the completeness of the flame arresters supplied to protect a particular object.

11.1 The design documentation for the flame arrester (spark arrester) must be drawn up in accordance with the requirements of the current regulatory documents and corrected based on the test results with the assignment of the letter A in the prescribed manner.

11.2 Specifications for a flame arrester (spark arrester) must be developed in accordance with the requirements of GOST 2.114.

11.3 Each flame arrester must be provided with an instruction manual. The operating manual, combined with the passport, must contain information that allows the consumer to correctly install and use the flame arrester (spark arrester).

The operating manual should include the following sections:

- title page;

- purpose and main technical characteristics of the flame arrester;

- contents of delivery;

- device and principle of operation of the flame arrester (with the necessary graphic materials);

- instructions on safety measures when working with a flame arrester (spark arrester). Warning about possible harmful effects of the protected technological environment on the human body when using this flame arrester (spark arrester);

- the procedure for operating the flame arrester (spark arrester), which should specify the rules for installing the flame arrester (spark arrester) on the protected object, the frequency and scope of inspections, tests of the flame arrester (spark arrester), values ​​and tolerances for changing parameters that are controlled during inspections;

- the procedure for transporting and storing a flame arrester (spark arrester);

- available certificates (numbers, issued by whom and for how long they are valid);

- certificate of acceptance and certificate of sale of the flame arrester (spark arrester);

- manufacturer's warranty obligations;

- forms of tables filled in during the maintenance of the flame arrester (spark arrester).

Electronic text of the document
prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:
official publication
Moscow: Standartinform, 2019

the Russian Federation Order of the GUGPS EMERCOM of Russia

NPB 254-99 Flame arresters and spark arresters. General technical requirements. Test Methods

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FIRE SAFETY STANDARDS

FIRE STRAIGHTERS AND SPARK EXTINGUISHERS. GENERAL
TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS. TEST METHODS

Flame arrestors and spark arrestors. fire safety.
general technical requirements. test methods.

Introduction date 1999-11-01

DEVELOPED by the All-Russian Research Institute of Fire Defense of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (Yu.N. Shebeko, V.Yu. Navtsenya, A.K. Kostyukhin, O.V. Vasina), Moscow Institute of Fire Safety of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (A.P. .A. Goryachev, V.S. Kluban), the department of the organization of state fire supervision of the Main Directorate of the State Fire Service (GUGPS) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (V.V. Stavnov, V.V. Lepesiy), Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia (A.A. Shatalov).

INTRODUCED AND PREPARED FOR APPROVAL by the department of the organization of state fire supervision of the GUGPS of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

I. SCOPE

1. These standards apply to dry-type flame arresters (spark arresters), and also establish general technical requirements for these devices and test methods.

2. These rules do not apply to:

liquid safety locks;

flame arresters installed on technological equipment, which is associated with the circulation of combustible substances prone to explosive decomposition without an oxidizing agent.

3. These standards should be used in the design and manufacture of flame arresters and spark arresters, as well as when conducting certification tests in the field of fire safety and other types of tests established by the current standards and regulatory and technical documentation.

II. DEFINITIONS

4. The following terms are used in the norms with their respective definitions.

Dry-type flame arrester - a fire protection device that is installed on a fire hazardous technological apparatus or pipeline, freely passing the flow of a gas-vapor-air mixture or liquid through a flame extinguishing element and contributing to the localization of the flame.

Dry-type spark arrester - a device installed on the exhaust manifolds of various vehicles, power units and providing trapping and extinguishing sparks in combustion products generated during the operation of furnaces and internal combustion engines.

Serviceability retention time when exposed to flame - the time during which the flame arrester (spark arrester) is able to maintain performance when heated by a stabilized flame on the flame extinguishing element.

The critical diameter of the flame-extinguishing element is the minimum diameter of the channel of the flame-extinguishing element through which the flame of a stationary vapor-gas mixture can propagate.

The safe diameter of the flame-extinguishing element channel is the structural diameter of the flame-extinguishing element channel, selected taking into account the safety factor taken equal to at least 2.

III. CLASSIFICATION OF FLAME STRAIGHTERS AND SPARK EXTINGUISHERS

5. Flame arresters are classified according to the following criteria: type of flame arrester, installation location, time to maintain performance when exposed to flame.

5.1. According to the type of flame arrester, flame arresters are divided into:

mesh;

cassette;

with a flame retardant element made of granular material;

with a flame retardant element made of porous material.

5.2. According to the place of installation, fire arresters are divided into:

reservoir or terminal (the length of the pipeline intended for communication with the atmosphere does not exceed three of its internal diameters);

communication (built-in).

5.3. According to the time of maintaining efficiency when exposed to flame, flame arresters are divided into two classes:

I class - time not less than 1 hour;

II class - time less than 1 hour.

6. Spark arresters are classified according to the method of extinguishing sparks and are divided into:

dynamic (exhaust gases are cleaned of sparks under the action of gravity and inertia);

filtration (exhaust gases are cleaned by filtration through porous partitions).

IV. GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

7. Flame arresters and spark arresters must comply with the requirements of these standards, GOST 12.2.047, GOST 14249, GOST 15150, as well as other regulatory documents approved in the prescribed manner.

V. REQUIREMENTS FOR MAIN CHARACTERISTICS

8. There must be no dents, scratches or defects in the anti-corrosion coating on the body of the flame arrester (spark arrester) and the flame arrester.

9. Weight and size characteristics of the flame arrester (spark arrester) must correspond to the values ​​specified in the technical documentation.

10. The technical documentation for the flame arrester (spark arrester) must indicate the types (type) of the combustible mixture for the protection of which they are used, and the conditions of use (pressure, temperature).

The structural elements of the flame arrester (spark arrester) must withstand the force loads arising from the spread of flame, with the pressure for which the product is designed.

11. The design of the flame arrester (spark arrester) must ensure the operability of its elements during the entire period of operation in the temperature range given in the technical documentation.

The design of the flame arrester (spark arrester) must exclude the possibility of water (moisture) freezing in the flame arrester.

12. The design of the flame arrester should provide for the possibility of its periodic cleaning if the device is intended for operation in the presence of mechanical impurities or vapors of liquids in the gas stream or liquid that are prone to crystallization or polymerization.

13. The body of the flame arrester (spark arrester), as well as detachable and non-detachable connections must be airtight (they must not allow flame, sparks and combustion products to pass through).

14. In the design of the flame arrester (spark arrester), the size of the slotted gaps between the wall of its housing and the flame arrester must not exceed the safe diameter of the channel.

15. Flame arresters (spark arresters) must be resistant to external and internal corrosive effects of the environments for which they are intended.

16. The design of the flame arrester (spark arrester) should provide for the possibility of internal inspection, replacement of the flame arrester, ease of installation.

17. Structural elements of the flame arrester (spark arrester) should not be deformed during the localization of fiery combustion for a time equal to the time of maintaining performance when exposed to flame.

18. In flame arresters (spark arresters) using granular material as a flame arresting element, the granules must have a spherical or close to it shape.

The granules must be made of heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials.

19. The structural (safe) diameter of the flame arrester element of the flame arrester (spark arrester) should not exceed 50% of its critical diameter.

20. The design of the flame arrester (spark arrester) must ensure its reliable fixed fastening on the process equipment or the exhaust manifold, taking into account vibration loads acting during the entire period of operation.

21. The following technical documentation must be attached to the produced flame arrester (spark arrester):

technical passport for the product;

manual.

22. The maximum surface temperature of the spark arrester housing placed in a combustible environment (combustible gases, vapors, aerosols, dust) must be at least 20% lower than the self-ignition temperature of the specified combustible substances.

23. The operating time of the communication flame arrester when exposed to flame must comply with the requirements specified in the technical documentation for the product, but not less than 10 minutes.

24. The design of the flame arrester (spark arrester) should provide for the possibility of sealing detachable connections (with the exception of fasteners) in order to control its integrity.

25. The flame arrester (spark arrester) must remain operational:

under vibration effects arising during operation. The limits of their change must be established by the manufacturer and indicated in the technical documentation for the product;

within the operating and storage temperature ranges, which must be set by the manufacturer and specified in the technical documentation for the product.

After the flame arrester has been triggered, its flame-extinguishing element must be replaced with a new one.

27. The flame arrester (spark arrester) must be replaced if the flame arrester element is damaged, as well as if cracks or dents appear on the body.

28. The following information must be reflected in the technical documentation for the flame arrester (spark arrester):

information about the functional purpose (type of flame arrester, recommended installation location and product class);

types of combustible mixtures for the protection of which the product is intended;

nominal diameter of the outlet;

temperature mode of operation;

operating pressure;

the time of maintaining health when exposed to flame;

date of manufacture;

trademark or name of the manufacturer;

TU number.

VI. TEST METHODS

29. To control the compliance of the flame arrester (spark arrester) with the requirements of these standards, tests are carried out: acceptance, periodic, certification and type tests.

All tests, unless otherwise specified by these standards, must be carried out under normal climatic conditions established by GOST 15150.

30. Acceptance tests of flame arresters (spark arresters) are carried out in accordance with GOST 15.001 on samples of an experimental batch according to a program developed by the manufacturer and developer.

A lot is the number of products accompanied by one document.

31. Periodic tests are carried out in order to control the stability of product quality indicators and the possibility of continuing to release the product. Sampling for testing is carried out in accordance with GOST 18321. Periodic tests are subjected monthly to 2% of the number of fire arresters (spark arresters) produced. For testing, at least four samples of each standard size are selected.

32. Type tests are carried out when making structural or other changes (manufacturing technology, material, etc.) that can affect the main parameters that ensure the performance of the flame arrester (spark arrester). The test program is planned depending on the nature of the changes and is agreed with the developer.

For type tests, at least five samples of flame arresters (spark arresters) of each type are selected.

33. Certification tests are carried out in order to establish the compliance of the characteristics of the flame arrester (spark arrester) with these standards, as well as to issue a fire safety certificate. For certification tests, three samples of flame arresters (spark arresters) of each type are selected.

34. The volume of acceptance, periodic and certification tests is given in the table.

Scope of acceptance, periodic and certification tests

35. If negative results are obtained for any type of test, the number of tested samples is doubled and the tests are repeated again in full. Upon receipt of repeated negative results, further testing should be terminated until the causes are identified and the defects found are eliminated.

36. Compliance of the flame arrester (spark arrester) with the requirements of paragraphs 8 and 9 is established by external inspection using an appropriate measuring tool. The accuracy class of the measuring tool is determined according to the technical documentation.

37. The mass of the flame arrester (spark arrester) and the mass of the flame arrester are determined by weighing on a scale with an error not exceeding 2%. To do this, first, a fully equipped flame arrester (spark arrester) is weighed, after which it is disassembled and the flame arrester element is weighed. If the product, in accordance with the requirements of the technical documentation, is not subject to disassembly, then only the mass of the flame arrester (spark arrester) with a flame arrester is determined.

38. Determination of the ability of a flame arrester to localize a flame and a spark arrester to prevent ignition.

For testing use:

a) a test stand consisting of two cylindrical chambers (combustion and control). The stand equipment must withstand the pressure that occurs during the testing process.

The combustion chamber must be equipped with fittings for supplying a combustible gas-vapor-air mixture, placing a pressure sensor, an ignition source and having a diameter of at least 50 mm. The ratio of the length of the chamber to its diameter must be at least 30.

The control chamber must be equipped with fittings to accommodate the pressure sensor and the ignition source. The capacity of the control chamber must exceed the capacity of the combustion chamber by at least 5 times;

b) a system of technical devices that ensures the production of a gas-vapor-air mixture according to the partial pressures of the components with an error of not more than 0.5% (vol.). The system should include the following equipment:

mixing chamber;

evaporator;

container with flammable liquid, gas liquid or combustible gas;

air compressor;

pipelines with valves.

The partial pressure of the gas component is determined by the formula

where is the volume concentration of the th gas component, % (vol.); - total pressure in the mixing chamber, kPa.

The mixing chamber must have a capacity that ensures the filling of the combustion chamber and the control chamber with the required gas-vapor-air mixture at the pressure and temperature values ​​specified for testing;

c) an ignition source, which is a nichrome wire with a diameter of 0.3 mm and a length of 2 to 4 mm, burned by electric current when a voltage of (40 ± 5) V is applied;

d) a pressure recording system consisting of primary transducers and secondary devices and providing recording of signals from primary transducers in time in the frequency range from 0.1 to 1 kHz.

The ability of a flame arrester to contain a flame and a spark arrestor to prevent ignition is determined using the types of combustible mixture for which they are intended to protect. It is allowed to carry out tests on model combustible mixtures, which, in terms of normal burning rate, are close to the indicated mixtures for which the product is intended.

A flame arrester (spark arrester) is installed and fixed on the stand in accordance with the requirements of the technical documentation in such a way as to ensure the tightness of the product under test and the fire chambers.

The chambers of the test bench are evacuated to a residual pressure of not more than 5 kPa and the gas-vapor-air mixture is supplied from the mixer to the required pressure. The gas mixture is kept for at least 5 minutes.

The devices for measuring and recording pressure over time are started and the ignition source in the combustion chamber is turned on.

The criterion for the ignition of the gas-vapor-air mixture in the control chamber is the increase in excess pressure in it by at least 2 times compared to the initial pressure.

If there is no ignition of the gas-vapor-air mixture in the control chamber, it is considered that the flame arrester (spark arrester) passed the test.

The test results are considered positive if in three consecutive tests no flashover of a flame (spark) through the flame arrester element of the flame arrester or sparks through the filter element of the spark arrester is recorded.

39. If the flame arrester is designed to operate at atmospheric pressure, tests to determine the ability of the flame arrester to localize the flame and the spark arrester to prevent ignition are allowed to be carried out without a control combustion chamber. The process of flame (spark) breakthrough through the flame arrester element of the flame arrester is fixed visually, using as an indicator the ignition of gasoline poured into a pan, which is located directly at the outlet of the flame arrester (spark arrester) near the flame arrester.

40. Testing of the flame arrester (spark arrester) for tightness is carried out in accordance with the "Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Pressure Vessels".

41. Determination of the maximum surface temperature of the spark arrestor housing.

Tests are carried out on the exhaust manifolds of vehicles and power units on which spark arresters are installed, or equipment that simulates the operating conditions of the operation of furnaces and internal combustion engines, at the rated power of the power unit.

For testing use:

electrical thermal converters ТХА according to GOST R 50431 with a diameter of at least 0.5 and not more than 1.5 mm. Three electrical thermal converters are installed on each spark arrester: two at the inlet and outlet of the spark arrester; the third - in the central part of the spark arrester housing;

Testing:

the spark arrester is placed on the exhaust manifold of the power unit;

turn on the power unit and bring it to the operating mode corresponding to the rated power;

temperature readings of each electric thermal converter are recorded for one hour during continuous operation of the power unit in the mode corresponding to the rated power.

According to the measurement results, the maximum temperature value is determined from the readings of three electric thermal converters, which is taken as the maximum surface temperature of the spark arrester housing.

42. Tests for vibration strength of a flame arrester (spark arrester) are carried out on a vibration stand of the VEDS-200 (400) type or another type with similar characteristics.

Flame arresters (spark arresters) are attached to the movable platform of the vibration stand. The tests are carried out along each of the three coordinate axes with a frequency of 40 Hz and an amplitude of 1 mm, the duration of the test in each of the directions is 40 minutes.

After vibration impacts on all three axes, the ability of flame arresters to localize the flame and spark arresters to prevent ignition is determined in accordance with clause 38.

43. Determination of the time of maintaining the operability of a flame arrester (communication) when exposed to a flame.

The essence of the method is to determine the time interval during which the communication flame arrester retains the ability to localize the flame.

The time to maintain performance when exposed to a flame is determined for flame arresters that have passed tests for the ability to localize the flame.

For testing use:

test bench, the description of which is given in clause 38. Two flame arresters are attached to the ends of the combustion chamber: one at the inlet, the other at the outlet. The flame arrester placed at the outlet of the combustion chamber is tested. A flame arrester located at the inlet prevents the flame from spreading from the combustion chamber to the mixer. A combustible mixture is supplied from the mixing chamber to the flame arrester located at the entrance to the control chamber. The mixing chamber must be of a flow type and ensure the combustion of the combustible mixture on the surface of the flame arrester element of the flame arrester attached at the outlet of the combustion chamber. The supply of a combustible mixture must be continuous and equal to 10, 40, 70 and 100% of the nominal throughput of the product. The number of tests carried out at each of the indicated feed rates is assumed to be 2;

electrical thermal converters ТХА according to GOST R 50431 with a diameter of at least 0.5 and not more than 1.5 mm. Two electric thermal converters are placed on the test flame arrester installed at the outlet of the combustion chamber: at the inlet and outlet directly in the central part at the flame arrester;

secondary instruments for measuring temperature in the range from 0 to 1300 °C, having an accuracy class of 0.5.

Testing:

a combustible mixture is supplied from the mixing chamber to the tested flame arrester (supply corresponds to 10% of the nominal throughput of the product) and it is ignited at the outlet section of the flame arrester;

record the temperature readings of each electric thermal converter.

According to the results of measuring the readings of electrical thermal converters, a time interval is determined during which no flame propagation over the product is noted. The criteria for the spread of flame through the flame arrester are:

a) the appearance of a flame at the outer surface of the flame arrester housing, as well as the formation of cracks, burnouts and other through holes not specified by the design documentation;

b) the simultaneous appearance of the following signs with a continuous supply of a combustible mixture:

the disappearance of the flame near the surface of the flame arrester, fixed visually and with the help of a signal from an electrical thermal converter located at the outlet of the flame arrester;

the occurrence of a flame at the entrance to the tested flame arrester, fixed by means of a signal from an electric thermal converter located at the entrance to the flame arrester.

The tests are repeated with a continuous supply of a combustible mixture at a flow rate of 10, 40, 70 and 100% of the nominal throughput of the flame arrester, while determining the minimum time for the entire test cycle during which no flame propagation over the product is noted.

GOST 12.4.009-83. SSBT. Fire equipment for the protection of objects. Main types. Accommodation and service.

GOST 15.001-88. System for the development and production of products. Products for industrial and technical purposes.

GOST 5632-72. High-alloy steels and alloys, corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant and heat-resistant. Marks.

GOST 12766.1-90. Wire made of precision alloys with high electrical resistance. Specifications.

GOST 14249-89. Vessels and devices. Norms and methods for calculating strength.

GOST 15150-69. Machines, devices and other technical products. Versions for different climatic regions. Categories, conditions of operation, storage and transportation in terms of the impact of climatic factors of the environment.

GOST 18321-73. Statistical quality control. Methods of random selection of samples of piece products.

GOST 18322-78. The system of maintenance and repair of equipment. Terms and Definitions.

GOST 19433-88. Loads are dangerous. Classification and marking.

GOST 22520-85 E Pressure, rarefaction and differential pressure sensors with electrical analog output signals of the GSP. General specifications.

GOST 24054-80. Products of mechanical engineering and instrument making. Leak test methods. General requirements.

GOST R 50431-92. Thermocouples. Part 1. Nominal conversion statistics.

The text of the document is verified by:

official publication

M .: VNIIPO of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 1999

To prevent the free penetration of fire through communications and equipment of pipeline systems of gas equalizing piping of tanks, if such tanks are equipped, fire arresters are called upon through discharge and filling pipelines, breathing and safety valves. There are fire arresters: dry, liquid (hydraulic locks), shutters from solid crushed materials, automatic valves and dampers.

The action of flame arresters is based on the phenomenon of extinguishing a flame in narrow channels, which was discovered in 1815 by Humphry-Devi. He found that with a decrease in the size (diameter) of the channel in which the combustion of the gas mixture occurs, there is an increase in specific losses in comparison with heat releases occurring per volume of the burning mixture, a decrease in the combustion temperature in the reaction zone, a decrease in the reaction rate and a decrease in the speed of flame propagation. When heat loss from the combustion zone reaches a certain critical value, the combustion temperature and reaction combustion rate decrease so much that further propagation of the mixture fire in the narrow channel becomes impossible.

The flame arrester is installed between the vertical tank and the breather or safety valve. The flame arrester is designed to protect a vertical tank from the penetration of fire (flame or spark) into the gas space through breathing valves (vent pipes or safety valves), thereby protecting oil from flash or explosion.

The basis of the design (Figure 4.1) is a fire-barrier element 2, placed between two halves of the body 1, pulled together by four pins 3. The fire-barrier element consists of flat and corrugated tapes wound on an axis, which also prevents the element from falling out. The extinguishing effect of the flame arrester OP, installed on the roof of the RVS tank, is based on the principles of intense heat exchange that occurs between the walls of the narrow channels of the flame arrester element and the gas-air flow passing through it. This achieves a decrease in the temperature of the gas-air flow to safe limits.

Figure 4.1. General view of flame arresters OP:

1 - body, consisting of two halves; 2 - fire blocking element;

3 - four connecting studs.

The main condition for the effective operation of this device, in such technological equipment as tanks, is the selection of the diameter of the channel, which will ensure the extinguishing of the flame. We will calculate the flame arrester based on determining the size of the critical extinguishing channel according to the method of Ya.B. Zeldovich, as well proven in practice and based on the constancy of the Peclet number.

Let us determine by calculation the required diameter of the extinguishing hole of the flame arrester:

		(4.1)
	where	d cr .	-	critical diameter of the extinguishing hole of the flame arrester, m;
		Pe kr	-	number Peclet, at the limit of extinguishing the flame, Pe kr =65;
		l	-	coefficient of thermal conductivity of the combustible mixture, W/(m K);
		R	-	gas constant;
		T	-	combustible mixture temperature, K, T=273 + 25 = 298 K;
		ω	-	normal speed of flame propagation, m/s; ω = 0.4 m/s;
		C p	-	heat capacity of the combustible mixture, kJ/kg K;
		R	-	combustible mixture pressure, Pa, P=10 5 Pa

We find the gas constant for the mixture by the formula:

Let's calculate:

The value of C p is calculated by the formula:

The value of l is calculated by the formula:

l g \u003d 1.5 × 10 -2 W / (m K) - from the application of the problem book ;

l in \u003d 2.7 × 10 -2 W / (m K) - determined by interpolation from point 2. ;

C p, v \u003d 1005 J / (kg K) - from table 2,

С р,г = 1550 J / (kg K) - from the application of the problem book, depending on the calculated temperature of the mixture.

С р = 0.33 × 1550 + (1 – 0.33) × 1005 = 1184.8 J/(kg K)

l \u003d 0.33 × 1.5 × 10 -2 + (1 - 0.33) × 2.7 × 10 -2 \u003d 0.023 W / (m K)

Substitute the found values ​​into the formula:

Taking into account the mass-produced samples of flame arresters, we will accept the following cassette fire arrester for installation on breathing valves:

Type - OP-200;

Conditional passage - 200 mm;

The throughput of the fuse with an air flow resistance of 118 Pa, not less than -380 m 3 / h;

Overall dimensions - 270 × 375 × 375 mm;

Description

Flame arresters, flame arresters and flame arresters are used as fire fighting equipment on vertical storage tanks for explosive petroleum products.

This equipment is the first step of fire safety, which contributes to the protection of tanks and stored product from explosion and fire. Main purpose of flame arresters of various types - this is to prevent a spark or flame from entering the gas space of the container and the occurrence of fire hazard situations.

The principle of operation of flame arresters and flame arresters

Their work is based on the absorption of heat from a spark or flame: the cassettes included in the design of various materials reduce thermal energy below the ignition or ignition temperature of the stored liquid. At the same time, there is no delay of the working product through the cassette.

Fire-blocking elements (cassettes, tapes) can be made of foil, copper or aluminum alloys.

Types of flame arresters and flame arresters

• flame arrester OP-AA
• flame arrester OP-AAN
• flame arrester PP
• fire liquid fuse
• fire communication fuse POK

Flame arresters OP

The OP-AA and OP-AAN safety barriers protect the gas space of tanks from the penetration of sparks or flames. The flame arrester, located in the housing, consists of corrugated and flat tapes that trap heat from the fire and extinguish it. Aluminum is used for their manufacture. The OP-AAN flame arrester is collapsible, which makes it possible to inspect the cassette and replace it if necessary.

Flame arrester OP-AA	Options	OP-50AA	OP-80AA	OP-100AA
	Nominal diameter DN	50	80	100
	air flow 118 Pa, m 3 / h	25	60	100
	Height, H, mm	80	80	94
	Diameter, D, mm	140	194	207
		14	18	18
	Number of fixing holes	4	4	4
		10
	Weight, kg, no more	1,3	2,62	3,6

Flame arrester OP-AAN	Options		OP 50AAN	OP 80AAN	OP 100AAN	OP 150AAN	OP 200AAN	OP 250AAN	OP 300AAN	OP 350AAN	OP 500AAN
	Conditional passage DN		50	80	100	150	200	250	300	350	500
	Checkpoint ability with resistance leniya air flow 118 Pa, m 3 / h		100	150	200	215	380	600	750	900	2200
	Height, H, mm		172	200	197	231	255	243	275	419	317
	Diameter, Dн, mm		160	214	230	303	375	450	530	610	858
	Attach- body dimensions, mm	D D1 d n, pcs	141 110 14 4	184 150 17 4	205 170 17 4	262 225 18 4	315 280 18 4	370 335 18 6	435 395 22 6	485 445 22 6	644 600 22 16
	Time conservation work- capabilities, min., not less than		10
	Weight, kg, no more		3	5	6,1	10	16	27	30	45	74

Flame arrester PP

Flame arresters PP are temporary flame arresters that prevent flames from penetrating into the gas space of tanks. Fastened with flanges to mounting pipes; a gasket is installed between the flange and the body, which ensures tightness.

The flame arrester is made of flat or corrugated bands and can be made of aluminum or stainless steel. The established service life of flame arresters PP from aluminum alloys is 5 years, from stainless steel - 10 years.

Fire fluid fuses

Fluid fire protectors are used to prevent a possible fire in a diesel or gasoline storage tank that can occur when gas or vapor escapes into the atmosphere. They can be manufactured in cast iron or aluminum housing. The blocking element is made of aluminum strips, which accumulate the heat of the flame and extinguish it.

Installation is carried out on the receiving pipeline.

Liquid flame arrester POL	Options	POZH-80
	Conditional pass, D	80
	Pressure, MPa	0,25
	Bandwidth at resistance air flow 118 Pa, m³/h	80 - 100
	Height (H), mm	94
	Diameter (D), mm	207
	Mounting hole diameter	18
	Number of fixing holes	4
	Mounting hole diameter	170
	Weight, kg	3,6
	Serviceability retention time, min., not less than	10
	Established service life, years	8

Communication fire fuse POK

POK fire fuses are installed on oil pipelines to prevent the flame from moving along it. The maximum pressure in the pipeline is up to 1.6 MPa.

Their design is more reinforced, since the movement of the working medium occurs at high speed and at high pressure. Having a minimum hydraulic resistance, the liquid passes freely.

The flame retardant element has high heat resistance and fire resistance. When the flame passes through the flame extinguishing element, the temperature drops below the flash point of the working product. This results in extinction.

POK fire fuses are manufactured in U and UHL climatic modifications of placement category 1.

Communication fire fuse POK	Options		POK-50	POK-80	POK-100	POK-150	POK-200	POK-250	POK-300	POK- 350	POK- 500
	Conditional passage DN		50	80	100	150	200	250	300	350	500
	Checkpoint ability with resistance phenomenon air flow 118 Pa, m 3 / h		25	75	100	215	380	600	300	900	2950
	Overall dimensions, mm	D.H.	215	245	280	335	460	520	600	710	840
		H	300	303	380	430	490	495	575	737	820
	Attach- body dimensions, mm	D	160	195	215	280	335	405	460	520	710
		D1	125	160	180	240	295	355	410	470	650
		d	18	18	18	22	22	26	30	26	33
		n	4	8	8	8	12	12	12	16	20
	Weight, kg, no more		20	28	39	55	113	145	245	290	545

Installation of fire arresters

They are mounted on the roof of vertical tanks under a breather or safety valve and are bolted to the mating flanges through a gasket. To protect pipelines under pressure up to 1.6 MPa, they are installed in the area where the gas-air mixture can exit.