Flushing the heating system. Method for flushing internal heating systems - technical documentation - general library - file directory - city of specialists in the field of engineering systems

During long-term operation heating system preventive actions should be taken to improve the performance of the system. Flushing the heating system is carried out by professionals, but it is quite possible to do it yourself if you follow the recommendations outlined in this article.

General concept and methods of flushing the heating system

Due to the decrease in the efficiency of the heating system, it is necessary to flush the pipeline, because the areas where the coolant slowly moves are silted up.

The large amount of water required for a heating system carries fine particles of sand, dust and other debris. This all settles on the pipes, and therefore it is worth cleaning the heating system. If a steel pipes do not have a coating against corrosion, mineral deposits appear on them over time.

Small particles clog pipes and slow down the heating system.

In apartment buildings, heating is flushed once a year, and in private ones, the owner decides on his own when the heating system should be flushed.

Reasons why you should flush the heating system:

• low level of heating;
• partial heating of radiators;
• Radiators close to the boiler heat better than distant ones.

The consequences of neglecting the flushing of the heating system:

• breakage and damage heating appliances systems;
• freezing the system in winter;
• large financial losses;
• failure of the entire system;
• emergency situations;
• overpayment of electricity due to poor-quality heating of the room.

The main methods of flushing the heating system:

1. chemical method- is used to restore the efficiency of the heating system, which long time has been exploited in high-rise building. Chemical cleaning consists of pouring an alkaline or acidic solution into the system, running the system for many hours with the solution and flushing, and then pouring ordinary water. Chemical solutions do an excellent job of removing rust on metal and cast iron radiators.

Tip: The chemical flushing method is not used if the heating system includes aluminum radiators.

2. Biological or dispersed - a special liquid is poured into the heating system to flush the heating system, saturated with living biobacteria. This washing method is the most efficient.

3. Hydropneumatic flushing of the heating system - it consists in cleaning the heating system using a hydraulic pump, which creates a lot of pressure, as a result of which the scale is partially destroyed and comes out. This method consists of two stages: flushing and pressure testing of the heating system.

4. Cleaning radiators involves the use of valve valves that shut off the water and allow you to clean individual elements heating systems.

5. To flush the heating system at large enterprises, electric pulse flushing is used. The essence of this method is to supply electric current to the system, as a result of this action, scale is separated from the pipeline.

Flushing the heating system using chemicals

One of the reliable and cheap ways to flush the heating system is chemical.

Advantages of flushing the heating system with chemical solutions:

• simplicity;
• low cost;
• quick result;
• does not require stopping the heating system;
• held both in winter and in summer;
• high quality.

Disadvantages of the chemical method:

• toxicity;
• not used in aluminum heating systems;
• problems with the disposal of solutions after washing.

Instructions for flushing the heating system with a chemical solution:

1. Before flushing, examine the heating system and select the most suitable chemical agent.

2. Dilute the chemical solution according to the instructions. Solutions are liquid and powder.

3. Connect the flushing device to the system after filling the container with solution.

4. Circulate the solution through the system. The selection of time is made by studying the pollution and the general condition of the heating system.

5. Drain the solution, flush the system several times and refill with water.

Biological or dispersed flushing of the heating system

The dispersed method of flushing the heating system is a more advanced analogue of the chemical method. During the use of a dispersed solution, the reagents do not destroy the structure of the metal, but only weaken the molecular relationships between metal product and scale or dirt.

Main advantages dispersed washing heating systems:

• it is used in any heating systems, including aluminum ones;
• solutions are environmentally friendly, do not harm either people or the environment;
• all dirt and plaque is removed in a split form and does not clog pipes;
• after washing, a hydrophobic film is created, which prevents the appearance of plaque during further operation.

To flush the system with a dispersed method, follow a series of steps:

1. Calculate the amount of reagent according to individual characteristics heating system.

2. Connect your device with circulation pump. And turn on the device to circulate the solution.

3. After penetration of the reagent, flush the system and drain the solution into the sewer.

4. In order to flush the heating system in winter, install a heat exchanger that will ensure that the heating system is closed.

Calculation of flushing the heating system by the hydropneumatic method

Before flushing the system, a number of preparatory work should be carried out:

• examination of the heating system;
• dividing the system into parts that will be flushed together or separately;
• set if necessary stopcocks, for separate flushing or overlapping of certain areas;
• calculate the flow of air and water to flush the system.

To flush the heating system, use an amount of water that exceeds the capacity of the heating system from three to five times. AT open systems heating is disinfected. During flushing, you should achieve light color water. To find out how full the system is with water, use a water meter.

Equipment for flushing the heating system

Flushing the heating system in-place requires special equipment, which is abbreviated as CIF - cleaning in place.

The installation consists of plastic tank with a pump. The flushing solution is poured into the tank, and the pump ensures that the system is filled.

• device must have automatic system control of giving of impulses for washing;
• the case of the device must withstand various disinfectants;
• make sure that the device is compact and easy to move;
• specify the presence of an indicator responsible for the level of pressure and water flow.

Consider several devices for flushing the heating system:

1. AquaMax Evolution 10 (Italy) - compact and mobile

Peculiarities:

• plastic tank 10 l;
• weight: 7000 g;
• the presence of a reverse flow;
• boiler and heat exchanger cleaning;
• price: $400.

2. Alfa Laval 20 (Sweden) - used for professional cleaning of the heating system.

Peculiarities:

• high level of acid resistance;
• the use of anti-corrosion plastic in the manufacture of the tank;
• weight: 8000 g;
• tank volume: 20 l;
• price: $1100.

Do-it-yourself technology for flushing the heating system

There are two ways to flush the heating system using the hydropneumatic method:

1. Open the valve responsible for the entry of air into the system and fill the system with water. Close the valve. Start the compressed air supply with the bleed valve open. When the mixture has passed through all appliances, drain the water. The system is flushed until clean water appears.

2. Open the valve and fill the system with water or mortar. Start compressed air supply. Stop feeding after fifteen minutes. Open the valve and drain the water. After that, rinse the system several times with running water.

Pressure testing of the heating system

After flushing the heating system at home, at least important process- checking the tightness and integrity of the system or pressure testing. Pressing is used as independent process without flushing or complex, after flushing the system.

The sequence of actions to perform pressure testing of the heating system:

1. Slowly fill the system with water. Never overpressure.

2. Leave the filled system for an hour or two. Use a pressure gauge to check the system.

3. If pressure drops in some places, inspect the system package and look for leaks.

4. Drain all or part of the water and fix the problem. Repeat the procedure several times.

Rules for flushing a collapsible heating system

Collapsible flushing is of two types:

1. Flushing the heating system of a collapsible type includes the following steps:

• disassembly of the heat exchanger;
• removal of all plates;
• soaking the plates in a special solution;
• manual washing of plates;
• pressure testing and assembly of the heat exchanger.

2. The second type of flushing includes:

• disassembly of the heat exchanger;
• directing the water jet into the radiator;
• removal of dirt, with the help of high pressure;
• system assembly.

Advantages of collapsible flushing:

• full confidence that the system is cleared;
• the ability to eliminate any pollution;
• control of the work process.

The disadvantage of collapsible flushing is the need for replacement rubber seals and other components that are out of order.

It is widely used for cleaning heating systems in apartment buildings. The technology of hydropneumatic flushing is based on the cleaning of sludge and deposits on the inner surface of pipes and heating radiators with a stream of water mixed with air supplied under pressure from the ceiling.

Hydropneumatic flushing of heating systems - instructions

• Flushing of the heating system is carried out in the presence of a representative of the energy supply organization.
• By the beginning of the flushing, the foreman of the heating unit of the district is invited and, in his presence, the flushing work begins.
• At the time of flushing, the heating system is disconnected from the district heating network with valves 1, 2, 3, 4. If the valves are not tight enough, additional blinds (plugs) made of 3 mm sheet steel should be installed.
• To the start of a new heating season these valves must be inspected.

Preparatory work

Rubber hoses are connected to the fittings used for flushing. Hoses (rubber sleeves) are connected with half nuts "ROT" (according to GOST 2217-76). On the air and water inlets, which will be used for flushing, it is necessary to install check valves.

Before flushing, remove the nozzle from the elevator.

• The system is filled cold water through valve 19 with an open valve 21 of the air collector and open valves 22 and 24, as well as closed valves 1; 2; 3; 4; 18; 20 and 23. After water appears in valve 21, this valve and valve 19 must be closed .
• Perform an air purge of each riser of the heating system.
• To do this, close all taps 24 on the risers. Open the air damper 18. Sequentially opening the taps 22 on the heating risers, the risers are blown with air from the bottom up.
• For the disposal of waste water after sewer system storm drain on fitting 20 you need to put on a flexible rubber hose.
• Starting from the distant riser, hydropneumatic washing is carried out sequentially of all risers.
• To do this, you need to open the valve 22 and 24 in series on the risers with the air valve 21 open. Next, open the water valve 19 and the air valve 18.

Then for washing

• sequentially fill the risers with water;
• close taps 21 and 23;
• open the water drainage through the 20th valve.

Turn on the air with the valve 18. With the valves 19 and 20 open, turn on the risers in series by opening the valves 24, starting from the farthest riser.

Hydropneumatic flushing of heating systems with bottom wiring

In heating systems with a lower heating wiring diagram, flushing is carried out in a similar way. The system is filled with water through valves 19; 24 and 22, while the valve 21 is open.

To divert the air-water mixture from several risers at once, the mixture is discharged into the storm drain through drainage 20 (see Fig. 2).

Hydropneumatic flushing of heating systems is carried out until the discharged water is completely clarified.

• After rinsing, you need to dump the residual water.
• Fill the heating system and make a one-time reset.
• Next, fill the system with water and take a sample for analysis.

Flushing the system is necessary after repair, installation, and also after the end of the heating season to remove sludge and dirt.
The most effective is hydropneumatic method flushing - bubbling water from compressed air to create a rapid movement of the environment in the system.
To exclude the possibility of contamination of an already washed area, washing is carried out in this sequence.
For flushing heating systems, the following fittings must be cut into the inlet (see Appendix 1):
for connecting the compressed air pipeline from the compressor DN 32mm (18),
for pipeline connection cold water DN 50mm (19),
for drainage of drained water DN 50mm (20).
To ensure the possibility of removing large contaminants from pipes, the diameter of the drain pipes should be taken from the following ratios:

Pipe length, mm up to 70 80-125 150-175
D branch pipe, mm 25 40 50

Discharge of flushing water if present drainage device in the chamber it is carried out directly into the drainage, and in the absence of drainage into the nearest storm drain or into the chamber, from where it is pumped out by pumps.
When flushing heating networks, mobile compressor stations such as VKS-1, AK-B, DK-9, with a capacity of 5-6 m3 / min, pressure up to 6 atm, or another type of diesel compressor can be used.
Depending on the bandwidth drainage device, compressor power and possible expense water, several flushing modes are used.
The normal flushing regime is considered to be the movement of the mixture, accompanied by shocks, slips alternately of water and air.
When inlet compressed air into the washed area, it is necessary to ensure that water cannot enter the compressor receiver, for which the valve on the water supply system should open only after the pressure in the receiver becomes greater than the water supply pressure.
Assuming the reduced rate of movement of the flushing water equal to 1 m/s, the approximate water consumption during flushing for various pipe diameters will be:

Pipe diameter, mm 50 70 80 100 125 150 200
Water consumption, m3/h 8 14 20 30 50 65 125

pressure tap water is selected in the range from 1.5-3.0 atm. With a pressure of more than 3.5 atm, stressful operating conditions of the compressor are created, under which it cannot provide a normal flushing of the network.
At a pressure of 1 atm, compressed air from the compressor can close the access of water to the pipeline and at the end of the section, one air will exit. In this case, you should alternate the operation of the compressor with its stops for 10-15 minutes with a continuous supply of water.
Keep the air pressure in the flushed pipeline at 3-3.5 atm.

In addition, it is necessary to comply with the requirements for the placement and placement of input nodes in accordance with SNIP ||-33-75, and each input node must contain (see Fig. 1.):
- water jet elevator (16),
- installed calculated narrowing device (nozzle) (17),
- mud collectors on the supply and return lines (14.15)
- four valves (1,2,3,4)
- inserts for pressure gauges (5,6,7,8,9)
- inserts for thermometers (10,11,12,13).

If there are no tie-ins for flushing the internal heating system and, as a result, no flushing is carried out, the consumer will not be connected during the heating season, as it clogs the heat distribution networks.
And also the absence of tie-ins for pressure gauges and thermometers does not make it possible to carry out commissioning work, consequently, consumer claims for unsatisfactory heat supply will not be accepted and all responsibility lies with the Housing Office.

Heavily polluted heating systems that have not been washed for a long time are washed in three stages.
First stage.
Flushing with compressed air of each riser from the bottom up with the heating system filled with water (to loosen deposits), starting from the most distant riser.
Second phase.
Flushing each riser with an air-water mixture.
Third stage.
Flushing of distributing pipelines with water-air mixture.

With annual flushing, you can limit yourself to flushing risers in groups (up to 5 risers).

The procedure for flushing internal heating systems
hydropneumatic method.

1. ZhEK agrees with the regional branch of the enterprise the schedule for flushing.
2. By the specified time, a representative of the enterprise (master of the thermal district) is invited and, in his presence, the housing office starts flushing work.
3. For the period of flushing, the heating system is disconnected from the quarterly network with valves 1, 2, 3, 4, and if they are not dense enough, additional plugs (blinds) are installed from sheet steel with a thickness of at least 3 mm.
By the beginning of the heating season, all four valves must be inspected.
4. Attach flexible hoses (rubber hoses) to the flushing fittings using half nuts according to GOST 2217-76 (half nuts "ROT"). Check valves must be provided for cold water and air inlets.
5. Flushing is carried out after the nozzle is removed from the elevator.

The system is filled with water through the valve 19 with the valve 21 of the air collector open and the valves (valves) 22.24 open and the valves (valves) 1,2,3,4,18,20,23 closed. After the appearance of water in the tap 21, the tap and valve 19 are closed.
Produce air purge of each riser.
To do this, close all the taps 24 on the risers. Open valve 18 (air). By successively opening the valve 22 on the risers, the risers are blown with air from the bottom up.
To drain water into the sewer, a flexible rubber hose is put on the fitting 20 to eject the mixture into the storm drain.
Rinse each riser, starting with the most remote.
To do this, the valve 22.24 is opened sequentially on the risers with the air vent 21 open. The valves 19 (water) and 18 (air) are opened.
Then for flushing:
sequentially fill the risers with water;
close the taps 21, 23;
open the water drainage through the valve 20.
Turn on the air through the valve 18 and with the valves 19, 20 open, the risers are turned on in series by opening the valves 24 (gates), starting from the most remote riser.
In systems with lower wiring heating circuits, flushing is similar. The system is filled with water through the valves 19, 24 (valve), 22 with the tap 21 open.
Then each riser is purged with air, starting with the last one. With constant flushing, discharge from the riser can be done through valve 23a.
To drain the water-air mixture from several risers, the mixture is discharged through drainage 20 into the storm drain (see Fig. 2).
The calculation nozzle is installed.
Filling the system network water, is carried out in the presence of a representative of the enterprise.

Scheduled flushing and pressure testing of the heating system maintains the stable operation of heating networks. Flushing the heating circuits allows you to clean internal surfaces from the formed scale, rust, plaque and deposits. Periodic pressure testing ensures established by the norms heat transfer at a given pressure. Well-maintained equipment helps to reduce energy costs, maintain productivity and high performance of the heating system.

What is flushing and pressure testing of the heating system

building codes and the rules regulate the sequence and technical details performance of work on flushing and pressure testing of heating. They contain diagrams and instructions that serve as a binding guide. Based on the provisions set out in the SNiP, the essence of the concepts of “flushing” and “pressure testing” follows. This is a complex of works, including chemical, hydropneumatic cleaning, hydraulic testing and adjustment of heating equipment.

What is flushing

Flushing prepares heating network for testing; apply different ways cleaning of the inner walls of the pipeline. Compressors or special installations are used for these purposes.

Flushing pump for heating systems

Pipe deposits contain ferrous oxide, oxides of magnesium, calcium, copper, zinc and trivalent sulfur oxide. Is it worth it to remove such a plaque? The presence of plaque leads to an increased load on the heating equipment, provokes breakdowns and gusts, and at the same time reduces the efficiency of the heating main.

Comparison: unrefined and new pipe

Important! Flushing of heating systems should be carried out every 5-7 years. Missing the deadlines is fraught with disruption of the heating season and interruptions in the operation of the system.

The essence of the pressing procedure

Pressing is hydraulic test system in order to check it for leaks and breakdowns, adjust the pressure indicators in accordance with the standards. Tests are carried out by supplying pressurized water or air to the system using a hydraulic pump.

Electric pump for crimping

Pressing is carried out in the following cases:

• upon completion of heating installation (commissioning of the system);
• when replacing heating appliances and parts of the pipeline;
• when preparing the system for the heating season.

Among key indicators, affecting the coolant and the quality of heating, is the working pressure. The pressure limits depend on the number of storeys and the type of building. Failures in the movement of the coolant caused by deposits in pipes, leaks, breakage of devices lead to sudden pressure drops.

Important! If the pressure is 40% or more higher than the operating parameters, flushing and pressure testing of the heating is mandatory.

The sequence of work on pressure testing of the heating system

How to prepare a heating system for pressure testing

The main purpose of pressure testing is to check the heating circuit for leaks. Injected during testing overpressure provokes the failure of units, devices unsuitable for further operation and helps to identify emergency areas.

On the preparatory stage turn off the entire heating system, drain the coolant (antifreeze or water). Before pressure testing, inspect nodes, valves and other stop valves, cut off the heating circuit with a plug from the common line. If necessary, restore the insulation of the pipeline and change the stuffing box seals.

The process of pressure testing the heating system

The procedure itself includes the following steps:

• filling the system with water or air at an acceptable pressure (1.5 times higher than the working pressure), hydraulic or pneumatic equipment is used;
• identification of problems in the system;
• detection of leaks, places of exit of water and air.

Important! When testing, the following parameters should be taken into account:

• type of pipeline (from what material, wall thickness);
• reinforcement characteristics;
• number of storeys of the building;
• wiring type.

In order to avoid a rupture of the pipeline during the test, the readings of pressure gauges are monitored. To detect leaks in a multi-storey building, air or water is released at a pressure higher than the working one by 30%. The set value is monitored for half an hour, if the readings remain stable, then the crimping is considered completed.

A drop in pressure indicates depressurization, leaks in the heating circuit. Find the location of the accident. Before repair, water is drained (partial drain is allowed), tightness is restored, then pressure testing is carried out again.

At what pressure are tests carried out?

In order to choose the right pressure for pressure testing, they are guided by the operating pressure indicators: for private houses - 1.5-2 atmospheres, for low-rise buildings with centralized network- 2-4 atmospheres, in 9-storey buildings - 5-7 atmospheres, in high-rise buildings - 7-10 atmospheres, from the CHP along the heating main, the coolant pressure is 12 atmospheres.

Indicators allowable pressure in pipes

Crimping work at the start of new heating equipment is carried out at a pressure twice the standard values. All subsequent tests are done with an increase in pressure by 20-50% of the operating parameters.

Who does heating pressure testing?

The responsibility for the preparation of heating systems lies with the organizations operating the premises. Residential buildings are serviced by public utilities employees of management companies. In the administrative industrial premises such work is carried out by service personnel.

Based on safety standards and position professional approach, if necessary, it is better to contact certified personnel if pressure testing and flushing of heating is necessary. Qualified crimpers own necessary knowledge and technologies. In addition, they have special equipment and the ability to work freely thermal node.

Video: flushing the heating system and heat exchangers

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Question

Tell me where you can get the program for flushing the heating system in the MKD.

Answer

Flushing the heating system in the MKD is a mandatory work performed by the managing organization in order to properly maintain heat supply systems (heating, hot water supply) in apartment building. This is provided for in paragraph 19 of the minimum list of services and works necessary to ensure proper maintenance common property in an apartment building, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 03.04.2013 No. 290.

Regularity and technology for flushing the heating system in MKD

Flushing of the heating system in an apartment building is carried out annually after heating period and after installation, overhaul, current repair with the replacement of pipes (in open systems, the systems must also be disinfected before commissioning).

The systems are flushed with water in amounts exceeding the calculated flow rate of the coolant by 3-5 times annually after the heating period, while achieving complete clarification of the water. When carrying out hydropneumatic flushing, the flow rate of the water-air mixture should not exceed 3-5 times the calculated flow rate of the coolant.

For flushing heating systems in MKD, tap water or process water. In open heat supply systems, the final flushing after disinfection is carried out with water that meets the requirements of the current standard for drinking water, until the indicators of discharged water reach the required sanitary standards for drinking water, for condensate pipelines, the quality of the discharged water must comply with the requirements depending on the condensate use scheme.

These requirements are provided for in clause 9.2.9 of the Rules technical operation thermal power plants approved by the Order of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation of March 24, 2003 No. 115 (hereinafter referred to as the Rules).

Similar requirements are provided for in clause 5.2.10 of the Rules and Norms for Technical Operation housing stock, approved by the Decree of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation of September 27, 2003 No. 170.

• Malfunction of the heating system and flooding of the apartment: who should be responsible for this

Heating flushing program

At the same time, flushing of the pipelines of the heating system is carried out according to a program approved by the technical manager of the organization and agreed with the heat source ( heat supply organization). This is provided for in clause 6.2.20 of the Rules.

The current legislation of the Russian Federation does not provide for a special form of the program for flushing heating systems. Therefore, such a program is prepared in a free form with the obligatory coordination with the heat supply organization.