Preparing the system for the heating season. Preparing for the heating season

The heating season is a very important and difficult process which requires careful preparation. It is mainly carried out in spring and summer. From efficiency and timing preparatory work depends on the beginning of the heating season 2017-2018.

Preparing for the heating season

The thermal regime in our homes, in social infrastructure institutions, in administrative buildings for various purposes as well as in enterprises different shapes property in autumn and winter period. It is no coincidence that this entire process is strictly controlled by the Department of Fuel and Energy Economy.

For the timely implementation of the entire scope of work, a special program was created, which clearly indicates the sequence of actions that should be performed. Among the priorities of this program are:

  • Creation in executive bodies the authorities of the commissions, the purpose of which is to control the preparation, timing and scope of upcoming work.
  • Creation of a schedule of preparatory work and a control launch of heating, in order to preliminary identify all the shortcomings and, if necessary, troubleshoot.
  • Drawing up an estimate of all upcoming work on the repair and replacement of obsolete equipment.

When will it start

This question worries all city dwellers without exception. In this regard, it should be noted that the date of switching on the heating is adjusted every year. Many people are perplexed why not set fixed terms for connecting heat. Everything is explained very simply. Every year temperature regime different in one area or another. Therefore, constant updating of the schedule is required. It is not possible to set uniform deadlines for such big country like Russia. After all, somewhere frosts in Russia begin in September, and somewhere only a month later. The process of starting heating is fixed by law in all details:

Conditions for connecting and disconnecting heat

All of the above work in each region of the Russian Federation can be regulated in its own way. The table shows the approximate time frame for the completion of the work. In each individual subject of the Russian Federation, work can be carried out earlier if the following conditions are met:

  • The rules regulate the timing of turning on heating within October 1-15. The last date is deadline when you need to turn on the heat.
  • The second condition for supplying heating is the indicator average daily temperature+8 °C for five days. Delaying the timing of turning on the heat can lead to freezing of the system, which will entail considerable additional budgetary costs.
  • Turning off the heating system in each region also depends on specific weather conditions. This period begins in mid-April and lasts a whole month. It will depend on the specific forecast of weather forecasters whether you will be turned off earlier or later. Agree that it is irrational to supply heat if it is abnormally warm outside. Heating will most likely be turned off if it is above +8 ° C outside for more than five days.

When will the heating be turned on in Moscow

The last heating season in Moscow passed with some nuances. The start of the season went off without a hitch, but the end heating period had to twice. The heating was turned off for the first time in accordance with existing legislation, when steady heat set in in the capital, and the temperature did not fall below eight degrees Celsius for five days. It happened on May 1st. It should be noted that these days the weather was very warm. It was even recorded heat for this time - over 25 degrees. The public utilities did their job very well and turned off the heat. However, a few days later frosts came and suddenly it started to snow. I had to turn on the heating again in hospitals and children's preschool institutions. This situation again raised the question: “What date is it better to turn on and turn off the heating?”. Thus, in the spring of 2017, the schedule for preparing for the next heating season was shifted.

Utilities in Moscow on May 15 reported on the shutdown of all heating networks and the start of preparations for the new heating season. All bugs that arose during hydraulic tests system, and repaired or replaced with a new necessary equipment. This result was achieved due to the organization of a special repair service, which carried out monitoring in time necessary work and corrected all problems in a timely manner. It is necessary to carry out preventive work in 73 thousand buildings, among which 7.5 thousand are social facilities and 33 thousand are residential buildings. As Deputy Mayor of Moscow P. Biryukov noted, the corresponding metropolitan services will be ready for the new season on August 25th. It is already known from official sources that the heating season 2017-2018 in the capital will begin in the middle of the first month of autumn.

How St. Petersburg solves heating problems

The preliminary dates for turning on heating in the northern capital are the first ten days of October. True, I must say that the weather can make adjustments to these plans. The experience of the protracted previous heating season (242 days) once again confirms this. by the most early term launch heating system considered the first of October. Until October 10, the entire housing stock of the city, as a rule, is always connected to heat. First of all, heat is provided by health authorities, kindergartens, schools and others. important objects metropolis. Housing is connected to heat gradually from 5 to 10 October. It becomes cold in Northern Palmyra already at the end of September, so many people save themselves with electric heaters even before the start of the heating season.

According to A. Bondarchuk, Chairman of the Energy Committee, due to the longest heating season in 2016-2017 over the past 37 years, the timing of preparatory work for the new season has shifted somewhat. Recall that due to the cold spring, heating in the city was turned off only on May 19.

Twenty-nine thousand buildings must be prepared for the coming season, of which twenty-three thousand are housing. For these purposes, 66.6 billion rubles will be spent. Budget allocations will reach 13 billion rubles. Last year, similar expenses amounted to a smaller amount - 55.1 billion rubles.

rules technical operation thermal power plants Team of authors

11. PREPARATION FOR THE HEATING PERIOD

11.1. In preparation for the heating period, in order to ensure the reliability of heat supply to consumers, it is necessary to complete the set of measures, the main ones being:

elimination of identified violations in the thermal and hydraulic modes of operation of thermal power plants;

testing equipment of heat sources, heating networks, heating points and heat consumption systems for density and strength;

drilling of heating networks, cuttings from pipelines to determine the corrosive wear of pipe metal;

flushing of equipment and communications of heat sources, pipelines of heat networks, heat points and heat consumption systems;

testing of heating networks for thermal and hydraulic losses, maximum temperature coolant in accordance with the terms determined by these Rules;

development operating conditions heat supply systems, as well as measures for their implementation.

11.2. In preparation for the upcoming heating period, defects in the operation of equipment and deviations from the hydraulic and thermal regimes are identified, work plans are drawn up, and the necessary technical documentation and material and technical resources.

Schedules for preparation for the upcoming heating period of heat sources, heat networks and heat consumption systems are developed before the end of the current heating period, but no later than May of the current year.

11.3. To ensure reliable and safe work systems of heat supply, timely elimination of accidents and prevention of their development in organizations, trainings are held on the interaction of personnel in the elimination of emergency situations, organizational and technical measures (instructions) have been developed.

11.4. Before the start of the heating period, heat supply organizations develop and approve in the authorities local government schedules of restrictions on the supply of thermal energy and coolant in case of taking urgent measures to prevent or eliminate accidents in the heat supply system.

11.5. To check the readiness for the heating season, upon acceptance of heat points, the following is checked and drawn up by acts:

implementation of a plan repair work and the quality of their implementation;

the condition of the heat pipelines of the heat network owned by the consumer of heat energy;

the state of insulation of buildings (attics, stairwells, basements, doors, etc.) and central heat points, as well as individual heat points;

the condition of pipelines, fittings and thermal insulation within the heating points;

availability and condition of instrumentation and automatic regulators;

operability of protection of heat consumption systems;

availability of passports for thermal power plants, circuit diagrams and instructions for maintenance personnel and their compliance with reality;

lack of direct connections of the equipment of heating points with water supply and sewerage;

density of heat point equipment;

the presence of seals on the design washers and nozzles of the elevators.

11.6. To check the readiness of heating systems and the heat supply system as a whole for operation in the heating period, trial furnaces are carried out before it begins. Trial fireboxes are carried out after completion of work on preparing the heat supply system for the autumn-winter period. The start and duration of test fires are determined by the schedule of the heat supply organization, which should be agreed with the local government and brought to the attention of consumers no later than three days before the start of the test fire.

11.7. The heating period begins if the average daily outdoor temperature is +8 °C or lower for five days, and ends if the average daily outdoor temperature is +8 °C or higher for five days. Turning on and off heat consumption systems is carried out according to a schedule agreed with the energy supply organization.

11.8. At the end of the heating season or during shutdown hot water boilers and auxiliary equipment boiler room are conserved. Preservation methods are selected by a specialized commissioning organization, based on local conditions, based on the recommendations of the current guidelines on the conservation of heat and power equipment and are included in the conservation instructions approved by the technical director of the organization. When hot water boilers are put into operation, as well as before the start of the heating season, heat networks and internal systems heat consumption is pre-washed.

11.9. Energy supply organizations with heat sources ensure the creation of standard fuel reserves in a timely manner.

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11. PREPARATION FOR THE HEATING PERIOD 11.1. In preparation for the heating period, in order to ensure the reliability of heat supply to consumers, it is necessary to carry out a set of measures within the established time frame, the main of which are: elimination of identified violations in

checking readiness for the heating season _______/_______

__________________________ “_____”_______________ 20__

(place of drawing up the act) (date of drawing up of the act)

Commission formed by ________________________________________________,

(the form of the document and its details, which formed the commission)

in accordance with the program for conducting a readiness test for

heating period from “____”________________ 20__, approved

________________________________________________________________________,

(full name of the head (his deputy) of the body conducting the inspection

from “___” ____________ 20__ to “___” _____________ 20__ in accordance with

conducted a readiness check for the heating season _____________________

organization, heat grid organization, consumer of thermal energy in

for which the heating readiness test was carried out

Checking readiness for the heating period was carried out in relation to

the following objects:

1.________________________;

2.________________________;

3.________________________;

During the inspection of readiness for the heating period, the commission

installed: _____________________________________________________________.

(readiness / unavailability for work in the heating period)

Conclusion of the commission based on the results of the check of readiness for heating

period:_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________.

Annex to the act of checking readiness for the heating season __/__

Commission Chairman: ________________________________________________

Vice-chairman

commissions: ________________________________________________

(signature, transcript of signature)

Commission members: ________________________________________________

(signature, transcript of signature)

I am familiar with the readiness check report, one copy of the report was received by:

“___”____________ 20__ ______________________________________________

(signature, transcript of the signature of the head

(his authorized representative)

municipal formation, heat supply

organizations, heat grid organizations,

consumer of thermal energy in relation to

which was tested for readiness for

heating season)

______________________________

* If the commission has comments on the fulfillment of the readiness requirements

or if the requirements for readiness are not met, a list is attached to the act

comments, indicating the deadlines for their elimination.

readiness for the heating season _______/______

Issued by __________________________________________________________________,

(full name of the municipality, heat supply

organization, heat grid organization, consumer of thermal energy

in respect of which the readiness for heating test was carried out

In relation to the following objects, which were checked

readiness for the heating period:

1._______________________;

2._______________________;

3._______________________;

The basis for issuing a passport of readiness for the heating season:

The act of checking readiness for the heating season dated __________ No. _________.

______________________________________________________

(signature, transcript of the signature and seal of the authorized

body that formed the commission for the inspection

readiness for the heating period)

Criteria
reliability of heat supply to consumers of thermal energy, taking into account climatic conditions

1. Consumers of thermal energy are divided into three categories according to the reliability of heat supply:

the first category - consumers, in respect of which interruptions in the supply of thermal energy and a decrease in the air temperature in the premises below the values ​​provided for technical regulations and other mandatory requirements;

residential and public buildings up to 12°С;

industrial buildings up to 8°С;

2. When emergency situations at the source of heat energy or in heat networks during the entire repair and restoration period, the following must be provided (unless other modes are provided for by the heat supply agreement):

supply of thermal energy (coolant) in full to consumers of the first category;

supply of thermal energy (coolant) for heating and ventilation to housing and communal and industrial consumers of the second and third categories in the amounts specified in;

agreed by the parties to the heat supply agreement, the emergency mode of steam consumption and technological hot water;

agreed by the parties to the heat supply agreement emergency thermal mode of operation of non-switchable ventilation systems;

average daily heat consumption for the heating period for hot water supply (if it is impossible to turn it off).

Table No. 1

Document overview

It has been established how readiness for the heating season is assessed.

For this purpose, checks are carried out. In relation to municipalities, they are carried out by Rostekhnadzor, for heat supply and heat network organizations - by local governments of settlements / urban districts. The latter also control heat consumers. It is established who falls into this category.

It is regulated how the check is carried out.

Thus, control measures are carried out by a special commission formed by the above-mentioned bodies. When checking consumers, the commission may include representatives of a single heat supply organization, as well as one to whose heat networks heat-consuming installations are directly connected.

The inspection is carried out in accordance with the approved program. At the same time, members of the commission can not only get acquainted with the documents, but also inspect the objects of verification.

Requirements have been established that are verified in relation to municipalities, heat supply and heat network organizations, as well as consumers of heat energy.

For example, in relation to heat supply and heat network organizations, they check the existence of an agreement on the management of the heat supply system, the readiness to fulfill the heat load schedule, the functioning of the operational, dispatching and emergency services. Also, attention is paid to the quality of heat carriers, ensuring trouble-free operation of facilities, organizing commercial accounting of purchased and sold heat energy, etc.

The check is closed by an act (its form is approved). If there are comments, a list of violations that need to be eliminated is attached to it.

Persons to whom there are no claims, as well as those who eliminated violations in time, are issued a passport of readiness for the heating season. Deadline - 15 days (but no later than September 15 - for heat consumers, November 1 - for heat supply and heat network organizations, November 15 - for municipalities).

Criteria for the reliability of heat supply have been approved, taking into account climatic conditions.

REGULATIONS

PREPARATION AND CARRYING OUT THE HEATING

SEASON IN SAINT PETERSBURG

(as amended by the Amendments made by the protocol of the City MVK

dated 14.04.2006 N 11, Protocols of the City Interregional Commission

dated 31.08.2007 N 4, dated 25.04.2008 N 10, dated 08.08.2008 N 3)

2. Preparation for the heating season

2.1. Preparation for the heating season includes:

Identification of deficiencies in the past heating season, development and implementation of measures to eliminate the identified defects and violations;

Issuance of an order (instruction) on the results of the past heating season with the approval of an action plan for the preparation of the engineering and energy complex, housing and communal services and other buildings for social purposes for the new heating season;

Concluding contracts with contractors, resolving issues of financing and logistics;

Carrying out the necessary work on heat supply sources, incl. inspections and tests of boilers, vessels, pipelines in accordance with the requirements of Rostekhnadzor of the Russian Federation;

Execution of work on engineering networks for reconstruction, capital and current repairs, testing and flushing, development of a heat release schedule and hydraulic mode thermal networks;

Carrying out work on the preparation of buildings, prevention, repair and replacement of equipment in engineering systems;

Performance of work on water supply systems of heat supply sources;

Preparation of fuel depots, repair of engineering equipment of reserve fuel facilities, fuel supply systems, fuel preparation, railway and automobile access roads, fire fighting facilities;

Creation of planned fuel reserves.

2.2. Works on heat supply sources must be completed:

For the repair and prevention of electricity, water and gas communications, ensuring the inclusion of heat sources in the work - until August 25;

To ensure the needs of heating during the passage of the winter maximum temperatures - until November 15.

2.3. Works on scheduled preventive maintenance of the backup fuel economy and fuel stockpiling should be completed by 1 October.

2.4. Deadline for submission to the Committee on Energy and engineering support acts of readiness and technical testing of the fuel economy - until October 5 in the form of Appendix 12.

2.5. Maintenance work, maintenance work on heating networks, inputs and in-house heat supply systems should be completed before September 1, while by August 20, the transfer of hot water supply to consumers to supply pipelines should be ensured.

2.6. Heating network in accordance with the current regulatory and technical documentation, they must be subjected to hydraulic tests for strength and density (pressure testing) and tests for maximum temperature.

The procedure for conducting hydraulic tests of heat networks for strength and density (pressure testing) and tests for the maximum temperature of the coolant is specified in Appendix 7. Acts are drawn up based on the test results.

2.7. All types of tests of thermal networks are carried out separately. In all cases, careful monitoring of all points of the heating network indicated in the test program, and operational communication between test managers, individual performers and consumers, must be ensured.

2.8. Heat supply organizations coordinate with the administrations of St. Petersburg districts and the Committee on Energy and Engineering Support schedules for scheduled repairs (shutdown) of CHPPs, boiler houses and heat networks, as well as schedules for testing heat networks, followed by informing SUE "Vodokanal of St. Petersburg", the Housing Committee and State Housing Inspectorate of St. Petersburg before May 1.

2.9. Deadline for submitting schedules for approval to the Committee for Energy and Engineering and District Administrations:

Hydraulic testing of heating networks for strength and density (pressure testing) at the end of the heating season - until April 15.

The term of coordination of schedules is no more than 2 weeks.

2.10. In the schedules for the repair of heat networks and sources of heat supply, a break in the supply of hot water to consumers may be allowed in agreement with the administrations of the districts for a period of not more than 15 days. Shutdowns of hot water supply for a longer period or repeated shutdowns associated with the reconstruction, repair and testing of heat supply sources and heat networks are agreed with the administrations of St. Do not allow DHW shutdown during the periods from May 20 to June 10 and from August 15 to September 1.

(clause 2.10 - as amended by the Protocol of the City Interregional Commission dated 08.08.2008 N 3)

2.11. Heat networks after installation, overhaul and reconstruction should be subjected to hydraulic flushing. After performing emergency work on heating mains, heat supply organizations are obliged to carry out hydraulic flushing of these sections of networks.

Consumption volumes network water for flushing systems central heating, ventilation and hot water supply of buildings with network water are fixed according to a separate act.

Flushing is considered completed when, during inspection of the samples taken at water consumption by representatives of the subscriber and the heat supply organization, the color of the water at the drain must match the color of the source water.

Responsibility for the quality of flushing of heating networks rests with the organizations operating these networks, and for the systems of central heating, ventilation and hot water supply of buildings - with the owner of the thermal power plant.

2.12. Owners of heating networks, inputs, in-house systems, before April 30, coordinate with heat supply organizations the schedules for their presentation for readiness for the heating season. The timing of the preparation of networks, inputs, in-house systems should be linked to the schedules for repairs of heat networks and heat supply sources. Agreed schedules for the presentation of objects of readiness for the heating season are submitted to the administration of the districts of St. Petersburg.

2.13. Heat consumers in the process of preparing for the heating season carry out:

At the end of the heating season, an inspection of the technical condition of buildings and their engineering equipment with filling out a passport of readiness of the object for work in winter conditions according to the results of the spring inspection. Finally, the object readiness passport is issued based on the results of the autumn inspection in the form of Appendix 11;

Works on the prevention and repair of intra-house systems, inputs and intra-quarter networks, which include:

Necessary work on preventive measures and troubleshooting and damage. Responsible for the good condition and safe operation thermal power plants determines the necessary amount of repair to maintain the equipment of central heating, ventilation and hot water supply systems of buildings in good and operable condition,

Mechanical cleaning or chemical washing of heaters,

Cosmetic repairs of premises of heating points,

Revision or replacement of shut-off valves of a heat-consuming installation or a heat input,

Flushing of central heating systems by hydraulic method annually and hydropneumatically 1 time in 2 years (Appendix 8),

Flushing of intra-quarter networks and inputs that are on the balance of the subscriber,

Pressure testing of house systems, elevator nodes and intra-quarter networks that are on the balance of the subscriber, for pressure in accordance with the current Rules,

Fabrication and installation of diaphragms and nozzles according to calculations submitted by heat supply organizations, taking into account the results of adjustment in the past heating season. The installation is carried out by the heat consumer under the control of the heat supply organization,

door insulation, staircases, attics, basements, internal wiring, restoration of locks on the doors of premises of heating points, attics, water metering units,

Creation of a normal temperature and humidity regime of attics and basements,

Insulation of water metering units at water inlets,

Installation in accordance with the technical documentation in central heating points, elevator nodes and heat points that are on the balance of the subscriber, control and measuring instruments and devices for regulating and accounting for heat supply, performing the work specified in the instructions of the territorial body of Rostekhnadzor, as well as work stipulated by the terms of the concluded heat supply contracts,

(as amended by the Protocol of the City MVK dated August 31, 2007 N 4)

Testing of inputs of power supply of residential buildings and brownies electrical networks, including checking fuses and circuit breakers for compliance with the project.

The person responsible for the good condition and safe operation of thermal power plants is responsible for organizing work on the preparation of heat consumption systems for buildings and heat networks that are on the balance sheet of the subscriber, and for complying with the requirements of safety regulations.

2.14. Acceptance of heat consumption systems after the completion of the work listed in clause 2.13 is formalized by an interim act, taking into account the identified comments. Subject to the elimination of comments on the interim act, staffing with trained and certified personnel, the readiness of facilities for heat supply is confirmed by a bilateral act in the form of Appendix 10. Heat consumption facilities must be prepared by September 1.

2.15. After preparing the heating systems, it is preserved by filling with network water with disconnection from the external network, if necessary - with the installation of plugs.

2.16. Turning on heat consumption systems without acts of checking the readiness of the facility heat supply organization not allowed.

2.17. Newly connected and reconstructed heat-consuming installations of consumers must comply with the technical conditions for connection, made in accordance with project documentation agreed in in due course with the heat supply organization and the territorial body of Rostekhnadzor.

Prior to the commissioning of thermal installations and heating networks, the customer, together with the contractor, conducts the tests, adjustment and flushing provided for in the design documentation in the presence of a representative of the heat supply organization and an inspector of the territorial body of Rostekhnadzor.

2.18. Preparation for the heating season of heating networks, central heating points, pumping stations, central heating systems and hot water supply of new buildings that are not accepted for operation by specialized organizations is provided by construction organizations. All necessary inserts in engineering Communication must be completed by October 1st.

2.19. The organization - the supplier of natural gas, the gas distribution organization and Rostekhnadzor in St. Petersburg develop quarterly schedules for switching consumers to reserve fuels during cold snaps, approve them in the Committee for Energy and Engineering 25 days before the quarter for which they are calculated, and 15 days are sent to the enterprises involved in the schedules.

2.20. The readiness of energy supply organizations to work in the heating season is assessed in accordance with the Regulations on the assessment of the readiness of electricity and heat supply organizations to work in the autumn-winter period.

The readiness of residential and public buildings for operation in the heating season is confirmed by passports (Appendix 11), which are issued before September 15 on the basis of acts of checking the readiness of the object by the heat supply organization, State Unitary Enterprise "Vodokanal of St. and gas distribution organization (Appendix 9).

Life in the private sector is somewhat different from living in a city apartment and its comfort depends entirely on the actions of the owner of the building. From the central highways, only electricity and gas are supplied to the house.

Rest domestic issues everyone decides for himself. It is necessary to know the rules for preparing and conducting the heating season in a private house so that during the cold season the housing is warm and cozy.

Preparing the heating system for the winter season

When creating any of the individual heating First of all, you need to follow the rules fire safety. This is especially true for houses with furnace heating. Your actions:

  1. Check the chimney and stove for damage. If necessary, correct the masonry, replace the grate and cover the cracks with clay mortar.
  2. Be sure to clean the chimney of accumulated soot.
  3. Check the contact of the chimney with the elements roofing system. Wooden structure should not be tightly attached to the chimney.
  4. Whitewash the repaired structure and heat the stove. If not all cracks are sealed, you will immediately see.
  5. Move furniture away from the stove at least one meter away.
  6. Cover the flooring near the firebox and ash pan with a sheet of iron or tile.
  7. Check the operation of the damper on the chimney and integrity hob, if there is one.
  8. Relocate the wire electrical system, sockets and switches located near the stove.
  9. To store firewood and coal, allocate a separate dry room. Calculate the fuel supply in advance so that it is enough for the season.
  10. Protect your family from possible poisoning carbon monoxide by installing a simple gas detector.

Rules for preparing and conducting the heating season in a private house using electric heating you also need to know and observe:

  1. First of all, carefully inspect the cables and replace if necessary. Do not use wires with broken insulation - this is a direct path to spontaneous combustion.
  2. Call a specialist for Maintenance electric heaters available in the house.
  3. In order not to be left without heat during natural disasters and possible damage to the power line, take care of alternative way home heating. It can be a gas boiler independent of the energy carrier, a wood-burning stove or a fireplace.


If you use a gas boiler for the home, preparation for the heating season will also be needed. Your actions:

  1. Call a specialist from gas service for technical inspection equipment.
  2. Check the work ventilation ducts in the room where the equipment is located.
  3. Check the heating system for filling with water. If necessary, add water so that all batteries and pipes warm up evenly.
  4. Check the work locking devices on the heating system.
  5. Pipes passing outside the house and inside, paint with paint.

Preparing your home for the heating season

O various systems and the rules for their preparation, we have already talked. Now it's time to pay attention to the structure. You built a stove, installed an electric and gas boiler for the house, but in the previous season, the house did not please with much warmth. There is only one reason - you poorly insulated your home.


Get started right now:

  1. Check all windows. Plastic structures put it in winter mode. Replace worn seals.
  2. Entrance doors also need to be insulated. Metal constructions do not retain heat in the house if there is no insulation.
  3. On the plastered exterior walls, stick foam sheets and apply a new layer of plaster.
  4. The attic is insulated with the most different ways. The easiest is to smear the base of the attic with a mixture of clay and straw. If the premises are non-residential, lay mineral wool. For attic space use penoizol. There are many ways. Choose the best one for you.
  5. Install foil screens behind the batteries to help keep the house warm.

Now your house is prepared for the winter, and financial energy costs will be significantly reduced. Not only comfort and warmth awaits you in cold weather, but also savings family budget if, after reading the article, follow all our recommendations.

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