Electric heating vulture at home. The nuances of SIP-houses (from experience)

The heating system of a house made of SIP panels can be no different from the heating system of any other house. There are several options for heating, each of them has advantages and disadvantages.

Electric heating

In SIP houses, heat is preserved like in a thermos, because such houses are airtight and reduce heat loss to a minimum. Therefore, a heating system is more relevant for them, which can be adjusted, turning it on and off as needed. SIP houses are considered energy efficient, they can significantly reduce the cost of heating a house.

Electric heating can be different:

• oil electric heaters;
• convectors;
• warm floor.

Optimal for a small house are. They allow you to heat the room evenly, while they are completely invisible.

Gas heating

This option is more suitable for a brick house. Connecting the gas and obtaining all the necessary permits can be very burdensome. The cost of gas is also not cheap. In addition, gas heating is good when constant heating is required. In SIP houses, such heating is often redundant.

Furnace (fireplace) heating

This type of heating is the most traditional for our country, but it is at least strange to install a Russian stove in a modern house, and fireplace heating can hardly be called complete. It is more for beauty than warmth. Heating with wood or coal is costly and unhealthy.

Is it possible to build a house in two weeks?

Is it possible to make heating in the house in 1 day?

Is it possible to move into a new house after 15 days and start living in it?

How would you answer these questions?

Let's go in order!

Of course, everyone has heard about the technology of prefabricated houses: there are quite a lot of them. But perhaps the fastest today is the construction technology of SIP panels. The total time for the construction of such a 2-storey house with an area of ​​​​about 150 square meters. m using screw piles as a foundation is no more than 14 days. Just think: 14 days, and you are the owner of the new house you dreamed about. A new home in a place where nothing stood 2 weeks ago! So the answer to the first question is YES!

Wouldn't it be nice to have the same fast heating in this house, for example, in 1 day? You say it's impossible? And if possible, then probably very expensive? And you can: quickly, inexpensively and with low monthly expenses? And we are ready to answer this question - YES! But how is this possible? - you ask. Elementary!

With an Air Heat Pump that generates from 2 to 5 kW of heat for each kW of electricity consumed. This allows you to approach such monthly expenses as if you had main gas. Now the heat generated by a heat pump costs only 20-30% more, but taking into account the upward trend in gas tariffs, it will equal it in the next 2-3 years, and then become cheaper. Electricity in a heat pump is not spent on the production of heat, as in electric heaters, but on the process of transferring heat from outside the house to the inside. This work is done by freon circulating in a closed circuit with the help of the compressor, which is the heart of the heat pump. Evaporating in the heat exchanger of the outdoor unit at a low temperature, freon takes heat from the surrounding air, which contains the stored energy of the sun in a low-potential form (for example, heat can be taken even from air with a temperature of minus 15 ° C, as a result of which its temperature will drop to minus 20 ? C, and 5 degrees will go to freon). Moving further along the circuit, the “heated” freon is compressed by the compressor in the indoor unit, as a result of which its temperature rises to + 20? С ... + 45? С (depending on the degree of compression). This hot freon warms the air circulating through the heat exchanger of the indoor unit. In turn, this warm air heats the room. Thus, a heat pump is a device capable of taking energy even from cold outside air, and then converting it into a high-temperature form that is convenient for use. By transferring hot freon into the room, you can heat the air, which heats the house. The air source heat pump is installed in 1 day and immediately starts working. Therefore, the answer to the 2nd question is also YES!

Having built a house in two weeks and installed an air source heat pump in it as a heating system in 1 day, you can call in and live in such a house! It remains only to arrange the furniture!

And now let's discuss what advantages a heat pump has in SIP houses, in addition to its quick installation.

A house built from SIP panels is energy efficient: heat losses in it are very small. In fact, this house is a thermos. For a comfortable stay in the house, you need to have a room temperature in the range of + 20? С ... + 25? С. All traditional heating systems are based on burning fuel and creating a source of elevated temperature in the house, which heats it up throughout the house. But the combustion temperature is too high for a person, so you have to use an intermediate agent - a coolant (water, ethylene glycol), which, taking on high-temperature combustion energy, carries it around the house, warming the air through water-air heat exchange devices - radiators or batteries. But the water temperature +50?С…+90?С is still high compared to the required air temperature. That is, using traditional boilers, we are forced to overheat the coolant (water) greatly, while wasting excess energy. In addition, there is the so-called "TEMPERATURE SAW" (heated - cooled down), because. any boiler operates in the "On-Off" mode. This leads to a strong fluctuation of the water temperature (and, accordingly, air) near the set temperature in the range of 5?C ... 7?C and additional excessive fuel consumption. Only a house made of massive brick or stone is able to smooth out these fluctuations.

In contrast to the above, an inverter heat pump heats air or water exactly to the minimum temperature (not higher than +45? C), which is necessary to obtain comfortable +20? C ... +25? C. Maintains the temperature that you set, with an accuracy of 0.5 ° C, with the help of a smooth change in its performance.

Nothing burns in it and does not explode: it is fireproof. The installation of such heating does not require any approval from the supervisory authorities. The heat pump is a completely autonomous system capable of maintaining the air temperature set by the owner even in his absence. In the event of a power failure, it automatically restarts when the power supply is restored. Supports economy mode +8?С…+10?С, saving money and not allowing the house to freeze. It effectively heats the house even at an outside air temperature of minus 25 ° C and at the same time costs less than any traditional heating system.

The indoor unit of the heat pump directs the warm air vertically down towards the floor with the help of louvres. Warming it, the warm air, swirling, fills the entire interior space of the house, rises up and warms the walls and ceiling. Mixing well due to the initial speed and convection, warm air fills the premises and warms them up. When the house is already warmed up, the heat pump works in the mode of maintaining the set temperature, while spending a minimum of electricity. A necessary condition for the effective heating of all rooms is the possibility of penetration of warm air there. To do this, it is necessary to keep the doors to isolated rooms ajar for at least part of the day. Or install several heat pumps in the house, each of which covers its own isolated zone. And the thermal power of the device is selected based on the size and nature of the room.

Of all the manufacturers that are present on the air source heat pump market today, 2 manufacturers have advanced the farthest: Mitsubishi Electric and General-Fujitsu. It is their heat pumps that show the best characteristics of heat output at low outdoor air temperatures of -25? С..-30? С. On average, during the heating season, which in our latitudes is about 7 months, an air source heat pump generates 3 times more heat energy than an electric heater, with the same electricity consumption. That is, such a heat pump, on average, produces 3 kW of heat for every kW of electricity consumed. Electricity is spent only on the operation of the compressor and control electronics. With a low initial cost (for example, a 3 kW heat pump costs from 65,000 rubles), it pays off in 2-4 seasons, and lasts 15-20 years. For comparison, 1 kW of gas heating heat costs about 70 kopecks, and for a heat pump about 90 kopecks. But it's NOW! And where there is no gas or it is expensive to supply, there are no alternatives to an air source heat pump. Even with a LIMIT of electricity, which is usually 5 kW, you can organize sustainable full-fledged heating, because you will get 3 times more heat! Heat pumps work most efficiently and economically in houses with low heat losses (less than 100 W / m2), namely, houses made of SIP panels. Here the heat pump pays for itself even faster. Thus, heating SIP houses using air source heat pumps is optimal, both in terms of initial costs (relatively inexpensive) and monthly costs comparable to main gas, which allows you to quickly recoup your investment.

And if you are going to become or have already become the proud owner of a house built using CIP technology, then you should use such “low-temperature”, fireproof heating systems as air source heat pumps to heat it. In addition, by installing them, you get another important advantage: in the summer, in the heat, they can cool the air in the house, working as air conditioners, keeping the house comfortable and cool. In this case, the street and the house change places: heat is taken inside the house and transferred outside, and this is cooling. Add to this the air purification and disinfection features found in many air-to-air heat pumps and you have year-round Universal Home Climate System, which warms in winter and cools in summer, creating comfortable conditions for households. It doesn't matter what the weather is outside. Inside you always have comfortable +20?С…+25?С!

Heating a private house from SIP panels with electricity raises many questions and doubts, this method is considered to be expensive. However, you can choose an electrical appliance suitable for heating any home.

Oil heaters

In shape, they resemble ordinary heating radiators. Modern models are equipped with a smooth or stepped heating controller, built-in protection, and sometimes a fan heater. The power of oil-type heaters is from 0.8 to 2.5 kW, which allows them to be plugged into a household outlet.

They are suitable for periodic or additional heating of SIP at home, since they are not economical and dry the air, burning out oxygen. Long-term operation of the oil cooler in the room can cause malaise. If the case is damaged and oil leaks, the radiators become a fire hazard, which is a serious disadvantage for a CIP at home.

Fan heaters and thermal curtains

Their distinguishing feature is the presence of a fan that directs the flow of heated air. Suitable for quickly heating rooms or creating a barrier to cold air and drafts.

A serious drawback is the noise during operation, therefore, in residential buildings made of SIP panels, they are rarely used and only for heating certain areas:

• to create a warm air curtain at the entrance or balcony door;
• for quick heating of the veranda, covered gazebo, workshop from SIP panels;
• as additional heating in cold weather.

Convectors

The principle of operation is based on the physical laws of convection. Heating elements are located inside the housing, they heat the cold air coming from below, after which it enters the room through openings in the housing. When the convector is on, there is a constant circulation of air masses, the room quickly heats up to the temperature set on the controller, after which the automation turns off the heating until the air cools down.

Convectors are silent, safe, but they mainly heat the air, which in houses built using SIP panel technology cools down at the slightest draft. Heating with convectors is not economical and is mainly suitable for a country SIP at home or as a temporary measure before connecting a heating boiler or stove.

Infrared heaters

The principle of their work is based on infrared radiation, capable of heating objects in a directed way, even at a considerable distance. They are installed in the upper part of the room, for example, under the ceiling, while the floor, walls, and furniture are heated. They, in turn, give off heat and heat the air. Thus, all levels of the room are evenly heated.

The disadvantage of infrared heaters is the absorption of oxygen during heating; with their prolonged use, it is necessary to ensure the flow of fresh air. Constant ventilation is one of the requirements for building a house with SIP panels, so it can be heated using infrared heaters.

Warm floor

A popular way to heat rooms, especially those where high humidity is possible: bathroom, kitchen. Space heating with underfloor heating can be permanent.

When installing the “warm floor” system, the entire surface of the floor becomes a heater, while heating it does not exceed 30 degrees, oxygen is retained in the air, and the humidity that often occurs in houses made of SIP panels is stabilized.

Heating with electricity using underfloor heating is performed using two technologies:

• using a heating cable;
• with laying of infrared heating mats.

Due to its thickness, the cable is used under the screed, on which the finish coat is placed. It has increased electrical insulation compared to infrared mats, it is often used for underfloor heating in the bathroom and in the kitchen.

The cable can be sold in a coil or in the form of mats in which it is fixed at a distance necessary for uniform heating. The second option is more convenient - you do not have to perform calculations, the power of the heating mat is indicated in the documentation.

Infrared mats have a small thickness, so they can be laid directly under the finish coating: linoleum, laminate, carpet. Mats come in different widths and power - from 150 to 220 watts per square meter.

Electric boilers

Heating a house built using SIP technology using an electric boiler is the most popular method after heating with gas. Electric boilers for heating a house from SIP panels have a number of advantages:

• low price of equipment;
• a large selection of models of different capacities;
• high level of automation;
• small dimensions;
• heating with an electric boiler can work in parallel with other heating boilers as a backup source.

The disadvantage of electric boilers is the high cost of electricity tariffs, but compared to other options for heating with electricity, they are economical.

The principle of operation of the boiler is as follows: in the tank of the device there are heating elements that heat the coolant - water or antifreeze. The boiler is connected to a system consisting of radiators, pipes and related devices that ensure uninterrupted circulation. The heated coolant moves along a closed circuit, giving off heat to the radiators, and they, in turn, heat the space of the house.

There are several types of electric boilers according to the principle of heating a liquid:

• heating elements;

• induction;
• electrode.

Electric heating elements boilers

Heating elements consist of a heating element, most often a nichrome coil, placed in an insulating ceramic tube. Heating up to a high temperature, the heating element gives off heat to the surrounding water. It is forbidden to turn on the heating element boiler without a coolant - it will burn out!

Advantages:

• simple design;
• low requirements for the composition of the coolant;
• small dimensions, the boiler can be placed on the wall in a convenient place;
• moderate price.

Disadvantages:

• when using untreated hard water, scale gradually forms on the walls of the boiler and heaters, which reduces the performance of the boiler.

To control the temperature, two types of sensors are used: installed on the boiler itself or remote, located in the rooms. The second type of sensors allows you to more accurately set the modes and make heating more comfortable.

Induction boilers

In them, the heating of the coolant occurs due to the induction currents flowing through it, for which the boiler is equipped with an inductor operating on industrial or high frequency currents. The use of currents with a frequency of several tens of kHz allows you to make the boiler silent, older models at a frequency of 50 Hz emit a slight hum during operation.

Advantages of induction boilers:

• high heating rate of the coolant;
• boilers are not demanding on the quality of the coolant, you can use water of any hardness - due to constant vibration, scale does not form;
• there are no heat losses for heating heating elements, heating is cheaper;
• inside the boilers there are no detachable connections through which leaks are possible;
• there is no contact between the coolant and the electrical part of the device, which increases its reliability.

Disadvantages:

• the main disadvantage of induction boilers is their high price;
• dimensions are larger than those of TEN boilers.

Electrode boilers

They work only in closed systems with a specially prepared coolant: water in which salts are dissolved. The principle of operation is based on the splitting of solution molecules into charged ions and their subsequent movement to oppositely charged electrodes. Boilers operate on alternating current, the direction of movement of ions is constantly changing, which leads to heating of the coolant.

Advantages of boilers:

• compact dimensions;
• boilers do not fail when the coolant leaks - the heating process simply stops in them;
• the declared efficiency of induction boilers is higher than that of heating elements.

Disadvantages:

• lack of induction electric boilers - high requirements for the quality of the coolant;
• the price is higher than that of heating elements of similar power.

Heating a house from SIP panels with electricity is affordable and efficient, and a combination of different types of heaters will create the necessary microclimate and comfort in the house.

Despite the high thermal insulation characteristics that sip house, in our climate, when the temperature can drop below 30 0, the issue of heating system equipment should be paid attention to already.

Low thermal conductivity sip panels allows you to keep cool in summer and warm in winter without significant energy consumption. But the choice of the method of heating the premises and the ventilation system is a matter of personal preference for the owner of the house, although experts can advise the most economical and safe options.

Before choosing heating for sip house, think:

– will you live permanently in the building or during the summer season?

– is there a need for hot water supply?

– is there a gas pipe near the house and the possibility of connection?

– Is there enough power for efficient heating with electrical appliances?

The answers to these questions will help determine the best option for the type of heating and begin to develop SIP panel house plan.

Heating electric

Electric boilers are the safest solution for "Canadian" homes. They can be installed independently without special permissions, they are very compact and do not require specially equipped ventilated rooms.

The principle of operation of the boiler is simple - the heating element heats the coolant, the pump distributes the heated coolant throughout the system. From the central unit, you can control the heating temperature of the heating element. Two-chamber boilers allow both heating the house and heating water.

Minuses:

- the constant rise in the cost of electricity;

- possible voltage drops and interruptions in the connection, for the solution of which you have to buy a generator, voltage stabilizer, batteries. But a temporary power outage will not greatly affect the temperature in the house.

- it is advisable to immediately buy a spare heater, otherwise, if it suddenly fails in the middle of frosts, it will not be possible to quickly resolve the issue of acquiring a new one and replacing it;

- A heating element suffering from lime deposits needs to install a water filter to reduce water hardness.

SIP panels, which is relatively low due to savings on heating pay off in the first 3-5 years.

Heating gas

If the gas pipe is nearby and there is a possibility of tie-in, then house in Canadian will be provided with the cheapest energy source. It is necessary to obtain permission for the tie-in, stretch the pipe and purchase a gas boiler.

For small cottages, a hanging boiler is suitable, for larger houses - a floor boiler.

Minuses

- permits are required;

- the room with the boiler must comply with safety standards.

Heating with solid or liquid fuel

The cost of a house from SIP panels low compared to buildings made from traditional building materials, it is even lower when it comes to heating.

Solid fuel boilers require constant monitoring and are suitable for small buildings. Liquid fuel - have good heat dissipation and low cost, but require installation in a separate room and good ventilation.

In the countries of Eastern Europe, the energy efficiency of houses made of SIP panels, Kyiv- not an exception.

The lion's share of housing maintenance costs is payment for heat. Thrifty owners are looking for ways to cut costs. No exception to the rule and the owners of the Canadian house.

How to heat housing from sandwich panels?

When choosing a heating method, the owners take into account their financial capabilities, personal preferences and building functions. Possible heating options:

• Air
• Water
• Electric

Very often turnkey houses (http://valdek.ru/catalog/) are used as dachas. Air heating is suitable for lovers of fireplaces, stoves. The decision has the right to life, because the Canadian building is not afraid of fire. It should be borne in mind that such structures will take up a lot of living space. In this case, the heat transfer will be low. The fireplace can be considered as an element of decor or an alternative in case of any malfunction in the main heating system.

A good option for seasonal living is an electrical system with the ability to regulate the temperature in each room. Heating Advantage:

• does not require complex and cumbersome communications;
• simply mounted;
• simple operation;
• convenient to choose the desired temperature mode.

Specialists will easily mount all the elements into a single whole, but you will have to pay a considerable amount for the work. In some cases, electric convectors are also enough. With this heating, energy costs will be minimal. Savings are provided by the excellent thermal insulation properties of buildings made of sip panels.

If the house is residential all year round, then it is advisable to install water heating. This case is not as simple as it seems at first glance. It is necessary to calculate everything: a specific type of water heating, the necessary communications, a place to place the boiler and many other important points. As practice has shown, a boiler with a capacity of 1 kW / 10 m² copes with the heating of a Canadian building. To maintain a comfortable temperature regime in ordinary housing, a 5 times higher indicator is required.

How to minimize heat loss?

Brick or wooden houses are insulated by adding layers of special materials to the walls. This is an additional cost and a rather laborious process. If we are talking about sip technology, then everything is much simpler: solid foam is already contained in the elements from which the building is assembled. Expanded polystyrene C-25 is a substance with high thermal insulation properties. As practice has shown, a wall made of this material is 1.5 times warmer than a conventional wall insulated with mineral wool. Despite the properties of sip panels, you can worry about additional protection from the cold. Available activities:

• install heat-saving windows and doors;
• insulate floors;
• equip ventilation ducts with a heat exchanger;
• insulate the floor.

When building a Canadian house, it is not practiced to use sip panels for roofing. It should be insulated with mineral wool. Insulation is placed between the rafters. A waterproofing membrane and a vapor barrier film are used as a means of protection. The wooden floor is insulated with foam.
All costs for rational heating equipment and reliable thermal insulation will pay off handsomely. It is much easier to think about savings at the construction stage than to insulate a cold finished house later.